1
|
Toledano M, Fernández-Romero E, Aguilera FS, Osorio E, Rodríguez-Santana JA, Garrido M, Solís PA, García-Godoy F, Osorio R. Tunable polymer-peptide hybrids for dentin tissue repair. J Dent 2024; 148:105027. [PMID: 38679137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study targets to assess the remineralization capability of conditioned dentin infiltrated with polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with tideglusib (TDg) (TDg-NPs). METHODS Dentin conditioned surfaces were infiltrated with NPs and TDg-NPs. Bonded interfaces were created, stored for 24 h and submitted to mechanical and thermal challenging. Resin-dentin interfaces were evaluated through nanohardness, Masson's trichrome staining microscopy, and Raman analysis. RESULTS Dentin surfaces treated with TDg-NPs and load cycled produced higher nanohardness than the rest of the groups at the hybrid layer. At the bottom of the hybrid layer, all samples treated with TDg-NPs showed higher nanohardness than the rest of the groups. Active remineralization underneath the hybrid layer was detected in all groups after TDg application and load cycling, inducting new dentinal tubuli formation. After thermocycling, remineralization at the hybrid layer was not evidenced in the absence of NPs. Raman analysis showed increase mineralization, enriched carbonate apatite formation, and improved crosslinking and scaffolding of the collagen. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical loading on the specimens obtained after TDg-NPs dentin infiltration inducts an increase of mineralization at the resin/dentin interface, indicating remineralization of peritubular and intertubular dentin with augmented crystallographic maturity in crystals. Enriched collagen quality was produced, generating an adequate matrix organization to promote apatite nucleation, after tideglusib infiltration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE At the present research, it has been proved the creation of reparative dentin, at the resin-dentin interface, after tideglusib dentin infiltration. Chemical stability, to favor integrity of the resin-dentin interface, is warranted in the presence of the TDg-NPs in the demineralized dentin collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Enrique Fernández-Romero
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública PhD Programme, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - José A Rodríguez-Santana
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Macarena Garrido
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pedro A Solís
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Franklin García-Godoy
- Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, 875 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38103, United States
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toledano M, Fernández-Romero E, Osorio MT, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Toledano R, Osorio R. Investigation of the effect of Tideglusib on the hydroxyapatite formation, crystallinity and elasticity of conditioned resin-dentin interfaces. J Dent 2024; 150:105334. [PMID: 39218289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of dentin infiltration with polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with tideglusib (TDg) (TDg-NPs) on hydroxyapatite formation, crystallinity and elasticity of conditioned resin-dentin interfaces. METHODS Dentin conditioned surfaces were infiltrated with NPs or TDg-NPs. Bonded interfaces were created, stored for 24 h and submitted to mechanical and thermal challenging. Resin-dentin interfaces were evaluated through nanoindentation to determine the modulus of elasticity, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-filed imaging. RESULTS TDg-NPs provoked peaks narrowing after the diffraction-intensity analysis that corresponded with high crystallinity, with an increased modulus of Young after load cycling in comparison with the samples treated with undoped NPs. New minerals, in the group of TDg-NPs, showed the greatest both deviation of line profile from perfect crystal diffraction and dimension of the lattice strain, i.e., crystallite, grain size and microstrain and 002 plane-texture. The new minerals generated after TDg-NPs application and mechanical loading followed a well defined lineation. Undoped NPs mostly produced small hydroxyapatite crystallites, non crystalline or amorphous in nature with poor maturity. CONCLUSIONS Tideglusib promoted the precipitation of hydroxyapatite, as a major crystalline phase, at the intrafibrillar compartment of the collagen fibrils, enabling functional mineralization. TDg-NPs facilitated nucleation of crystals randomly oriented, showing less structural variation in angles and distances that improved crystallographic relative order of atoms and maturity. Nanocrystals inducted by TDg-NPs were hexagonal prisms of submicron size. Thermal challenging of dentin treated with TDg-NPs have provoked a decrease of functional mineralization and crystallinity, associated to immature hydroxyapatite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE New polycrystalline lattice formation generated after TDg-NPs infiltration may become correlated with high mechanical performance. This association can be inferred from the superior crystallinity that was obtained in presence of tideglusib. Immature crystallites formed in dentin treated with undoped NPs will account for a high remineralizing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Enrique Fernández-Romero
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública PhD Programme, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - María T Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Raquel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai T, Chen H, Wei F, Sun G, Chen X, Shi Z, Zhu S. Assessing the impact of different Urushiol primer solvents on dentin remineralization and bond strength. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:500. [PMID: 39186077 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate urushiol's potential as a dentin cross-linking agent, promoting remineralization of etched dentin and preventing activation of endogenous proteases causing collagen degradation within the hybrid layer. The goal is to improve bond strength and durability at the resin-dentin interface. METHODS Urushiol primers with varying concentrations were prepared using ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvents. Dentin from healthy molars underwent grinding and acid etching for 15 s, followed by a 1min application of urushiol primer. After 14 and 28 days of remineralization incubation and remineralization were used to assess by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Vickers Hardness, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The overall performance of urushiol primers as dentin adhesives was observed by microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing and nanoleakage assessment. Investigated the inhibitory properties of the urushiol primers on endogenous metalloproteinases (MMPs) utilizing in situ zymography, and the cytotoxicity of the primers was tested. RESULTS Based on ATR-FTIR, Raman, XRD, EM-EDS and Vickers hardness analyses, the 0.7%-Ethanol group significantly enhanced dentin mineral content and improved mechanical properties the most. Pretreatment notably increased the μTBS of restorations, promoted the stability of the mixed layer, and reduced nanoleakage and MMPs activity after 28 days. SIGNIFICANCE The urushiol primer facilitates remineralization in demineralized dentin, enhancing remineralization in etched dentin, effectively improving the bonding interface stability, with optimal performance observed at a 0.7 wt% concentration of the urushiol primer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guangdi Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zuosen Shi
- Zuosen Shi, State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Road, Gaoxin District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Putranto AW, Meidyawati R, Dwiseptyoga S, Zikrullah DYA. Evaluation of Physical Properties in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and the Effect for Dentin Remineralization: SEM/EDX, Compressive Strength, and Ca/P Ratio. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 39013447 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of modifying glass ionomer cement (GIC) with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on surface morphology and remineralization outcomes by examining dentin morphology and calcium ion composition changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty holes in a cylindrical acrylic mold were filled with three groups of restorative materials: GIC, GIC modified with CMC (GIC-CMC) 5%, and GIC-CMC10%. The surface morphology of each group's materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength measurement was performed using a universal testing machine. The dentin remineralization process was performed by applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days on demineralized dentin cavities treated with 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 7 days. A morphological evaluation was conducted using SEM. The calcium ion composition and calcium-to-phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio were examined using an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare all four groups of calcium ions (p < 0.05). RESULTS The modification of GIC with CMC affected the morphological changes in the materials in the form of reduced porosity and increased fractures. A significant difference was found in compressive strength between the GIC-CMC modification materials of GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% and the GIC control group. The dentin tubule morphology and surface changes were observed after applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days, as evaluated by SEM. The EDX examination showed an increase in calcium ion content and hydroxyapatite formation (Ca/P ratio) after applying the GIC-CMC10% material. CONCLUSION The surface porosity of the GIC modification material with the addition of CMC tended to decrease. However, an increase in cracked surfaces that widened, along with the rise in CMC percentage, was found. This modification also reduced the compressive strength of the materials, with the lowest average yield at 10% CMC addition. Therefore, the modification of GIC with CMC affects changes in morphology, calcium ion composition, and Ca/P ratio in demineralized dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Wisnu Putranto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Meidyawati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Senyan Dwiseptyoga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanka SM, Ramar K. Evaluation of Surface Topography and Biomimetic Remineralization Capacity of Dendrimers in Comparison With Calcium Silicate Cement: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e65812. [PMID: 39219901 PMCID: PMC11364501 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biodentine, a calcium silicate-based material, is known for its biocompatibility and ability to promote dentin regeneration. With their unique branching structure, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have shown promise in facilitating biomimetic remineralization processes. AIM This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining PAMAM with Biodentine on root dentin remineralization, aiming to develop a novel bioactive compound that offers superior protective and regenerative properties. METHODS The following predictions were made: (1) In a cyclic artificial saliva/acid regimen, among the test groups, the combination of Biodentine and PAMAM would cause the most root dentin remineralization (2). Biodentine alone would increase Ca and P concentrations, neutralize acid, and promote root dentin remineralization (3). PAMAM, on the other hand, can remineralize the demineralized root dentin. RESULTS Minimal mineral regeneration was accomplished in demineralized root dentin when treated with Biodentine or PAMAM alone. Root dentin remineralization was most pronounced when Biodentine and PAMAM were used together, and the hardness of demineralized root dentin was raised to an equivalent level to that of healthy root dentin. DISCUSSION The study demonstrated the exceptional ability of PAMAM + Biodentine to promote root dentin remineralization. In an acid-challenging environment, PAMAM + Biodentine promoted full and efficient root dentin remineralization. Restorations made using innovative PAMAM + Biodentine technology show promise in remineralizing and protecting tooth structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Meghana Sanka
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Kavitha Ramar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belal RM, Yousef DA, Elgendy E, Belal MH. Dentin Collagen versus Er:YAG Laser as Surface Biomodifiers for Intact Root Slices Simulating Delayed Replanted Roots. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024. [PMID: 38836755 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate effects of dentin collagen versus Er:YAG laser application through enhancing human periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) cells to attach to intact root surfaces imitating delayed replanted roots. Background Data: Accidental traumatic injuries with teeth avulsion are managed by replantation. Root resorption, poor conditioning, and non-viable fibroblasts are factors responsible for failure. Methods: Thirty six human healthy single-rooted premolars were collected. Six teeth were used for PDLF, six teeth used for dentin collagen, whereas the remaining 24 teeth (48 root slices) were used for PDLF cell density and morphology. Each root was soaked in 5.25% NaOCl. Three groups (n = 16 slices/each) were planned as follows: I: Control (untreated); II: dentin collagen application; III: Er:YAG laser irradiation (4 mm distance, 40 mJ/pulse, under coolant). Following incubation, cell density and morphology of PDLF were investigated under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with Scheffé's test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All groups showed increased cultured PDLF following incubation. Regarding cell density, attached PDLFs were significantly lower in untreated controls (36.5 ± 6.36) (p < 0.00001 i.e., <0.05) in negative empty and/or light cellular areas, compared with dentin collagen (65 ± 6) and laser-irradiated (66.75 ± 5.77) groups that did not show significant differences (p = 0.940 i.e., >0.05) and showed intermediate and/or heavy cellular areas. Regarding cell morphology, controls showed round and/or oval appearance with less lamellipodia, whereas dentin collagen and laser groups showed flat morphology with cytoplasmic processes. Conclusions: Both dentin collagen and Er:YAG laser showed comparable effectiveness as biomodification tools with good biocompatibility for human PDLF cell attachment on intact root slices imitating delayed replantation. Dentin collagen as a natural bioactive material is considered an alternative to Er:YAG laser to enhance the regenerative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Belal
- Health Administration of Kafr El-Zayat, Ministry of Health & Population, Kafr El-Zayat, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Yousef
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology.Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Enas Elgendy
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Helmy Belal
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vilela HS, Resende MCA, Trinca RB, Scaramucci T, Sakae LO, Braga RR. Glass ionomer cement with calcium-releasing particles: Effect on dentin mineral content and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2024; 40:236-243. [PMID: 37981512 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the effect a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) or calcium silicate (CaSi) particles on mineral content and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. Ion release and compressive strength (CS) of the cements were also evaluated. METHODS GIC (Fuji 9 Gold Label, GC), GIC+ 5%HAp and GIC+ 5%CaSi (by mass) were evaluated. Ion release was determined by induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (Ca2+/Sr2+) or ion-specific electrode (F-) (n = 3). A composite (Filtek Z250, 3 M ESPE) was used as control in remineralization tests. Demineralized dentin discs were kept in contact with materials in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for eight weeks. Mineral:matrix ratio (MMR) was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (n = 5). Dentin hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) were determined by nanoindentation (n = 10). CS was tested after 24 h and 7d in deionized water (n = 12). Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Ca2+ and Sr2+ release was higher for the modified materials (p < 0.05). Only GIC+ 5%HAp showed higher F- release than the control (p < 0.05). All groups showed statistically significant increases in MMR, with no differences among them after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). No differences in dentin H or E were observed among groups (p > 0.05). HAp-modified GIC showed increased initial CS, while adding CaSi had the opposite effect (p < 0.05). After 7 days, GIC+ 5%CaSi presented lower CS in relation to control and GIC+ 5%HAp (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE GIC modification with HAp or CaSi affected CS and increased ion release; however, none of the groups showed evidence of dentin remineralization in comparison to the negative control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handially S Vilela
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana C A Resende
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Trinca
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia O Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ubolsa-Ard P, Sanon K, Hiraishi N, Sayed M, Sakamaki Y, Yiu CKY, Shimada Y. Influence of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength of demineralized dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106295. [PMID: 38096611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of ions released from surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of demineralized dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine incisor root dentins were demineralized with EDTA and divided into three treatment groups: 1) water (control); 2) S-PRG filler eluate; 3) 125 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). After a 3-min treatment, the specimens were stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 3 months. Collagen morphology and remineralization were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was measured. RESULTS TEM and SEM demonstrated that S-PRG induced more effective remineralization compared to NaF, while the control group exhibited faint mineral deposition with collagen degradation. S-PRG displayed the most homogenous mineral deposition in collagen fibrils, along with closure of interfibrillar spaces. Extensive mineral precipitation was observed within dentinal tubules in the S-PRG group. In addition, S-PRG filler eluate demonstrated significantly higher phosphate-to-amide ratio and UTS compared to NaF and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ion released from S-PRG filler positively influenced collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength of demineralized dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE S-PRG filler enhances remineralization and improve the biomechanics of demineralized dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panchanit Ubolsa-Ard
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kittisak Sanon
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Research Unit of Biomimetic and Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud Sayed
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Tokyo Dental College, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vilela HS, Trinca RB, Alves TVM, Scaramucci T, Sakae LO, Mariano FS, Giannini M, Silva FRO, Braga RR. Effect of a calcium silicate cement and experimental glass ionomer cements containing calcium orthophosphate particles on demineralized dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:97. [PMID: 38225525 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the effect of a glass ionomer cement (GIC; Fuji 9 Gold Label, GC) with added calcium orthophosphate particles and a calcium silicate cement (CSC; Biodentine, Septodont) regarding ion release, degradation in water, mineral content, and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin samples. METHODS GIC, GIC + 5% DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate), GIC + 15% DCPD, GIC + 5% β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate), GIC + 15% β-TCP (by mass), and CSC were evaluated for Ca2+/Sr2+/F- release in water for 56 days. Cement mass loss was evaluated after 7-day immersion in water. Partially demineralized dentin disks were kept in contact with materials while immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 56 days. The "mineral-to-matrix ratio" (MMR) was determined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Dentin hardness and elastic modulus were obtained by nanoindentation. Samples were observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Ca2+ release from CSC and GIC (μg/cm2) were 4737.0 ± 735.9 and 13.6 ± 1.6, respectively. In relation to the unmodified GIC, the addition of DCPD or β-TCP increased ion release (p < 0.001). Only the dentin disks in contact with CSC presented higher MMR (p < 0.05) and mechanical properties than those restored with a resin composite used as control (p < 0.05). Mass loss was similar for GIC and CSC; however, the addition of DCPD or β-TCP increased GIC degradation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the increase in ion release, the additional Ca2+ sources did not impart remineralizing capability to GIC. Both unmodified GIC and CSC showed similar degradation in water. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CSC was able to promote dentin remineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handially S Vilela
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Trinca
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tarsila V M Alves
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia O Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Mariano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia R O Silva
- Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai J, Moradian-Oldak J. Triple Function of Amelogenin Peptide-Chitosan Hydrogel for Dentin Repair. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1434-1443. [PMID: 37880947 PMCID: PMC10767697 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231198228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic strategies like peptide-guided collagen mineralization promise to enhance the effectiveness of dentin remineralization. We recently reported that rationally designed amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 promoted apatite nucleation, mineralized collagen, and showed potential in enamel regrowth and dentin remineralization. To facilitate the clinical application of amelogenin-derived peptides and to uncover their effectiveness in repairing dentin, we have now implemented a chitosan (CS) hydrogel for peptide delivery and have investigated the effects of P26-CS and P32-CS hydrogels on dentin remineralization using 2 in situ experimental models that exhibited different levels of demineralization. The efficacy of the peptide-CS hydrogels in dentin repair was evaluated by characterizing the microstructure, mineral density, mineral phase, and nanomechanical properties of the remineralized samples. The new strategy of atomic force microscopy PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping was used for direct visualization and nanomechanical analysis of repaired dentin lesions across the lesion depth. Results from the 2 models indicated the potential triple functions of peptide-CS hydrogels for dentin repair: building a highly organized protective mineralized layer on dentin, occluding dentinal tubules by peptide-guided in situ mineralization, and promoting biomimetic dentinal collagen remineralization. Importantly, peptides released from the CS hydrogel could diffuse into the dentinal matrix and penetrate the dentinal tubules, leading to both surface and subsurface remineralization and tubule occlusion. Given our previous findings on peptide-CS hydrogels' potential for remineralizing enamel, we see further promise for hydrogels to treat tooth defects involving multiple hard tissues, as in the case of noncarious cervical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo X, Niu J, Su G, Zhou L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Sun N. Research progress of biomimetic materials in oral medicine. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37996886 PMCID: PMC10668381 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials are able to mimic the structure and functional properties of native tissues especially natural oral tissues. They have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve configurable and functional reconstruction in oral medicine. Though tremendous progress has been made regarding biomimetic materials, significant challenges still remain in terms of controversy on the mechanism of tooth tissue regeneration, lack of options for manufacturing such materials and insufficiency of in vivo experimental tests in related fields. In this review, the biomimetic materials used in oral medicine are summarized systematically, including tooth defect, tooth loss, periodontal diseases and maxillofacial bone defect. Various theoretical foundations of biomimetic materials research are reviewed, introducing the current and pertinent results. The benefits and limitations of these materials are summed up at the same time. Finally, challenges and potential of this field are discussed. This review provides the framework and support for further research in addition to giving a generally novel and fundamental basis for the utilization of biomimetic materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiayue Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Linxi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Toledano M, Osorio E, Espigares J, González-Fernández JF, Osorio R. Effects of an MDP-based surface cleaner on dentin structure, morphology and nanomechanical properties. J Dent 2023; 138:104734. [PMID: 37793561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of Katana™ Cleaner (KC) in nanomechanical and triboscopic properties of etched dentin. METHODS Dentin disks from human third molars were prepared. Two main groups of study were established in function of the etching conditioning, phosphoric acid (PA) and Clearfil SE Bond primer (CSEB). Four subgroups were tested within each group: i) untreated dentin (UD), ii) etched dentin (ED) [(PAED/CSEB)], iii) etched dentin contaminated with saliva (PAED+S)/(CSEB+S), and iv) etched and contaminated dentin treated with KC (PAED+S+KC)/(CSEB+S+KC). Nano-DMA testing and imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and nanoroughness (SRa) measurements were obtained. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were also acquired. RESULTS Phosphoric acid etched dentin samples and those specimens contaminated with saliva (PAED+S) attained the highest SRa values, that decreased after Katana™ Cleaner application (PAED+S+KC). In the group of dentin treated with CSEB primer, all subgroups performed similar, except in CSEB+S that attained the highest SRa values. The treatment with KC restored the original values of complex modulus of the untreated dentin. KC application produced the lowest and the highest tan delta values on PAED and CSEB groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Katana™ Cleaner provided equally mature dentin surfaces after any of the etching methods. Tan delta increased when Katana™ Cleaner was applied on the dentin surface previously etched and contaminated with saliva, regardless the kind of etchant, thus facilitating the dissipation of energy for elastic recoil during loading. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Katana™ Cleaner application after saliva contamination originated similar low roughness levels, regardless the type of etching method. Both complex and storage moduli were similar, after Katana™ Cleaner application, in any case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Jorge Espigares
- Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc. Tokiwabashi Tower, 2-6-4, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghilotti J, Mayorga P, Sanz JL, Forner L, Llena C. Remineralizing Ability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs): A Systematic Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:421. [PMID: 37623665 PMCID: PMC10455182 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in vitro experimental studies, whether RMGICs are suitable for remineralizing affected dentin. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing the remineralizing potential of RMGICs on dentin were included in our review. Studies which compared such properties between different RMGICs or with other materials were also eligible. The studies report the remineralizing ability of RMGICs, albeit with differences between different commercial products. RMGICs show a similar ability to conventional GICs to remineralize affected dentin, fulfilling the function for which they are designed. Moreover, the incorporation of additives, such as bioactive glass (BAG) or CCP-ACP, improves their remineralizing potential. The results of this review support the use of RMGICs as restorative materials after selective caries removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dawasaz AA, Togoo RA, Mahmood Z, Ahmad A, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K. Remineralization of Dentinal Lesions Using Biomimetic Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020159. [PMID: 37092411 PMCID: PMC10123630 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to systematically provide an up-to-date review on the different methods of remineralizing human dentine using different biomimetic agents. The authors performed a systematic search within PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in addition to the grey literature in Google Scholar® using MeSH terms. The PICO question was P: human teeth dentinal sections; I: application of biomimetic remineralizing agents; C: other non-biomimetic approaches; O: extent of remineralization and physical properties of remineralized dentine. The initially identified studies were screened for titles and abstracts. Non-English articles, reviews, animal studies, studies involving the resin-dentine interface, and other irrelevant articles were then excluded. The other remaining full-text articles were retrieved. Bibliographies of the remaining articles were searched for relevant studies that could be included. A total of 4741 articles were found, and finally, 39 full-text articles were incorporated in the current systematic review. From these, twenty-six research studies used non-collagenous protein (NCP) analogs to biomineralize dentine, six studies used bioactive materials derived from natural sources, six studies used zinc hydroxyapatite, and one study used amelogenin peptide to induce hydroxyapatite formation on the surface of demineralized dentine. Additive effects of triclosan and epigenin were assessed when combined with commonly available NCPs. Overall, a moderate risk of bias was observed and, hence, the findings of the included studies could be acceptable. A meta-analysis of some similar studies was performed to assess the depth of remineralization and elastic modulus. Despite having high heterogeneity (I2 > 90), all the studies showed a significant improvement in biomimetic remineralization efficacy as compared to the control. All the included studies carried out a functional remineralization assessment and found a 90-98% efficacy in the extent of remineralization while the elastic modulus reached 88.78 ± 8.35 GPa, which is close to natural dentine. It is pertinent to note the limitations of these studies that have been carried out in vitro under controlled settings, which lack the effects of a natural oral environment. To conclude, the authors suggest that the biomimetic remineralization of dentine using NCP analogs, bioactive materials, and natural products carries significant potential in treating dentinal lesions; however, more long-term studies are needed to assess their clinical applications in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azhar Dawasaz
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafi Ahmad Togoo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghilotti J, Fernández I, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Remineralization Potential of Three Restorative Glass Ionomer Cements: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062434. [PMID: 36983434 PMCID: PMC10058008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing ability of three glass ionomers on demineralized dentin with different thicknesses and time periods. Fifty third molars were obtained and were sectioned into 1-, 2-, and 3-mm thick slices (n = 36 for each thickness). The specimens were demineralized with 18% EDTA for 2 h. From the glass ionomer cements (GICs) under study (Ketac Molar Aplicap, Equia Forte, or Riva Light Cure), 1 mm was placed over each slice, set, and preserved in PBS until observation after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement. For each material, thickness, and time, three samples were prepared. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), apatite formation was determined on the side opposite to that on which the material had been placed. By means of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), the changes in the Calcium/Phosphate (Ca/P) ratio were evaluated. These changes were compared between the different materials by means of a two-way ANOVA test, considering time and dentin thickness, for a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: FTIR showed a peak at 1420 cm-1, evidencing the presence of carbonated hydroxyapatite in all the materials after 14 days, which indicates that a remineralization process occurred. Riva Light Cure showed the most homogeneous results at all depths at 28 days. The Ca/P ratio was maximum at 7 days in 2 mm of dentin for Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte HT (3.16 and 3.07; respectively) and for Ketac Molar at 14 days in 1 mm (3.67). All materials induced remineralization. Equia Forte achieved the greatest effect at 2 mm and Ketac Molar at 1 mm, whereas Riva Light Cure showed similar results at all depths. In terms of Ca/P ratio, Equia Forte and Riva Light Cure remineralized best at 2 mm, whereas for Ketac Molar, it was 1 mm. Carbonate apatite formation was higher at 24 h and 7 days for Ketac Molar, whereas it decreased at 14 days for Ketac Molar and peaked in Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ghilotti
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Icíar Fernández
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qiu L, Lu Y, Dong H, Zhang H, Zhang M, Deng Q, Song J. Enhanced effect of a novel bioactive glass-ceramic for dental application. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2027-2040. [PMID: 36933046 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in humans, caused by the acid produced by the microflora in the mouth that dissolves the enamel minerals. Bioactive glass (BAG) has been used in various clinical applications due to its unique bioactive properties, such as bone graft substitutes and dental restorative composites. In this study, we introduce a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (NBGC) prepared through a sol-gel process under a water-free condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-demineralization and remineralization effects of NBGC were evaluated by comparing the measurements of bovine enamel surface morphology, surface roughness, surface micro-hardness, enamel elements, and mineral content before and after related treatments with a commercial BAG. The antibacterial effect was characterized by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS Results showed that NBGC had greater acid resistance and remineralization potential compared to commercial BAG. The fast formation of a hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer suggests efficient bioactivity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In addition to its antibacterial properties, NBGC shows promise as an ingredient in oral care products that can prevent demineralization and restore enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Haide Dong
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfu Deng
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Toledano M, Osorio E, Osorio MT, Aguilera FS, Toledano R, Romero EF, Osorio R. Dexamethasone-doped nanoparticles improve mineralization, crystallinity and collagen structure of human dentin. J Dent 2023; 130:104447. [PMID: 36754111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioactive materials have been used for functionalization of adhesives to promote dentin remineralization. This study aims to evaluate bonding ability and both mechanical and chemical behavior of demineralized dentin infiltrated with polymeric nanoparticles doped with dexamethasone (Dex-NPs). METHODS Dentin conditioned surfaces were infiltrated with NPs, Dex-NPs or Dex-Zn-NPs. Bonded interfaces were also created and stored for 24 h or 21d, and then submitted to microtensile bond strength testing. Dentin remineralization was analyzed by Nanohardness, Young's modulus and Raman analysis. RESULTS At 21d of storage, dentin treated with undoped-NPs attained the lowest nanohardness and Young's modulus. Dex-NPs and Zn-Dex-NPs increased dentin nanohardness and Young's modulus after 21d Raman analysis showed high remineralization, crystallinity, crosslinking and better structure of collagen when functionalized Dex-NPs were present at the dentin interface. CONCLUSIONS Infiltration of dentin with Dex-NPs promoted functional remineralization as proved by nanomechanical and morpho-chemical evaluation tests. Dexamethasone in dentin facilitated crystallographic maturity, crystallinity and improved maturity and secondary structure of dentin collagen. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using dexamethasone-functionalized NPs before resin infiltration is a clear option to obtain dentin remineralization, as these NPs produce the reinforcement of the dentin structure, which will lead to the improvement of the longevity of resin restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - María T Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Raquel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Enrique Fernández- Romero
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iovan A, Benchea M, Stoleriu S, Tărăboanță I, Cimpoeșu N, Nica I, Andrian S. Effects of Acidic Challenge on Demineralized Root Surface Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030530. [PMID: 36766635 PMCID: PMC9914569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of applying potassium iodide (KI) over silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on demineralized root dentin in the case of a sustained acidogenic attack. METHODS Forty caries-free third molars were used in the study. A diamond disc was used to separate the roots and the tooth crowns from the roots. Each root fragment was randomly distributed in one of the four study groups: C-samples were not demineralized; DD-demineralized samples; RS1-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI (RS-Riva Star product, SDI limited, Bayswater, Australia); RS2-demineralized samples covered with SDF+KI and submersed to another acidic challenge for 3 days. SEM and EDX were used for the morphological and elemental analysis. Vickers hardness assessment was performed using a tribometer CETR UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation, Berlin, Germany). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests were used for the statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Morphological and elemental changes were observed on the surface of the study samples. Significant differences were observed between the recorded hardness values of groups C and DD (p = 0.005), C and RS2 (p = 0.002), DD and RS1 (p = 0.011); RS1 and RS2 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The application of SDF and KI (Riva Star product) on root dentin caries resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous outer layer that sealed the dentin and increased the microhardness of the treated surface. In the conditions of the present study, this layer did not provide enough protection for root dentin exposed to continuous attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Iovan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Marcelin Benchea
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University, 67 Dimitrie Mangeron Str., 700050 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ionuț Tărăboanță
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Nicanor Cimpoeșu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, “Gh. Asachi” Technical University, 67 Dimitrie Mangeron Str., 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Nica
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Sorin Andrian
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cuylear D, Elghazali NA, Kapila SD, Desai TA. Calcium Phosphate Delivery Systems for Regeneration and Biomineralization of Mineralized Tissues of the Craniofacial Complex. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:810-828. [PMID: 36652561 PMCID: PMC9906782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials have been extensively used for mineralized tissues in the craniofacial complex. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and inherent osteoconductive nature, their use as delivery systems for drugs and bioactive factors has several advantages. Of the three mineralized tissues in the craniofacial complex (bone, dentin, and enamel), only bone and dentin have some regenerative properties that can diminish due to disease and severe injuries. Therefore, targeting these regenerative tissues with CaP delivery systems carrying relevant drugs, morphogenic factors, and ions is imperative to improve tissue health in the mineralized tissue engineering field. In this review, the use of CaP-based microparticles, nanoparticles, and polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILPs) amorphous CaP nanodroplets for delivery to craniofacial bone and dentin are discussed. The use of these various form factors to obtain either a high local concentration of cargo at the macroscale and/or to deliver cargos precisely to nanoscale structures is also described. Finally, perspectives on the field using these CaP materials and next steps for the future delivery to the craniofacial complex are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darnell
L. Cuylear
- Graduate
Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States
| | - Nafisa A. Elghazali
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,UC
Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sunil D. Kapila
- Section
of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, United States
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Graduate
Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94143-2520, United States,UC
Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California 94143, United States,Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94143-2520, United States,School
of
Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang G, Liu SY, Qiu D, Dong YM. Effect of a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer on root fracture resistance ability. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:27-33. [PMID: 36643269 PMCID: PMC9831823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The root fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth is decreased significantly, and it is more likely to fracture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel root canal sealer based on bioactive glass (BG) on root fracture resistance and explore its mechanism. Materials and methods The BG-based root canal sealer (BG Sealer) was prepared by mixing a kind of bioactive glass (10.8% P2O5, 54.2% SiO2, 35% CaO, mol.%, named PSC), zirconia (ZrO2) powder, sodium alginate (SA) and phosphate solution (PS). A pH meter was used to measure the pH of simulated body fluid (SBF) after immersion with BG Sealer at different time. After preparing the samples of BG sealer with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 6 mm, the compressive strength was tested by a universal testing machine. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to detect and analyze the mineral status of root canal systems filled with BG Sealer. The push out test was used to measure the push out bond strength of BG Sealer. The fracture resistance of root canals filled with BG Sealer was detected by the compressive loading test. Bioceramic root canal sealer iRoot SP was set as the control group. Results (1) Physicochemical properties: The pH value of SBF immersed with BG Sealer increased slightly up to 7.68, while the pH of SBF immersed with iRoot SP increased to 12.08. The compressive strength of the novel BG Sealer was 4.62 ± 1.70 MPa, which was lower than that of iRoot SP (P < 0.05). (2) Mineralization: The hydroxyapatite layers were observed on the surface of BG Sealer and iRoot SP after being immersed in SBF for 4 weeks. BG Sealer and iRoot SP were both able to penetrate into the dentin tubules, duplicate the morphology of root canals well, and form a layer of hydroxyapatite. (3) Adhesion to dentin: There was no significant difference between the push out bond strength of the novel BG Sealer and iRoot SP (P > 0.05). (4) Fracture resistance: After immersion in SBF for 4 weeks, the fracture resistance of roots filled with BG Sealer and iRoot SP was 454.16 ± 155.39 N and 445.50 ± 164.73 N, respectively, both of which were not statistically different from that of the roots unprepared and unfilled (394.07 ± 62.12 N) (P > 0.05), whereas higher than that of the roots prepared and unfilled (235.36 ± 83.80 N) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The novel BG Sealer has good adhesion to the root dentin, can penetrate into the dentin tubules to generate minerals, and meanwhile can improve the fracture resistance of the roots after root canal treatment. It is expected to be a bioactive root canal sealer with good clinical application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China,Corresponding author. Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Turkay EY, Kargul B, Aydinoglu AK, Yoruc ABH. Evaluation of different remineralization agents in the treatment of natural caries-affected dentin in permanent teeth. Biomed Mater Eng 2023; 34:133-142. [PMID: 36120758 DOI: 10.3233/bme-221396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the preventive treatment protocol, providing remineralization of the tissue in demineralized dentin caries is an important step. OBJECTIVE In this in vitro study, the effectiveness of remineralization agents in natural caries-affected dentin (NCAD) were investigated. METHODS Forty caries slices were prepared from permanent molar dentin with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS 2) (Code 3). The interventions with 8 days pH cycling were as follows: Deionized water (DW); 5% Sodium Fluoride (5% NaF) Varnish; Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate (CPP-ACFP); Calcium Glyserophosphate (CaGP) + Magnesium (Mg) + Xylitol. DIAGNOdent (Laser Fluorescence, LF), Surface Microhardness (SMH), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy measurements were calculated before and after pH cycling. RESULTS LF values decreased between 5% NaF, CCP-ACFP and CaGP. NCAD treated with 5% NaF, CaGP and CCP-ACFP exhibited statistically higher hardness compared to the control group. After 5% NaF application, SMH values were significantly higher than the others. There was no statistically significant difference between baseline and after pH cycling hardness of the control group. After cycling, XRF showed that Ca and P concentrations were increased in all groups. CONCLUSION The application of agents used in the study could be recommended and promoted as a treatment option of caries dentin for conventional management of caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Kargul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysu Karakas Aydinoglu
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Chemistry and Metallurgy Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruc
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Chemistry and Metallurgy Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aprillia I, Alinda SD, Suprastiwi E. Efficacy of Rice Husk Nanosilica as A Caries Treatment (Dentin Hydroxyapatite and Antimicrobial Analysis). Eur J Dent 2022; 16:875-879. [PMID: 35728609 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rice husk nanosilica has a porous, amorphous structure with a silica (SiO2) surface. Silica interacts with calcium ions to form hydroxyapatite and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which harm microorganisms. This research determines the effect of rice husk nanosilica on the increase in dentin hydroxyapatite and its antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We divided 27 dental cavity samples into three groups (n = 9). Group 1: normal dentin, Group 2: demineralized dentin, Group 3: demineralized dentin treated with rice husk nanosilica. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite. To analyze the viability of S. mutans after exposure to 2% nanosilica rice husk, we conducted an antimicrobial MTT assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The Kruskal-Wallis test evaluates the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite, and the t-test evaluates the viability of S. mutans. RESULTS There was an increase in the amount of dentin hydroxyapatite after the application of rice husk nanosilica compared with the control group (normal dentin), and 2% rice husk nanosilica had an antimicrobial effect (p < 0.005) in the group exposed to it. CONCLUSION Rice husk nanosilica can induce the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite and has antimicrobial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iffi Aprillia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sylva Dinie Alinda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borompiyasawat P, Putraphan B, Luangworakhun S, Sukarawan W, Techatharatip O. Chlorhexidine gluconate enhances the remineralization effect of high viscosity glass ionomer cement on dentin carious lesions in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:60. [PMID: 35248048 PMCID: PMC8898514 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To compare the mean mineral density (MMD) and examine the remineralization of carious dentin after cavity disinfection with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and restoration with high viscosity glass ionomer cement (H-GIC) in vitro.
Methods
Selective caries removal to leathery dentin was performed in 40 extracted primary molars. The samples were scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to determine the MMD baseline and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): Equia™ group, applied dentin conditioner and restored with H-GIC (Equia Forte™), CHX-Equia™ group, disinfected the cavity with 2% CHX before applying dentin conditioner and restored with H-GIC (Equia Forte™), Ketac™ group, restored with H-GIC (Ketac Universal™) and CHX-Ketac™ group, disinfected the cavity with 2% CHX before restored with H-GIC (Ketac Universal™). The samples underwent micro-CT scanning post-restoration and post-pH-cycling to determine their respective MMDs. One sample from each group was randomly selected to analyze by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results
The MMD gain in the 4 groups post-restoration was significantly different between the Equia™ and CHX-Ketac™ groups (oneway ANOVA with Post hoc (Tukey) test, P = 0.045). There was a significant difference in MMD gain post-restoration between the Equia™ and CHX-Equia™ groups (Independent t-test, P = 0.046). However, the Ketac™ and CHX-Ketac™ group’s MMD were similar. The SEM images revealed that the CHX-Ketac™ group had the smallest dentinal tubule orifices and the thickest intertubular dentin among the groups. However, the CHX-Equia™ group had thicker intertubular dentin than the Equia™ group.
Conclusion
Applying 2% CHX on demineralized dentin enhances the remineralization of the dentin beneath the restoration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Toledano M, Toledano-Osorio M, Hannig M, Carrasco-Carmona Á, Osorio MT, García-Godoy F, Cabello I, Osorio R. Zn-containing Adhesives Facilitate Collagen Protection and Remineralization at the Resin-Dentin Interface: A Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030642. [PMID: 35160631 PMCID: PMC8840460 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the literature assessing the potential effectiveness of doping dentin polymeric adhesives with zinc compounds in order to improve bonding efficacy, remineralization and protection against degradation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI and Web of Science. Through our search, we found literature demonstrating that Zn-doped dentin adhesives promote protection and remineralization of the resin-dentin interfaces. The increased bioactivity has also facilitated dentinal tubules' occlusion by crystals' precipitation contributing to improved sealing efficacy of restorations. Loading dentin adhesives with zinc gives rise to an increase of both crystallinity of mineral and crosslinking of collagen. The main role of zinc, in dentin adhesives, is to inhibit collagen proteolysis. We concluded that zinc exerts a protective effect through binding at the collagen-sensitive cleavage sites of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), contributing to dentin matrix stabilization. Zinc may not only act as a MMPs inhibitor, but also influence signaling pathways and stimulate metabolic effects in dentin mineralization and remineralization processes. Zn-doped adhesives increase the longevity of dentin bonding through MMPs inhibition. Zn poses a remineralization strategy in demineralized dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18017 Granada, Spain; (M.T.); (Á.C.-C.); (R.O.)
| | - Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18017 Granada, Spain; (M.T.); (Á.C.-C.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-789
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;
| | - Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona
- Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18017 Granada, Spain; (M.T.); (Á.C.-C.); (R.O.)
| | | | - Franklin García-Godoy
- Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, 875 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 381632110, USA;
| | - Inmaculada Cabello
- Integral Pediatric Dentistry Teaching Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
- Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18017 Granada, Spain; (M.T.); (Á.C.-C.); (R.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Putranto AW, Suprastiwi E, Meidyawati R, Agusnar H. Characterization of Novel Cement-Based Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:809-814. [PMID: 35016237 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze, evaluate, and characterize novel cement-based carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The three cement groups studied were gypsum (Gyp), and CMC/ACP-gypsum cement-based 5% (5% CAG) and 10% (10% CAG). The groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. The characterization results were analyzed qualitatively, but the data for setting time were analyzed using SPSS (p < 0.05). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey. RESULTS FTIR showed phosphate groups indicate the presence of calcium phosphate in the form of amorphous (ACP) in the CMC/ACP, CMC/ACP post-milled powder, and CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG). XRD showed no difference in the diffraction spectra among the Gyp, 5% CAG, and 10% CAG groups. SEM images revealed that the CMC/ACP cement-based groups (5% CAG and 10% CAG) showed CMC/ACP cluster filled with hollow spaces between the gypsum crystals and aggregations surrounding the gypsum crystals. The CMC/ACP showed envelopes and attached to the crystalline structures of the gypsum. Setting times of 5% CAG and 10% CAG showed significant differences compared with Gyp (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The result of our study showed that CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG) demonstrated amorphous characteristic, which can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate group (ACP). In addition, the modification of gypsum using CMC/ACP as cement-based extended the time of setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Wisnu Putranto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Meidyawati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harry Agusnar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nahórny S, de Oliveira IR, Soares LES. Biomineralization induced by chitosan and collagen-based materials with fluoride for dentin coverage: Chemical and morphological analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1089-1100. [PMID: 34741774 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of erosive tooth wear are becoming increasingly important due to its increasing prevalence. The use of natural solutions to modify dental surfaces has become an area of research. Organic materials such as chitosan and hydrolyzed collagen may be a promising option to treat dentin. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of chitosan or hydrolyzed collagen, alone or combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, on the composition and morphology of dentin after erosion. Bovine dentin samples were prepared (n = 84) and treated with artificial saliva (AS, negative control); APF gel (F, positive control); chitosan solution (Chi); hydrolyzed collagen solution (Col); fluoride/chitosan composition (F_Chi); and fluoride/hydrolyzed collagen composition (F_Col). Erosive cycles (six cycles of immersion in orange juice for 1 min, followed by immersion in AS for 1 hr) were performed. The materials were characterized by their morphology, composition, and particle size distribution. Micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron were used to evaluate the dentin's inorganic chemical composition and morphology. The F_Col and F groups had a reduction in calcium loss by 17 and 26%, respectively (p < .001). Both of these groups still had a covering layer of agglomerates at the dentin surface after the erosive cycles. The fluoridated chitosan or collagen solutions improved the dentin resistance to erosion as a novel hybrid-fluoride-based material approach to provide surface protection from erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidnei Nahórny
- Laboratorio de Odontologia e Materiais Aplicados, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP8D, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Ceramicas Avancadas, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP8D), Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivone Regina de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Ceramicas Avancadas, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP8D), Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Laboratorio de Odontologia e Materiais Aplicados, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP8D, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu L, Wang Q, Li Y, Yang M, Dong M, He X, Zheng S, Cao CY, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Li QL. A Dopamine Acrylamide Molecule for Promoting Collagen Biomimetic Mineralization and Regulating Crystal Growth Direction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39142-39156. [PMID: 34433244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of the intra/interfibrillar mineralized collagen microstructure is extremely important in biomaterial science and regeneration medicine. However, certain problems, such as low efficiency and long period of mineralization, are apparent, and the mechanism of interfibrillar mineralization is often neglected in the present literature. Thus, we propose a novel model of biomimetic collagen mineralization that uses molecules with the dual function of cross-linking collagen and regulating collagen mineralization to construct the intrafibrillar and interfibrillar collagen mineralization of the structure of mineralized collagen hard tissues. In the present study completed in vitro, N-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylamide (DAA) is used to bind and cross-link collagen molecules and further stabilize the self-assembled collagen fibers. The DAA-collagen complex provides more affinity with calcium and phosphate ions, which can reduce the calcium phosphate/collagen interfacial energy to promote hydroxyapatite (HA) nucleation and accelerate the rate of collagen fiber mineralization. Besides inducing intrafibrillar mineralization, the DAA-collagen complex mineralization template can realize interfibrillar mineralization with the c-axis of the HA crystal on the surface of collagen fibers and between fibers that are parallel to the long axis of collagen fibers. The DAA-collagen complex, as a new type of mineralization template, may provide a new collagen mineralization strategy to produce a mineralized scaffold material for tissue engineering or develop bone-like materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leping Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Menglu Dong
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shunli Zheng
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chris Ying Cao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48208-2576, United States
| | - Yuancong Zhao
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Quan-Li Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nambiar S, Kumari M, Mathew S, Hegde S, Ramesh P, Shetty N. Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite with biomimetic analogues on the characteristics of partially demineralised dentin: An in-vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:385-389. [PMID: 35229780 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_705_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on dentin remineralisation protocols in particular 'biomimetic remineralisation' has gained huge momentum. Aim of this study was to evaluate if biomimetic analogs, incorporated in n-HAp, as an experimental formulation could aid in remineralization of artificial caries-like dentin and have anti-microbial effect on cariogenic bacteria, S mutans. Materials and Methodology An experimental paste was formulated using nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) with Non-Collagenous Protein analogs- polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium tri-poly phosphate (STPP) with Simulated Body Fluid. Partially demineralised dentin specimens were divided into three groups (n=10) based on the remineralisation treatment as, Group A- n-HAp paste, Group B- n-HAp and NCP analogues and Group C (Control) - no treatment. At the end of the experimental period, the specimens were assessed using SEM-EDS analysis and Vickers microhardness testing. Further, the antimicrobial efficacy of the paste was assessed. Statistical Analysis The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Results Dentin specimens treated with the experimental paste revealed greater tubular occlusion, with intra tubular deposits and increased mineral content. Specimens treated with n-HAp alone had higher microhardness values and inhibitory effect on the cariogenic bacteria. Conclusion Non-Collagenous Protein analogs incorporated in n-HAp could remineralize the demineralised dentin and had antibacterial efficacy against S mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Nambiar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohini Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sylvia Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaroop Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yi Q, Feng X, Zhang C, Wang X, Wu X, Wang J, Cui F, Wang S. Comparison of dynamic mechanical properties of dentin between deciduous and permanent teeth. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:402-410. [PMID: 32308055 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1758684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Even though differences between deciduous and permanent dentin have been widely studied, their dynamic mechanical behavior has never been compared. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences between deciduous and permanent dentin under cyclic mechanical loading, which is similar to masticatory stress.Materials and Methods: Deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively from children (9 ~ 12 years old) and young people (18 ~ 25 years old), were wet-sectioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and the central specimens of coronal dentin were evaluated by nanoscopic dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA).Results: The average storage, loss, and complex moduli, as well as the hardness of deciduous dentin were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of permanent dentin. Moreover, the tan δ value of permanent dentin was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of deciduous dentin across the loading frequency range, indicating that viscoelastic behavior and loss of elastic energy were significantly reduced in the stiffer permanent dentin. All the nanoDMA responses showed a significant influence of the dynamic loading frequency (p < 0.05): Both deciduous and permanent dentin showed reduced viscoelasticty with increased loading frequencies.Conclusions: Compared with deciduous dentin, permanent dentin exhibits higher stiffness with reduced energy loss during deformation, and therefore superior mechanical characteristics for the mastication process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Shangsha, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Methodology to Quantify and Screen the Demineralization of Teeth by Immersing Them in Acidic Drinks (Orange Juice, Coca-Cola™, and Grape Juice): Evaluation by ICP OES. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113337. [PMID: 34206102 PMCID: PMC8199518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral health problems may occur as a result of the ingestion of acid drinks. The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify and screen the concentration of potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), barium (Ba), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and vanadium (V) released from bovine incisors during an erosive challenge at different times of exposure when immersed in Coca-Cola™, orange juice, and grape juice. A total of 240 samples of bovine incisor teeth were used for the erosive challenge and allocated in groups. Digestion of drinks was performed using microwave-assisted digestion. The content in acidic drinks was monitored before and after the erosive challenge at exposure times of 1, 5, and 60 min using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The drinks’ pH varied slightly during the erosive challenge but remained below the critical value of pH 5 to cause tooth demineralization. The concentrations of elements released from the bovine incisors during the in vitro erosive challenge depend on exposure times when immersed in acidic beverages. For some elements such as Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ba, Pb, As, and Cd, quantified in acidic drinks, grape juice had greater erosive potential than Coca-Cola™ and orange juice. Quantification and monitoring of chemical elements in bovine teeth can be performed considering a longer erosive time and other types of acidic drinks. Further analysis using human teeth is still not available and must be conducted. The demineralization of teeth not only occurs in acidic beverages; physical and chemical factors play other roles and should be investigated.
Collapse
|
31
|
Bim-Júnior O, Curylofo-Zotti F, Reis M, Alania Y, Lisboa-Filho PN, Bedran-Russo AK. Surface-Directed Mineralization of Fibrous Collagen Scaffolds in Simulated Body Fluid for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2514-2522. [PMID: 35014369 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymer additives that stabilize fluidic amorphous calcium phosphate is key to obtaining intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen in vitro. On the other hand, this biomimetic approach inhibits the nucleation of mineral crystals in unconfined extrafibrillar spaces, that is, extrafibrillar mineralization. The extrafibrillar mineral content is a significant feature to replicate from hard connective tissues such as bone and dentin as it contributes to the final microarchitecture and mechanical stiffness of the biomineral composite. Herein, we report a straightforward route to produce densely mineralized collagenous composites via a surface-directed process devoid of the aid of polymer additives. Simulated body fluid (1×) is employed as a biomimetic crystallizing medium, following a preloading procedure on the collagen surface to quickly generate the amorphous precursor species required to initiate matrix mineralization. This approach consistently leads to the formation of extrafibrillar bioactive minerals in bulk collagen scaffolds, which may offer an advantage in the production of osteoconductive collagen-apatite materials for tissue engineering and repair purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odair Bim-Júnior
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee 53233, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee 53233, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Mariana Reis
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee 53233, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Yvette Alania
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee 53233, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paulo N Lisboa-Filho
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee 53233, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Toledano M, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Aguilera FS, Osorio MT, Osorio E, Osorio R. Polymeric zinc-doped nanoparticles for high performance in restorative dentistry. J Dent 2021; 107:103616. [PMID: 33636241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to state the different applications and the effectiveness of polymeric zinc-doped nanoparticles to achieve dentin remineralization. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. A narrative exploratory review was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS Polymeric nanospheres (NPs) were efficiently loaded with zinc. NPs sequestered calcium and phosphate in the presence of silicon, and remained effectively embedded at the hybrid layer. NPs incorporation did not alter bond strength and inhibited MMP-mediated dentin collagen degradation. Zn-loaded NPs remineralized the hybrid layer inducing a generalized low-carbonate substitute apatite precipitation, chemically crystalline with some amorphous components, and an increase in mechanical properties was also promoted. Viscoelastic analysis determined that dentin infiltrated with Zn-NPs released the stress by breaking the resin-dentin interface and creating specific mineral formations in response to the energy dissipation. Bacteria were scarcely encountered at the resin-dentin interface. The combined antibacterial and remineralizing effects, when Zn-NPs were applied, reduced biofilm formation. Zn-NPs application at both cervical and radicular dentin attained the lowest microleakage and also promoted durable sealing ability. The new zinc-based salt minerals generated covered the dentin surface totally occluding cracks, porosities and dentinal tubules. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Zinc-doped NPs are proposed for effective dentin remineralization and tubular occlusion. This offers new strategies for regeneration of eroded cervical dentin, effective treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and in endodontically treated teeth previous to the canal filling. Zn-NPs also do reduce biofilm formation due to antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Marta Vallecillo-Rivas
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - María T Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section. Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chiang YC, Wang YC, Kung JC, Shih CJ. Antibacterial silver-containing mesoporous bioglass as a dentin remineralization agent in a microorganism-challenged environment. J Dent 2021; 106:103563. [PMID: 33482245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a suitable material capable of treating dentin hypersensitivity with simultaneous active antibacterial activity. METHODS We developed silver-containing mesoporous bioglass (MBG-Ag) using the sol-gel technique, which loaded silver nanoparticles as promising bacteriostatic agents. The MBG-Ag with a powder-to-liquid ratio of 0.5 g: 0.01 mL were uniformly mixed with 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % phosphoric acid for 5, 10 and 20 min, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the occlusion efficiency, depth of penetration, and antibacterial activity of dentin specimens by simulating a Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) infection on dentin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the powders and assess tubule occlusion. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the MBG-Ag against S. mutans were determined via time-killing curves and colony formation assays. RESULTS The MIC ranged from 2.5 to 5 mg/mL, and the MBC ranged from 5 to 10 mg/mL. The highest dentinal tubule occlusion efficiency was over 90 %. The colony formation assay confirmed that 5 mg/mL MBG-Ag mixed with phosphoric acid reached the bactericidal concentration. CONCLUSION The MBG-Ag 40PA achieved a good occlusion efficiency and deep apatite precipitation in a short time, implying its superiority in clinical applications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The MBG-Ag formed in this study is a promising candidate for the treatment of demineralized dentin and confers antibacterial effects on the remineralized dentin surface against S. mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Chiang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ching Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chang Kung
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Division of Family Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jen Shih
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou Z, Zhang L, Li J, Shi Y, Wu Z, Zheng H, Wang Z, Zhao W, Pan H, Wang Q, Jin X, Zhang X, Tang R, Fu B. Polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes as a pre-precursor induce biomimetic mineralization of collagen. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:953-967. [PMID: 33367434 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes such as polyaspartic acid (PAsp) are critical in biomimetic mineralization as stabilizers of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors and as nucleation inhibitors similar to non-collagenous proteins (NCPs). Nevertheless, the application of polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes as a pre-precursor, such as PAsp-Ca complexes, in the mineralization of collagen is unexplored. Herein, we propose a polyelectrolyte-Ca complex pre-precursor (PCCP) process for collagen mineralization. By combining three-dimensional (3D) STORM, potential measurements, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that liquid-like electropositive PAsp-Ca complexes along with free calcium ions infiltrate electronegative collagen fibrils. The PAsp-Ca complexes are immobilized within the fibrils via chelation and hydrogen bonds, and outward movement of free calcium ions is prevented while phosphate and hydroxide are recruited through electrostatic attractions. Afterwards, ACP instantly forms and gradually crystallizes. The PCCP process not only unites two distinct crystallization pathways (classical (free Ca/P ions) and non-classical (polyelectrolyte-Ca complexes)), but also provides a novel strategy for rapid biomimetic mineralization of collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihuai Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wen Y, Wang J, Luo J, Yang J. Remineralization of dentine tubules induced by phosphate-terminated PAMAM dendrimers. Heliyon 2021; 6:e05886. [PMID: 33426349 PMCID: PMC7785847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various sealants have been developed to treat the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) and further dental hypersensitivity. Herein, the phosphate-terminated fourth generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-PO3H2) was successfully synthesized. Six duplicates of demineralized dentin and type I collagen matrix were incubated in artificial saliva solution with or without PAMAM-PO3H2 treatment at 37 °C for 2 weeks, respectively. The artificial saliva solution was replaced every day. These regenerated crystals on the surface of dentin and collagen matrix were confirmed to be hydroxyapatite (HAp). The approach thus demonstrates that PAMAM-PO3H2 can offer an efficient therapy for seal DTs in clinical dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Infection, The People's Hospital of Qiannan, Qiannan, 558000, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Substantial regional differences in the biomechanical behavior of molar treated with selective caries tissue removal technique: a finite element study. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e162-e175. [PMID: 33358015 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selective caries removal (SCR) is recommended over non-selective removal for managing deep carious lesions to avoid pulp exposure and maintain pulp vitality. During SCR, residual carious dentin is left behind and sealed beneath the restoration. The biomechanical effects of such residual lesions on the restored tooth remain unclear and were assessed using finite element modeling (FEM). METHODS Based on μ-CT images of a healthy permanent human third molar, we developed five finite element models. Generic class I and II cavity restorations were modeled where residual lesions of variable sizes were either left or fully removed on occlusal and proximal surfaces. The cavities were restored with adhesive composite. All 3D-FE models were compared with a model of a healthy, non-treated molar. A vertical load of 100 N was applied onto the occlusal surface. RESULTS Regardless of the lesion size, in molars with occlusal lesions higher mean stresses were predicted along the filling-lesion interface than in all other models. The smallest occlusal lesion (Ø1 = 1 mm) resulted in the highest maximum stresses at the filling-lesion interface with large stress concentrations at the filling walls indicating failure risk. In conclusion, lesion site and extent are influencing parameters affecting the filling-lesion interactions and thus the biomechanical behavior of the tooth after SCR. SIGNIFICANCE Retaining carious lesions around the pulpal floor affects the deformation and stress states in tooth-filling complexes. The higher stresses observed in molars with occlusal lesions may affect restoration stability and longevity. Suprisingly, more extended occlusal lesions may provide a more favorable tooth performance than less extended ones. In contrast, in molars with proximal lesions the residual lesion had only limited effect on the tooth's biomechanical condition.
Collapse
|
37
|
Effect of conditioning and 1 year aging on the bond strength and interfacial morphology of glass-ionomer cement bonded to dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Zhao L, Sun J, Zhang C, Chen C, Chen Y, Zheng B, Pan H, Shao C, Jin B, Tang R, Gu X. Effect of aspartic acid on the crystallization kinetics of ACP and dentin remineralization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104226. [PMID: 33302092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen and non-collagen proteins are the main organic components of dentin. This study aimed to investigate the biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentin by aspartic acid (Asp), which is abundant in non-collagenous proteins (NCPs). Asp was added to a mineralizing solution containing polyacrylic acid (PAA) to explore the mechanism of Asp regulating the pure amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase transition process. The remineralization process and superstructure of the remineralized layer of demineralized dentin were evaluated and analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the biological stability of the remineralized layer was investigated by collagenase degradation experiment. It demonstrated that Asp promoted the crystallization kinetics of PAA-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite (HAP), and shortened the remineralization time of demineralized dentin from 7 days to 2 days. The newly formed remineralized dentin had similar morphology and biological stability to the natural dentin layer. The presence of a large number of Asp residues in NCPs promoted the phase transformation of ACP, and further revealed the mechanism of action of NCPs in dentin biomineralization. This experiment also showed that Asp promoted the biomimetic remineralization of dentin; the morphology and hierarchical structure of remineralized layer was similar to that of natural teeth, and had good biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Centre for Biopathways and Biomaterials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Centre for Biopathways and Biomaterials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Jin
- Centre for Biopathways and Biomaterials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Centre for Biopathways and Biomaterials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinhua Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cai J, Burrow MF, Manton DJ, Hardiman R, Palamara JEA. Remineralising effects of fluoride varnishes containing calcium phosphate on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin. Dent Mater 2020; 37:143-157. [PMID: 33267974 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the remineralising effects of fluoride (F) varnishes containing bioavailable calcium-phosphate compound (Ca-P) based remineralisation systems and 5000 ppm F toothpaste (FTP) on root caries lesions (RCLs) and the potential effects of proanthocyanidin (PA) for the treatments of RCLs when used as an adjunct to F regimens. METHODS Demineralised root dentine and a pH-cycling model were used to mimic RCLs and the oral environment. Remineralising effects of MI VarnishTM (MIV) containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Clinpro™ White Varnish (CPWV) containing tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) along with FTP and PA were evaluated regarding the birefringence, elemental composition, mechanical properties and mineral density of remineralised dentine with DuraphatTM as a comparison. RESULTS MIV, CPWV and DuraphatTM promoted the incorporation of F into RCLs and increased mineral density but did not change microhardness of root dentine significantly. Surface microhardness increased significantly when MIV or CPWV was used with 5000 ppm FTP. Application of PA with F regimens significantly increased subsurface mineral density. When PA was applied with MIV or CPWV along with FTP, the highest ion uptake and relative mineral gain (%ΔZ) was achieved, and significant increase of microhardness was up to 30 μm depth. Generally, MIV was associated with a higher mineral content gain than CPWV. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment of carious root surfaces remains challenging due to the complex pathological processes and difficulty in restoring the highly organised structure of root dentine. Treatment strategies targeting both remineralisation and preservation of the dentinal organic matrix have the potential to improve the fluoride-mediated remineralisation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, UMCG, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Hardiman
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Joseph E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
NURROHMAN H, HABELITZ S, SAEKI K, SADR A, GOWER LB, PAZDERNIK V, TAGAMI J, MARSHALL SJ, MARSHALL GW. Enhanced silver diamine fluoride therapy using the PILP method -A nanoindentation study. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:1009-1015. [PMID: 32624525 PMCID: PMC8376189 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) method to enhance silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy. One hundred forty micrometer deep artificial caries lesions were treated with (A) 38% SDF solution and (B) 38% SDF containing poly-L-aspartic acid (pASP). Changes in the nanomechanical profile across the lesion were evaluated. Hydrated artificial lesions had a low reduced elastic modulus (0.3 GPa) and nanohardness (0.02 GPa) region extending about 100 μm into the lesion, with a gradual linear increase to about 168 μm where the values plateaued to around 18 GPa/1.0 GPa. Topical application of SDF resulted in significantly recovered properties (p<0.001). SDF containing pASP resulted in greater nanomechanical properties compared to SDF alone, showing similar sloped regions up to 96 μm, then SDF alone dropped while SDF containing pASP continued at a modest slope until reaching normal at 144 μm. This nanoindentation study shows enhanced SDF therapy using the PILP method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid NURROHMAN
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St. Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stefan HABELITZ
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kuniko SAEKI
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alireza SADR
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 357456, Seatle, WA, 98195-7456, USA
| | - Laurie B. GOWER
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Florida, Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Vanessa PAZDERNIK
- Department of Research Support, A. T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St. Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sally J. MARSHALL
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Grayson W. MARSHALL
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zn-doping of silicate and hydroxyapatite-based cements: Dentin mechanobiology and bioactivity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104232. [PMID: 33290910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to state zinc contribution in the effectiveness of novel zinc-doped dentin cements to achieve dentin remineralization, throughout a literature or narrative exploratory review. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Both zinc-doping silicate and hydroxyapatite-based cements provoked an increase of both bioactivity and intrafibrillar mineralization of dentin. Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-based cements (oxipatite) also induced an increase in values of dentin nano-hardness, Young's modulus and dentin resistance to deformation. From Raman analyses, it was stated higher intensity of phosphate peaks and crystallinity as markers of dentin calcification, in the presence of zinc. Zinc-based salt formations produced low microleakage and permeability values with hermetically sealed tubules at radicular dentin. Dentin treated with oxipatite attained preferred crystal grain orientation with polycrystalline lattices. Thereby, oxipatite mechanically reinforced dentin structure, by remineralization. Dentin treated with oxipatite produced immature crystallites formations, accounting for high hydroxyapatite solubility, instability and enhanced remineralizing activity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abuna G, Campos P, Hirashi N, Giannini M, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Coelho Sinhoreti MA, Geraldeli S. The ability of a nanobioglass-doped self-etching adhesive to re-mineralize and bond to artificially demineralized dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 37:120-130. [PMID: 33229040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To a self-etch adhesive doped with nano-bioglass and evaluate its ability to bond and re-mineralize artificially demineralized dentin. METHODS Experimental Si, Ca, Na and PO4 based nanobioglass particles were synthesized, doped into experimental self-etch adhesives, and divided into 3 groups: Clearfi SE2 (CSE2), experimental (EXC), and experimental doped with 10% of nanobioglass (ExNB). The adhesives were applied onto the caries-affected dentin (chemically simulated), and evaluated after 24 h and 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. The remineralization process was assessed using optical coherence tomography, nanoindentation, in situ zymography, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, μ-tensile bond strength, and pH buffer. RESULTS The addition of nanobioglass particles into the experimental self-etch adhesives altered the μTBS in the short-term jeopardizing dentin bonding properties, when compared to the non-doped self-etch adhesive. The remineralization recovered the nanohardness, and volume lost by caries lesion (p = 0.02). Moreover, reduced the enzymatic activity (p = 1.24E-4) and formed new crystals within of the hybrid layer. CONCLUSION The use of nanobioglass was efficient to recover the properties of a caries affected dentin. Furthermore, the adhesive properties were not hampered and the probabilistic reliability increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Abuna
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; General Dentistry Department, Division of Biomedical Materials, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Paulo Campos
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noriko Hirashi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Funtional Science and Rehabiltation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- General Dentistry Department, Division of Biomedical Materials, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hong DW, Lin XJ, Wiegand A, Yu H. Does delayed toothbrushing after the consumption of erosive foodstuffs or beverages decrease erosive tooth wear? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4169-4183. [PMID: 33052542 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of delayed toothbrushing in decreasing erosive tooth wear (ETW). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of delayed toothbrushing on ETW. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200463). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched with no publication year limits. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. In situ and in vitro studies comparing ETW after delayed and immediate toothbrushing following an erosive attack were included. Review Manager software 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) was used for statistical analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. RESULTS Of the 565 potentially relevant studies, 26 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review, and 11 were included in the qualitative analyses. No significant difference in the ETW of human enamel was observed between delayed and immediate toothbrushing (P = 0.13), whereas significantly less ETW of bovine enamel was observed after delayed toothbrushing (P < 0.001). No significant difference in the ETW of bovine dentin was observed between delayed and immediate toothbrushing (P = 0.34). Studies on human dentin were not available. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant contribution of the use of fluoridated toothpaste to decreasing the ETW of human enamel after erosion and toothbrush abrasion (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Bovine and human teeth behaved differently in response to erosion and toothbrush abrasion. Delayed toothbrushing after an erosive attack was not effective at decreasing the ETW of human enamel compared to immediate toothbrushing, whereas it was effective at decreasing the ETW of bovine enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Delayed toothbrushing alone after the consumption of erosive foodstuffs or beverages is not capable of preventing erosive enamel wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jiao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Contemporary restorative ion-releasing materials: current status, interfacial properties and operative approaches. Br Dent J 2020; 229:450-458. [PMID: 33037365 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive (MI) concepts in restorative dentistry in the year 2020 request from the practitioner not only a scientifically supported rationale for carious tissue removal/excavation and defect-oriented, biological cavity preparation, but also a deep understanding of how to ensure a biomechanically stable and durable restoration in different clinical situations by applying different restorative options. Bio-interactive materials play an increasingly relevant role, as they not only replace diseased or lost tissue, but also optimise tissue mineral recovery (among other properties) when used in restorative and preventive dentistry. Indeed, this is of certain interest in MI restorative dentistry, especially in those cases where gap formation jeopardises the integrity of the margins along resin composite restorations, causing penetration of bacteria and eventually promoting the formation of secondary caries. Recently, the interest in whether ion-releasing materials may reduce such biofilm penetration into margin gaps and reduce such a risk for development and propagation of secondary caries is growing significantly among clinicians and scientists. The aim of this article was to explore mechanisms involved in the process that allow mineral deposition at the interface between such materials and dentine, and to describe how conventional 'bioactive' restorative materials currently available on the market may benefit treatments in MI dentistry.
Collapse
|
45
|
Gungormus M, Tulumbaci F. Peptide-assisted pre-bonding remineralization of dentin to improve bonding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104119. [PMID: 33035925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bonding with dentin is a complex process involving physical and chemical adhesion where the adhesive must be able to penetrate and envelop collagen fibers. Acid etching clears the dentin of debris, which prevents adhesives to interact with dentin. However, it also demineralizes the outermost surface of dentin and exposes collagen fibers. The mineral-free collagen is susceptible to collapse after drying and to proteolytic or microbial attack, ultimately impairing the bonding with dentin. To address this, we have attempted a pre-bonding rapid remineralization approach to recover the mineral content of etched dentin. We have used a mineralization-promoting peptide and high calcium/phosphate concentration to achieve this in a clinically applicable timeframe. Partial remineralization was confirmed via SEM and XRD analyses. The mechanical properties and the stability of the partially remineralized dentin were investigated via microhardness, collagen hydrolysis and shrinkage tests. The bonding properties were investigated via shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage tests. Pre-bonding remineralization of dentin with peptide for 10 min significantly increased the stiffness, resistance to hydrolysis and reduced shrinkage due to drying. SBS was increased with both an etch&rinse and a self-etch adhesive. However, pre-bonding remineralization resulted in reduced microleakage only with the etch&rinse adhesive. The described method is readily applicable to clinic since it is expected to add only 10 min to the procedure. Future in situ and/or in vivo studies will help to confirm the benefits observed in this in vitro study and allow optimize the parameters of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gungormus
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Tulumbaci
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Firouzmandi M, Vasei F, Giti R, Sadeghi H. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and proanthocyanidin on resistance of carious dentin to acid challenges. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238590. [PMID: 32941456 PMCID: PMC7498094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride and grape seed extract on the microstructure and mechanical properties of carious dentin following exposure to acidic challenge. Ninety-eight molars with occlusal caries were used. In the control group the specimens were kept in distilled water. In the GSE group, the specimens were immersed in 6.5% grape seed extract solution for 30 minutes. In the SDF group, the specimens were immersed in 30% SDF solution for 4 minutes. In the GSE+SDF group, the specimens were immersed in 6.5% grape seed extract solution for 30 minutes and then exposed to 30% SDF solution for 4 minutes. All the groups underwent pH cycling model for 8 days. Microhardness measurements were taken at the baseline before surface treatments and after pH cycling. Elastic modulus was measured, after pH cycling. In the control group, the final hardness was significantly lower than the initial hardness (P = 0.001). In the SDF group, the final hardness was significantly higher than the initial hardness (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the initial and final hardness values in the GSE and GSE + SDF groups (p = 0.92, p = 0.07). The H1-H0 in the SDF group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). Moreover, elastic modulus of the experimental groups except GSE+SDF group was significantly higher than control. The highest mean elastic modulus was detected in the SDF group (P<0.001). The use of SDF and GSE prior to the acid challenge improved mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation, using scanning electron microscope showed dentin structure protection against acid challenges with SDF treatment and collagen matrix stabilization with GSE treatment. However combined use of these agents was not beneficious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Firouzmandi
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Vasei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadis Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zafar MS, Amin F, Fareed MA, Ghabbani H, Riaz S, Khurshid Z, Kumar N. Biomimetic Aspects of Restorative Dentistry Biomaterials. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E34. [PMID: 32679703 PMCID: PMC7557867 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic has emerged as a multi-disciplinary science in several biomedical subjects in recent decades, including biomaterials and dentistry. In restorative dentistry, biomimetic approaches have been applied for a range of applications, such as restoring tooth defects using bioinspired peptides to achieve remineralization, bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials, and tissue engineering for regeneration. Advancements in the modern adhesive restorative materials, understanding of biomaterial-tissue interaction at the nano and microscale further enhanced the restorative materials' properties (such as color, morphology, and strength) to mimic natural teeth. In addition, the tissue-engineering approaches resulted in regeneration of lost or damaged dental tissues mimicking their natural counterpart. The aim of the present article is to review various biomimetic approaches used to replace lost or damaged dental tissues using restorative biomaterials and tissue-engineering techniques. In addition, tooth structure, and various biomimetic properties of dental restorative materials and tissue-engineering scaffold materials, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhmmad Amber Fareed
- Adult Restorative Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials and Prosthodontics Oman Dental College, Muscat 116, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samiya Riaz
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudia Arabia;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sayed M, Hiraishi N, Matin K, Abdou A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effect of silver-containing agents on the ultra-structural morphology of dentinal collagen. Dent Mater 2020; 36:936-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
49
|
Mocquot C, Attik N, Pradelle-Plasse N, Grosgogeat B, Colon P. Bioactivity assessment of bioactive glasses for dental applications: A critical review. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1116-1143. [PMID: 32605848 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of minimally invasive dentistry and tissue conservation, bioactive products are valuable. The aim of this review was to identify, clarify, and classify the methodologies used to quantify the bioactive glasses bioactivity. METHODS Specific search strategies were performed in electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Papers were selected after a review of their title, abstract, and full text. The following data were then examined for final selection: BAG investigated, objectives, criteria, methods, and outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-one studies published from 2001 to 2019, were included. The bioactivity of BAG can be evaluated in vitro in contact with solutions, enamel, dentin, or cells. Other studies have conducted in vivo evaluation by BAG contact with dentin and dental pulp. Studies have used various analysis techniques: evaluation of apatite with or without characterization or assessment of mechanical properties. Reprecipitation mechanisms and pulp cell stimulation are treated together through the term 'bioactivity'. SIGNIFICANCE Based on these results, we suggested a classification of methodologies for a better understanding of the bioactive properties of BAG. According to all in vitro studies, BAG appear to be bioactive materials. No consensus has been reached on the results of in vivo studies, and no comparison has been conducted between protocols to assess the bioactivity of other bioactive competitor products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mocquot
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France.
| | - Nina Attik
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Nelly Pradelle-Plasse
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ubaldini ALM, Pascotto RC, Sato F, Soares VO, Zanotto ED, Baesso ML. Effects of Bioactive Agents on Dentin Mineralization Kinetics After Dentin Bleaching. Oper Dent 2020; 45:286-296. [DOI: 10.2341/18-272-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
This study evaluated effects of Bioglass 45S5 (BG) and Biosilicate (BS) remineralization on the chemical composition and bond strength of control dentin (CD) and bleached dentin (BD) surfaces.
Methods and Materials:
Dentin bleaching treatment was performed using the walking bleaching technique with 0.01 g of sodium perborate and 0.5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide for 14 days. Remineralization treatment was carried out by rubbing a remineralization solution (0.015 g of BG or BS diluted in 1.35 mL of distilled water) on the etched dentin surface for 30 seconds. Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was used to quantitatively analyze the mineral matrix ratios of CD and BD (n=5) after remineralization treatment with BG and BS over 15 days of incubation in artificial saliva. The CD and BD discs (n=10) with and without remineralization treatment with BG and BS were restored using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Optibond S, Kerr) and five layers of 1-mm-thick composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). The restored dentin discs were sectioned into nine bonded beams with cross-sectional areas of approximately 0.9 mm2 and tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). The dentin surface of one fractured beam per tooth was submitted to MRS to characterize the physicochemical composition (n=10) at the interface. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (p<0.005).
Results:
MRS bioactive analyses revealed that both BG and BS promoted increased mineral matrix ratios in the CD and BD. Significantly higher μTBS values were found after CD treatment with BG (CD: 57 MPa±11; CD-BG: 78 MPa±15) and when BG and BS were applied to the BD (BD: 42 MPa±5; BD-BG: 71 MPa±14; BD-BS: 64 MPa±11) (p<0.005). The MRS analysis of the fractured dentin beam showed that the remineralization treatment significantly increased the dentin relative mineral concentration and promoted the appearance of new interface peaks, indicating a chemical interaction (p<0.005).
Conclusion:
Remineralization of BD is an effective therapy to restore damage caused by dentin bleaching and acid conditioning. This approach not only increases dentin mineral compounds but also improves dentin's ability to interact chemically with the adhesive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ALM Ubaldini
- Adriana Lemos Mori Ubaldini, DDS, PhD, Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - RC Pascotto
- Renata Corrêa Pascotto, DDS, PhD, Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - F Sato
- Francielle Sato, PhD, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - VO Soares
- Viviane Oliveira Soares, PhD, Department of Science, State University of Maringá, Goioerê, PR, Brazil
| | - ED Zanotto
- Edgar Dutra Zanotto, PhD, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - ML Baesso
- Mauro Luciano Baesso, PhD, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|