1
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Tsubouchi S, Tsukamoto Y, Ishikawa A, Shigemori R, Kato D, Shibazaki T, Mori S, Nakada T, Odaka M, Ohtsuka T. Surgical treatment for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer: a retrospective case series. Surg Case Rep 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38797816 PMCID: PMC11128415 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-024-01927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastases of ovarian cancer are rarely detected alone. The effectiveness of surgical intervention for pulmonary metastases from ovarian cancer remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing resection for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer. CASE PRESENTATION The clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of radical surgery for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were investigated. Out of 537 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasis resection at two affiliated hospitals between 2010 and 2021, four (0.74%) patients who underwent radical surgery for pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were included. The patients were aged 67, 47, 21, and 59 years; the intervals from primary surgery to detection of pulmonary metastasis from ovarian cancer were 94, 21, 36, and 50 months; and the overall survival times after pulmonary metastasectomy were 53, 50, 94, and 34 months, respectively. Three of the four patients experienced recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy. Further, preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 levels were normal in two surviving patients and elevated in the two deceased patients. CONCLUSION In this study, three of the four patients experienced recurrence after pulmonary metastasectomy, but all patients survived for > 30 months after surgery. Patients with ovarian cancer and elevated CA125 levels may not be optimal candidates for pulmonary metastasectomy. To establish appropriate criteria for pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with ovarian cancer, further research on a larger patient cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tsubouchi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Yo Tsukamoto
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Ai Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shigemori
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita Kashiwashi, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Takamasa Shibazaki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Shohei Mori
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita Kashiwashi, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakada
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Makoto Odaka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita Kashiwashi, Chiba, 277-8567, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishinbashi 3-19-18, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
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2
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Casey NP, Kleinmanns K, Forcados C, Gelebart PF, Joaquina S, Lode M, Benard E, Kaveh F, Caulier B, Helgestad Gjerde C, García de Jalón E, Warren DJ, Lindemann K, Rokkones E, Davidson B, Myhre MR, Kvalheim G, Bjørge L, McCormack E, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. Efficient CAR T cell targeting of the CA125 extracellular repeat domain of MUC16. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008179. [PMID: 38604812 PMCID: PMC11015285 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the Western world. Contributing factors include a high frequency of late-stage diagnosis, the development of chemoresistance, and the evasion of host immune responses. Currently, debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the treatment cornerstones, although recurrence is common. As the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade is low, new immunotherapeutic strategies are needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy empowers patients' own T cells to fight and eradicate cancer, and has been tested against various targets in OC. A promising candidate is the MUC16 ectodomain. This ectodomain remains on the cell surface after cleavage of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), the domain distal from the membrane, which is currently used as a serum biomarker for OC. CA125 itself has not been tested as a possible CAR target. In this study, we examined the suitability of the CA125 as a target for CAR T cell therapy. METHODS We tested a series of antibodies raised against the CA125 extracellular repeat domain of MUC16 and adapted them to the CAR format. Comparisons between these candidates, and against an existing CAR targeting the MUC16 ectodomain, identified K101 as having high potency and specificity. The K101CAR was subjected to further biochemical and functional tests, including examination of the effect of soluble CA125 on its activity. Finally, we used cell lines and advanced orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to validate, in vivo, the efficiency of our K101CAR construct. RESULTS We observed a high efficacy of K101CAR T cells against cell lines and patient-derived tumors, in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that K101CAR functionality was not impaired by the soluble antigen. Finally, in direct comparisons, K101CAR, which targets the CA125 extracellular repeat domains, was shown to have similar efficacy to the previously validated 4H11CAR, which targets the MUC16 ectodomain. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo results, including PDX studies, demonstrate that the CA125 domain of MUC16 represents an excellent target for treating MUC16-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrin Kleinmanns
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Forcados
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal F Gelebart
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martine Lode
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmanuelle Benard
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christiane Helgestad Gjerde
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvira García de Jalón
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Rokkones
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Renee Myhre
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Stephens AN, Hobbs SJ, Kang SW, Oehler MK, Jobling TW, Allman R. ReClassification of Patients with Ambiguous CA125 for Optimised Pre-Surgical Triage. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 38611584 PMCID: PMC11011550 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-surgical clinical assessment of an adnexal mass is a complex process, and ideally requires accurate and rapid identification of disease status. Gold standard biomarker CA125 is extensively used off-label for this purpose; however its performance is typically inadequate, particularly for the detection of early stage disease and discrimination between benign versus malignant status. We recently described a multi-marker panel (MMP) and associated risk index for the differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian disease. In this study we applied a net reclassification approach to assess the use of MMP index to rescue those cases where low CA125 incorrectly excludes cancer diagnoses, or where benign disease is incorrectly assessed as "high risk" due to elevated CA125. Reclassification of such patients is of significant value to assist in the timely and accurate referral for patients where CA125 titer is uninformative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Simon J. Hobbs
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Sung-Woog Kang
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tom W. Jobling
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East 3165, Australia;
| | - Richard Allman
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
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4
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Ban D, Housley SN, Matyunina LV, McDonald LD, Bae-Jump VL, Benigno BB, Skolnick J, McDonald JF. A personalized probabilistic approach to ovarian cancer diagnostics. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 182:168-175. [PMID: 38266403 PMCID: PMC10960662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification/development of a machine learning-based classifier that utilizes metabolic profiles of serum samples to accurately identify individuals with ovarian cancer. METHODS Serum samples collected from 431 ovarian cancer patients and 133 normal women at four geographic locations were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Reliable metabolites were identified using recursive feature elimination coupled with repeated cross-validation and used to develop a consensus classifier able to distinguish cancer from non-cancer. The probabilities assigned to individuals by the model were used to create a clinical tool that assigns a likelihood that an individual patient sample is cancer or normal. RESULTS Our consensus classification model is able to distinguish cancer from control samples with 93% accuracy. The frequency distribution of individual patient scores was used to develop a clinical tool that assigns a likelihood that an individual patient does or does not have cancer. CONCLUSIONS An integrative approach using metabolomic profiles and machine learning-based classifiers has been employed to develop a clinical tool that assigns a probability that an individual patient does or does not have ovarian cancer. This personalized/probabilistic approach to cancer diagnostics is more clinically informative and accurate than traditional binary (yes/no) tests and represents a promising new direction in the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjo Ban
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lilya V Matyunina
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - L DeEtte McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, 3009 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benedict B Benigno
- Ovarian Cancer Institute, 1266 W. Paces Ferry Rd NW #339, Atlanta, GA 30327, USA
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Ovarian Cancer Institute, 1266 W. Paces Ferry Rd NW #339, Atlanta, GA 30327, USA; Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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5
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Wang CW, Hanson EK, Minkoff L, Whelan RJ. Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM220191. [PMID: 37248884 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance in the clinical management of ovarian cancer, the CA125 biomarker - located on the mucin protein MUC16 - is still not completely understood. Questions remain about MUC16's function and structure, specifically the identity and location of the CA125 epitopes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the interaction of individual recombinant repeats from the tandem repeat domain of MUC16 with antibodies used in the clinical CA125 II test. METHODS Using E. coli expression, we isolated nine repeats from the putative antigenic domain of CA125. Amino acid composition of recombinant repeats was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We characterized the binding of four antibodies - OC125, M11, "OC125-like," and "M11-like" - to nine recombinant repeats using Western blotting, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Each recombinant repeat was recognized by a different combination of CA125 antibodies. OC125 and "OC125-like" antibodies did not bind the same set of recombinant repeats, nor did M11 and "M11-like" antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the interactions between MUC16 recombinant repeats and CA125 antibodies will contribute to ongoing efforts to identify the CA125 epitopes and improve our understanding of this important biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Eliza K Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Lisa Minkoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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6
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Wang CW, Hanson EK, Minkoff L, Whelan RJ. Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527749. [PMID: 36798296 PMCID: PMC9934600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance in the clinical management of ovarian cancer, the CA125 biomarker-located on the mucin protein MUC16-is still not completely understood. Questions remain about MUC16's function and structure, specifically the identity and location of the CA125 epitopes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the interaction of individual recombinant repeats from the tandem repeat domain of MUC16 with antibodies used in the clinical CA125 II test. METHODS Using E. coli expression, we isolated nine repeats from the putative antigenic domain of CA125. Amino acid composition of recombinant repeats was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We characterized the binding of four antibodies-OC125, M11, "OC125-like," and "M11-like"-to nine recombinant repeats using Western blotting, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Each recombinant repeat was recognized by a different combination of CA125 antibodies. OC125 and "OC125-like" antibodies did not bind the same set of recombinant repeats, nor did M11 and "M11-like" antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the interactions between MUC16 recombinant repeats and CA125 antibodies will contribute to ongoing efforts to identify the CA125 epitopes and improve our understanding of this important biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Eliza K. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Lisa Minkoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America,Corresponding author: Rebecca J. Whelan, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building 220E, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America. Tel.: + 1-785-864-4670;
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7
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Sharma T, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil AAS, Pandita TK, Singh M, Bhat AA. Current and emerging biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis; CA125 and beyond. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:85-114. [PMID: 36707207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Its five-year survival rates are worse than the two most common gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial. This is because it is asymptomatic in the early stages and usually detected in the advanced metastasized stage. Thus, survival is increasingly dependent on timely diagnosis. The delay in detection is contributed partly by the occurrence of non-specific clinical symptoms in the early stages and the lack of effective biomarkers and detection approaches. This underlines the need for biomarker identification and clinical validation, enabling earlier diagnosis, effective prognosis, and response to therapy. Apart from the traditional diagnostic biomarkers for OC, several new biomarkers have been delineated using advanced high-throughput molecular approaches in recent years. They are currently being clinically evaluated for their true diagnostic potential. In this chapter, we document the commonly utilized traditional screening markers and recently identified emerging biomarkers in OC diagnosis, focusing on secretory and protein biomarkers. We also briefly reviewed the recent advances and prospects in OC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer immunology and genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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White B, Patterson M, Karnwal S, Brooks CL. Crystal structure of a human MUC16 SEA domain reveals insight into the nature of the CA125 tumor marker. Proteins 2022; 90:1210-1218. [PMID: 35037700 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MUC16 is a membrane bound glycoprotein involved in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. The protein is shed into the serum and the resulting cancer antigen 125 (CA125) can be detected by immunoassays. The CA125 epitope is used for monitoring ovarian cancer treatment progression, and has emerged as a potential target for antibody mediated immunotherapy. The extracellular tandem repeat domain of the protein is composed of repeating segments of heavily glycosylated sequence intermixed with homologous SEA (Sperm protein, Enterokinase and Agrin) domains. Here we report the purification and the first X-ray structure of a human MUC16 SEA domain. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using a Rosetta generated structure as a search model. The SEA domain reacted with three different MUC16 therapeutic antibodies, confirming that the CA125 epitope is localized to the SEA domain. The structure revealed a canonical ferredoxin-like fold, and contained a conserved disulfide bond. Analysis of the relative solvent accessibility of side chains within the SEA domain clarified the assignment of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites within the domain. A model of the glycosylated SEA domain revealed two major accessible faces, which likely represent the binding sites of CA125 specific antibodies. The results presented here will serve to accelerate future work to understand the functional role of MUC16 SEA domains and antibody recognition of the CA125 epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Michelle Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Saloni Karnwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Cory L Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
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9
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Assidi M, Jafri MA, Abu-Elmagd M, N Pushparaj P, Saddick S, Messaoudi S, Alkhatabi H, Al-Maghrabi J, Anfinan N, Sait M, El Omri A, Sait H, Basalamah H, Buhmeida A, Sait K. Prognostic value of E-Cadherin and its tumor suppressor role in Saudi women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Libyan J Med 2021; 16:1994741. [PMID: 34720069 PMCID: PMC8567888 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2021.1994741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption and cytoskeleton reorganization are crucial events in tumor proliferation and invasion. E-Cadherin (E-CAD) is a member of cell adhesion molecules involved in cell-cell junctions and ECM stability. The loss of E-CAD expression is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. This retrospective study aimed to assess E-CAD protein expression in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues and to evaluate its prognostic value. Patients and Methods: 143 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of primary advanced stages OC were retrieved and used to construct Tissue microarrays. Automated immunohistochemistry technique was performed to evaluate E-CAD protein expression patterns in OC. Results: E-CAD protein expression was significantly correlated with OC histological subtype (p < 0.0001), while borderline significant correlations were observed with both tumor grade (p = 0.06) and stage (p = 0.07). Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that OC patients with membranous E-CAD expression survived longer than those with no E-CAD expression mainly those at advanced stages (p < 0.009). Further in silico analysis confirms the key roles of E-CAD in OC molecular functions. Conclusion: we reported a prognosis value of membranous E-CAD in advanced stage OC patients. Further validation using larger cohorts is recommended to extract clinically relevant outcomes towards better OC management and individualized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alam Jafri
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salina Saddick
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Messaoudi
- Forensic Biology Department, Naïf Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen Anfinan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Sait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham Sait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Basalamah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Schuster-Little N, Fritz-Klaus R, Etzel M, Patankar N, Javeri S, Patankar MS, Whelan RJ. Affinity-free enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) from patient-derived ascites. Analyst 2021; 146:85-94. [PMID: 33141132 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing a mass spectrometry-based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) is a desirable goal, because it may enable detection of molecular regions that are not recognized by antibodies and are therefore analytically silent in the current immunoassay. Additionally, the ability to characterize the CA125 proteoforms expressed by individuals may offer clinical insight. Enrichment of CA125 from malignant ascites may provide a high-quality source of this important ovarian cancer biomarker, but a reliable strategy for such enrichment is currently lacking. Beginning with crude ascites isolated from three individual patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer, we enriched for MUC16 using filtration, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography and then performed bottom-up proteomics on the isolated proteins. This approach of enrichment and analysis reveals that the peptides detected via mass spectrometry map to the SEA domain and C-loop regions within the tandem repeat domains of CA125 and that peptide abundance correlates with clinical CA125 counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naviya Schuster-Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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11
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Role of BRCA Mutation and HE4 in Predicting Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010055. [PMID: 33435590 PMCID: PMC7827362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though 80% of patients with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer respond to standard first-line chemotherapy, a majority of them could relapse in the following five years due to a resistance to platinum. Human Epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is one of the most promising markers in predicting platinum therapy response. This pilot study aims to evaluate the potential role of HE4 value in predicting chemotherapy response in BRCA mutated patients and in BRCA wild-type (non-mutated) ones. We selected 69 patients, affected by High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer, and optimally debulked and submitted to standard chemotherapy protocols. HE4 was dosed during every chemotherapy course. Patients were classified as platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive. According to BRCA mutation test, patients were further divided into BRCA wild-type (53 patients), and BRCA mutated (16 patients). 35 patients out of 69 (52%) were platinum-sensitive (recurrence > 12 months), while 33 patients (48%) were platinum-resistant (recurrence < 12 months). Thus, in the total population, HE4 performed as a marker of chemosensitivity with a sensibility of 79% and a specificity of 97%. In the BRCA WT group, 23 patients out of 53 (43%) were platinum-sensitive, while 30 patients out of 53 (57%) were platinum-resistant. In the BRCA WT group, HE4 performed as a predictive marker of chemosensitivity with a sensibility of 80% and a specificity of 100%. In the BRCA mutated group, 13 patients out of 16 (82%) were platinum-sensitive, while 3 patients (18%) were platinum-resistant. In the BRCA mutated group, HE4 performed as a predictive marker of chemosensitivity in all patients. The ability to detect platinum-resistant patients before tumor relapse probably could open new therapeutic scenarios.
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12
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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13
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CA125 and Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123730. [PMID: 33322519 PMCID: PMC7763876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CA125 has been the most promising biomarker for screening ovarian cancer; however, it still does not have an acceptable accuracy in population-based screening for ovarian cancer. In this review article, we have discussed the role of CA125 in diagnosis, evaluating response to treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer and provided some suggestions in improving the clinical utility of this biomarker in the early diagnosis of aggressive ovarian cancers. These include using CA125 to screen individuals with symptoms who seek medical care rather than screening the general population, increasing the cutoff point for the CA125 level in the plasma and performing the test at point-of-care rather than laboratory testing. By these strategies, we would detect more aggressive ovarian cancer patients in stages that the tumour can be completely removed by surgery, which is the most important factor in redusing recurrence rate and improving the survival of the patients with ovarian cancer. Abstract Ovarian cancer is the second most lethal gynecological malignancy. The tumour biomarker CA125 has been used as the primary ovarian cancer marker for the past four decades. The focus on diagnosing ovarian cancer in stages I and II using CA125 as a diagnostic biomarker has not improved patients’ survival. Therefore, screening average-risk asymptomatic women with CA125 is not recommended by any professional society. The dualistic model of ovarian cancer carcinogenesis suggests that type II tumours are responsible for the majority of ovarian cancer mortality. However, type II tumours are rarely diagnosed in stages I and II. The recent shift of focus to the diagnosis of low volume type II ovarian cancer in its early stages of evolution provides a new and valuable target for screening. Type II ovarian cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and have significantly higher CA125 levels than type I tumours. The detection of low volume type II carcinomas in stage IIIa/b is associated with a higher likelihood for optimal cytoreduction, the most robust prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer patients. The diagnosis of type II ovarian cancer in the early substages of stage III with CA125 may be possible using a higher cutoff point rather than the traditionally used 35 U/mL through the use of point-of-care CA125 assays in primary care facilities. Rapid point-of-care testing also has the potential for effective longitudinal screening and quick monitoring of ovarian cancer patients during and after treatment. This review covers the role of CA125 in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer and explores novel and more effective screening strategies with CA125.
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14
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Insights into Bioinformatic Applications for Glycosylation: Instigating an Awakening towards Applying Glycoinformatic Resources for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249336. [PMID: 33302373 PMCID: PMC7762546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a crucial role in various diseases and their etiology. This has led to a clear understanding on the functions of carbohydrates in cell communication, which eventually will result in novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of various disease. Glycomics has now become one among the top ten technologies that will change the future. The direct implication of glycosylation as a hallmark of cancer and for cancer therapy is well established. As in proteomics, where bioinformatics tools have led to revolutionary achievements, bioinformatics resources for glycosylation have improved its practical implication. Bioinformatics tools, algorithms and databases are a mandatory requirement to manage and successfully analyze large amount of glycobiological data generated from glycosylation studies. This review consolidates all the available tools and their applications in glycosylation research. The achievements made through the use of bioinformatics into glycosylation studies are also presented. The importance of glycosylation in cancer diagnosis and therapy is discussed and the gap in the application of widely available glyco-informatic tools for cancer research is highlighted. This review is expected to bring an awakening amongst glyco-informaticians as well as cancer biologists to bridge this gap, to exploit the available glyco-informatic tools for cancer.
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15
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Bayoumy S, Hyytiä H, Leivo J, Talha SM, Huhtinen K, Poutanen M, Hynninen J, Perheentupa A, Lamminmäki U, Gidwani K, Pettersson K. Glycovariant-based lateral flow immunoassay to detect ovarian cancer-associated serum CA125. Commun Biol 2020; 3:460. [PMID: 32826955 PMCID: PMC7442799 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a widely used biomarker in monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Due to insufficient cancer specificity of CA125, its diagnostic use is severely compromised. Abnormal glycosylation of CA125 is a unique feature of ovarian cancer cells and could improve differential diagnosis of the disease. Here we describe the development of a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of aberrantly glycosylated CA125 which is widely superior to the conventional CA125 immunoassay (CA125IA). With a 30 min read-out time, the LFIA showed 72% sensitivity, at 98% specificity using diagnostically challenging samples with marginally elevated CA125 (35–200 U/mL), in comparison to 16% sensitivity with the CA125IA. We envision the clinical use of the developed LFIA to be based on the substantially enhanced disease specificity against the many benign conditions confounding the diagnostic evaluation and against other cancers. Sherif Bayoumy et al. report a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) to quantify aberrantly glycosylated CA125 to diagnose epithelial ovarian cancer. Their method has a 30-minute read-out time, high sensitivity and specificity, and can distinguish ovarian cancer from benign endometriosis and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Hyytiä
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,PerkinElmer Finland Oy, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sheikh M Talha
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Perheentupa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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16
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Nemieboka B, Sharma SK, Rao TD, Edwards KJ, Yan S, Wang P, Ragupathi A, Piersigilli A, Spriggs DR, Lewis JS. Radiopharmacologic screening of antibodies to the unshed ectodomain of MUC16 in ovarian cancer identifies a lead candidate for clinical translation. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 86-87:9-19. [PMID: 32403071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its limitations, CA125 remains the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of ovarian cancer. Targeting the unshed portion of serum biomarkers such as CA125/MUC16 may afford more specific imaging and targeting of MUC16-positive tumors in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) patients. METHODS Six monoclonal antibodies raised against the 58 amino acid sequence between the extracellular cleavage site and the transmembrane region of MUC16 were radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr4+. The radioimmunoconjugates were evaluated in vitro for molar activities, target binding affinity, cellular internalization and serum stability. In vivo characterization was performed via longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of SKOV3 cells transfected with the proximal 114 amino-acids of MUC16 carboxy-terminus (SKOV3+). RESULTS In vitro screening identified 9C9 and 4H11 as the lead antibody candidates based on their comparable binding affinities, serum stability and cellular internalization profiles. Despite an identical molecular footprint for binding to MUC16, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-4H11 yielded a more favorable in vivo radiopharmacologic profile. Furthermore, a humanized variant of 4H11 capable of binding MUC16 in vitro also yielded excellent in vivo profile in subcutaneous xenograft models of SKOV3+, OVCAR3 tumors and a patient-derived xenograft model representative of HGSOC. CONCLUSION Radiopharmacologic screening of antibodies early during their development can provide crucial information pertinent to the in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The favorable in vivo profile demonstrated by humanized 4H11 combined with the use of its murine predecessor for immunohistochemical staining of biopsied tumor tissues from HGSOC patients makes a unique pair of antibodies that is poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nemieboka
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., CA, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Eureka Therapeutics Inc., CA, USA
| | - Ashwin Ragupathi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College and The Rockefeller University, NY, USA
| | - David R Spriggs
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Battaglia A, Buzzonetti A, Fossati M, Scambia G, Fattorossi A, Madiyalakan MR, Mahnke YD, Nicodemus C. Translational immune correlates of indirect antibody immunization in a randomized phase II study using scheduled combination therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel plus oregovomab in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:383-397. [PMID: 31897661 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The standard-of-care (SOC) first-line therapy for ovarian cancer (OC) patients is plagued with high relapse rates. Several studies indicated the immune system's prominent role changing the disease course in OC patients. Chemo-immunotherapy regimens, currently being explored, include oregovomab, which is a monoclonal antibody specific for the OC associated antigen carbohydrate/cancer antigen 125 (CA125) that yielded promising results when administered together with SOC in a previous study. The QPT-ORE-002 multi-site phase II randomized study demonstrated that in patients with advanced OC, oregovomab combined with first-line SOC improved overall and progression-free survival, compared to SOC alone. The study included an Italian cohort in which we demonstrated that adding oregovomab to SOC resulted in increased patient numbers with amplified CA125-specific CD8+T lymphocytes/ml peripheral blood counts, which might explain the improved therapeutic effect of SOC + oregovomab over SOC alone. Predictive for oregovomab efficacy was a less suppressive immune environment at baseline as indicated by low numbers of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, subset type 4, and a low neutrophil-and-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Battaglia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexia Buzzonetti
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fossati
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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Engqvist H, Parris TZ, Kovács A, Nemes S, Werner Rönnerman E, De Lara S, Biermann J, Sundfeldt K, Karlsson P, Helou K. Immunohistochemical validation of COL3A1, GPR158 and PITHD1 as prognostic biomarkers in early-stage ovarian carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:928. [PMID: 31533654 PMCID: PMC6751742 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the main cause of gynecological cancer-associated death. However, 5-year survival rates differ dramatically between the five main ovarian carcinoma histotypes. Therefore, we need to have a better understanding of the mechanisms that promote histotype-specific ovarian carcinogenesis and identify novel prognostic biomarkers. Methods Here, we evaluated the prognostic role of 29 genes for early-stage (I and II) ovarian carcinomas (n = 206) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results We provide evidence of aberrant protein expression patterns for Collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), G protein-coupled receptor 158 (GPR158) and PITH domain containing 1 (PITHD1). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that COL3A1 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in the four major histotypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients (P value = 0.026, HR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.089–8.19)). Furthermore, GPR158 and PITHD1 were shown to be histotype-specific prognostic biomarkers, with elevated GPR158 expression patterns in mucinous ovarian carcinoma patients with unfavorable overall survival (P value = 0.00043, HR = 6.13 (95% CI 1.98–18.98)), and an association with lower PITHD1 protein expression and unfavorable overall and disease-specific survival in clear-cell ovarian carcinoma patients (P value = 0.012, HR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.058–0.80); P value = 0.003, HR = 0.17 (95% CI 0.043–0.64)). Conclusions The novel biomarkers identified here may improve prognostication at the time of diagnosis and may assist in the development of future individualized therapeutic strategies for ovarian carcinoma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6084-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Engqvist
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Szilárd Nemes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Werner Rönnerman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahin De Lara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jana Biermann
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Dewan R, Dewan A, Jindal M, Bhardawaj M. Diagnostic Performance of Serum Human Epididymis Protein
4 (HE4) for Prediction of Malignancy in Ovarian Masses. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1103-1108. [PMID: 31030480 PMCID: PMC6948914 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is essential for long term disease control and mortality reduction. This has been achieved using tumor markers like cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) which is elevated in malignant as well as non-malignant conditions. This dilemma led to efforts towards development of newer markers like serum human epididymis secretory protein E4 (HE4). Present study aimed to evaluate role of HE4 in diagnosing ovarian cancers and comparing it with CA-125. Methods: Serum samples from 67 patients with ovarian cancer, 42 with benign ovarian masses and 26 healthy controls were collected preoperatively and tested for serum HE4 levels and CA-125 levels. Diagnostic performance of both tumor markers (HE4/CA-125) to diagnose malignancy in ovarian masses was calculated and compared to each other. Results: Mean CA-125 and HE4 levels were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer than in those with benign disease (p<0.001) or healthy controls (p< 0.001). Serum HE4 levels significantly increased in epithelial ovarian cancers when compared to non-epithelial ovarian cancers (p<0.01). Using benign control as comparison, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to predict a cut-off value for diagnosing malignancy for serum HE4 and CA-125. Compared to CA-125, HE4 had a similar sensitivity (83.6% vs. 85.10%) and higher specificity (100% vs. 90.48%); combination of serum HE4 and CA-125 improved the sensitivity to detect ovarian cancer to 92.54%. Sensitivity of HE4 to detect early stage ovarian cancer was superior to CA-125 (92.61% vs. 63.41%). Conclusion: Serum HE4, a novel tumor marker, discriminated epithelial ovarian cancer from benign ovarian masses. HE4 levels were related to the stage and histological types with the lowest levels in mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer and non-epithelial malignancy. Measuring serum HE4 levels alongwith CA-125 may provide higher accuracy for detecting epithelial ovarian cancer particularly in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Dewan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Dewan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi, India.
| | - Meera Jindal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bhardawaj
- Department of Research, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
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20
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Plotti F, Guzzo F, Schirò T, Terranova C, De Cicco Nardone C, Montera R, Luvero D, Scaletta G, Lopez S, Capriglione S, Benedetti Panici P, Angioli R. Role of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in detecting recurrence in CA125 negative ovarian cancer patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:ijgc-2019-000211. [PMID: 30992329 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no current guidelines regarding evaluation of patients with normal CA125 at initial diagnosis during routine surveillance after completion of treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in the detection of recurrence in patients with ovarian cancer and a negative CA125 at diagnosis. METHODS All patients with ovarian cancer with a negative CA125 referred to the Division of Gynecologic Oncology of the University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 70 years old, diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, optimal primary surgery (residual tumor <1 cm), and normal CA125 at initial diagnosis. Patients with other malignancies or chronic diseases were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was based on the calculation of percentages, means, medians, and ranges of the values. RESULTS A total of eight patients were included in the study. The median age was 53 years (range 40-75). All patients had a normal CA125 at initial diagnosis while seven (87.5%) patients had abnormal HE4 levels at diagnosis. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages at enrollment varied from IC to IIIC (IB (1), IC (3), IIC (1), IIIC (3)). The most common histologic subtype was serous (62.5%). Seven patients recurred and had abnormal HE4 and normal CA125 values. The median HE4 at recurrence was 107 pmol/L. The median disease-free interval was 55 months (range 5-108) and all the patients underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery. CONCLUSIONS HE4 levels may serve as a marker for recurrence in patients with a normal CA125 at initial diagnosis. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of HE4 levels in earlier detection of recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Plotti
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Guzzo
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Teresa Schirò
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Terranova
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Montera
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Luvero
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scaletta
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unit. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lopez
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Stella Capriglione
- Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Angioli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Unit. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
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Staples JN, Duska LR. Cancer Screening and Prevention Highlights in Gynecologic Cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2019; 46:19-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Fu J, Zhang L. Serum CA125 levels are decreased in rectal cancer but increased in fibrosis-associated diseases and in most types of cancers. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:241-252. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Screening by CA125 and Transvaginal Ultrasound for Ovarian Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study in Malwa Region of Punjab. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-018-0242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Aithal A, Rauth S, Kshirsagar P, Shah A, Lakshmanan I, Junker WM, Jain M, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. MUC16 as a novel target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:675-686. [PMID: 29999426 PMCID: PMC6300140 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1498845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MUC16 is overexpressed in multiple cancers and plays an important role in tumorigenicity and acquired resistance to therapy. Area covered: In this review, we describe the role of MUC16 under normal physiological conditions and during tumorigenesis. First, we provide a summary of research on MUC16 from its discovery as CA125 to present anti-MUC16 therapy trials that are currently in the initial phases of clinical testing. Finally, we discuss the reasons for the limited effectiveness of these therapies and discuss the direction and focus of future research. Expert opinion: Apart from its protective role in normal physiology, MUC16 contributes to disease progression and metastasis in several malignancies. Due to its aberrant overexpression, it is a promising target for diagnosis and therapy. Cleavage and shedding of its extracellular domain is the major barrier for efficient targeting of MUC16-expressing cancers. Concerted efforts should be undertaken to target the noncleaved cell surface retained portion of MUC16. Such efforts should be accompanied by basic research to understand MUC16 cleavage and decipher the functioning of MUC16 cytoplasmic tail. While previous efforts to activate anti-MUC16 immune response using anti-CA125 idiotype antibodies have met with limited success, ideification of neo-antigenic epitopes in MUC16 that correlate with improved survival have raised raised hopes for developing MUC16-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Wade M. Junker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Mitić N, Kosanović M, Milutinović B, Goč S, Mladenović D, Grubiša I, Janković M. Nano-sized CA125 antigen glycocamouflage: Mucin - Extracellular vesicles alliance to watch? Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 653:113-120. [PMID: 29969582 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 16 (MUC16) is a transmembrane type mucin and its released extracellular portion is designated as CA125 antigen. It is considered to be part of a supramolecular glycoprotein complex having a complicated epitope map and extreme structural heterogeneity. Starting from the initial transmembrane localization of MUC16/CA125 antigen and its alternative routes of release by shedding or putative secretion, CA125 antigen from human amniotic fluid soluble and extracellular vesicles (EVs)-containing fractions were characterized aiming at the possible glycosylation-associated mode of distribution as a factor contributing to the reported conflicting structural data. Ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography and TEM were used for analysis. The results indicated that the smeared abundantly glycosylated high molecular mass CA125-immunoreactive species, which follow the wheat germ agglutinin-binding pattern, were shared across amniotic fluid soluble and particulate fractions. A lower molecular mass glycoprotein-like CA125-immunoreactive species which follows the peanut agglutinin-binding pattern and was specifically associated with the EVs-enriched fraction was observed. CA125 presentation in the particulate amniotic fluid fraction was found to be shaped by a complex interactome partially involving lactose-sensitive galectin-3 binding. The MUC16 - EVs alliance as well as heterogeneous mucin/macromolecular complexes, at membranes or extracellularly, may represent cryptic pools of distinct CA125 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoslav Mitić
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Kosanović
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojana Milutinović
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Goč
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Mladenović
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grubiša
- Department of Human Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics, 'Zvezdara' University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, Preševska 31, 11050, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Janković
- Department of Immunochemistry and Glycobiology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Over the last 15 years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the potential and the limitations of the CA 125 assay. More than 2000 papers have been published concerning laboratory and clinical studies of CA 125. The original CA 125 assay utilized the OC 125 antibody that recognizes the CA 125 epitope on a high molecular weight glycoprotein. Despite repeated attempts, the gene encoding the peptide component has not yet been cloned. Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against other epitopes expressed by this molecule, leading to the development of the CA 125-II assay that exhibits less day-to-day variation. Using either assay, elevated levels of CA 125 are detected in a number of benign conditions, including endometriosis. CA 125 is most consistently elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer, but can be expressed in a number of gynecologic (endometrial, fallopian tube) and non-gynecologic (pancreatic, breast, colon and lung) cancers. The best established application of the CA 125 assay is in monitoring ovarian cancer. The rate of decline in CA 125 during primary chemotherapy has been an important independent prognostic factor in several multivariate analyses. Persistent elevation of CA 125 at the time of a second look surgical surveillance procedure predicts residual disease with >95% specif city. Rising CA 125 values have preceded clinical detection of recurrent disease by at least 3 months in most, but not all studies. Given the modest activity of salvage chemotherapy, this information has not yet impacted on survival. Rising CA 125 during subsequent chemotherapy has been associated with progressive disease in more than 90% of cases. CA 125 may serve as an effective surrogate marker for clinical response in phase II trials of new drugs. CA 125 levels can aid in distinguishing malignant from benign pelvic masses, permitting effective triage of patients for primary surgery. Early detection of ovarian cancer remains the most promising application of CA 125. An algorithm has been developed that estimates the risk of ovarian cancer (ROC) based upon the level and trend of CA 125 values. A major trial has been initiated that uses the ROC algorithm to trigger transvaginal sonography and/or subsequent laparotomy. Such a trial could demonstrate improvement in survival through early detection. This strategy should provide adequate specificity, but sensitivity for early stage disease may not be optimal. In the future, improved sensitivity may be attained using multiple markers and neural network analysis. Most serum tumor markers have been proteins or carbohydrates, but lipid markers such as lysophosphatidic acid deserve evaluation. Genomic and proteonomic technologies should identify additional novel markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Bast
- Division of Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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27
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O'Brien TJ, Tanimoto H, Konishi I, Gee M. More than 15 Years of CA 125: What is Known about the Antigen, Its Structure and Its Function. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 13:188-95. [PMID: 10228899 DOI: 10.1177/172460089801300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1997 CA 125 celebrated its 15th anniversary. Since the discovery of OC 125, an antibody that recognizes CA 125, by Bob Bast and his colleagues, considerable progress has been made toward the development of more sensitive and more precise assay systems. However, a great deal of mystery still remains about the CA 125 molecule and further enlightenment will probably not come until the gene for CA 125 is cloned and the complete open reading frame for the peptide core identified. In the meantime, we have learned some structural features of the CA 125 molecule as well as a little about its regulation and the requirements for its secretion or release from epithelial derived cells in cultures. The CA 125 molecule is almost certainly a glycoprotein with a predominance of O-linkages. It is heterogeneous with regard to both size and charge, most likely due to continuous deglycosylation of side chains during its life-span in bodily fluids. It exists as a very large complex (perhaps as much as 4 million daltons) under natural conditions. The core CA 125 subunit is in excess of 200,000 daltons and it retains the capacity to bind both OC 125 class antibodies and M 11 class antibodies. As a denatured purified subspecies the CA 125 molecule appears to autoproteolyse presumably due to an endogenous protease activity inherent to the molecule. Release or secretion of CA 125 appears directly linked to the epithelial growth factor receptor signal transduction pathway. Prior to its release from cultured cells, CA 125 is phosphorylated (at either/both serine and threonine) and dephosphorylated when released. To stimulate discussion on the regulation of CA 125 synthesis, its secretion and its structural configuration, we have presented a model of a theoretical CA 125 molecule. Perhaps it will provide a focus of attention until the CA 125 gene is cloned and the real molecule is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J O'Brien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University, Japan
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Abstract
CA 125 has two main immunogenic areas reactive with mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies. These areas are defined by the antibodies OC 125 and M11, respectively. Antibodies related to the main groups are named OC 125-like and M 11-like antibodies. The OC 125-like antibodies can be subgrouped into four sets, whereas the M 11-like antibodies segregate into many closely related binding specificities. One M 11-like antibody, ZR38, is not fully inhibited by any other M 11-like antibody and therefore represents a distinct subgroup. A single antibody, OV 197, is related to some OC 125-like antibodies, but not to OC 125. However, OC 125 enhances binding of OV 197 to its epitope. A new antibody, 7C 12, induces conformation changes, affecting binding of some M 11-like and some OC 125-like antibodies. CA 125 exists as very large molecules that can be partly disrupted by SDS and heat. The form found in serum might be a degradation product from a larger molecule found in the abdominal and other serous cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nustad
- Central Laboratory, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo-Norway
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29
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Veillon L, Fakih C, Abou-El-Hassan H, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. Glycosylation Changes in Brain Cancer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:51-72. [PMID: 28982002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that affects more than half of all known proteins. Glycans covalently bound to biomolecules modulate their functions by both direct interactions, such as the recognition of glycan structures by binding partners, and indirect mechanisms that contribute to the control of protein conformation, stability, and turnover. The focus of this Review is the discussion of aberrant glycosylation related to brain cancer. Altered sialylation and fucosylation of N- and O-glycans play a role in the development and progression of brain cancer. Additionally, aberrant O-glycan expression has been implicated in brain cancer. This Review also addresses the clinical potential and applications of aberrant glycosylation for the detection and treatment of brain cancer. The viable roles glycans may play in the development of brain cancer therapeutics are addressed as well as cancer-glycoproteomics and personalized medicine. Glycoprotein alterations are considered as a hallmark of cancer while high expression in body fluids represents an opportunity for cancer assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Veillon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
| | - Christina Fakih
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas 79409, United States
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30
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Gipson IK, Mandel U, Menon B, Michaud S, Tisdale A, Campos D, Clausen H. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the cytoplasmic tail of MUC16. Glycobiology 2017; 27:920-926. [PMID: 28673046 PMCID: PMC6283312 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16 is a large transmembrane mucin expressed on the apical surfaces of the epithelium covering the ocular surface, respiratory system and female reproductive tract. The transmembrane mucin is overexpressed by ovarian carcinomas, it is one of the most frequently used diagnostic markers for the disease and it is considered a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention. Immunodetection of the mucin has to date been through antibodies that recognize its exceptionally large ectodomain. Similar to other membrane anchored mucins, MUC16 has a short cytoplasmic tail (CT), but studies of the biological relevance of the C-terminal domain of MUC16 has been limited by lack of availability of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the native CT. Here, we report the development of a novel monoclonal antibody to the CT region of the molecule that recognizes native MUC16 and its enzymatically released CT region. The antibody is useful for immunoprecipitation of the released CT domain as demonstrated with the OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cell line and can be used for detailed cytolocalization in cells as well as in frozen sections of ocular surface and uterine epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene K Gipson
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEEI, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Balaraj Menon
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEEI, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sandra Michaud
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEEI, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ann Tisdale
- Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEEI, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Diana Campos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação e Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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31
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Du ZX, Liang MM, Sun J, Wang WJ, Liu YH, Yang JH. Clinical significance of serum CA-125, CA19-9 and CEA in pulmonary tuberculosis with and without type 2 diabetes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:104-110. [PMID: 29050756 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Man-Man Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Yin-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiang-Hua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
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Pradjatmo H, Pradjatmo H. Impact of Preoperative Serum Levels of CA 125 on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Survival. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1881-6. [PMID: 27221870 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CA125 is very helpful in treatment monitoring and detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) recurrence. However there is controversy as to its accuracy and optimal usage. What is the impact of the CA125 levels before primary surgery treatment to the survival of patients? This study aimed to detect any association of preoperative serum levels with prognosis and survival in EOC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our cohort comprised EOC patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, who complied with follow up. To explore the effect of preoperative CA125 levels and other variables on survival Cox's regression models were applied. RESULTS A total of 90 cases of EOC who had surgery were available for follow up. The level of CA125 poroved to be a prognostic factor for overall survival of EOC patients, with an adjusted HR of 4.10 (p = 0.03). Adjuvant chemotherapy was another prognostic factor, 1 - 2 cycles having an adjusted HR of 0.17 (p = 0.04) and 3 - 8 cycles HR 0.39 (p = 0.06). Other factors such as age of patients adjusted HR 1.54 (p = 0.32), moderate differentiation (adjusted HR 1.61, p = 0.51) poor differentiation (adjusted HR 3.41, p = 0.15), and stage of disease (adjusted HR 1.98, p = 0.27) were statistically not significant. However, this might have been because the power of the study was low. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative level of CA125 is a prognostic factor for overall survival in EOC patients. The best cut-off for prognostic classification of CA125 serum level is 70 U/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Pradjatmo
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada and Sardjito Central Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail :
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MITIC N, MILUTINOVIC B, JANKOVIC M. Analysis of CA125 antigen in normal human seminal plasma highlightsthe molecular heterogeneity of underlying glycosylated species. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1610-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Paul KB, Singh V, Vanjari SRK, Singh SG. One step biofunctionalized electrospun multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded zinc oxide nanowire interface for highly sensitive detection of carcinoma antigen-125. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:144-152. [PMID: 27520500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most leading cause of cancer-related death in women . The carcinoma antigen-125, which is found on the surface of many ovarian cancer cells is known to be a gold standard clinical biomarker associated with life-threatening gynecological malignancy. In this work, we demonstrate a novel biosensor platform based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded zinc oxide nanowire for the ultrasensitive detection of carcinoma antigen-125. Label free detection of the carcinoma antigen-125 was accomplished by differential voltammetry technique that demonstrated excellent sensitivity (90.14µA/(U/mL)/cm2) with a detection limit of 0.00113UmL-1 concentration. The fabricated immunosensor exhibits good performance with wider detection range (0.001UmL-1-1kUmL-1), reproducibility, selectivity, acceptable stability, and thus is a potential cost-effective methodology for point-of-care diagnosis. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded highly oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized by simple, low cost electrospinning technique. Compared to pure ZnO nanowires, electrochemical activity of MWCNTs embedded ZnO nanowires was found to be much higher. The calcination temperature was optimized to avoid any decomposition of the CNTs and to obtain multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded highly crystalline ZnO nanowires. The salient feature of this biosensing platform is that one step calcination process is enough to create the functional groups on MWCNT-ZnO nanowire surface that are effective for the covalent conjugation of antibody without further surface modification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on MWCNT-ZnO nanowire based immunosensor explored for the detection of cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brince Paul
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikrant Singh
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Shiv Govind Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Lee M, Chang MY, Yoo H, Lee KE, Chay DB, Cho H, Kim S, Kim YT, Kim JH. Clinical Significance of CA125 Level after the First Cycle of Chemotherapy on Survival of Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:580-7. [PMID: 26996555 PMCID: PMC4800345 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the most powerful cancer antigen 125 (CA125)-related prognostic factor for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to identify cut-off values that distinguish patients with a poor prognosis from those with a good prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 223 patients who received staging laparotomy and were diagnosed with stage IIC-IV serous EOC. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the most significant prognostic factor among the following variables: serum CA125 before surgery and after the first, second, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy; the nadir CA125 value; the relative percentage change in CA125 levels after the first and second cycles of chemotherapy compared to baseline CA125; CA125 half-life; time to nadir; and time to normalization of the CA125 level. RESULTS The CA125 level after the first chemotherapy cycle was the most significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). Time to normalization (p=0.028) and relative percentage change between CA125 levels at baseline and after the first chemotherapy cycle (p=0.021) were additional independent prognostic factors in terms of OS. The CA125 level after the first chemotherapy cycle (p=0.001) and time to normalization (p<0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors for progression free survival (PFS). CONCLUSION Among well-established CA125-related prognostic factors, serum CA125 levels after the first cycle of chemotherapy and time to normalization were the most significant prognostic factors for both OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanna Yoo
- Biostatistics Collaboration Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Byung Chay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis-Causing Adenoviruses Induce MUC16 Ectodomain Release To Infect Ocular Surface Epithelial Cells. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00112-15. [PMID: 27303700 PMCID: PMC4863608 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00112-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause infections across all mucosal tissues in the body. At the ocular surface, HAdVs cause keratoconjunctivitis (E. Ford, K. E. Nelson, and D. Warren, Epidemiol Rev 9:244–261, 1987, and C. M. Robinson, D. Seto, M. S. Jones, D. W. Dyer, and J. Chodosh, Infect Genet Evol 11:1208–1217, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.031)—a highly contagious infection that accounts for nearly 60% of conjunctivitis cases in the United States (R. P. Sambursky, N. Fram, and E. J. Cohen, Optometry 78:236–239, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.optm.2006.11.012, and A. M. Pihos, J Optom 6:69–74, 2013, doi:10.1016/j.optom.2012.08.003). The infection begins with HAdV entry within ocular surface epithelial cells; however, the mechanisms used by HAdVs to transit the otherwise protective mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells prior to entry remain unknown. Here, we report that the highly virulent keratoconjunctivitis-causing HAdV-D37 induces release of the extracellular domain (ectodomain) of MUC16, a major component of the mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells, prior to infecting underlying cells. Currently, there is no specific treatment for controlling this infection. Understanding the early steps involved in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis and using this information to intercept adenoviral entry within cells may guide the development of novel strategies for controlling the infection. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), species D in particular (HAdV-D), are frequently associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Although the infection originates at the ocular surface epithelium, the mechanisms by which HAdV-Ds bypass the membrane-associated mucin (MAM)-rich glycocalyx of the ocular surface epithelium to trigger infection and inflammation remain unknown. Here, we report that an EKC-causing adenovirus (HAdV-D37), but not a non-EKC-causing one (HAdV-D19p), induces ectodomain release of MUC16—a MAM with barrier functions at the ocular surface—from cultured human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. HAdV-D37, but not HAdV-D19p, is also found to decrease the glycocalyx barrier function of corneal epithelial cells, as determined by rose bengal dye penetrance assays. Furthermore, results from quantitative PCR (qPCR) amplification of viral genomic DNA using primers specific to a conserved region of the E1B gene show that, in comparison to infection by HAdV-D19p, infection by HAdV-D37 is significantly increased in corneal epithelial cells. Collectively, these results point to a MUC16 ectodomain release-dependent mechanism utilized by the EKC-causing HAdV-D37 to initiate infection at the ocular surface. These findings are important in terms of understanding the pathogenesis of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Similar MAM ectodomain release mechanisms may be prevalent across other mucosal epithelia in the body (e.g., the airway epithelium) that are prone to adenoviral infection. IMPORTANCE Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause infections across all mucosal tissues in the body. At the ocular surface, HAdVs cause keratoconjunctivitis (E. Ford, K. E. Nelson, and D. Warren, Epidemiol Rev 9:244–261, 1987, and C. M. Robinson, D. Seto, M. S. Jones, D. W. Dyer, and J. Chodosh, Infect Genet Evol 11:1208–1217, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.031)—a highly contagious infection that accounts for nearly 60% of conjunctivitis cases in the United States (R. P. Sambursky, N. Fram, and E. J. Cohen, Optometry 78:236–239, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.optm.2006.11.012, and A. M. Pihos, J Optom 6:69–74, 2013, doi:10.1016/j.optom.2012.08.003). The infection begins with HAdV entry within ocular surface epithelial cells; however, the mechanisms used by HAdVs to transit the otherwise protective mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells prior to entry remain unknown. Here, we report that the highly virulent keratoconjunctivitis-causing HAdV-D37 induces release of the extracellular domain (ectodomain) of MUC16, a major component of the mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells, prior to infecting underlying cells. Currently, there is no specific treatment for controlling this infection. Understanding the early steps involved in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis and using this information to intercept adenoviral entry within cells may guide the development of novel strategies for controlling the infection.
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HE4 as an Early Detection Biomarker of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Investigations in Prediagnostic Specimens From the Janus Serumbank. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:1608-15. [PMID: 26501436 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epithelial ovarian cancer is characterized by nonspecific signs and clinical symptoms arising at late stages. Early detection is therefore important and may significantly improve the survival rate. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) has been the most extensively studied serum biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer, but low specificity limits its usefulness. A relatively novel biomarker, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), has shown promise in early detection of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate how early the tumor marker increases before diagnosis. METHODS/MATERIALS A nested case-control design was used to evaluate the performance of HE4 and CA125 in prediagnostic serum samples from the Janus Serumbank. Serial specimens from 120 women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were compared with healthy controls. Serum level of CA125, HE4, and cotinine was measured. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate impact of smoking, age, storage time, and lag time (time from sampling until date of diagnosis). RESULTS Spearman correlation showed a strong positive correlation between HE4 and smoking in both cases and controls. Multiple linear regression analyses for pairwise differences between case and control showed that serum level of HE4 and CA125 was significantly increased (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively) 2 years before diagnosis and that CA125 also was significantly increased up to 4 years before diagnosis (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that a difference between cases and controls in serum concentration of HE4 seemed to be increased 2 years before diagnosis and that CA125 was increased until 4 years before diagnosis.
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Marcos-Silva L, Ricardo S, Chen K, Blixt O, Arigi E, Pereira D, Høgdall E, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, David L, Clausen H. A novel monoclonal antibody to a defined peptide epitope in MUC16. Glycobiology 2015. [PMID: 26201951 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MUC16 mucin is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in ovarian carcinomas. Immunodetection of circulating MUC16 is one of the most used cancer biomarker assays, but existing antibodies to MUC16 fail to distinguish normal and aberrant cancer glycoforms. Although all antibodies react with the tandem-repeat region, their epitopes appear to be conformational dependent and not definable by a short peptide. Aberrant glycoforms of MUC16 may constitute promising targets for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic intervention, and it is important to develop well-defined immunogens for induction of potent MUC16 immunity. Here, we developed a MUC16 vaccine based on a 1.7TR (264 aa) expressed in Escherichia coli and in vitro enzymatically glycosylated to generate the aberrant cancer-associated glycoform Tn. This vaccine elicited a potent serum IgG response in mice and we identified two major immunodominant linear peptide epitopes within the tandem repeat. We developed one monoclonal antibody, 5E11, reactive with a minimum epitope with the sequence FNTTER. This sequence contains potential N- and O-glycosylation sites and, interestingly, glycosylation blocked binding of 5E11. In immunochemistry of ovarian benign and cancer lesions, 5E11 showed similar reactivity as traditional MUC16 antibodies, suggesting that the epitope is not efficiently glycosylated. The study provides a vaccine design and immunodominant MUC16 TR epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marcos-Silva
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kowa Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ola Blixt
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Emma Arigi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Leonor David
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
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Michurina T, Kerzhner M, Klimovich B. Development and characterization of three novel monoclonal antibodies against CA-125. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 33:319-24. [PMID: 25357999 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is the most widely used tumor marker for ovarian cancer. Thus, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CA-125 are valuable reagents for the development of diagnostic tests and immunotherapy. We describe here the generation and characterization of three novel hybridoma cell lines producing MAbs against CA-125. CA-125 purified from culture supernatant of ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3 by affinity chromatography, was used for immunization of BALB/c mice. Three stable cell lines (3C8, 2B6, and 5A12) were selected for production of antibodies against CA-125 and were expanded in mass culture. All three antibodies were shown to recognize linear epitopes. Antibodies 2B6 and 5A12 were determined to recognize epitope cluster B (M 11-like); MAb 3C8 was classified as group A-epitope binders (OC 125-like). The antibodies produced may be used for the development and improvement of CA-125 immunoassays.
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Ricardo S, Marcos-Silva L, Pereira D, Pinto R, Almeida R, Söderberg O, Mandel U, Clausen H, Felix A, Lunet N, David L. Detection of glyco-mucin profiles improves specificity of MUC16 and MUC1 biomarkers in ovarian serous tumours. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:503-12. [PMID: 25454345 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CA125 assay detects circulating MUC16 and is one of the most widely used cancer biomarkers for the follow-up of ovarian cancer. We previously demonstrated that detection of aberrant cancer-associated glycoforms of MUC16 as well as MUC1 in circulation could improve the yield of these serum assays. Our aim was to refine ovarian cancer biomarkers by detection of aberrant glycoforms (Tn, STn, and T) of MUC16 and MUC1 in ovarian cancer tissue using Proximity Ligation Assays (PLA). We studied two series of serous ovarian tumours, a pilot series of 66 ovarian tumours (27 cystadenomas, 16 borderline tumours and 23 adenocarcinomas) from Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto and a validation series of 89 ovarian tumours (17 cystadenomas, 25 borderline tumours and 47 adenocarcinomas) from the Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Lisbon. PLA reactions for MUC16/Tn, MUC16/STn, MUC1/Tn and MUC1/STn were negative in benign lesions but often positive in borderline and malignant lesions, in both series. An even better yield was obtained based on positivity for any of the four glyco-mucin profiles, further increasing sensitivity to 72% and 83% in the two series, respectively, with 100% specificity. The strategy is designated glyco-mucin profiling and provides strong support for development of PLA-based serum assays for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ricardo
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Marcos-Silva
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Pereira
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of The University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Felix
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - CEDOC, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor David
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of The University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Giannakouros P, Matte I, Rancourt C, Piché A. Transformation of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells by MUC16 mucin (CA125) is driven by its cytoplasmic tail. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:91-8. [PMID: 25338620 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16 (CA125) is a transmembrane mucin that contributes to the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Expression of MUC16 is not detectable in the epithelial surface of normal ovaries. MUC16 expression is, however, common in serous EOC as well as in metastatic and recurrent tumors. Despite these observations, its contribution to the development of EOC is unknown. We stably expressed either empty vector, MUC16 C-terminal domain (MUC16 CTD) or MUC16 TMU (a construct that lacks the cytoplasmic tail) in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. In this study, we provide evidence for the role of MUC16 CTD in oncogenic transformation. We show that ectopic expression of MUC16 CTD enhances the growth of NIH3T3 cells under normal and low serum conditions, and promotes anchorage-dependent colony formation. The deletion of the cytoplasmic tail abrogated these effects. MUC16 CTD expression in NIH3T3 cells also enhances the formation of colony in soft agar as compared to MUC16 TMU. MUC16 CTD expression enhances tumor formation in nude mice. Our findings provide the first evidence that MUC16 induces the transformation of NIH3T3 cells and indicate that MUC16 functions as an oncogene. Furthermore, our data suggest that the cytoplasmic tail is critical for MUC16 oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giannakouros
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Matte
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Claudine Rancourt
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alain Piché
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Sharma SK, Suresh MR, Wuest FR. Improved soluble expression of a single-chain antibody fragment in E. coli for targeting CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 102:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haridas D, Ponnusamy MP, Chugh S, Lakshmanan I, Seshacharyulu P, Batra SK. MUC16: molecular analysis and its functional implications in benign and malignant conditions. FASEB J 2014; 28:4183-99. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-257352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Haridas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterEppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Marcos-Silva L, Narimatsu Y, Halim A, Campos D, Yang Z, Tarp MA, Pereira PJB, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Levery SB, David L, Clausen H. Characterization of binding epitopes of CA125 monoclonal antibodies. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3349-59. [PMID: 24850311 DOI: 10.1021/pr500215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most used cancer serum biomarker is the CA125 immunoassay for ovarian cancer that detects the mucin glycoprotein MUC16. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) including OC125 and M11 are used in CA125 assays. However, despite considerable efforts, our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the recognized epitopes and the role played by glycosylation has remained elusive. Here a comprehensive set of recombinant MUC16 tandem repeats (TRs) expressed in glycoengineered mammalian cells and E. coli, together with overlapping peptides, was used to probe antigen-binding epitopes. We present a complete analysis of N- and O-glycosylation sites of a MUC16 TR expressed in CHO cells and demonstrate that neither N- nor O-glycosylation appear to substantially influence binding of OC125 and M11 mAbs. A series of successive N- and C-terminal truncations of a MUC16 TR construct expressed in E. coli narrowed down the epitopes for OC125 and M11 to a segment containing parts of two consecutive SEA domains with a linker. Thus, a complete SEA domain is not required. These findings suggest that binding epitopes of mAbs OC125 and M11 are dependent on conformation but not on glycosylation. The availability of recombinant TR constructs with and without aberrant glycosylation now opens the way for vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marcos-Silva
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Felder M, Kapur A, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Horibata S, Heintz J, Albrecht R, Fass L, Kaur J, Hu K, Shojaei H, Whelan RJ, Patankar MS. MUC16 (CA125): tumor biomarker to cancer therapy, a work in progress. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:129. [PMID: 24886523 PMCID: PMC4046138 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over three decades have passed since the first report on the expression of CA125 by ovarian tumors. Since that time our understanding of ovarian cancer biology has changed significantly to the point that these tumors are now classified based on molecular phenotype and not purely on histological attributes. However, CA125 continues to be, with the recent exception of HE4, the only clinically reliable diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. Many large-scale clinical trials have been conducted or are underway to determine potential use of serum CA125 levels as a screening modality or to distinguish between benign and malignant pelvic masses. CA125 is a peptide epitope of a 3-5 million Da mucin, MUC16. Here we provide an in-depth review of the literature to highlight the importance of CA125 as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. We focus on the increasing body of literature describing the biological role of MUC16 in the progression and metastasis of ovarian tumors. Finally, we consider previous and on-going efforts to develop therapeutic approaches to eradicate ovarian tumors by targeting MUC16. Even though CA125 is a crucial marker for ovarian cancer, the exact structural definition of this antigen continues to be elusive. The importance of MUC16/CA125 in the diagnosis, progression and therapy of ovarian cancer warrants the need for in-depth research on the biochemistry and biology of this mucin. A renewed focus on MUC16 is likely to culminate in novel and more efficient strategies for the detection and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Felder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Arvinder Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | - Sachi Horibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Joseph Heintz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ralph Albrecht
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas Fass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Justanjyot Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Hadi Shojaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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CA125 level association with chemotherapy toxicity and functional status in older women with ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 23:1022-8. [PMID: 23765208 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e318299438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older women with ovarian cancer have increased cancer-related mortality and chemotherapy toxicity. CA125 is a sensitive biomarker for tumor burden. The study evaluates the association between CA125, geriatric assessment (GA), and treatment toxicity. METHODS This is a secondary subset analysis of patients 65 years or older with ovarian cancer accrued to a multicenter prospective study that developed a predictive toxicity score for older adults with cancer. Clinical and geriatric covariates included sociodemographics, GA (comorbidity, social support, functional, nutritional, psychological, cognitive status), treatment, and laboratory studies. Using bivariate analyses, we determined the association of abnormal CA125 (≥35 U/mL) with baseline GA, grades 3 to 5 toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3), dose adjustments, and hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to check for potential confounder for association between CA125 and chemotherapy toxicity. RESULTS Fifty-one (10%) of 500 patients accrued to the primary study had a diagnosis of ovarian (92%), peritoneal (4%), or fallopian tube (4%) cancer. Median age was 72 years (range, 65-86 years). Forty-six patients (90%) had stage III-IV disease. Twenty-three patients (45%) received first-line chemotherapy, and 34 (67%) received platinum-doublet therapy. Thirty-six (71%) had an abnormal CA125. Grades 3 to 5 toxicity occurred in 19 patients (37%). Abnormal CA125 was associated with assistance with instrumental activities of daily living (P < 0.05), lower performance status (P = 0.05), grades 3 to 5 toxicity (P = 0.03), nonheme toxicity (P = 0.04), and dose reductions (P = 0.01). No association between CA125 level and total toxicity score was observed. CONCLUSIONS Among older women with ovarian cancer, abnormal CA125 was associated with poor pretreatment functional status and an increased probability of chemotherapy toxicity and dose reduction.
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Aberrant glycosylation as biomarker for cancer: focus on CD43. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:742831. [PMID: 24689054 PMCID: PMC3943294 DOI: 10.1155/2014/742831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins playing a major role in cell signalling, immune recognition, and cell-cell interaction because of their glycan branches conferring structure variability and binding specificity to lectin ligands. Aberrant expression of glycan structures as well as occurrence of truncated structures, precursors, or novel structures of glycan may affect ligand-receptor interactions and thus interfere with regulation of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Indeed, aberrant glycosylation represents a hallmark of cancer, reflecting cancer-specific changes in glycan biosynthesis pathways such as the altered expression of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Most studies have been carried out to identify changes in serum glycan structures. In most cancers, fucosylation and sialylation are significantly modified. Thus, aberrations in glycan structures can be used as targets to improve existing serum cancer biomarkers. The ability to distinguish differences in the glycosylation of proteins between cancer and control patients emphasizes glycobiology as a promising field for potential biomarker identification. In this review, we discuss the aberrant protein glycosylation associated with human cancer and the identification of protein glycoforms as cancer biomarkers. In particular, we will focus on the aberrant CD43 glycosylation as cancer biomarker and the potential to exploit the UN1 monoclonal antibody (UN1 mAb) to identify aberrant CD43 glycoforms.
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Zamani Z, Nassir-Ud-Din, Kohan HK, Kadivar M, Kalyee Z, Rad BL, Iravani A, Rahimi NA, Wahabi F, Sadeghi S, Pourfallah F, Arjmand M. The effect of ginger extract on glycoproteins of Raji cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:241-7. [PMID: 24783808 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.241.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is associated with the development and progression of specific diseases, including cancers. The ginger rhizome is known to have anti-cancer and anti-fungal properties. This investigation was carried out to study the effect of ginger on glycoproteins of Raji cells. A 10% yield of ginger extract was mixed with 0.01% DMSO and added to 6 x 10(4) Raji cells at different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 degrees C. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined and analyzed statistically using Graphpad prism software. Cell extracts were prepared and their glycoproteins purified using lectin-affinity chromatography (Q proteome total glycoprotein and O glycoprotein kits) and SDS PAGE was carried out. IC50 of ginger extract on Raji cells was 20 microg mL(-1) at 72 h with < 0.01 significance. Silver staining of purified glycoprotiens in Raji cells indicated the presence of O-glycans and N-glycans. N-linked mannose and N-linked sialic acids were detected with the total glycoprotein kit. O-linked galactose and O-linked sialic acids were identified with the O-glycoprotein. Ginger reduced the expression of O-linked sialic acid and also N-linked mannose on Raji cells but had no effect on other glycoproteins. Sialic acid is now well known as a cancer marker and investigations are on to use it as a drug-target in cancerous tissues.
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Longuespée R, Boyon C, Desmons A, Vinatier D, Leblanc E, Farré I, Wisztorski M, Ly K, D'Anjou F, Day R, Fournier I, Salzet M. Ovarian cancer molecular pathology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:713-32. [PMID: 22729278 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Europe and the United States. Its early detection is difficult due to the lack of specificity of clinical symptoms. Unfortunately, late diagnosis is a major contributor to the poor survival rates for OVC, which can be attributed to the lack of specific sets of markers. Aside from patients sharing a strong family history of ovarian and breast cancer, including the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes mutations, the most used biomarker is the Cancer-antigen 125 (CA-125). CA-125 has a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 97 % in epithelial cancer (stage III or IV). However, its sensitivity is 30 % in stage I cancer, as its increase is linked to several physiological phenomena and benign situations. CA-125 is particularly useful for at-risk population diagnosis and to assess response to treatment. It is clear that alone, CA-125 is inadequate as a biomarker for OVC diagnosis. There is an unmet need to identify additional biomarkers. Novel and more sensitive proteomic strategies such as MALDI mass spectrometry imaging studies are well suited to identify better markers for both diagnosis and prognosis. In the present review, we will focus on such proteomic strategies in regards to OVC signaling pathways, OVC development and escape from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Nord de France, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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Menon BB, Govindarajan B. Identification of an atypical zinc metalloproteinase, ZmpC, from an epidemic conjunctivitis-causing strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2012; 56:40-6. [PMID: 23168398 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen associated with a range of invasive and noninvasive infections. Despite the identification of the majority of virulence factors expressed by S. pneumoniae, knowledge of the strategies used by this bacterium to trigger infections, especially those originating at wet-surfaced epithelia, remains limited. In this regard, we recently reported a mechanism used by a nonencapsulated, epidemic conjunctivitis-causing strain of S. pneumoniae (strain SP168) to gain access into ocular surface epithelial cells. Mechanistically, strain SP168 secretes a zinc metalloproteinase, encoded by a truncated zmpC gene, to cleave off the ectodomain of a vital defense component - the membrane mucin MUC16 - from the apical glycocalyx barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells and, thereby invades underlying epithelial cells. Here, we compare the truncated SP168 ZmpC to its highly conserved archetype from S. pneumoniae serotype 4 (TIGR4), which has been linked to pneumococcal virulence in previous studies. Comparative nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the zmpC gene corresponding to strain SP168 has two stretches of DNA deleted near its 5' end. A third 3 bp in-frame deletion, resulting in the elimination of an alanine residue, was found towards the middle segment of the SP168 zmpC. Closer examination of the primary structure revealed that the SP168 ZmpC lacks the canonical LPXTG motif - a signature typical of several surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria and of other pneumococcal zinc metalloproteinases. Surprisingly, in vitro assays performed using recombinant forms of ZmpC indicated that the truncated SP168 ZmpC induces more cleavage of the MUC16 ectodomain than its TIGR4 counterpart. This feature may help explain, in part, why S. pneumoniae strain SP168 is better equipped at abrogating the MUC16 glycocalyx barrier en route to causing epidemic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraj B Menon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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