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Yang L, Yu H, Hou A, Man W, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang X, Zheng S, Jiang H, Kuang H. A Review of the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Application, Quality Control, Processing, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics of the Dried Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727154. [PMID: 34803677 PMCID: PMC8595830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The product investigated herein is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae] (Baizhu), which is also known as Dongbaizhu, Wuzhu, Yuzhu, Zhezhu, and Zhongzhu, among others. It invigorates the spleen, replenishes qi, and removes dampness, diuresis, and hidroschesis, and impacts fetal safety. It is often used for the treatment of diseases such as spleen function deficiency, abdominal distension, diarrhea, sputum, vertigo, edema, fever, and sweating and also aids cessation of minimal vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In this study, research pertaining to the ethnopharmacology, application, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, processing, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Baizhu has been reviewed. Relevant information and data reported for Baizhu were collected from CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, scientific databases, Chinese Medicinal Material Encyclopedia, Chinese herbal medicine classics, Chinese medicine dictionary, doctoral and master's theses, and so on. Baizhu demonstrates diuretic, antidiuretic, anti-inflammatory effects and antitumor function and aids regulation of gastrointestinal function, hypoglycemic effect, analgesic action, protection on the liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats, inhibition of aromatase, treatment of bone disease, strengthening myocardial contraction ability, detoxification and cholagogic effect, fall hematic fat action, such as the treatment of acute renal injury, and so on. It also can be an anticoagulant, improve the nervous system disease, affect the immune system, and regulate uterine smooth muscle, antioxidation, antiaging, and antibacterial effect. Sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, polysaccharides, and other compounds were isolated from Baizhu. Among them, sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides, and polyacetylenes are the main components of Baizhu. Baizhu exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects and constitutes a considerable proportion of the composition of many proprietary crude drugs. It mainly affects the endocrine, nervous, and urinary systems. The presented information suggests that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to Baizhu, including specific components, to achieve a greater therapeutic potential that can be considered to further explore the information related to Baizhu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Won KY, Kim GY, Kim HK, Song MJ, Choi SI, Bae GE, Lim SJ. The expression of C-MYC in gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression: C-MYC overexpression is a good prognostic factor. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152639. [PMID: 31582185 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-MYC appears to initiate and maintain tumorigenesis through modulation of immune regulatory molecules such as PD-L1. The aim of our research was to evaluate the clinical implication of C-MYC expression in gastric adenocarcinoma in relation to the expression of the immune regulatory molecules PD-L1 and FOXP3. METHODS Tissue samples were acquired from 182 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma that were surgically resected at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 2006 to 2012. Immunohistochemical staining for C-MYC, PD-L1, CD8 and FOXP3 was done. RESULTS C-MYC overexpression showed a significant correlation with smaller tumor size, lower T category, lower N category, lower recurrence rate, and less lymphatic invasion. And C-MYC overexpression was negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression. The tumoral FOXP3 was positively correlated with C-MYC overexpression and Tregs count. PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with Tregs, CD8 + T cells, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Tregs count was positively correlated with CD8 + T cells and TIL. CD8 + T cells was positively correlated with TIL. CONCLUSION We discovered that the immune regulatory effect of C-MYC and PD-L1, and the tumor suppressor function of tumoral FOXP3 had a significant influence on the tumor microenvironment (Tregs, CD8 + T cells, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) in a complex manner. The C-MYC overexpression is a good prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeoun Won
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gou Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Song
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Choi
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Go Eun Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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He WL, Weng XT, Wang JL, Lin YK, Liu TW, Zhou QY, Hu Y, Pan Y, Chen XL. Association Between c-Myc and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1549. [PMID: 30483143 PMCID: PMC6244870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is debate as to whether c-Myc predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to review the association between c-Myc and CRC prognosis. Methods: Pertinent studies were identified by searching electronic databases and carefully reviewing the reference lists of pertinent studies until March 2016. The summary hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to study the association between c-Myc and CRC prognosis. Results: Eight cohort studies (including seven studies about overall survival [OS] and one study about disease free survival [DFS]) were included. The pooled HR of OS was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.66–1.95). In subgroup analysis, no significant association between c-Myc and CRC prognosis was found in the studies either from Western countries (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.68–1.10) or Asian countries (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.62–5.77). HRs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.38–1.94) and 1.57 (95% CI: 0.73–3.39) for the studies using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, respectively. HR from the studies that examined DNA level was significantly different (HR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22–3.46); while that about RNA level or protein level was not significantly different. Conclusion: c-Myc was not associated with CRC prognosis in this meta-analysis. However, the conclusion is preliminary and should be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Weng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue-Lian Wang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Kai Lin
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Wen Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yi Zhou
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ghazi-Khanloosani M, Bandegi AR, Kokhaei P, Barati M, Pakdel A. CRP and LOX-1: a Mechanism for Increasing the Tumorigenic Potential of Colorectal Cancer Carcinoma Cell Line. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1467-1475. [PMID: 30368730 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are associated with an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Serum C- reactive protein (CRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), as Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) ligands, increase during inflammation and dyslipidemia, respectively. To evaluate the effects of CRP on the expression of important genes involved in the development of CRC, the CRC cell line, LS174T, was treated with the commercial CRP. Based on the Real-time PCR data, in the presence of CRP, LOX-1, CEA, MMP1, and MMP2 mRNA expression significantly increased, compared to the control group. Moreover, in the presence of CRP, secretion, and expression of CEA in the cell lysate and conditioned media increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of flow cytometry showed that expression of LOX-1 receptors at the cell surface increased significantly in the presence of 10 mg/L of CRP. However, inhibition of LOX-1 receptors with a specific monoclonal antibody reduced the effects of CRP on protein/mRNA expression. In conclusion, Increased CRP level, can potentially elevate the expression of important genes in CRC by stimulating LOX-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Ghazi-Khanloosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. .,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Lee KS, Kwak Y, Nam KH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. Favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:730. [PMID: 27619912 PMCID: PMC5020485 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our research was to determine the prognostic impact and clinicopathological feature of c-MYC and β-catenin overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we measured the c-MYC and β-catenin expression in 367 consecutive CRC patients retrospectively (cohort 1). Also, c-MYC expression was measured by mRNA in situ hybridization. Moreover, to analyze regional heterogeneity, three sites of CRC including the primary, distant and lymph node metastasis were evaluated in 176 advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Results In cohort 1, c-MYC protein and mRNA overexpression and ß-catenin nuclear expression were found in 201 (54.8 %), 241 (65.7 %) and 221 (60.2 %) of 367 patients, respectively, each of which was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was significantly correlated with longer survival by univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate (P = 0.048) studies. Overexpression of c-MYC protein was associated with mRNA overexpression (ρ, 0.479; P < 0.001) and nuclear ß-catenin expression (ρ, 0.282; P < 0.001). Expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was heterogeneous depending on location in advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Nevertheless, both c-MYC and ß-catenin expression in primary cancer were significantly correlated with improved survival in univariate (P = 0.001) and multivariate (P = 0.002) analyses. c-MYC and ß-catenin expression of lymph node or distant metastatic tumor was not significantly correlated with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Conclusions Co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was independently correlated with favorable prognosis in CRC patient. We concluded that the expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin might be useful predicting indicator of CRC patient’s prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 612-896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
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Hu TZ, Huang LH, Xu CX, Liu XM, Wang Y, Xiao J, Zhou L, Luo L, Jiang XX. Expressional profiles of transcription factors in the progression of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinoma based on protein/DNA array analysis. Med Oncol 2015; 32:265. [PMID: 26563475 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial modulators of gene expression during the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most significant risk factors of gastric carcinoma, and it is widely known that chronic inflammation with H. pylori infection triggers gastric carcinogenesis through inflammation-carcinoma chain [gastric carcinogenesis stages: non-atrophic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma (GC)], but its mechanism regarding changed TFs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expressional profiles of 345 transcription factors in gastric mucosa of healthy volunteers and patients at different gastric carcinogenesis stages using protein/DNA array-based approach. The data demonstrated the up-regulated TFs such as GATA-3, AP4, c-Myc and Pbx1 in the gastric mucosa of GC patients compared with the healthy volunteers, while other TFs, particularly CCAAT and CACC, showed the consistently decreasing trend along the gastric carcinogenesis. The increased expressions of AP4, Pbx1 and C/EBPα were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot in various H. pylori-infected models such as clinical gastric tissues, gastric epithelial cell lines and Mongolian gerbils. This study provides insights into and potential laws for gene transcriptional regulation by identifying potential TFs targets against the development of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiment, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can-Xia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Advances in the molecular functions of syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 94:1-17. [PMID: 25563413 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1, synd, CD138) is the most widely studied member of four structurally related cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Although SDC1 has been implicated in a wide range of biological functions, its altered expression often produces malignant phenotypes, which arise from increased cell proliferation and cell growth, cell survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recent studies revealed much about the underlying molecular roles of SDC1 in these processes. The changes in SDC1 expression also have a direct impact on the clinical course of cancers, as evident by its prognostic significance. Accumulating evidence suggest that SDC1 is involved in stimulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor initiating cells (TIC) and this may affect disease relapse, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the progress on the pro-tumorigenic role(s) of SDC1 and how these roles may impact the clinical aspect of the disease. Also discussed, are the current strategies for targeting SDC1 or its related signaling.
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Liu X, Yu H, Cai H, Wang Y. Expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c-myc in alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer: Correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:859-64. [PMID: 24619835 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c-myc in lesions of patients with Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. METHODS One hundred and four patients with AFP-producing gastric cancer were included into this study. The levels of CD24, p21, p53, and c-myc were examined by immunohistochemistry.The prognostic value of these biological markers and the correlation between biological markers and clinicopathological factors were investigated. RESULTS The percentages of positive expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c-myc were 31.7%, 77.9%, 75.0%, and 66.3%, respectively. CD24 expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.045) and Lauren type (P = 0.006); p21expression with Borrmann type (P = 0.035); c-myc expression with Borrmann type (P = 0.029). p21 expression was related with poor survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that p21 expression, vascular invasion, and pathological stage were defined as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The expression of p21 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with AFP-producing gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang HB, Song W, Chen LY, Li QF, Shi SL, Kong HY, Chen P. Differential expression and regulation of prohibitin during curcumin-induced apoptosis of immortalized human epidermal HaCaT cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:507-14. [PMID: 24402549 PMCID: PMC3926502 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB), also known as inhibin, is important in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This protein localizes to the inner membrane of mitochondria, where it acts as a chaperone protein, and is also found in the nucleus, where it negatively regulates transcription. The tumor-suppressive role of PHB in cell proliferation appears to be contradictory. In this study, we investigated the existence, localization and alterations in the expression of PHB in the whole cell and nuclear matrix and analyzed its co-localization with the expression products of related genes. The western blot analysis results revealed that PHB exists in the composition of nuclear matrix proteins and that the expression level of PHB is significantly increased in the whole cell and markedly decreased in the nuclear matrix after curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) treatment. The laser confocal scanning microscope results demonstrated the co-localization of PHB with p53, c-Myc, Bax, and Fas in HaCaT cells, and this co-localization region was transferred as a result of curcumin treatment. In addition, the results of the GST pull-down assay demonstrated the direct interaction of PHB with p53, c-Myc and Bax but not Fas in vitro. Results of the present study confirmed that the expression and distribution of PHB, which is a nuclear matrix protein, affect the apoptosis of HaCaT cells and its co-localization with specific gene products connected with cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Fu Li
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Kong
- Medical College of Xiamen University/Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, P.R. China
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Liu X, Cai H, Huang H, Long Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. The prognostic significance of apoptosis-related biological markers in Chinese gastric cancer patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29670. [PMID: 22216342 PMCID: PMC3247293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The prognosis varied among the patients with the same stage, therefore there was a need for new prognostic and predictive factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of apoptosis-related biological markers such as p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc, and clinicopathological features and their prognostic value. METHODS From 1996 to 2007, 4426 patients had undergone curative D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Among 501 patients, the expression levels of p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc were examined by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of biological markers and the correlation between biological markers and other clinicopathological factors were investigated. RESULTS There were 339 males and 162 females with a mean age of 57. The percentages of positive expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and c-myc were 65%, 22%, 43%, and 58%, respectively. There was a strong correlation between p53, bax, and c-myc expression (P=0.00). There was significant association between bcl-2, and bax expression (P<0.05). p53 expression correlated with histological grade (P=0.01); bcl-2 expression with pathological stage (P=0.00); bax expression with male (P=0.02), histological grade (P=0.01), Borrmann type (P=0.01), tumor location (P=0.00), lymph node metastasis (P=0.03), and pathological stage (P=0.03); c-myc expression with Borrmann type (P=0.00). bcl-2 expression was related with good survival in univariate analysis (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that bcl-2 expression and pathological stage were defined as independent prognostic factors. There were significant differences of overall 5-year survival rates according to bcl-2 expression or not in stage IIB (P=0.03). CONCLUSION The expression of bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer; it might be a candidate for the gastric cancer staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqiang Shi
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Khanna A, Böckelman C, Hemmes A, Junttila MR, Wiksten JP, Lundin M, Junnila S, Murphy DJ, Evan GI, Haglund C, Westermarck J, Ristimäki A. MYC-dependent regulation and prognostic role of CIP2A in gastric cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:793-805. [PMID: 19470954 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a recently identified human oncoprotein that stabilizes the c-Myc (MYC) protein. However, the clinical relevance of CIP2A to human cancers had not been demonstrated, but the mechanism of its regulation and its clinical role in cancer were completely unknown. METHODS Tissue microarrays consisting of 223 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens were evaluated for the presence of CIP2A using immunohistochemistry, and the association of CIP2A expression with survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The effects of MYC and CIP2A on each other's expression and on cell proliferation were investigated in several gastric cancer cell lines using small interfering RNAs to CIP2A and MYC and immunoblotting. To further evaluate the role of MYC in CIP2A regulation, an inhibitor of MYC dimerization, 10058-F4, and an inducible MycER model were used. RESULTS Expression of CIP2A protein was associated with reduced overall survival for gastric cancer patients with tumors 5 cm or smaller, with a 10-year overall survival in the CIP2A-immunopositive group of 8.1% as compared with 37.6% in the CIP2A-negative group (difference = 29.5%, 95% confidence interval = 12.5% to 46.5%, P = .001). In gastric cancer cell lines, CIP2A depletion led to decreased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of the cells, as well as to reduced stability and expression of MYC protein. Interestingly, MYC depletion led to reduced expression of CIP2A mRNA and protein. Moreover, experiments with an MYC inhibitor and activator suggested that MYC directly promotes CIP2A gene expression. Finally, CIP2A and MYC immunopositivities were associated in gastric cancer specimens (P = .021). CONCLUSIONS CIP2A immunopositivity is a predictor of survival for some subgroups of gastric cancer patients. CIP2A and MYC appear to be regulated in a positive feedback loop, wherein they promote each other's expression and gastric cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Khanna
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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12
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Calcagno DQ, Leal MF, Assumpção PP, Smith MDAC, Burbano RR. MYC and gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:5962-8. [PMID: 18932273 PMCID: PMC2760197 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC is an oncogene involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth arrest, cell adhesion, metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function. It has been described as a key element of several carcinogenesis processes in humans. Many studies have shown an association between MYC deregulation and gastric cancer. MYC deregulation is also seen in gastric preneoplastic lesions and thus it may have a role in early gastric carcinogenesis. Several studies have suggested that amplification is the main mechanism of MYC deregulation in gastric cancer. In the present review, we focus on the deregulation of the MYC oncogene in gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis, including its association with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and clinical applications.
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Costa Raiol LC, Figueira Silva EC, Mendes da Fonseca D, Leal MF, Guimarães AC, Calcagno DQ, Khayat AS, Assumpção PP, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Interrelationship between MYC gene numerical aberrations and protein expression in individuals from northern Brazil with early gastric adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 181:31-5. [PMID: 18262050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer in Brazil. Early gastric cancer represents approximately 10% of gastric cancer cases in some services of Brazil, which underscores the need for early gastric cancer diagnosis that could lead to better prognosis. There are few published studies of cytogenetic alterations in early gastric cancer. To evaluate MYC copy number and its protein expression, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses in five early gastric adenocarcinomas in individuals from northern Brazil. Three signals of MYC and MYC immunoreactivity were observed in all five samples, regardless of histologic type, tumor extension, or lymph nodal status. These novel findings concerning MYC copy number alteration in early gastric cancer suggest that MYC alteration is observed in the beginning of gastric carcinogenesis and could be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Láuren Cláudia Costa Raiol
- Human Cytogenetics and Toxicological Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, CEP 66075-900, Belém, PA, Brazil
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer may be considered the final step of a progressive imbalance between mucosal cell proliferation and apoptosis. CDC25 phosphatases comprise a multigene family, including CDC25A and CDC25B, that plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle progression and has been linked to the development of human cancers. The role of CDC25 phosphatases in the pathogenesis of gastric cancers is, however, still largely unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of CDC25A and CDC25B was investigated in matched normal and cancerous tissues from 70 patients with gastric cancer (52 intestinal and 18 diffuse type). RESULTS In non-cancerous gastric tissues the expression of CDC25A and CDC25B was absent or weak. In gastric cancer tissues, the enhanced immunoreactivity of CDC25 phosphatases was independent of intestinal or diffuse type of gastric cancer. However, the intensity of immunostaining was related to the grade of differentiation of the tumors. Interestingly, c-myc expression was directly correlated with CDC25A and B expression. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of CDC25A and B seems to be a common and very early event in the development of both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer and may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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15
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Yamashita Y, Nishida K, Okuda T, Nomura K, Matsumoto Y, Mitsufuji S, Horiike S, Hata H, Sakakura C, Hagiwara A, Yamagishi H, Taniwaki M. Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements at bands 8q24 and 11q13 in gastric cancer as detected by multicolor spectral karyotyping. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5129-35. [PMID: 16127741 PMCID: PMC4320384 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i33.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify chromosomal translocations specific to gastric cancer (GC), spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis was performed on established cell lines and cancerous ascitic fluids.
METHODS: SKY analysis of 10 established cell lines and seven cancerous ascitic fluid samples identified recurrent chromosomal breakpoints and translocations in GC, several of which involved chromosomal loci of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.
RESULTS: A total of 630 chromosomal breaks were identified. Chromosome no.8 was the most frequently involved in rearrangements (65 breaks), followed by chromosomes no.11 (53), no. 1 (49), no. 7 (46), no. 13 (37), no. 3 (36), no. 17 (33), and no. 20 (29). Frequent breakpoints were detected in 8q24.1 (30 breaks), 11q13 (29), 13q14 (16), 20q11.2 (14), 7q32 (13), 17q11.2 (13), 18q21 (12), 17q23 (9), 18q11.2 (9). SKY analysis identified a total of 242 chromosomal rearrangements including 190 reciprocal and non-reciprocal translocations. The recurrent combinations of chromosomal bands involved in translocations were 8q24.1 and 13q14 (3 cases), 8q24.1 and 11q13 (3), 11q13 and 17q11.2 (2), and 18q11.2 and 20q11.2 (2). Our study validated the ability of SKY to characterize in detail the chromosomal rearrangements in solid tumors and derived cell lines. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization helped to identify the insertions, translocations, and homogeneously staining regions of MYC and CCND1 gene loci.
CONCLUSION: The non-random co-localization of certain cytogenetic bands suggests the importance of chromosomal translocations in gastric carcinogenesis, by serving as landmarks for the cloning of GC causing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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16
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Yang G, Timme TL, Frolov A, Wheeler TM, Thompson TC. Combined c-Myc and caveolin-1 expression in human prostate carcinoma predicts prostate carcinoma progression. Cancer 2005; 103:1186-94. [PMID: 15712208 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-expression of the oncogene c-Myc has been implicated in the development and progression of human prostate carcinoma. However, previous assessments of c-Myc expression have not revealed its potential for predicting prostate carcinoma progression. Caveolin-1 is associated with prostate carcinoma progression and is a downstream target gene of c-Myc. The observation that caveolin-1 can suppress c-Myc-induced apoptosis suggested the potential for cooperation between c-Myc and caveolin-1 in malignant progression. In this study, the authors evaluated the prognostic potential of combined c-Myc and caveolin-1 expression in human prostate carcinoma progression. METHODS Immunostaining with c-Myc and caveolin-1-specific antibodies was performed on paraffin sections from 104 radical prostatectomy specimens from men with lymph node negative prostate carcinoma. Combined c-Myc and caveolin-1 immunostaining scores were related with the clinical and pathologic features and the probability of prostate-specific antigen recurrence after surgery. RESULTS The combination of c-Myc and caveolin-1 immunopositivity correlated positively with Gleason score (rho = 0.219; P = 0.0253) and positive surgical margin (rho = 0.333; P = 0.0006). The combination of positive c-Myc and caveolin-1 in patients with clinically confined prostate carcinoma was a significant prognostic marker for the time to disease progression after surgery in both univariate analysis (P = 0.0039; hazard ratio, 3.035) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.0114; hazard ratio, 2.916). CONCLUSIONS The coexpression of c-Myc and caveolin-1 showed potential as a useful prognostic marker for human prostate carcinoma. The current results suggest interactions between c-Myc and caveolin-1 in the progression of human prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Niu ZS, Li BK, Wang M. Expression of p53 and C-myc genes and its clinical relevance in the hepatocellular carcinomatous and pericarcinomatous tissues. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:822-6. [PMID: 12378623 PMCID: PMC4656568 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i5.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the possible roles of p53 and C-myc genes in the primary hepatocellular carcinogenesis and the relationship between the liver hyperplastic nodule (LHN) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: The expression of p53 and C-myc genes was detected immunohist-ochemically in 73 and 60 cases of HCC and pericarcinomatous tissues, respectively.
RESULTS: The positive expression of p53 in HCC was significantly higher than that in pericarcinomatous tissues (P < 0.05). In pericarcinomatous tissues, the p53 expression was observed only in LHN, but not in liver cirrhosis (LC) and normal liver tissues. The positive expression rate of C-myc in HCC or LHN was significantly higher than that in LC or normal liver tissues (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), however, no significant difference was found between HCC and LHN (P > 0.05). The positive expression rate of p53 and C-myc in HCC was correlated with the histological differentiation, that in the poorly differentiated was significantly higher than that in well differentiated samples (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The overexpression of p53 and C-myc genes might play a role in the carcinogenesis of HCC; And LHN seems a preneoplastic lesion related to hepatocarcinogenesis; No evidence supports that LC contribute directly to the hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Abstract
Although the advancement of molecular oncology in gastric cancer lags behind that of colorectal cancer, the rapid developments witnessed in recent years have improved our understanding of the carcinogenesis, aetiology, progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. The different molecular genetic alterations in intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer have further supported the concept that these two pathological types are different disease entities. The association of telomerase and cadherin changes with Helicobacter pylori infection reinforces its aetiological role. The mutated cadherin gene identified in familial gastric cancer has shone light onto the pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules have already been applied to daily clinical practice as prognostic markers. Future molecular studies will contribute to the screening, classification, disease monitoring and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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19
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Fang JY, Xiao SD, Zhu SS, Yuan JM, Qiu DK, Jiang SJ. Relationship of plasma folic acid and status of DNA methylation in human gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 1997; 32:171-5. [PMID: 9085163 DOI: 10.1007/bf02936363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of folic acid at the molecular level, we determined plasma folic acid concentration by radioimmuno-assay and the degree of total genomic DNA methylation by incubating DNA with 3H-S-adenosylmethionine (3H-SAM) in the presence of a methylase, and analyzed the methylation status of the c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes by Southern blotting in 21 patients with advanced gastric cancer. The degree of total genomic DNA methylation of cancerous tissues was significantly lower than that of paracancerous and non-cancerous tissues; c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes from cancerous (10/21, 5/10) and paracancerous (13/21, 4/10) tissues were hypomethylated. The plasma folic acid concentration in patients who showed hypomethylation was lower than that patients showing normal methylation. These findings suggest that a decrease in folic acid, and the subsequent DNA hypomethylation, may be involved in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Fang
- Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease (200001), People's Republic of China
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20
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Songun I, van de Velde CJ, Hermans J, Pals ST, Verspaget HW, Vis AN, Menon AG, Litvinov SV, van Krieken JH. Expression of oncoproteins and the amount of eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates can be used as prognostic factors in gastric cancer. Dutch Gastric Cancer Group (DGCG). Br J Cancer 1996; 74:1783-8. [PMID: 8956793 PMCID: PMC2077204 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative staging of gastric cancer is difficult. Several molecular markers associated with initiation and progression of cancer seem promising for obtaining preoperative prognostic information. To investigate whether these markers are indicative especially for the presence of lymph node metastases in patients with gastric cancer, we have examined primary tumour specimens from 105 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach entered in a surgical trial. In this trial, lymph node status was determined by strictly quality-controlled lymph node dissection and examination. The selected markers were growth regulators (p53, Rb and myc), metastasis-suppressor gene product (nm23), adhesion molecules (Ep-CAM, E-cadherin, CD44v5 and CD44v6) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Also, the amount of eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates available post-operatively was analysed with respect to its prognostic value for lymph node status. Moreover, the association of these parameters with survival and disease-free period (DFP) was evaluated. Of all molecular markers investigated, only Rb expression had a significant association with the presence of lymph node metastasis in both univariate and multivariate analysis. For curative resectability, a significant association was found with Rb and E-cadherin expression, while in multivariate analysis Rb and myc were selected as the combination with additional independent prognostic value, and E-cadherin had no additional independent value. For overall survival in univariate analysis, the amount of both eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates and Rb and myc expression were of significant prognostic value. Only the amount of lymphocytic infiltrate had a prognostic significance for DFP. In stepwise multivariate analysis, TNM stage (I + II) and marked lymphocytic infiltrate were associated with better overall survival and longer DFP. We conclude that, if these results are confirmed in a larger series of patients, molecular markers can provide useful prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Songun
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
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21
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Yashiro M, Chung YS, Nishimura S, Inoue T, Sowa M. Establishment of two new scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines: analysis of factors associated with disseminated metastasis. Br J Cancer 1995; 72:1200-10. [PMID: 7577468 PMCID: PMC2033934 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1995.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the differences between cell lines which are derived from a primary tumour and a disseminated metastatic lesion from the same patient may aid in elucidating the factors associated with disseminated metastases. We report on the establishment and characterisation of two new scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines, designated OCUM-2M and OCUM-2D, derived from a 49-year-old female. OCUM-2M was derived from a primary gastric tumour, and OCUM-2D was derived from a sample of disseminated metastasis. The two cell lines were derived from the same patient. We investigated biological differences between the two cell lines to study mechanisms involved in disseminated metastasis. The growth activity of OCUM-2D cells as determined by doubling time and tumorigenicity was greater than that of OCUM-2M cells. The level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in OCUM-2D cells was about twice that of OCUM-2M cells and the growth of OCUM-2D cells was stimulated more by epidermal growth factor (EGF) than that of OCUM-2M cells. The invasive activity of OCUM-2D cells was higher than that of OCUM-2M cells and was increased after addition of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). An increase in the number of attached and spreading cells was found following the addition of 10 ng ml-1 TGF-beta 1. These findings suggest that high growth and invasive activity may play an important role in disseminated metastasis and that EGF and TGF-beta 1, which affect the growth and invasive activity of OCUM-2D cells, might be factors associated with metastasis in scirrhous gastric carcinoma. The two cell lines OCUM-2M and OCUM-2D should be beneficial for analysing mechanisms of tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yashiro
- First Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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22
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Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, Nakaizumi A, Uehara H, Taniguchi H. Expression of c-myc mRNA as an aid in histologic differentiation of adenoma from well differentiated adenocarcinoma in the stomach. Cancer 1994; 73:1795-9. [PMID: 8137202 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940401)73:7<1795::aid-cncr2820730704>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using prospective follow-up studies, the authors examined the value of the expression of c-myc mRNA in biopsy specimens obtained from elevated gastric lesions as an aid in the differentiating between adenomas and well differentiated elevated-type adenocarcinomas. METHODS By in situ hybridization, the authors determined the expression of c-myc mRNA in biopsy specimens of elevated gastric lesions. The 31 patients who had borderline lesions with and without overexpression of c-myc were followed with repeated endoscopic examinations and gastric biopsies. RESULTS Endoscopic follow-up examinations showed that gastric cancer was detected in 5 of 11 patients (46%) with elevated lesions that stained positively for c-myc mRNA during an observation period of 15 months (range, 2-32 months). The cancers were confirmed histologically in gastrectomy specimens. No cancers were found in patients with elevated lesions that stained negatively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of c-myc mRNA may present a new tool for distinguishing between adenomas and well differentiated adenocarcinomas of the elevated type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tatsuta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Ponz de Leon M. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors in gastric carcinoma. Recent Results Cancer Res 1994; 136:179-202. [PMID: 7863095 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-85076-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ponz de Leon
- Università degli Studi di Modena, Istituto di Patologia Medica, Italy
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24
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Loveridge N, Farquharson C, Hesketh JE, Jakowlew SB, Whitehead CC, Thorp BH. The control of chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone growth in vivo: changes in TGF-beta and the proto-oncogene c-myc. J Cell Sci 1993; 105 ( Pt 4):949-56. [PMID: 8227216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105.4.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of transforming growth factor-beta and the c-myc proto-oncogene was studied in situ in the chondrocytes of the tibial growth plate of normal chicks and those with avian tibial dyschondroplasia in which the chondrocytes are developmentally arrested in the transitional phase between proliferation and differentiation. This results in an accumulation of unmineralised and avascular cartilage. Dyschondroplastic chicks showed reduced c-myc expression in the transitional chondrocytes but unaltered levels in the proliferating chondrocytes. Transforming growth factor-beta expression was reduced in the transitional chondrocytes of dyschondroplastic chicks. In areas where the lesion was being repaired there was evidence of increased expression of both c-myc protein and transforming growth factor-beta. Addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to the diet, which is known to reduce the incidence of dyschondroplasia, resulted in an increase in c-myc production. These results suggest that both transforming growth factor-beta and the proto-oncogene c-myc may be important elements of the cascade of events that lead to chondrocyte differentiation, hypertrophy and mineralisation.
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25
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Nava HR, Arredondo MA. Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer: Endoscopy, Imaging, and Tumor Markers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Matsumoto K, Yamamoto J, Miura T. Lack of prognostic value of immunoreactivity for p62 oncoprotein in colorectal carcinoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 1993; 8:103-5. [PMID: 8409682 DOI: 10.1007/bf00299337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical staining for c-myc p62 oncoprotein (p62) was performed in 59 colorectal carcinomas using mouse monoclonal antibody against human c-myc protein (MYC1-6E10). The immunoreactivity for p62 was intense in 22 (37.3%), and weak in 37 (62.7%) of the tumors. Advanced disease and nodal metastasis were more frequently seen in tumors showing intense staining but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Sixteen patients have died of the disease but overall survival rates did not differ between patients with tumors showing intense staining and those with tumors showing weakly staining. In 50 patients undergoing grossly curative resection, local or distant metastasis developed in 15 patients. Immunoreactivity for p62 had no effect on the rate of recurrence or disease free survival rates in these 50 patients undergoing grossly curative resection. The present study revealed that the immunoreactivity for p62 had no prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Second Department of Surgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu-City, Japan
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