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Kim SH, Hong JH, Lee YC. Oleanolic acid suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and Th2-mediated allergic asthma by modulating the transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and Foxp3 in asthmatic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:311-24. [PMID: 24374304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The natural product oleanolic acid is commonly found in a variety of medicinal plants. It is a triterpenoid compound known for its anti-inflammatory effects as well as various other pharmacological properties. The aim of the current study was to use a mouse model of allergic asthma to investigate whether oleanolic acid has anti-asthmatic effects, and if so, to determine the mechanism of these effects. Oleanolic acid suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation, and Penh, which occurred by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and ovalbumin-specific IgE through the upregulation of T-bet and Foxp3, and the downregulation of GATA-3 and RORγt. The therapeutic effect of oleanolic acid was due to suppression of Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13), B cell-dependent production of OVA-specific IgE, and Gr-1 expression through the T-bet, GATA-3, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγ t) and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) transcription pathways. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of oleanolic acid may be exerted through inhibition of the GATA-3 and RORγt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Hong
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Hong JH, Lee YC. Ursolic acid, a potential PPARγ agonist, suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and Penh by down-regulating IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17 in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:131-43. [PMID: 23201068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness to allergens, chronic airway inflammation, airway edema, increased mucus secretion, excess production of Th2 cytokines, and eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. Ursolic acid is known for its pharmacological effects, such as its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. To investigate the anti-asthmatic effects and mechanism of ursolic acid, we studied the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and enhanced pause (Penh) in a mouse model of allergic asthma. In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin followed by intratracheal, intraperitoneal, and aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of ursolic acid and Cyclosporin A (CsA) on Penh, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, various immune cell phenotypes, Th2 cytokines, IL-17 production, and ovalbumin specific IgE production in a mouse model of asthma. In BALB/c mice, ursolic acid had suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation, and Penh, which occurred by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and ovalbumin-specific IgE by blocking the GATA-3 and STAT6 pathways. Our data suggest the therapeutic mechanism of ursolic acid in asthma is based on reductions of Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13), ovalbumin-specific IgE production, and eosinophil infiltration via the Th2-GATA-3, STAT6, and IL-17-NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Funaguchi N, Ohno Y, La BLB, Asai T, Yuhgetsu H, Sawada M, Takemura G, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H. Narirutin inhibits airway inflammation in an allergic mouse model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:766-70. [PMID: 17600554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds that possess anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-oxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated whether the flavonoid narirutin could reduce airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized/challenged NC/Nga mice, a model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. 2. Mice were initially immunized intraperitoneally with OVA on Days 0 and 7 and then challenged with inhaled OVA on Days 14, 15 and 16. In addition, some mice received narirutin orally at doses of 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg bodyweight daily on Days 7-16. 3. At 10 mg/kg, but not 0.1 or 1 mg/kg, narirutin significantly diminished OVA-induced airway inflammation caused by infiltration of lung tissue with inflammatory and mucus-producing cells, as well as reduced eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), interleukin (IL)-4 levels in BALF and IgE levels in serum. 4. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of narirutin are likely to be associated with a reduction in the OVA-induced increases of IL-4 and IgE in a murine model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. These findings suggest that narirutin may be an effective new tool in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Funaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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NAGAI H, MAEDA Y, TANAKA H. The effect of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody, rapamycin and interferon-γ on airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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NAGAI H, YAMAGUCHI S, MAEDA Y, TANAKA H. Role of mast cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ahn MH, Kang CM, Park CS, Park SJ, Rhim T, Yoon PO, Chang HS, Kim SH, Kyono H, Kim KC. Titanium dioxide particle-induced goblet cell hyperplasia: association with mast cells and IL-13. Respir Res 2005; 6:34. [PMID: 15829015 PMCID: PMC1087883 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of particles aggravates respiratory symptoms including mucus hypersecretion in patients with chronic airway disease and induces goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) in experimental animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods To understand this, the numbers of goblet cells, Muc5ac (+) expressing epithelial cells and IL-13 expressing mast cells were measured in the trachea of sham or TiO2 particles – treated rats using periodic acid-Schiff, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining. RT-PCR for Muc-1, 2 and 5ac gene transcripts was done using RNA extracted from the trachea. Differential cell count and IL-13 levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In pretreatment groups, cyclophosphamide (CPA) or dexamethasone (DEX) was given before instillation of TiO2. TiO2 treatment markedly increased Muc5ac mRNA expression, and Muc5ac (+) or PAS (+) epithelial cells 48 h following treatment. Results The concentration of IL-13 in BAL fluids was higher in TiO2 treated – rats when compared to those in sham rats (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CPA) decreased the number of neutrophils and eosinophils in BAL fluid of TiO2 treated – rats (p < 0.05), but affected neither the percentage of PAS (+) cells, nor IL-13 levels in the BAL fluids (p > 0.05). In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX) diminished the percentage of PAS (+) cells and the levels of IL-13 (p < 0.05). TiO2 treatment increased the IL-13 (+) mast cells (p < 0.05) in the trachea, which was suppressed by DEX (p < 0.05), but not by CPA pretreatment (p > 0.05). In addition there were significant correlations of IL-13 (+) rate of mast cells in the trachea with IL-13 concentration in BAL fluid (p < 0.01) and with the percentage of Muc5ac (+) cells in the sham and TiO2 treated rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, TiO2 instillation induces GCH and Muc5ac expression, and this process may be associated with increased production of IL-13 by mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Ahn
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chun-Mi Kang
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pyeong-Oh Yoon
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hiroko Kyono
- National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nagai H. Immunopharmacological Approach to Elucidating the Mechanism of Allergic Inflammation. Allergol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.54.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nagao K, Akabane H, Masuda T, Komai M, Tanaka H, Nagai H. Effect of MX-68 on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice and guinea-pigs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56:187-96. [PMID: 15005877 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
MX-68 is a newly synthesized antifolate, which is a derivative of methotrexate (MTX). In this paper, the effect of MX-68 on allergic airway responses in mice and guinea-pigs was studied. In the first experiment, antigen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to acetylcholine in mice were examined and compared with the effects of classical antifolate methotrexate and prednisolone. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin as an antigen and challenged with ovalbumin inhalation three times. After the last inhalation, AHR and airway inflammation were observed. An increase in Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and a decrease in a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as an elevation of the immunoglobulin level in serum, were observed in sensitized mice. Oral administration of MX-68 had no effect on changes of body weight, but prednisolone reduced body weight during the experiment. The antigen-induced AHR and increases in the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF were significantly inhibited by MX-68. MX-68 interfered with the elevation of IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BALF, but had no effect on the decrease in IFN-gamma. Moreover, MX-68 significantly inhibited the elevation of serum IgE and IgG levels. In the guinea-pig model for bronchial asthma, biphasic increases in airway resistance (immediate asthmatic response, IAR, and late asthmatic response, LAR), as well as accumulated inflammatory cells in BALF, were observed after repeated antigen challenge. These asthmatic responses and inflammatory signs were significantly decreased by administration of MX-68. These results suggest that MX-68 obviously has an anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model of asthma and would be useful clinically for the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagao
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Tigani B, Hannon JP, Schaeublin E, Mazzoni L, Fozard JR. Effects of immunomodulators on airways hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced in actively sensitised Brown Norway rats by exposure to allergen. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 368:17-25. [PMID: 12827216 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Accepted: 05/05/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated a marked and selective augmentation of the bronchoconstrictor response to adenosine in actively sensitised Brown Norway (BN) rats challenged with ovalbumin (OA). The augmented response is mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released as a consequence of mast cell activation. We describe here the effects of budesonide, a clinically used glucocorticosteroid, IMM125, a hydroxyethyl derivative of D-serine-cyclosporine, MLD987, a close analogue of ascomycin and SAR943, a rapamycin derivative, on the hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced in actively sensitised BN rats by exposure to allergen. Bronchoconstrictor responses to adenosine elicited 3 h following intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of OA, 0.3 mg kg(-1) were reduced dose-dependently by budesonide, IMM125, and MLD987, given i.t. 25 and 1 h prior to allergen challenge. In contrast, SAR943 had no effect on responses to adenosine. Responses to methacholine and 5-HT were minimally affected by these agents. Bronchoconstrictor responses to bradykinin were dose-dependently reduced by budesonide, but unaffected following IMM125, MLD987 or SAR943 pre-treatment. Challenge with OA at a dose of 0.3 mg kg(-1), induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, leukocyte numbers, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and protein concentration measured 24 h post challenge. Budesonide (1 mg kg(-1) given i.t. 25 and 1 h prior to OA challenge) induced reductions in the BAL fluid parameters of inflammation; IMM125 and MLD987, at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1) had no significant effect whereas SAR943 reduced lymphocyte numbers. Thus, budesonide, IMM125 and MLD987 block the hyperresponsiveness to adenosine induced by allergen challenge in sensitised rats. In the case of budesonide the effect is associated with a powerful, generalised anti-inflammatory effect although an effect directly on the mast cells is also likely. With IMM125 and MLD987, the effect is seen at doses that are not anti-inflammatory and may reflect direct suppression of mast cell activation by these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, WSJ.386.508, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Abstract
Bronchial asthma is considered to be a chronic airway inflammatory disease, characterized by airway obstruction, airway eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to a variety of stimuli. AHR is thought to be an important symptom, because the severity of the disease is generally correlated with the degree of AHR. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the involvement of airway inflammation in the development of allergen-induced AHR, although, the mechanism of allergen-induced AHR has not been fully elucidated and remains controversial. In vivo animal models might provide important information on this point. We have established a mouse model of allergic asthma, which is characterized by airway eosinophilia, IgE production, T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production in the airway, and AHR, and investigated the role of inflammatory cells and functional molecules. Results from gene-knockout and mutant mice demonstrated the involvement of T cells, mast cells, prostanoids, and Th2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation and AHR. In contrast, treatment with anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or anti-IL-5 mAb during allergen inhalation did not inhibit allergen-induced AHR, although the combination of these mAbs clearly inhibited the enhanced responsiveness. These data indicate that it is a better strategy for control of the disease to inhibit or suppress multifunctional molecules like corticosteroids rather than to inhibit a single factor, because bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-Higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan.
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Ogawa K, Kaminuma O, Kikkawa H, Nakata A, Asahina M, Egan RW, Akiyama K, Mori A. Transient contribution of mast cells to pulmonary eosinophilia but not to hyper-responsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:140-8. [PMID: 12002731 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently demonstrated that the transfer of interleukin (IL)-5-producing CD4+ T cell clones into unprimed mice is sufficient for the development ofeosinophilic inflammation in the bronchial mucosa upon antigen inhalation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible contribution of mast cells in eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), and to discriminate between the roles of CD4+ T cells and mast cells. METHODS Mast cell-deficient mice (WBB6F1-W/Wv) and their congenic normal littermates (WBB6F1-+/+) were immunized with ovalbumin and challenged by inhalation with the relevant antigen. RESULTS Airway eosinophilia was induced with equivalent intensity in +/+ and W/Wv mice 6, 24, 96 and 216 h after antigen inhalation. In contrast, 48 h after antigen challenge, eosinophilic infiltration into the bronchial mucosa was significantly less pronounced in W/Wv mice than in +/+ mice. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-IL-5 mAb, and cyclosporin A were administered next, demonstrating that the airway eosinophilia of W/Wv mice induced 48 h after antigen challenge was almost completely inhibited by each of these three treatments, but that of +/+ mice was significantly less susceptible. Bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine was increased 48 h after antigen challenge and was not significantly different between +/+ and W/Wv mice. Administration of anti-IL-5 mAb completely inhibited the development of BHR in both +/+ and W/Wv mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that, in mice, mast cells do have a supplemental role in the development of pulmonary eosinophilia but not BHR. CD4+ T cells totally regulate these responses by producing IL-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Discovery Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
Eosinophilic airway inflammation is the main histologic correlate of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and tissue injury in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. There is strong evidence for a central role of CD4+ T-cells secreting pro-allergic Th2-cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, in the induction of airway eosinophilia and AHR. IL-5 appears to be one of the main pro-inflammatory mediators among a growing number of cytokines and chemokines that induce, regulate and sustain eosinophilic airway inflammation. Animal studies provide confirmatory evidence for the important role of IL-5 in the induction and maintenance of eosinophilic airway infiltration leading to altered airway function. Interfering with the action of IL-5 represents one of the new immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Compared to established immunosuppressive agents like steroids, a major advantage of this strategy is the specificity of reducing eosinophilic inflammation, thus possibly acting nearly without side effects. There are several possible ways to inhibit the effects of IL-5 including alteration of the signalling pathway in the IL-5 producing cell by inhibition or modification of transcription factors or the use of antisense oligonucleotides and blocking of the IL-5 protein itself by monoclonal antibodies, soluble IL-5 receptor or antagonists of the IL-5 receptor expressed on the surface of eosinophils. Although preliminary data from the first clinical trials gave rise to skepticism about the efficacy of anti-IL-5 treatment regarding the improvement of lung function of asthmatic patients, further studies with a better defined profile of the target population may provide encouraging results, allowing the introduction of this truly new therapeutic concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blümchen
- Department of Paediatrics, Pulmonology and Immunology, Charite'-Campus-Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Tanaka H, Kawada N, Kawada K, Takatsu K, Nagai H. Effect of repeated antigen inhalation on airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in interleukin-5 transgenic mice. Allergol Int 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2001.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Mori A, Kaminuma O, Ogawa K, Nakata A, Egan RW, Akiyama K, Okudaira H. Control of IL-5 production by human helper T cells as a treatment for eosinophilic inflammation: comparison of in vitro and in vivo effects between selective and nonselective cytokine synthesis inhibitors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:S58-64. [PMID: 10887335 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helper T cells are involved in the pathophysiologic condition of asthma, so modulation of cytokine production may be effective therapy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to selectively control the synthesis of IL-5 by helper T cells and tested in vivo effects using a murine asthma model. METHODS The effect of dexamethasone, FK506, cyclosporin A, and nonactin (a macrolide compound produced by Streptomyces griseus) on cytokine production by allergen-specific T-cell clones was determined. The effect of these agents and an anti-IL-5 neutralizing antibody on airway eosinophilic inflammation was investigated in a murine asthma model. RESULTS Dexamethasone, FK506, and cyclosporin A suppressed the production of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 by human helper T cells, which shows a similar concentration-response relationship in each case. Cyclosporin A and dexamethasone inhibited airway eosinophilia in vivo. Nonactin suppressed IL-5 synthesis but not IL-2 or IL-4 synthesis, and it also significantly suppressed airway eosinophilia. CONCLUSION Nonactin only suppressed IL-5 synthesis and was as effective against eosinophilia as cyclosporin A and dexa-methasone, which indicates that IL-5 is a reasonable therapeutic target in allergic disorders that are accompanied by eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mori
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Sagamihara Hospital, Discovery Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co Ltd, Toda, Japan
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Kato Y, Manabe T, Tanaka Y, Mochizuki H. Effect of an Orally Active Th1/Th2 Balance Modulator, M50367, on IgE Production, Eosinophilia, and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.12.7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have found a novel anti-allergic agent, M50367, which suppresses IgE biosynthesis and eosinophil accumulation in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the ability of M50367 to modulate Th1/Th2 balance in Th2-background BALB/c mice and to inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of atopic asthma. Oral M50367 at 3–30 mg/kg/day exhibited 51 to 73% reduction of IL-4/IL-5 production and 2- to 5-fold augmentation of IFN-γ production by Ag-stimulated cultured splenocytes of the mice sensitized with DNP-Ascaris. These alterations in Th1/Th2 cytokine production were accompanied by 55–85% suppression of plasma IgE level. Oral M50367 at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited Ig-independent peritoneal eosinophilia by 54%, which was induced by repeated i.p. injections of Ascaris suum extract. To develop airway hyperresponsiveness caused by allergic airway inflammation, BALB/c mice were sensitized with i.p. OVA injections, followed three times by OVA inhalation. Oral M50367 significantly inhibited the increase in airway reactivity to acetylcholine, together with the elevation of plasma IgE level and pulmonary eosinophilia, which were observed in vehicle-treated mice 1 day after the last inhalation. Moreover, M50367 treatment reduced IL-4 and IL-5 production and tended to enhance IFN-γ production, not only by cultured splenocytes, but also in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results suggest that M50367 has a modulating ability of Th1/Th2 balance to down-regulate Th2 response in the circulating system as well as at the sites of inflammation, and may be beneficial for the treatment of allergic disorders such as atopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kato
- Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Manabe
- Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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Kanoh S, Kondo M, Tamaoki J, Shirakawa H, Aoshiba K, Miyazaki S, Kobayashi H, Nagata N, Nagai A. Effect of FK506 on ATP-induced intracellular calcium oscillations in cow tracheal epithelium. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:L891-9. [PMID: 10362712 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.6.l891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of FK506 on Ca2+ oscillations in airway epithelium, we investigated cultured cow tracheal epithelial cells with a Ca2+ image-analysis system. ATP (1 microM) induced long-lasting Ca2+ oscillations, having nearly constant peak values (300-400 nM) and intervals (20-40 s) in subconfluent cells but not in confluent cells. These responses were gradually attenuated and abolished by the addition of FK506. Rapamycin, which binds the FK506-binding protein (FKBP), likewise inhibited Ca2+ oscillations, whereas cyclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, did not. Treatment of cells with FK506 decreased Ca2+ content in thapsigargin-sensitive stores, suggesting that the partial depletion of the stores causes the inhibition of Ca2+ oscillations. Immunocytochemistry revealed the existence of cytoplasmic FKBP-like immunoreactivities. The expression of a 12-kDa FKBP was greater in subconfluent cells than in confluent cells as determined by Western blotting, suggesting that the 12-kDa FKBP may be one of the factors that regulates Ca2+ oscillations. Therefore, FK506 possesses an inhibitory action on the Ca2+ response via intracellular FKBP but not via calcineurin, which may result in modification of airway epithelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanoh
- Third Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo 162, Japan
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Kohyama T, Takizawa H, Kawasaki S, Akiyama N, Sato M, Ito K, Yamamoto K. A potent immunosuppressant FK506 inhibits IL-8 expression in human eosinophils. MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS : MCBRC 1999; 1:72-7. [PMID: 10329481 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.1999.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
FK506, a potent immunosuppressant, has attracted attention for its potential effectiveness in allergic diseases. Although eosinophils are believed to be one of the important effector cells at the site of allergic inflammation, there have been few reports about the direct effect of FK506 on eosinophils. In the present study, we evaluated if FK506 had any effect on the production of IL-8, one of the important chemokines for a variety of inflammatory cells, from human peripheral eosinophils. Purified eosinophils constitutively released IL-8, which was increased with calcium ionophore (10(-6) M). FK506 showed a dose-dependent suppressive effect on IL-8 production by eosinophils stimulated with calcium ionophore, but showed no effect on unstimulated cells. Evaluation of IL-8 mRNA levels by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that FK506 suppressed IL-8 gene expression only in activated eosinophils. FK506 further showed a suppressive effect on eotaxin and MCP-1 release from eosinophils. These findings suggested that FK506 might prevent infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils by, at least in part, inhibiting chemokine release from eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kohyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Japan
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18
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Hersperger R, Schuler W, Zenke G. Preparation and immunosuppressive activity of 32-(O)-acylated and 32-(O)-thioacylated analogues of ascomycin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:227-32. [PMID: 10021934 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 32-(O)-acylated and 32-(O)-thioacylated derivatives of the antibiotic ascomycin (1) have been synthesized. These readily accessible analogues exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity in vitro, as measured by an interleukin-2 reporter gene assay and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Such molecules are expected to have a therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hersperger
- Novartis Pharma AG, Research, Respiratory Disease Therapeutic Area, Basle, Switzerland.
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19
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Lapa e Silva JR, Ruffié C, Lefort J, Nahori MA, Vargaftig BB, Pretolani M. Prevention of antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and airway inflammation in sensitized guinea-pigs by tacrolimus. Mediators Inflamm 1999; 8:17-23. [PMID: 10704085 PMCID: PMC1781777 DOI: 10.1080/09629359990676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of the immunosuppressive agent, tacrolimus (FK506), on antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity to acetylcholine and leukocyte infiltration into the airways of ovalbumin-challenged guinea-pigs. Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg of FK506, 1 h before and 5 h after intra-nasal antigen challenge prevented bronchial hyperreactivity to aerosolized acetylcholine, eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial tissue and the invasion of the bronchial wall by CD4+ T-lymphocytes. FK506 also suppressed ovalbumin-induced increase in the number of leukocytes adhering to the pulmonary vascular endothelium and expressing alpha4-integrins. Inhibition by FK506 of antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in sensitized guinea-pigs may thus relate to its ability to prevent the emergence of important inflammatory components of airway inflammation, such as eosinophil accumulation, as well as CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration into the bronchial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lapa e Silva
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Nakata A, Kaminuma O, Mori A, Ogawa K, Kikkawa H, Naito K, Ikezawa K, Suko M, Okudaira H. Evidence that cyclosporin A and dexamethasone inhibit allergic airway eosinophilic inflammation via suppression of interleukin-5 synthesis by T cells. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 124:1425-32. [PMID: 9723954 PMCID: PMC1565539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We have recently demonstrated that airway eosinophilic inflammation can be transferred to unprimed mice by infusing interleukin (IL)-5-producing T cell clones. Using that murine model, we performed this study to delineate the mechanism of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone to inhibit allergic airway eosinophilic inflammation. 2. The ovalbumin-reactive murine T cell clones, FJ17, produced IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 upon stimulation with relevant antigen. In FJ17-transferred mice, messenger RNA (mRNA) of IL-2 and IL-5 expressed in the lungs, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased and the bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine was enhanced after antigen provocation. 3. Cyclosporin A (10, 100 ng ml(-1)) and dexamethasone (10, 100 ng ml(-1) suppressed the production of IL-5 as well as IL-2 and IL-4 by FJ17 in vitro. 4. Subcutaneously administered cyclosporin A (30 mg kg(-1)) and dexamethasone (10 mg kg(-1)) inhibited antigen-induced mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-5, increase of BALF eosinophils and bronchial hyperresponsiveness of FJ17-transferred mice in vivo. The number of BALF eosinophils was correlated with the bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (r=0.672). 5. The results clearly indicated that the suppression of IL-5 synthesis by T cells is involved in the effects of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone to inhibit allergic airway eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakata
- Discovery Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Toda, Saitama, Japan
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21
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Tanaka H, Nagai H, Maeda Y. Effect of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5 antibodies on allergic airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Life Sci 1998; 62:PL169-74. [PMID: 9519802 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the role of IL-4 and IL-5 in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice, the effect of the combined administration of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on IgE response, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in sensitized Balb/c mice. Three inhalations of antigen caused an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in airway responsiveness to acetylcholine, with a significant elevation in the serum antigen-specific IgE level. Anti-IL-4 mAb inhibited IgE production but did not affect airway eosinophilia or hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, anti-IL-5 mAb inhibited airway eosinophilia but did not affect IgE production or airway hyperresponsiveness. The combined administration of anti-IL4 and anti-IL-5 mAbs, however, inhibited IgE antibody production, airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness. These results suggest that inhibitory action of IL-4 and IL-5 in combination can effectively suppress the onset of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Eum SY, Zuany-Amorim C, Lefort J, Pretolani M, Vargaftig BB. Inhibition by the immunosuppressive agent FK-506 of antigen-induced airways eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity in mice. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 120:130-6. [PMID: 9117088 PMCID: PMC1564338 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of the immunosuppressive agent, FK-506, an allergen-induced airways eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in hyper IgE mice (BP2 selection) was investigated. 2. Administration of FK-506 at 2 mg kg-1 s.c., 1 h before and 5 h after the first four ovalbumin challenges, reduced the recruitment of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 1.36 +/- 0.22 x 10(5) to 0.53 +/- 0.24 x 10(5) cells ml-1 (n = 5-6, P < 0.05; 60% inhibition), inhibited by 80% BHR in response to i.v. 5-HT and practically suppressed BHR in response to inhaled methacholine. 3. The antigen-induced interleukin (IL)-5 formation in the BALF and serum was inhibited by FK-506 by 75% in both instances. 4. FK-506 failed to modify the bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in acute bronchoconstriction and BHR. 5. The increased number of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ T lymphocytes in the BALF to antigen-challenged mice was unaffected by FK-506. 6. These findings indicate that antigen-induced in vivo IL-5 release and eosinophil, but not T-cell, infiltration into the bronchial lumen of sensitized BP2 mice are targets for the anti-allergic activities of FK-506.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Eum
- Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur 25, France
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