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Chu AWL, Rayner DG, Chu X, Chen L, Dong AYH, Waserman S, Baker DR, Sheikh J, Moellman J, Lang DM, Ben-Shoshan M, Mathur SK, Beck LA, Khan DA, Oliver ET, Asiniwasis RN, Chan J, Cole EF, Trayes KP, Frazier WT, Runyon L, Wheeler KE, Eftekhari S, Gardner DD, Winders T, Bernstein JA, Saini SS, Chu DK. Topical corticosteroids for hives and itch (urticaria): Systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00348-X. [PMID: 38901542 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroids are widely used as a treatment for itch and wheals (urticaria), but their benefits and harms are unclear. OBJECTIVE To systematically synthesize the benefits and harms of topical corticosteroids for the treatment of urticaria. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from database inception to March 23, 2024, for randomized trials comparing topical corticosteroids with placebo for patients with urticaria (either chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria or acute urticaria elicited from skin/intradermal allergy testing). Paired reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses addressed urticaria severity, itch severity (numeric rating scale; range 0-10; higher is worse), and adverse events. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach informed certainty of evidence ratings. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023455182. RESULTS A total of 19 randomized controlled trials enrolled 379 participants with a median of mean age of 30.1 (range 21.1-44.0) years. Compared with placebo, topical corticosteroids may reduce wheal size (ratio of means 0.47, 95% CI 0.38-0.59; low certainty) and itch severity (mean difference -1.30, 95% CI -5.07 to 2.46; very low certainty). Topical corticosteroids result in little to no difference in overall adverse events (94 fewer patients per 1000, 95% credible intervals 172 fewer to 12 more; high certainty). CONCLUSION Compared with placebo, topical corticosteroids may result in a reduction of wheal size and little to no difference in overall adverse events. Topical corticosteroids may reduce itch severity, but the evidence is very uncertain. Future large, randomized trials addressing the use of topical corticosteroids would further support optimal urticaria management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro W L Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rayner
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiajing Chu
- Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Y H Dong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Waserman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane R Baker
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Javed Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Moellman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David M Lang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - David A Khan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eric T Oliver
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel N Asiniwasis
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Chan
- Emergency Medicine, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily F Cole
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn P Trayes
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Winfred T Frazier
- Department of Family Medicine, UPMC St. Margaret, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Runyon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Wheeler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sanaz Eftekhari
- Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, Arlington, Virginia
| | | | - Tonya Winders
- Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarbjit S Saini
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Research Institue of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Tan SY, Chandran NS, Choi ECE. Steroid Phobia: Is There a Basis? A Review of Topical Steroid Safety, Addiction and Withdrawal. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:835-842. [PMID: 34409577 PMCID: PMC8481181 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing concern amongst patients about topical corticosteroid (TCS) side effects, with increasing discussion of topical steroid addiction (TSA) and topical steroid withdrawal (TSW) particularly on social media platforms. However, the acceptance of TSA/TSW as a distinct condition remains controversial within the dermatological community. We conducted a literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase and Web of Science to identify original articles addressing TSA/TSW. We described the definition and reported clinical features of TSA/TSW including its classification into erythemato-edematous and papulopustular subtype. To assess the validity of TSA/TSW, we summarised and objectively appraised the postulated mechanisms for this condition, including tachyphylaxis, dysregulation of glucocorticoid receptors, rebound vasodilation and impaired skin barrier leading to a cytokine cascade. Understanding the evidence including its limitations and uncertainties highlights areas for future research and helps medical practitioners better counsel and provide care to patients who may be experiencing or who have concerns about TSA/TSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Yilong Tan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Nisha Suyien Chandran
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Ellie Ci-En Choi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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3
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Vadivel JK, Ezhilarasan D, Govindarajan M, Somasundaram E. Therapeutic effectiveness of alternative medications in oral lichen planus: A systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:344-351. [PMID: 33456246 PMCID: PMC7802873 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_68_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucosa. The etiology is unknown but the pathogenesis appears to be an immune-mediated reaction. The mainstay drugs used in the treatment are immunomodulators. The aim of this paper is to report on the therapeutic effectiveness of the alternate medications used in the management of oral lichen planus (OLP). A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Controlled Clinical trials were done for all the papers published until December 2019. The search resulted in a total of 20 studies that were found suitable for the review. The results showed that the reduction in pain, treatment effectiveness was comparable between the steroids and alternative medications. However, the alternative medications had a therapeutic advantage in studies that had used placebo as controls and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No major adverse effects were reported with the usage of alternative medications. There is definitely a therapeutic potential in the usage of alternative medications in the management of OLP. In terms of therapeutic effectiveness, they are on par with the immunomodulators. These alternative medications offer us a new therapeutic option in the management of OLP without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth Kumar Vadivel
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meera Govindarajan
- Consultant Pathologist, R and D Histopath Labs, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elangovan Somasundaram
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KSR Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Katoh N, Ohya Y, Ikeda M, Ebihara T, Katayama I, Saeki H, Shimojo N, Tanaka A, Nakahara T, Nagao M, Hide M, Fujita Y, Fujisawa T, Futamura M, Masuda K, Murota H, Yamamoto-Hanada K. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis 2018. J Dermatol 2019; 46:1053-1101. [PMID: 31599013 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease characterized by relapsing eczema with pruritus as a primary lesion. The current strategies to treat AD in Japan from the perspective of evidence-based medicine consist of three primary measures: (i) the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment as the main treatment for the inflammation; (ii) topical application of emollients to treat the cutaneous barrier dysfunction; and (iii) avoidance of apparent exacerbating factors, psychological counseling and advice about daily life. The guidelines present recommendations to review clinical research articles, evaluate the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of medical activities, and optimize medical activity-related patient outcomes with respect to several important points requiring decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Pediatric Acute Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacuetical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ebihara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nihon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Division of, Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Division of, Allergy, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Futamura
- Division of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kishibe M, Baida G, Bhalla P, Lavker RM, Schlosser B, Iinuma S, Yoshida S, Dudley JT, Budunova I. Important role of kallikrein 6 for the development of keratinocyte proliferative resistance to topical glucocorticoids. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69479-69488. [PMID: 27283773 PMCID: PMC5342492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids is cutaneous atrophy often followed by development of resistance to steroids (tachyphylaxis). Previously we showed that after two weeks, interfollicular mouse keratinocytes acquired resistance to anti-proliferative effects of glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA). One of the top genes activated by FA during tachyphylaxis was Klk6 encoding kallikrein-related peptidase 6, known to enhance keratinocyte proliferation. KLK6 was also strongly induced by chronic glucocorticoids in human skin. Double immunostaining showed that KLK6+ keratinocytes, localized in suprabasal layer of mouse skin, were frequently adjacent to proliferating 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive basal keratinocytes. We used KLK6 knockout (KO) mice to evaluate KLK6 role in skin regeneration after steroid-induced atrophy. KLK6 KOs had thinner epidermis and decreased keratinocyte proliferation. The keratinocytes in wild type and KLK6 KO epidermis were equally sensitive to acute anti-proliferative effect of FA. However, the development of proliferative resistance during chronic treatment was reduced in KO epidermis. This was not due to the changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression or function as GR protein level and induction of GR-target genes were similar in wild type and KLK6 KO skin. Overall, these results suggest a novel mechanism of epidermal regeneration after glucocorticoid-induced atrophy via KLK6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kishibe
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sin Iinuma
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Saeki H, Nakahara T, Tanaka A, Kabashima K, Sugaya M, Murota H, Ebihara T, Kataoka Y, Aihara M, Etoh T, Katoh N. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis 2016. J Dermatol 2017; 43:1117-1145. [PMID: 27076388 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disease characterized by relapsing eczema with pruritus as a primary lesion. Most patients have an atopic predisposition. The definitive diagnosis of AD requires the presence of all three features: (i) pruritus; (ii) typical morphology and distribution of the eczema; and (iii) chronic and chronically relapsing course. The current strategies to treat AD in Japan from the perspective of evidence-based medicine consist of three primary measures: (i) the use of topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment as the main treatment for the inflammation; (ii) topical application of emollients to treat the cutaneous barrier dysfunction; and (iii) avoidance of apparent exacerbating factors, psychological counseling and advice about daily life. The guidelines present recommendations to review clinical research articles, evaluate the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of medical activities, and optimize medical activity-related patient outcomes with respect to several important points requiring decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nihon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ebihara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kataoka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino, Japan
| | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Etoh
- Division of Dermatology, Tokyo Teishin Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
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7
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An investigator-initiated, double-blind, vehicle-controlled pilot study: assessment for tachyphylaxis to topically occluded halobetasol 0.05% ointment in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:954-959.e1. [PMID: 24929883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroids are the most common first-line treatment for psoriasis. Tachyphylaxis, a decreased response to treatment with repetitive application of the drug, is a controversial phenomenon associated with topical corticosteroid treatment. OBJECTIVE We sought to prove or disprove tachyphylaxis to occluded halobetasol 0.05% versus vehicle. METHODS Patients with plaque psoriasis were recruited to this study. The study involved 3 phases (1, 2A, and 2B) with each phase being separated by a treatment vacation period. In phases 1 and 2A, 2 plaques were randomized to either halobetasol 0.05% or vehicle ointment application. In phase 2B, halobetasol 0.05% was applied to both. Target Lesion Severity Scale was used for clinical assessment. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled. No difference in time to clearance (P=.88) or time to recurrence (P=.92) of the treated plaques was found between phases 1 and 2A. Percentage of improvement was higher in phase 2A compared with phase 1 (89.4%, P<.05 vs 71%, P<.05), as a result of reduction of vehicle effect. In phase 2B, a greater improvement was found for previously corticosteroid-treated plaques. LIMITATIONS Limitations are small sample size and 1 corticosteroid tested. CONCLUSION No evidence of tachyphylaxis to the topical corticosteroid halobetasol 0.05% ointment treatment in patients with plaque psoriasis was found.
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Abstract
Itch, or pruritus, is the predominant symptom associated with acute and chronic cutaneous disease, and in some cases may be debilitating. To date, there is no single universally effective anti-itch treatment. Because the pathophysiology of itch in most cutaneous or systemic disorders remains unclear, antipruritic therapy is often directed against a variety of targets, including the epidermal barrier, immune system, or the nervous system. Topical therapy is the mainstay of dermatologic management of acute or localized itch or in patients with contraindications to systemic therapies. This review will summarize current topical therapies to treat pruritus and discuss potential future therapies.
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Singh S, Singh S, Pandey S. Effect of duration of application and dosing frequency on the efficacy of topical 0.1% mometasone furoate ointment in psoriasis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639809160685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Nolan A, Badminton J, Maguire J, Seymour RA. The efficacy of topical hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:299-303. [PMID: 19267842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical hyaluronic acid (HA) gel preparation (0.2%) in the management of oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS A total of 124 patients with erosive OLP participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of a topical HA preparation. Outcome measures included soreness relief following immediate application, oral function and size of erosive/ulcerative area. Patients were medicated for 28 days and completed a log diary recording oral function and soreness scores. RESULTS Application of topical HA produced a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in soreness scores when compared with placebo for up to 4 h post-application. There was no difference between treatment groups (P > 0.05) with respect to oral function. Patients treated with 0.2% HA showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the size of the erosive/ulcerated area after 28 days of treatment when compared with baseline. There was no significant difference in changes in ulcerative areas between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Topical HA (0.2%) does appear to be of some benefit in the management of erosive lichen planus providing efficacy for up to 4 h after administration. Very frequent applications should be considered to obtain a more significant clinical benefit. Topical HA gel may be a useful addition to the treatment option for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nolan
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Dundee, Dental School, Dundee, UK
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11
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Ehrchen J, Sunderkötter C, Luger T, Steinhoff M. Calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 9:3009-23. [PMID: 19006475 DOI: 10.1517/14656560802498040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by periods of remission and relapse. Therapeutic objectives for AD should be to quickly reduce disease symptoms by targeting pathophysiological pathways, and to provide long-term management by reducing recurrences. OBJECTIVE Calcineurin inhibitors currently appear to be one of the most promising alternative systemic and topical compounds to treat AD. This review focuses on new developments of topical calcineurin inhibitors, therapeutic regimens including long-term management, and prophylaxis of AD. METHODS The published clinical studies that present data on treatment of AD with calcineurin inhibitors were assessed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus provide an effective treatment for AD. They are useful for long-term management and prophylaxis of AD. Safety concerns with regard to increased risk for lymphomas or skin cancer could not be confirmed but will remain under careful observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ehrchen
- University Hospital Münster, Boltzmann-Institute for Cell- and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Münster, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Clobetasol propionate foam (clobetasol foam), a new formulation of the superpotent corticosteroid, has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive properties. It was reported that the absorption rate of clobetasol was greater from the foam than from the solution in cadaver skin. In patients with moderate to severe scalp psoriasis, topical application of clobetasol 0.05% foam twice daily for 2 weeks induced significant improvement of all signs and symptoms of the disease compared with placebo. Compared with clobetasol 0.05% solution, clobetasol foam demonstrated greater improvement of scaling after 2 weeks of treatment and after 2 weeks of follow-up. The investigator's global assessment rated 74% of patients in the clobetasol foam group to be clear or almost clear (90 to 100%) of scalp psoriasis compared with 10% of the placebo foam group. Adverse events at the application site of clobetasol 0.05% foam were limited to one case each of dry skin, eczema, and skin hypertrophy. Clobetasol foam 7 g/day for 2 weeks induced reversible suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in 3 out of 13 patients (methodology of assessment not provided).
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Melian
- Adis International Inc, Langhorne, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Cole ZA, Clough GF, Church MK. Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the mast cell-dependent weal and flare response in human skin in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:286-92. [PMID: 11156588 PMCID: PMC1572547 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This study examines the relative contributions made by inhibition of mast cell degranulation, reduction of mast cell recruitment and maturation, and lowering the responsiveness of the vasculature to histamine, in the inhibition by glucocorticoids of the weal and flare in human skin. 2. One forearm of healthy human volunteers was treated for 24 h (n=6) or daily for 21 days (n=10) with 0.05% clobetasol propionate. The other arm served as control. Weal and flare responses were elicited by intradermal injection of 20 microl of 0.3 mM codeine. The areas of the responses were measured using scanning laser Doppler imaging. Microdialysis was used to assess histamine release. Mast cell numbers and tissue histamine content were assessed in 4-mm punch biopsies. Histamine (20 microl of 1 microM i.d.) was used to assess the status of the vasculature. 3. No significant effects were seen at 24 h. At 21 days, clobetasol reduced the areas of the codeine-induced weal and flare responses by 59 and 58% respectively (both P=0.006). Mast cell numbers were reduced by 47%, (P=0.014) and total tissue histamine content by 52% (P=0.006). Codeine-induced histamine release was reduced by 44% (P=0.022). The weal, but not the flare, induced by histamine was significantly inhibited (P=0.019). Echography revealed a 15% thinning of the skin by clobetasol. 4. These results demonstrate that reduction of the weal and flare responses to codeine following clobetasol treatment, results primarily from reduced mast cell numbers and tissue histamine content rather than inhibition by corticosteroids of mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Cole
- Dermatopharmacology Unit, Allergy and Inflammation Sciences, South Block 825, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD
| | - Geraldine F Clough
- Dermatopharmacology Unit, Allergy and Inflammation Sciences, South Block 825, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD
| | - Martin K Church
- Dermatopharmacology Unit, Allergy and Inflammation Sciences, South Block 825, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD
- Author for correspondence:
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Singh S, Reddy DC, Pandey SS. Topical therapy for psoriasis with the use of augmented betamethasone and calcipotriene on alternate weeks. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43:61-5. [PMID: 10863225 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroids, commonly used for psoriasis, show diminished response on continuous use. OBJECTIVE We tested efficacy of topical corticosteroid and calcipotriene used on alternate weeks versus daily corticosteroid in patients with psoriasis. METHODS In a randomized, observer-blind design, the experimental group of 25 patients with stable plaque psoriasis received augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream once daily in the first and third weeks and calcipotriene 0.005% ointment twice daily in the second and fourth weeks. The control group of 27 patients received augmented betamethasone once daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS The experimental regimen was more effective than the control regimen as evidenced by (1) more patients with at least a 90% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (difference 49.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.1%-72.9%, P <. 001), (2) lower PASI after 2 weeks (P < or =.04), and (3) greater percentage reduction in PASI after 2 and 4 weeks (difference 23.1% [CI, 11.1%-35.1%] and 46.4% [28.9%-63.8%], respectively; P <.001). The study had power of 93.7%. No patient had skin irritation. CONCLUSION Use of augmented betamethasone and calcipotriene on alternate weeks is more effective than daily corticosteroid and represents a novel strategy for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current literature regarding the medical treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). DATA SOURCES PubMed on-line Medline data searches were carried out for the years 1966-1998 to identify reports on therapy of OLP. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION Single case reports or open trials were included if they covered new therapeutic approaches or suggested significant modifications of known treatment modalities. Review papers were limited to those dealing with the topic. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Every paper was critically examined. Because of the great heterogeneity of the response criteria, many data could not be directly compared. Stronger weight was given to therapies that have proven to be effective under placebo-controlled research protocols. Attention was also drawn to potential and effective adverse effects of every drug used. CONCLUSIONS Among the various medications advocated for the treatment of OLP, several lack conclusive findings from adequately controlled trials. Mainly high-potency topical corticosteroids in an adhesive medium appear at present the safest and most efficacious. Adjuvant agents as antimycotics may be useful in topical steroid treatment. Systemic corticosteroids may be occasionally indicated for severe recalcitrant erosive OLP or for diffuse mucocutaneous involvement. Topical cyclosporine should be considered in steroid-unresponsive cases considering that its efficacy in OLP could be related to a systemic effect and its high cost. Classical PUVA therapy seems to have too many side effects; topical application of psoralen is promising but still experimental. Topically and systemically delivered retinoids combined with topical corticosteroids could improve the efficacy of these agents whereas complete remission is difficult to achieve with retinoids alone and they frequently cause adverse effects. Finally, there are only few data concerning the long-term effect of the medical treatments upon the course of OLP and we do not know if therapy influences the malignant evolution of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrozzo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, Italy
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Veien NK, Olholm Larsen P, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Schou G. Long-term, intermittent treatment of chronic hand eczema with mometasone furoate. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:882-6. [PMID: 10354026 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hand eczema can be incapacitating, and there is little knowledge of the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with topical corticosteroids. We compared the efficacy and safety of two different schedules for the treatment of chronic hand eczema with a potent topical corticosteroid, mometasone furoate. In a prospective, open, randomized trial, 120 patients with chronic hand eczema were treated daily with mometasone furoate fatty cream until the dermatitis cleared or for a maximum of 9 weeks. Those who cleared were randomized to treatment for up to 36 weeks with mometasone furoate on Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday (group A), mometasone furoate on Saturday and Sunday (group B) or no further corticosteroid treatment (group C). In the event of relapse, patients were permitted daily treatment with mometasone furoate for 3 weeks on two separate occasions. For 50 of 106 randomized patients, daily treatment for 3 weeks controlled their dermatitis; 29 needed 6 weeks and 27 needed 9 weeks of treatment. During the maintenance phase, 29 of 35 (83%) in group A, 25 of 37 (68%) in group B and nine of 34 (26%) in group C had no recurrences (P = 0.001, chi2-test). Side-effects were minimal. It is concluded that long-term, intermittent treatment of chronic hand eczema with mometasone furoate fatty cream is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Veien
- The Dermatology Clinic, Vesterbro 99, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Villena C, Vivas JM, Villar AM. Ocular inflammation models by topical application: croton-oil induced uveitis. Curr Eye Res 1999; 18:3-9. [PMID: 10075197 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.18.1.3.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present investigation was to develop a new ocular inflammation model in the rabbit by comparison of the inflammation response induced by the topical application of several irritating agents (carrageenan, Freund's adjuvant, alkali and croton oil). METHODS The following parameters were determined after the application of each irritant to the eyes of female, white, New Zealand rabbits: Corneal edema and the Tyndall effect (slit-lamp biomicroscopy), corneal thickness (biometer-pachometer) and aqueous humor levels of the prostaglandin E2 (R.I.A), total protein (Weichselbaum technique), albumin, albumin/globulin (Doumas technique) and leukocytes (coulter counter). RESULTS Croton oil 1-4% (40 microl) produced edema and a Tyndall which showed a proportional increase with croton oil concentration. Ultrasonic pachometer measurement of the variation in corneal thickness (3-168 h) showed a dose-dependent response (p<0.01) from the 8th to the 168th hour. Uveitis and considerable increases in the levels of the prostaglandin E2 (4.50+/-0.40 pg/0.1 ml vs. 260.03+/-2.03 pg/0.1 ml), total protein (0.25+/-0.05 g/l vs. 2.10+/-0.08 g/l), albumin, albumin/globulin and leukocytes were observed in the aqueous humor 24 h after topical application of croton oil 3% (40 microl). All the values obtained were statistically significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The topical application of 3% croton oil (40 microl) was most appropriate for the evaluation of the inflammatory process in the anterior chamber and for the determination of the effects of intraocular penetration. The inflammatory mechanism in this model is thought to involve the activation of the arachidonic acid pathway accompanied by the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier permitting high molecular weight proteins to enter the aqueous humor. Typology: anterior uveitis with corneal edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Villena
- Escuela Universitaria de Opitica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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