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Su Q, Wang F, Dong Z, Chen M, Cao R. IFN‑γ induces apoptosis in human melanocytes by activating the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3111-3116. [PMID: 32945463 PMCID: PMC7453586 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of janus kinase (JAK)1/STAT1 in interferon (IFN)-γ-induced apoptosis in human melanocytes. Following IFN-γ treatment, the viability of human melanocytes were analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the apoptotic rate was determined using flow cytometry. Western blotting was also performed to analyze the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, JAK2 and the transcriptional factor STAT1, as well as the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer (Bak) and cleaved caspase-3. Finally, following the pretreatment with the STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine, human melanocytes were treated with IFN-γ and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate. The results revealed that IFN-γ reduced the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of human melanocytes. In addition, IFN-γ treatment led to decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 and increased expression levels of Bax, Bak and cleaved caspase-3, alongside the activation of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway. Conversely, the pretreatment with the STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine decreased the apoptotic rate of human melanocytes following IFN-γ induction. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that IFN-γ may induce the apoptosis of human melanocytes by activating the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway, alongside increasing the expression levels of Bax, Bak and cleaved caspase-3, and decreasing the expression levels of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Su
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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3
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Raam L, Kaleviste E, Šunina M, Vaher H, Saare M, Prans E, Pihlap M, Abram K, Karelson M, Peterson P, Rebane A, Kisand K, Kingo K. Lymphoid Stress Surveillance Response Contributes to Vitiligo Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2707. [PMID: 30515176 PMCID: PMC6255962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic multifactorial depigmentation disorder characterized by the destruction and functional loss of melanocytes. Although a direct cytotoxic T cell attack is thought to be responsible for melanocyte damage, the events leading to the loss of self-tolerance toward melanocytic antigens are not understood. This research aimed to identify novel cellular and molecular factors that participate in vitiligo pathogenesis through the application of gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsy samples along with immunophenotyping of circulating cells. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms involved in melanocyte destruction. The upregulation of stress-ligand MICA/MICB, recognized by activating receptors on innate and innate-like T cells, imply involvement of lymphoid stress surveillance responses in vitiligo lesions. A simultaneous increase in the expression of transcription factor EOMES that is characteristic for innate-like virtual memory T cells, suggest a similar scenario. Local lymphoid stress surveillance has been previously associated with the amplification of systemic humoral responses that were mirrored in our study by increased T follicular helper cells and switched memory B cell proportions in patients with active vitiligo. In addition, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 staining was compatible with the activation of autophagy in keratinocytes and in the remaining melanocytes of vitiligo lesional skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Raam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Epp Kaleviste
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marina Šunina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Vaher
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Saare
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ele Prans
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Pihlap
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Karelson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Rodrigues M, Ezzedine K, Hamzavi I, Pandya AG, Harris JE. New discoveries in the pathogenesis and classification of vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Hedges K, Poole R. Vitiligo and lipohypertrophy surrounding insulin injection sites in a patient with type 1 diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hedges
- Diabetes and Endocrinology; Poole Hospital NHS Trust; Poole UK
| | - Ruth Poole
- Diabetes and Endocrinology; Poole Hospital NHS Trust; Poole UK
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6
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Allam M, Riad H. Concise review of recent studies in vitiligo. Qatar Med J 2013; 2013:1-19. [PMID: 25003059 PMCID: PMC4080492 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2013.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentry disorder of the skin and mucous membranes which manifests as white macules and patches due to selective loss of melanocytes. Etiological hypotheses of vitiligo include genetic, immunological, neurohormonal, cytotoxic, biochemical, oxidative stress and newer theories of melanocytorrhagy and decreased melanocytes survival. There are several types of vitiligo which are usually diagnosed clinically and by using a Wood's lamp; also vitiligo may be associated with autoimmune diseases, audiological and ophthalmological findings or it can be a part of polyendocrinopathy syndromes. Several interventions are available for the treatment for vitiligo to stop disease progression and/or to attain repigmentation or even depigmentation. In this article, we will present an overall view of current standing of vitiligo research work especially in the etiological factors most notably the genetic components, also, types and associations and various and newer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Allam
- Dermatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Riad
- Dermatology Department, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Vitiligo in a Patient Treated with Interferon Alpha-2a for Behçet's Disease. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:387140. [PMID: 22952476 PMCID: PMC3431079 DOI: 10.1155/2012/387140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) and vitiligo are diseases of unknown etiology. Interferon (IFN) alpha therapy is commonly used in Behçet uveitis. Interferon treatment in various diseases have also been observed causing certain autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo because of its immunomodulatory activity. The association between IFN therapy and vitiligo has been reported in the literature. We report a 21-year-old man with BD in whom vitiligo occurred during IFN treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such an association.
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