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Lisboa MDO, Selenko AH, Hochuli AHD, Senegaglia AC, Fracaro L, Brofman PRS. The influence of fetal bovine serum concentration on stemness and neuronal differentiation markers in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102571. [PMID: 39353229 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Dental Stem Cells (DSCs) from discarded teeth are a non-invasive and ethically favorable source with the potential for neurogenesis due to their ectodermal origin. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are particularly promising due to their high differentiation potential and relative immaturity compared to other Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs). Markers like CD56 and CD271 are critical in identifying MSC subpopulations for therapeutic applications because of their roles in neurodevelopment and maintaining stemness. This study investigates how fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations affect the expression of CD56 and CD271 in SHED, influencing their stemness and neuronal differentiation potential. SHEDs were isolated from various donors, cultured, and characterized for MSC traits using markers such as CD14, CD19, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD56, and CD271. Culturing SHED in different FBS conditions (standard 15 %, reduced 1 % and 5 %, and FBS-free) showed that lower FBS concentrations increase CD271 and CD56 expression while maintaining the standard MSC immunophenotype. Importantly, the enhanced expression of these markers can be induced even after SHEDs have been expanded in standard FBS concentrations. These findings suggest that FBS concentration can optimize SHED culture conditions, enhancing their suitability for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Oliveira Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil.
| | - Ana Helena Selenko
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Agner Henrique Dorigo Hochuli
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fracaro
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Roberto Slud Brofman
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, 21941-599, Brazil
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2
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Güler C, Yilmaz AM, Kuru L, Ozen B, Agrali OB. The Effect of Tideglusib Application on Type 1 and Type 3 Collagen Expressions by Human Dental-Pulp Derived Stem Cells: A Preliminary Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:1065-1072. [PMID: 39348326 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_866_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Tideglusib cytotoxicity studies and its effects on human dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have been examined in previous studies, there is no study investigating the expression of type 1 collagen and type 3 collagen by Tideglusib. AIM The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Wnt signaling activation using Tideglusib execution on human DPSC to determine its potential efficacy in collagen expression. METHODS Stem cell isolation was performed from five human third molar wisdom tooth pulps. DPSCs identified in only one sample were treated with 50 nM Tideglusib for 24 h and 1 week. Axin-2, type 1 and type 3 collagen expressions were evaluated by Western blot analysis. DPSCs without treatment served as a negative control. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The levels of type 1 collagen and Axin-2 in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 24 h (P = 0.000, P = 0.001, respectively). Compared to the control group, a slight increase in type 3 collagen expression was observed in the test group at 24 h (P value = 0.063). Application of 50 nM Tideglusib for 1 week revealed marked decreases in type 1 and type 3 collagen expressions (P = 0.029, P = 0.038, respectively). In contrast, there was a significant increase in the level of Axin-2 (P = 0.000) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The fact that Wnt signaling pathway activation obtained by Tideglusib application on DPSCs confirmed by the finding in the increase of Axin-2 at short and long-term evaluation periods which is resulted in the increase in the type 1 collagen expression at 24 h and decrease at 1 week together with the decrease in type 3 collagen expression at 1 week warrants further studies to evaluate the effect of Tideglusib on extracellular matrix expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Güler
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A M Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Ozen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O B Agrali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Farshbaf A, Mottaghi M, Mohammadi M, Monsef K, Mirhashemi M, Attaran Khorasani A, Mohtasham N. Regenerative application of oral and maxillofacial 3D organoids based on dental pulp stem cell. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102451. [PMID: 38936200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) originate from the neural crest and the present mesenchymal phenotype showed self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into at least three lineages. DPSCs are easily isolated with minimal harm, no notable ethical constraints, and without general anesthesia to the donor individuals. Furthermore, cryopreservation of DPSCs provides this opportunity for autologous transplantation in future studies without fundamental changes in stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiating features. Current approaches for pulp tissue regeneration include pulp revascularization, cell-homing-based regenerative endodontic treatment (RET), cell-transplantation-based regenerative endodontic treatment, and allogeneic transplantation. In recent years, a novel technology, organoid, provides a mimic physiological condition and tissue construct that can be applied for tissue engineering, genetic manipulation, disease modeling, single-cell high throughput analysis, living biobank, cryopreserving and maintaining cells, and therapeutic approaches based on personalized medicine. The organoids can be a reliable preclinical prediction model for evaluating cell behavior, monitoring drug response or resistance, and comparing healthy and pathological conditions for therapeutic and prognostic approaches. In the current review, we focused on the promising application of 3D organoid technology based on DPSCs in oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration. We discussed encountering challenges and limitations, and found promising solutions to overcome obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Farshbaf
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mottaghi
- School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kouros Monsef
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mirhashemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Schmidt J, Pavlík V, Suchánek J, Nešporová K, Soukup T, Kapitán M, Pilbauerová N. Low, medium, and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid effects on human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127220. [PMID: 37827401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular biopolymer found throughout the human body, holds promise as a biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold material. High molecular weight (HMW) HA degrades, generating low molecular weight (LMW) fragments with distinct properties. These fragments can influence the behaviour of cells, including human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) incorporated into HA-containing hydrogels or scaffolds. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of the impact of a range of HA molecular weights on hDPSCs is essential before designing HA-based scaffolds for these cells. hDPSC lines were cultured with LMW HA (800 Da, 1600 Da, 15 kDa), medium molecular weight HA (237 kDa), or HMW HA (1500 kDa) over six passages. The various molecular weights had negligible effects on hDPSCs viability, morphology, adhesion, or relative telomere length. Furthermore, the expression of key surface stemness markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90) remained unaltered. HA did not induce osteogenic, chondrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, the potential for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was not adversely affected by LMW or HMW HA. Various molecular weights of HA seem safe, biocompatible and therefore suitable components for hDPSCs-containing scaffolds. These findings affirm that the hDPCSs will not be negatively affected by HA fragments resulting from scaffold degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schmidt
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Suchánek
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Nešporová
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Contipro a.s., 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kapitán
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Pilbauerová
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Shopova D, Mihaylova A, Yaneva A, Bakova D. Advancing Dentistry through Bioprinting: Personalization of Oral Tissues. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:530. [PMID: 37888196 PMCID: PMC10607235 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in dental tissue restoration and the use of prostheses for addressing tooth loss, the prevailing clinical approaches remain somewhat inadequate for replicating native dental tissue characteristics. The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a promising innovation within the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This technology offers notable precision and efficiency, thereby introducing a fresh avenue for tissue regeneration. Unlike the traditional framework encompassing scaffolds, cells, and signaling factors, 3D bioprinting constitutes a contemporary addition to the arsenal of tissue engineering tools. The ongoing shift from conventional dentistry to a more personalized paradigm, principally under the guidance of bioprinting, is poised to exert a significant influence in the foreseeable future. This systematic review undertakes the task of aggregating and analyzing insights related to the application of bioprinting in the context of regenerative dentistry. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive literature survey spanning the years 2019 to 2023 was performed across prominent databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The landscape of regenerative dentistry has ushered in novel prospects for dentoalveolar treatments and personalized interventions. This review expounds on contemporary accomplishments and avenues for the regeneration of pulp-dentin, bone, periodontal tissues, and gingival tissues. The progressive strides achieved in the realm of bioprinting hold the potential to not only enhance the quality of life but also to catalyze transformative shifts within the domains of medical and dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromira Shopova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Mihaylova
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (D.B.)
| | - Antoniya Yaneva
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics and eLearning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Bakova
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (D.B.)
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Li X, Wang Y, Huang D, Jiang Z, He Z, Luo M, Lei J, Xiao Y. Nanomaterials Modulating the Fate of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Involved in Oral Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5377-5406. [PMID: 37753067 PMCID: PMC10519211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical challenges in repairing oral soft and hard tissue defects are infection control and the recovery of functions. Compared to conventional tissue regeneration methods, nano-bioactive materials have become the optimal materials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are a particular type of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with great potential in tissue regeneration and differentiation. This paper presents a review of the application of various nano-bioactive materials for the induction of differentiation of DMSCs in oral and maxillofacial restorations in recent years, outlining the characteristics of DMSCs, detailing the biological regulatory effects of various nano-materials on stem cells and summarizing the material-induced differentiation of DMSCs into multiple types of tissue-induced regeneration strategies. Nanomaterials are different and complementary to each other. These studies are helpful for the development of new nanoscientific research technology and the clinical transformation of tissue reconstruction technology and provide a theoretical basis for the application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants. We extensively searched for papers related to tissue engineering bioactive constructs based on MSCs and nanomaterials in the databases of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "mesenchymal stem cells", "nanotechnology", "biomaterials", "dentistry" and "tissue regeneration". From 2013 to 2023, we selected approximately 150 articles that align with our philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Li
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Denghao Huang
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu He
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoxuan Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lei
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chengbei Outpatient, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Uribe-Etxebarria V, Pineda JR, García-Gallastegi P, Agliano A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Notch and Wnt Signaling Modulation to Enhance DPSC Stemness and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087389. [PMID: 37108549 PMCID: PMC10138690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dental Pulp of permanent human teeth is home to stem cells with remarkable multilineage differentiation ability: human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). These cells display a very notorious expression of pluripotency core factors, and the ability to give rise to mature cell lineages belonging to the three embryonic layers. For these reasons, several researchers in the field have long considered human DPSCs as pluripotent-like cells. Notably, some signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt contribute to maintaining the stemness of these cells through a complex network involving metabolic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The use of recombinant proteins and selective pharmacological modulators of Notch and Wnt pathways, together with serum-free media and appropriate scaffolds that allow the maintenance of the non-differentiated state of hDPSC cultures could be an interesting approach to optimize the potency of these stem cells, without a need for genetic modification. In this review, we describe and integrate findings that shed light on the mechanisms responsible for stemness maintenance of hDPSCs, and how these are regulated by Notch/Wnt activation, drawing some interesting parallelisms with pluripotent stem cells. We summarize previous work on the stem cell field that includes interactions between epigenetics, metabolic regulations, and pluripotency core factor expression in hDPSCs and other stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa Leioa, Sede Building, 3rd Floor, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Gallastegi
- Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alice Agliano
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fernando Unda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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A comparison study of dental pulp stem cells derived from healthy and orthodontically intruded human permanent teeth for mesenchymal stem cell characterisation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279129. [PMID: 36574419 PMCID: PMC9794037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) derived from healthy human permanent teeth with those that were orthodontically-intruded to serve as potential Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Recruited subjects were treated with orthodontic intrusion on one side of the maxillary first premolar while the opposite side served as the control for a period of six weeks before the dental pulp was extracted. Isolated DPSCs from both the control and intruded samples were analyzed, looking at the morphology, growth kinetics, cell surface marker profile, and multilineage differentiation for MSC characterisation. Our study showed that cells isolated from both groups were able to attach to the cell culture flask, exhibited fibroblast-like morphology under light microscopy, able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages as well as tested positive for MSCs cell surface markers CD90 and CD105 but negative for haematopoietic cell surface markers CD34 and HLA-DR. Both groups displayed a trend of gradually increasing population doubling time from passage 1 to passage 5. Viable DPSCs from both groups were successfully recovered from their cryopreserved state. In conclusion, DPSCs in the dental pulp of upper premolar not only remained viable after 6 weeks of orthodontic intrusion using fixed appliances but also able to develop into MSCs.
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiate into Cementoid-Like-Secreting Cells on Decellularized Teeth Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415588. [PMID: 36555228 PMCID: PMC9779305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that in some cases can cause tooth loss. Cementum is a mineralized tissue that forms part of the insertion periodontium and serves to fix the teeth to the alveolar bone. In addition, it acts as a reservoir of different growth and differentiation factors, which regulate the biology of the teeth. Cementogenesis is a complex process that is still under investigation and involves different factors, including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). In this work we studied the role of surface microtopography in the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into cementoid-like secreting cells. We cultured hDPSCs on decellularized dental scaffolds on either dentin or cementum surfaces. Cell morphology was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. We also evaluated the DSPP expression by immunohistochemistry. The hDPSCs that was cultured on surfaces with accessible dentinal tubules acquired an odontoblastic phenotype and emitted characteristic processes within the dentinal tubules. These cells synthesized the matrix components of a characteristic reticular connective tissue, with fine collagen fibers and DSPP deposits. The hDPSCs that was cultured on cementum surfaces generated a well-organized tissue consisting of layers of secretory cells and dense fibrous connective tissue with thick bundles of collagen fibers perpendicular to the scaffold surface. Intra- and intercellular deposits of DSPP were also observed. The results presented here reinforce the potential for hDPSCs to differentiate in vitro into cells that secrete a cementoid-like matrix in response to the physical stimuli related to the microtopography of contact surfaces. We also highlight the role of DSPP as a component of the newly formed matrix.
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Dieterle MP, Gross T, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Becker K, Vach K, Kremer K, Proksch S. Characterization of a Stemness-Optimized Purification Method for Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells: An Approach to Standardization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203204. [PMID: 36291072 PMCID: PMC9600643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising for oral/craniofacial regeneration, but their purification and characterization is not yet standardized. hDPSCs from three donors were purified by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-assisted STRO-1-positive cell enrichment (+), colony derivation (c), or a combination of both (c/+). Immunophenotype, clonogenicity, stemness marker expression, senescence, and proliferation were analyzed. Multilineage differentiation was assessed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and extracellular matrix mineralization. To confirm the credibility of the results, repeated measures analysis and post hoc p-value adjustment were applied. All hDPSC fractions expressed STRO-1 and were similar for several surface markers, while their clonogenicity and expression of CD10/44/105/146, and 166 varied with the purification method. (+) cells proliferated significantly faster than (c/+), while (c) showed the highest increase in metabolic activity. Colony formation was most efficient in (+) cells, which also exhibited the lowest cellular senescence. All hDPSCs produced mineralized extracellular matrix. Regarding osteogenic induction, (c/+) revealed a significant increase in mRNA expression of COL5A1 and COL6A1, while osteogenic marker genes were detected at varying levels. (c/+) were the only population missing BDNF gene transcription increase during neurogenic induction. All hDPSCs were able to differentiate into chondrocytes. In summary, the three hDPSCs populations showed differences in phenotype, stemness, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. The data suggest that STRO-1-positive cell enrichment is the optimal choice for hDPSCs purification to maintain hDPSCs stemness. Furthermore, an (immuno) phenotypic characterization is the minimum requirement for quality control in hDPSCs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27047460
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kremer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Schepici G, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. Serum-Free Cultures: Could They Be a Future Direction to Improve Neuronal Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126391. [PMID: 35742836 PMCID: PMC9223839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with multilinear potential, known for their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Although the scientific community is working to improve their application, concerns limit their use to repair tissues following neurological damage. One of these obstacles is represented by the use of culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), which, due to its xenogenic nature and the risk of contamination, has increased scientific, ethical and safety problems. Therefore, the use of serum-free media could improve MSC culture methods, avoiding infectious and immunogenic transmission problems as well as MSC bioprocesses, without the use of animal components. The purpose of our review is to provide an overview of experimental studies that demonstrate that serum-free cultures, along with the supplementation of growth factors or chemicals, can lead to a more defined and controlled environment, enhancing the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs.
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Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Finding Superior Quality "Needles" in a Dental Pulpal "Haystack" for Regenerative Medicine-Based Applications. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9127074. [PMID: 35027930 PMCID: PMC8752304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9127074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells (hDPSCs) derived from the permanent secondary dentition are recognised to possess certain advantageous traits, which support their potential use as a viable source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine-based applications. However, the well-established heterogeneous nature of hDPSC subpopulations, coupled with their limited numbers within dental pulp tissues, has impeded our understanding of hDPSC biology and the translation of sufficient quantities of these cells from laboratory research, through successful therapy development and clinical applications. This article reviews our current understanding of hDPSC biology and the evidence underpinning the molecular basis of their heterogeneity, which may be exploited to distinguish individual subpopulations with specific or superior characteristics for regenerative medicine applications. Pertinent unanswered questions which still remain, regarding the developmental origins, hierarchical organisation, and stem cell niche locations of hDPSC subpopulations and their roles in hDPSC heterogeneity and functions, will further be explored. Ultimately, a greater understanding of how key features, such as specific cell surface, senescence and other relevant genes, and protein and metabolic markers, delineate between hDPSC subpopulations with contrasting stemness, proliferative, multipotency, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other relevant properties is required. Such knowledge advancements will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel screening, isolation, and purification strategies, permitting the routine and effective identification, enrichment, and expansion of more desirable hDPSC subpopulations for regenerative medicine-based applications. Furthermore, such innovative measures could lead to improved cell expansion, manufacture, and banking procedures, thereby supporting the translational development of hDPSC-based therapies in the future.
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Bagio DA, Julianto I, Margono A, Suprastiwi E. Increased VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) Cultured with Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF). Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
VEGF-A expression of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) can induce the angiogenesis process of dental pulp regeneration. This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of various concentrations of Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) conditioned media (CM) on the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) of hDPSCs.
Methods:
hDPSCs were collected from ten third molars extracted from nine healthy donors, cultured, and then harvested at the end of the third passage. The hDPSCs were seeded in four different CM (control group: hDPSCs + DMEM; 1% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 1% A-PRF CM; 5% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 5% A-PRF CM; 10% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 10% A-PRF CM). All of the groups were cultured in biological triplicates (Triplo) and observed for 5, 12, and 24 hours. The VEGF-A protein expression of hDPSCs was measured using human VEGF-A ELISA at a wavelength of 405 nm. Data was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and post hoc Mann Whitney test with p<0.05.
Results:
The VEGF-A expression rate of hDPSCs among all groups was statistically significantly different at 5, 12 and 24 hours of observations (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis test showed a statistically significant difference of hDPSCs’s VEGF-A expression between 5% A-PRF groups compared to other groups at 5 and 12 hours of observation (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences observed of hDPSCs’ VEGF-A expression at 24 hours of observation between 1%, 5% and 10% A-PRF groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
5% A-PRF CM was superior in increasing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs at 5, 12 and 24 hours of observations.
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Li M, Wang Q, Han Q, Wu J, Zhu H, Fang Y, Bi X, Chen Y, Yao C, Wang X. Novel Molecule Nell-1 Promotes the Angiogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:703593. [PMID: 34512380 PMCID: PMC8427597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.703593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This work aimed to reveal the crucial role of Nell-1 in the angiogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) alone or co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro and whether this molecule is involved in the pulp exposure model in vivo. Methods Immunofluorescence was conducted to ascertain the location of Nell-1 on DPSCs, HUVECs, and normal rat dental tissues. RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to observe the expression levels of angiogenic markers and determine the angiogenic differentiation of Nell-1 on DPSCs alone or co-cultured with HUVECs, as well as in vitro tube formation assay. Blood vessel number for all groups was observed and compared using immunohistochemistry by establishing a rat pulp exposure model. Results Nell-1 is highly expressed in the nucleus of DPSCs and HUVECs and is co-expressed with angiogenic markers in normal rat pulp tissues. Hence, Nell-1 can promote the angiogenic marker expression in DPSCs alone and co-cultured with other cells and can enhance angiogenesis in vitro as well as in the pulp exposure model. Conclusion Nell-1 may play a positive role in the angiogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiameng Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongfan Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuting Bi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Nováková S, Danchenko M, Okajčeková T, Baranovičová E, Kováč A, Grendár M, Beke G, Pálešová J, Strnádel J, Janíčková M, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Comparative Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Human Osteoblasts, Differentiated from Dental Pulp Stem Cells, Hinted Crucial Signaling Pathways Promoting Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157908. [PMID: 34360674 PMCID: PMC8347416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging has been a global trend for the last decades, which increases the pressure to develop new cell-based or drug-based therapies, including those that may cure bone diseases. To understand molecular processes that underlie bone development and turnover, we followed osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) using a specific induction medium. The differentiation process imitating in vivo osteogenesis is triggered by various signaling pathways and is associated with massive proteome and metabolome changes. Proteome was profiled by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and comprehensively quantified by ion mobility-enhanced mass spectrometry. From 2667 reproducibly quantified and identified proteins, 432 were differentially abundant by strict statistic criteria. Metabolome profiling was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance. From 27 detected metabolites, 8 were differentially accumulated. KEGG and MetaboAnalyst hinted metabolic pathways that may be involved in the osteogenic process. Enrichment analysis of differentially abundant proteins highlighted PPAR, FoxO, JAK-STAT, IL-17 signaling pathways, biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and steroids, mineral absorption, and fatty acid metabolism as processes with prominent impact on osteoinduction. In parallel, metabolomic data showed that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as well as specific amino acids, likely promote osteodifferentiation. Targeted immunoassays validated and complemented omic results. Our data underlined the complexity of the osteogenic mechanism. Finally, we proposed promising targets for future validation in patient samples, a step toward the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomíra Nováková
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (H.Š.); Tel.: +421-43-2633-904 (S.N.); +421-43-2633-904 (H.Š.)
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Terézia Okajčeková
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Marián Grendár
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Gábor Beke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Pálešová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Mária Janíčková
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital in Martin and JFM CU, Kollárova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), Malá Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (T.O.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (H.Š.); Tel.: +421-43-2633-904 (S.N.); +421-43-2633-904 (H.Š.)
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Li B, Ouchi T, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Men Y. Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654559. [PMID: 34239870 PMCID: PMC8258348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs' functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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The Effects of Cryogenic Storage on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094432. [PMID: 33922674 PMCID: PMC8122943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of easily accessible adult mesenchymal stem cell. Due to their ease of access, DPSCs show great promise in regenerative medicine. However, the tooth extractions from which DPSCs can be obtained are usually performed at a period of life when donors would have no therapeutic need of them. For this reason, it is imperative that successful stem cell storage techniques are employed so that these cells remain viable for future use. Any such techniques must result in high post-thaw stem cell recovery without compromising stemness, proliferation, or multipotency. Uncontrolled-rate freezing is not a technically or financially demanding technique compared to expensive and laborious controlled-rate freezing techniques. This study was aimed at observing the effect of uncontrolled-rate freezing on DPSCs stored for 6 and 12 months. Dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10% was used as a cryoprotective agent. Various features such as shape, proliferation capacity, phenotype, and multipotency were studied after DPSC thawing. The DPSCs did not compromise their stemness, viability, proliferation, or differentiating capabilities, even after one year of cryopreservation at −80 °C. After thawing, they retained their stemness markers and low-level expression of hematopoietic markers. We observed a size reduction in recovery DPSCs after one year of storage. This observation indicates that DPSCs can be successfully used in potential clinical applications, even after a year of uncontrolled cryopreservation.
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Alghutaimel H, Yang X, Drummond B, Nazzal H, Duggal M, Raïf E. Investigating the vascularization capacity of a decellularized dental pulp matrix seeded with human dental pulp stem cells: in vitro and preliminary in vivo evaluations. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1300-1316. [PMID: 33709438 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the vascularization capacity of a decellularized dental pulp matrix (DDP) of bovine origin seeded with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and to present preliminary in vivo findings. METHODOLOGY Bovine dental pulps were decellularized and then analysed using histological staining and DNA quantification. The resultant DDPs were characterized using immunohistochemical staining for the retention of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Furthermore, DDPs were recellularized with hDPSCs and analysed histologically. The expression of markers involved in angiogenesis by hDPSCs colonizing the DDPs was assessed in vitro. A preliminary in vivo study was then conducted in which hDPSCs-seeded and unseeded DDPs were inserted in debrided human premolars root slices and implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Samples were retrieved after 30 days and analysed using histological and immunohistochemical staining. The independent samples t-test, analysis of variance and a Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyse the quantitative data statistically depending on the group numbers and normality of data distribution. The difference between the groups was considered significant when the P-value was less than 0.05. RESULTS Acellular dental pulp matrices were generated following bovine dental pulp decellularization. Evaluation of the developed DDPs revealed a significant DNA reduction (P < 0.0001) with preservation of the native histoarchitecture and vasculature and retention of VEGF-A and FGF-2. Upon recellularization of the DDPs with hDPSCs, the in vitro analyses revealed cell engraftment with progressive repopulation of DDPs' matrices and vasculature and with enhanced expression of markers involved in angiogenesis. In vivo implantation of root slices with hDPSCs-seeded DDPs revealed apparent vascularization enhancement as compared to the unseeded DDP group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The developed decellularized dental pulp matrix had pro-angiogenic properties characterized by the retention of native vasculature and angiogenic growth factors. Seeding of hDPSCs into the DDP led to progressive repopulation of the vasculature, enhanced expression of markers involved in angiogenesis in hDPSCs and improved in vivo vascularization capacity. The se suggest that a combination of DDP and hDPSCs have the potential to provide a promising vascularization promoting strategy for dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alghutaimel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - X Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - B Drummond
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - H Nazzal
- Paediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Duggal
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - E Raïf
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Wu Y, Zhou C, Tong X, Li S, Liu J. Histochemical localization of putative stem cells in irreversible pulpitis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1207-1214. [PMID: 33728761 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to observe the distribution of putative stem cells in irreversible pulpitis and to investigate the expression of specific molecules. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Extracted third molar teeth were collected and divided into two groups: the normal pulp group and inflamed pulp group. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the expression of several embryonic and dentinogenic genes. The expression of mesenchymal cell markers (STRO-1, CD90, and CD146) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) proteins was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The expression levels of most embryonic and dentinogenic genes were not statistically different between the two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in inflamed pulp, cells with positive expression for STRO-1, CD90, and CD146 mainly resided in two specific niches, both adjacent to inflammatory sites: one in the pulp core and another in the odontoblast layer. SDF-1α- and CXCR4-positive cells were significantly correlated with STRO-1-positive cells. Double immunofluorescence analysis indicated that STRO-1-positive cells overlapped with SDF-1α- and CXCR4-positive cells near the inflammatory site. CONCLUSIONS This study gave a direct observation of putative stem cells distributed in irreversible pulpitis and implied a role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in stem cell-based therapies for reparative dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Tong
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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21
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Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Effect on Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010022. [PMID: 33379324 PMCID: PMC7823925 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are attractive research topics, and their combined use in the field of tissue engineering seems to be very promising. HA is a natural extracellular biopolymer found in various tissues, including dental pulp, and due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability, it is also a suitable scaffold material. However, low molecular weight (LMW) fragments, produced by enzymatic cleavage of HA, have different bioactive properties to high molecular weight (HMW) HA. Thus, the impact of HA must be assessed separately for each molecular weight fraction. In this study, we present the effect of three LMW-HA fragments (800, 1600, and 15,000 Da) on DPSCs in vitro. Discrete biological parameters such as DPSC viability, morphology, and cell surface marker expression were determined. Following treatment with LMW-HA, DPSCs initially presented with an acute reduction in proliferation (p < 0.0016) and soon recovered in subsequent passages. They displayed significant size reduction (p = 0.0078, p = 0.0019, p = 0.0098) while maintaining high expression of DPSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90). However, in contrast to controls, a significant phenotypic shift (p < 0.05; CD29, CD34, CD90, CD106, CD117, CD146, CD166) of surface markers was observed. These findings provide a basis for further detailed investigations and present a strong argument for the importance of HA scaffold degradation kinetics analysis.
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22
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Perczel-Kovách K, Hegedűs O, Földes A, Sangngoen T, Kálló K, Steward MC, Varga G, Nagy KS. STRO-1 positive cell expansion during osteogenic differentiation: A comparative study of three mesenchymal stem cell types of dental origin. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104995. [PMID: 33278647 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin is well established, the roles of different marker proteins in this process remain to be clarified. Our aim was to compare the cellular and molecular changes, focusing in particular on mesenchymal stem cell markers, during in vitro osteogenesis in three dental stem cell types: dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DESIGN Human DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs were isolated, cultured and their osteogenic differentiation was induced for 3 weeks. Mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining and calcium concentration measurements. The expression of mesenchymal and osteogenic markers was studied by immunocytochemistry and qPCR techniques. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the frequency of STRO-1 positive cells were also quantified. RESULTS The three cultures all showed abundant mineralization, with high calcium content by day 21. The expression of vimentin and nestin was sustained after osteogenic induction. The osteogenic medium induced a considerable elevation of STRO-1 positive cells. By day 7, the ALP mRNA level had increased more than 100-fold in DFSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs. Quantitative PCR results indicated dissimilarities of osteoblastic marker levels in the three dental stem cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs have similar functional osteogenic differentiation capacities although their expressional profiles of key osteogenic markers show considerable variations. The STRO-1 positive cell fraction expands during osteogenic differentiation while vimentin and nestin expression remain high. For identification of stemness, functional studies rather than marker expressions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Perczel-Kovách
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Hegedűs
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Thanyaporn Sangngoen
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Karola Kálló
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin C Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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23
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Abuarqoub D, Aslam N, Almajali B, Shajrawi L, Jafar H, Awidi A. Neuro-regenerative potential of dental stem cells: a concise review. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:267-279. [PMID: 32725424 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This review will summarize the research information regarding the regenerative potential of dental stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to existing treatment modalities, the stem cell therapy seems promising, and accumulating evidences about the differentiation of stem cells into various lineages are proving it. The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy is increasing due to the rise in life expectancies of people which have put a huge burden on economies. Finding a promising treatment could benefit not only the patients but also the communities. Dental stem cells hold a great potential to differentiate into neuronal cells. Many studies have reported the differentiation potential of the dental stem cells with the presence of neuronal lineage markers. In this review, we conferred how the use of dental stem cells can benefit the above-mentioned bedridden diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan. .,Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Almajali
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Leen Shajrawi
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. .,School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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24
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Yoshida S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Hamano S, Sugii H, Maeda H. Insight into the Role of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070160. [PMID: 32659896 PMCID: PMC7407391 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, and are considered a promising cell population for cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration. MSCs are isolated from various organs including dental pulp, which originates from cranial neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been isolated from dental pulp tissue of adult permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, respectively. Because of their MSC-like characteristics such as high growth capacity, multipotency, expression of MSC-related markers, and immunomodulatory effects, they are suggested to be an important cell source for tissue regeneration. Here, we review the features of these cells, their potential to regenerate damaged tissues, and the recently acquired understanding of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6432
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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25
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Melms H, Herrmann M, Förstner K, Bharti R, Schneider D, Mentrup B, Rudert M, Schlagenhauf U, Jakob F, Graser S. Novel molecular cues for dental defects in hypophosphatasia. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112026. [PMID: 32333908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization disorders with a broad range of etiological factors represent a huge challenge in dental diagnosis and therapy. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) belongs to the rare diseases affecting predominantly mineralized tissues, bones and teeth, and occurs due to mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Here we analyzed stem cells from bone marrow (BMSCs), dental pulp (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) in the absence and presence of efficient TNAP inhibitors. The differentiation capacity, expression of surface markers, and gene expression patterns of donor-matched dental cells were compared during this in vitro study. Differentiation assays showed efficient osteogenic but low adipogenic differentiation (aD) capacity of PDLSCs and DPSCs. TNAP inhibitor treatment completely abolished the mineralization process during osteogenic differentiation (oD). RNA-seq analysis in PDLSCs, comparing oD with and without TNAP inhibitor levamisole, showed clustered regulation of candidate molecular mechanisms that putatively impaired osteogenesis and mineralization, disequilibrated ECM production and turnover, and propagated inflammation. Combined alteration of cementum formation, mineralization, and elastic attachment of teeth to cementum via elastic fibers may explain dental key problems in HPP. Using this in vitro model of TNAP deficiency in DPSCs and PDLSCs, we provide novel putative target areas for research on molecular cues for specific dental problems in HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Melms
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; IZKF Research Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Förstner
- Core Unit SysMed, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute for Information Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany; ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Science, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richa Bharti
- Core Unit SysMed, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department for Bioinformatics, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
| | - Doris Schneider
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Mentrup
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department for Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopedic Department König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Department of Periodontology, University Clinics Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Graser
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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26
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Tsutsui TW. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Advances to Applications. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 13:33-42. [PMID: 32104005 PMCID: PMC7025818 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s166759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a high capacity for differentiation and the ability to regenerate a dentin/pulp-like complex. Numerous studies have provided evidence of DPSCs’ differentiation capacity, such as in neurogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and dentinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms and functions of DPSCs’ differentiation process are affected by growth factors and scaffolds. For example, growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) influence DPSC fate, including in differentiation, cell proliferation, and wound healing. In addition, several types of scaffolds, such as collagen, hydrogel, decellularized bioscaffold, and nanofibrous spongy microspheres, have been used to characterize DPSC cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and functions. An appropriate combination of growth factors and scaffolds can enhance the differentiation capacity of DPSCs, in terms of optimizing not only dental-related expression but also dental pulp morphology. For a cell-based clinical approach, focus has been placed on the tissue engineering triad [cells/bioactive molecules (growth factors)/scaffolds] to characterize DPSCs. It is clear that a deep understanding of the mechanisms of stem cells, including their aging, self-renewal, microenvironmental homeostasis, and differentiation correlated with cell activity, the energy for which is provided from mitochondria, should provide new approaches for DPSC research and therapeutics. Mitochondrial functions and dynamics are related to the direction of stem cell differentiation, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), mitochondrial elongation, and mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. This review summarizes the effects of major growth factors and scaffolds for regenerating dentin/pulp-like complexes, as well as elucidating mitochondrial properties of DPSCs for the development of advanced applications research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo W Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Gonmanee T, Sritanaudomchai H, Vongsavan K, Faisaikarm T, Songsaad A, White KL, Thonabulsombat C. Neuronal differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from human permanent and deciduous teeth following coculture with rat auditory brainstem slices. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2931-2946. [PMID: 31930687 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability found worldwide which is associated with a degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). It is a challenge to restore SGN due to the permanent degeneration and viability of SGN is requisite for patients to receive an advantage from hearing aid devices. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are self-renewing stem cells that originate from the neural crest during development. These stem cells have a high potential for neuronal differentiation. This is primarily due to their multilineage differentiation potential and their relative ease of access. Previously, we have shown the ability of these stem cell types to differentiate into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells. In this study, we induced the cells into neural precursor cells (NPC) and cocultured with auditory brainstem slice (ABS) encompassing cochlear nucleus by the Stoppini method. We also investigated their ability to differentiate after 2 weeks and 4 weeks in coculture. Neuronal differentiation of DPSC-NPC and SHED-NPC was higher expression of specific markers to SGN, TrkB, and Gata3, compared to monoculture. The cells also highly expressed synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A) and exhibited intracellular calcium oscillations. Our findings demonstrated the possibility of using DPSCs and SHEDs as an autologous stem cell-based therapy for sensorineural hearing loss patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasup Gonmanee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kutkao Vongsavan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Faisaikarm
- Reproductive Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Anupong Songsaad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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28
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Coates DE, Alansary M, Friedlander L, Zanicotti DG, Duncan WJ. Dental pulp stem cells in serum-free medium for regenerative medicine. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1673447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E. Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Alansary
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lara Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Diogo G. Zanicotti
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warwick J. Duncan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Lan X, Sun Z, Chu C, Boltze J, Li S. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An Attractive Alternative for Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:824. [PMID: 31428038 PMCID: PMC6689980 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but effective restorative treatments are very limited at present. Regenerative medicine research revealed that stem cells are promising therapeutic options. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are autologously applicable cells that origin from the neural crest and exhibit neuro-ectodermal features next to multilineage differentiation potentials. DPSCs are of increasing interest since they are relatively easy to obtain, exhibit a strong proliferation ability, and can be cryopreserved for a long time without losing their multi-directional differentiation capacity. Besides, use of DPSCs can avoid fundamental problems such as immune rejection, ethical controversy, and teratogenicity. Therefore, DPSCs provide a tempting prospect for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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30
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Uribe‐Etxebarria V, Agliano A, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Wnt signaling reprograms metabolism in dental pulp stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13068-13082. [PMID: 30549037 PMCID: PMC6519273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate to a wide range of different cell lineages, and share some gene expression and functional similarities with pluripotent stem cells. The stemness of DPSCs can also be pharmacologically enhanced by the activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Here, we examined the metabolic profile of DPSCs during reprogramming linked to Wnt activation, by a short (48 hr) exposure to either the GSK3-β inhibitor BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3´-oxine) or human recombinant protein WNT-3A. Both treatments largely increased glucose consumption, and induced a gene overexpression of pyruvate and mitochondrial acetyl-coA producing enzymes, thus activating mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism in DPSCs. This ultimately led to an accumulation of reducing power and a mitochondrial hyperpolarization in DPSCs. Interestingly, Nile Red staining showed that lipid fuel reserves were being stored in Wnt-activated DPSCs. We associate this metabolic reprogramming with an energy-priming state allowing DPSCs to better respond to subsequent high demands of energy and biosynthesis metabolites for cellular growth. These results show that enhancement of the stemness of DPSCs by Wnt activation comes along with a profound metabolic remodeling, which is distinctly characterized by a crucial participation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronica Uribe‐Etxebarria
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
| | - Alice Agliano
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingCancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and HistologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio SarrienaLeioaSpain
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31
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Fernandes TL, Shimomura K, Asperti A, Pinheiro CCG, Caetano HVA, Oliveira CRGCM, Nakamura N, Hernandez AJ, Bueno DF. Development of a Novel Large Animal Model to Evaluate Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Articular Cartilage Treatment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:734-743. [PMID: 29728886 PMCID: PMC6132738 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chondral lesion is a pathology with high prevalence, reaching as much as 63% of general population and 36% among athletes. The ability of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) to differentiate into chondroblasts in vitro suggests that this stem cell type may be useful for tissue bioengineering. However, we have yet to identify a study of large animal models in which DPSCs were used to repair articular cartilage. Therefore, this study aimed to describe a novel treatment for cartilage lesion with DPSCs on a large animal model. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were obtained from deciduous teeth and characterized by flow cytometry. DPSCs were cultured and added to a collagen type I/III biomaterial composite scaffold. Brazilian miniature pig (BR-1) was used. A 6-mm diameter, full-thickness chondral defect was created in each posterior medial condyle. The defects were covered with scaffold alone or scaffold + DPSCs on the contralateral side. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks post-surgery. Cartilage defects were analyzed macroscopically and histology according to modified O’Driscoll scoring system. Results Flow cytometry confirmed characterization of DPSCs as MSCs. Macroscopic and histological findings suggested that this time period was reasonable for evaluating cartilage repair. To our knowledge, this study provides the first description of an animal model using DPSCs to study the differentiation of hyaline articular cartilage in vivo. Conclusion The animals tolerated the procedure well and did not show clinical or histological rejection of the DPSCs, reinforcing the feasibility of this descriptive miniature pig model for pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 333 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil. .,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, 115 Rua Dona Adma Jafet, Bela Vista, São Paulo / SP, 01308-050, Brazil.
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andre Asperti
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 333 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Regina G C M Oliveira
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 333 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Arnaldo José Hernandez
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 333 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Daniela Franco Bueno
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, 115 Rua Dona Adma Jafet, Bela Vista, São Paulo / SP, 01308-050, Brazil
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32
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Esaki S, Katsumi S, Hamajima Y, Nakamura Y, Murakami S. Transplantation of Olfactory Stem Cells with Biodegradable Hydrogel Accelerates Facial Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:169-178. [PMID: 30417987 PMCID: PMC6344901 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.15-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory mucosa contains neural stem cells, called olfactory stem cells (OSCs), which produce trophic support required for promoting axonal regeneration after nerve injury. However, the local tissue environment can reduce the viability/function of transplanted cells when placed directly on the injury. Although gelatin hydrogels have been shown to aid cell survival during transplantation, such OSC‐hydrogel combinations have not been extensively tested, particularly during recovery from facial nerve palsy. In this study, OSCs were isolated from the olfactory mucosae of newborn mice and were shown to express neural stem cell markers before differentiation, as well as cell‐type specific markers after differentiation, confirming their multipotency. The OSCs also secrete growth factors and various cytokines that promote nerve regeneration. To test the effects of OSC transplantation in vivo, Medgel, a biodegradable hydrogel sponge, was applied to retain OSCs around the injury site and to lessen the detrimental effects of the local environment in an established facial nerve palsy mouse model. When OSCs were transplanted into the injury site, accelerated recovery was observed for 1 week. When OSCs were transplanted with Medgel, a higher level and duration of accelerated recovery was observed. OSCs in Medgel also increased peripheral nerve function and increased the number of regenerated nerve fibers. These results suggest that OSCs implanted with Medgel accelerate and enhance recovery from facial palsy in mice. Because human OSCs can be easily obtained from olfactory mucosa biopsies with limited risk, this OSC‐Medgel combination is a candidate treatment option for accelerating recovery after facial nerve injury. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:169&10
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Esaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Katsumi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamajima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
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Potential Roles of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Neural Regeneration and Repair. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1731289. [PMID: 29853908 PMCID: PMC5964589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1731289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current advances in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their potential applications in the nervous diseases. Injured adult mammalian nervous system has a limited regenerative capacity due to an insufficient pool of precursor cells in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Nerve growth is also constrained by inhibitory factors (associated with central myelin) and barrier tissues (glial scarring). Stem cells, possessing the capacity of self-renewal and multicellular differentiation, promise new therapeutic strategies for overcoming these impediments to neural regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) derive from a cranial neural crest lineage, retain a remarkable potential for neuronal differentiation, and additionally express multiple factors that are suitable for neuronal and axonal regeneration. DPSCs can also express immunomodulatory factors that stimulate formation of blood vessels and enhance regeneration and repair of injured nerve. These unique properties together with their ready accessibility make DPSCs an attractive cell source for tissue engineering in injured and diseased nervous systems. In this review, we interrogate the neuronal differentiation potential as well as the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of DPSCs and its application in the injured nervous system. Taken together, DPSCs are an ideal stem cell resource for therapeutic approaches to neural repair and regeneration in nerve diseases.
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Pisal RV, Suchanek J, Siller R, Soukup T, Hrebikova H, Bezrouk A, Kunke D, Micuda S, Filip S, Sullivan G, Mokry J. Directed reprogramming of comprehensively characterized dental pulp stem cells extracted from natal tooth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6168. [PMID: 29670257 PMCID: PMC5906561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to extensively characterise natal dental pulp stem cells (nDPSC) and assess their efficiency to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). A number of distinguishing features prompted us to choose nDPSC over normal adult DPSC, in that they differed in cell surface marker expression and initial doubling time. In addition, nDPSC expressed 17 out of 52 pluripotency genes we analysed, and the level of expression was comparable to human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Ours is the first group to report comprehensive characterization of nDPSC followed by directed reprogramming to a pluripotent stem cell state. nDPSC yielded hiPSC colonies upon transduction with Sendai virus expressing the pluripotency transcription factors POU5F1, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4. nDPSC had higher reprogramming efficiency compared to human fibroblasts. nDPSC derived hiPSCs closely resembled hESC in terms of their morphology, expression of pluripotency markers and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, nDPSC derived hiPSCs differentiated into the three germ layers when cultured as embryoid bodies (EB) and by directed differentiation. Based on our findings, nDPSC present a unique marker expression profile compared with adult DPSC and possess higher reprogramming efficiency as compared with dermal fibroblasts thus proving to be more amenable for reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikaysh V Pisal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Suchanek
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Siller
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hrebikova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bezrouk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Kunke
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth Sullivan
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Hernández-Monjaraz B, Santiago-Osorio E, Monroy-García A, Ledesma-Martínez E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin for Inducing Tissue Regeneration in Periodontitis: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E944. [PMID: 29565801 PMCID: PMC5979585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that begins with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth table and then progresses, destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth occurs. The restoration of the damaged dental support apparatus is an extremely complex process due to the regeneration of the cementum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone. Conventional treatment relies on synthetic materials that fill defects and replace lost dental tissue, but these approaches are not substitutes for a real regeneration of tissue. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be obtained from various sources of adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, and tissues of the orofacial area. MSC of dental origin, such as those found in the bone marrow, have immunosuppressive and immunotolerant properties, multipotency, high proliferation rates, and the capacity for tissue repair. However, they are poorly used as sources of tissue for therapeutic purposes. Their accessibility makes them an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, so this review describes the field of dental stem cell research and proposes a potential mechanism involved in periodontal tissue regeneration induced by dental MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ferrúa CP, Centeno EGZ, Rosa LCD, Amaral CCD, Severo RF, Sarkis-Onofre R, Nascimento GG, Cordenonzi G, Bast RK, Demarco FF, Nedel F. How has dental pulp stem cells isolation been conducted? A scoping review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e87. [PMID: 29267658 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to realize a scoping review the literature in order to identify the profile of DPSCs isolation and analyze the possible risk factors that could change the native behavior of these cells. An initial search was conducted using the following MeSH terms: "(dental pulp stem cell [MeSH])"; "(dental pulp [MeSH])" AND "(stem cell [MeSH])"; "("dental pulp stem cell" [MeSH]")". The electronic search was done without date restriction up to and including April 2014, in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Studies were submitted to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 222 articles were included. Data showed that over the past 15 years many studies have been conducted using DPSCs. However this is the first systematic review regarding the isolation of stem cell, and more specifically of dental pulp stem cells. The isolation of dental pulp stem cells showed great variability, hampering the development of standard protocols to achieve in vitro dental pulp stem cells with similar characteristics. This scoping review combined, for the first time, the methodologies used for dental pulp stem isolation, highlighting the most frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Perelló Ferrúa
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Laísa Camerini da Rosa
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cainá Corrêa do Amaral
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaely Ferreira Severo
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriele Cordenonzi
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow Bast
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Institute of Basic Health Scieces, Biochemistry Department, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Nedel
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPel, Program in Health and Behavior, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ansari S, Diniz IM, Chen C, Sarrion P, Tamayol A, Wu BM, Moshaverinia A. Human Periodontal Ligament- and Gingiva-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Nerve Regeneration When Encapsulated in Alginate/Hyaluronic Acid 3D Scaffold. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700670. [PMID: 29076281 PMCID: PMC5813692 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Repair or regeneration of damaged nerves is still a challenging clinical task in reconstructive surgeries and regenerative medicine. Here, it is demonstrated that periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) isolated from adult human periodontal and gingival tissues assume neuronal phenotype in vitro and in vivo via a subcutaneous transplantation model in nude mice. PDLSCs and GMSCs are encapsulated in a 3D scaffold based on alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogels capable of sustained release of human nerve growth factor (NGF). The elasticity of the hydrogels affects the proliferation and differentiation of encapsulated MSCs within scaffolds. Moreover, it is observed that PDLSCs and GMSCs are stained positive for βIII-tubulin, while exhibiting high levels of gene expression related to neurogenic differentiation (βIII-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein) via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Western blot analysis shows the importance of elasticity of the matrix and the presence of NGF in the neurogenic differentiation of encapsulated MSCs. In vivo, immunofluorescence staining for neurogenic specific protein markers confirms islands of dense positively stained structures inside transplanted hydrogels. As far as it is known, this study is the first demonstration of the application of PDLSCs and GMSCs as promising cell therapy candidates for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ivana M Diniz
- Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patricia Sarrion
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68508, Lincoln
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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38
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Avinash K, Malaippan S, Dooraiswamy JN. Methods of Isolation and Characterization of Stem Cells from Different Regions of Oral Cavity Using Markers: A Systematic Review. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:12-20. [PMID: 28531913 PMCID: PMC5488772 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disorder of the periodontium caused by the destruction of periodontal tissues namely the PDL, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingiva. Once these tissues are lost, the foremost goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the diseased tissues if possible to their original form, architecture, and function. Various regenerative procedures were employed and still a gap was found in achieving the goal. As stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate to produce specialized cells, there could be a possibility of using them for regenerative therapy. Recently, dental tissues such as the PDL, the dental pulp and the tooth follicle have been recognized as readily available sources of adult stem cells. Aim The aim was to identify the various sources and methodologies in isolation of stem cells from human oral cavity and its differentiation into various lineages using markers. Materials and Methods The electronic databases PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCIENCE DIRECT, COCHRANE LIBRARY along with a complimentary manual search of all periodontics journal till the year 2016. Thirteen articles were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. Isolation of stem cells from oral cavity through various methods has been evaluated and similarly characterization to different lineages were tabulated as variables of interest. They included human in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Results The results showed that PDLSC’s and pulpal stem cells are the most common source from where stem cells were isolated. Each source has used different methodology in isolating the stem cells and it was found that STRO-1 was the commonly used marker in all the studies mentioned. Conclusions The studies showed that there is no standard protocol existed in isolating the stem cells from different sources of oral cavity. Moreover, there was no standard marker or methodology used in characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sankari Malaippan
- Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Rodas-Junco BA, Villicaña C. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Current Advances in Isolation, Expansion and Preservation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:333-347. [PMID: 30603490 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with high self-renewal potential that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types. Thus, DPSCs have become a promising source of cells for several applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and stem cell therapy. Numerous methods have been reported for the isolation, expansion, and preservation of DPSCs. However, methods are diverse and do not follow specific rules or parameters, which can affect stem cell properties, adding more variation to experimental results. In this review, we compare and analyze current experimental evidence to propose some factors that can be useful to establish better methods or improved protocols to prolong the quality of DPSCs. In addition, we highlight other factors related to biological aspects of dental tissue source (e.g., age, genetic background) that should be considered before tooth selection. Although current methods have reached significant advances, optimization is still required to improve culture stability and its maintenance for an extended period without losing stem cell properties. In addition, there is still much that needs to be done toward clinical application due to the fact that most of DPSCs procedures are not currently following good manufacturing practices. The establishment of optimized general or tailored protocols will allow obtaining well-defined DPSCs cultures with specific properties, which enable more reproducible results that will be the basis to develop effective and safe therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
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40
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Stem Cells of Dental Origin: Current Research Trends and Key Milestones towards Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4209891. [PMID: 27818690 PMCID: PMC5081960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4209891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), including Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED), and Stem Cells From Apical Papilla (SCAP), have been extensively studied using highly sophisticated in vitro and in vivo systems, yielding substantially improved understanding of their intriguing biological properties. Their capacity to reconstitute various dental and nondental tissues and the inherent angiogenic, neurogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of their secretome have been a subject of meticulous and costly research by various groups over the past decade. Key milestone achievements have exemplified their clinical utility in Regenerative Dentistry, as surrogate therapeutic modules for conventional biomaterial-based approaches, offering regeneration of damaged oral tissues instead of simply “filling the gaps.” Thus, the essential next step to validate these immense advances is the implementation of well-designed clinical trials paving the way for exploiting these fascinating research achievements for patient well-being: the ultimate aim of this ground breaking technology. This review paper presents a concise overview of the major biological properties of the human dental MSCs, critical for the translational pathway “from bench to clinic.”
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Karamzadeh R, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Sharifi-Zarchi A. Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Human Dental Pulp and Follicle Stem Cell Commitment. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:609-618. [PMID: 28042545 PMCID: PMC5086339 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Pulp and periodontal tissues are well-known sources of mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) that provide a promising place in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The
molecular mechanisms underlying commitment and differentiation of dental stem cells that originate from different dental tissues are not fully understood. In this study, we have compared the
expression levels of pluripotency factors along with immunological and developmentally-related
markers in the culture of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), human dental follicle stem
cells (hDFSCs), and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, isolated human dental stem cells
were investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunostaining,
and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Additionally, we conducted gene ontology
(GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes and compared them between dental stem
cells and pluripotent stem cells.
Results The results demonstrated that pluripotency (OCT4 and SOX2) and immunological
(IL-6 and TLR4) factors had higher expressions in hDFSCs, with the exception of the JAGGED-1/NOTCH1 ratio, c-MYC and NESTIN which expressed more in hDPSCs. Immunostaining of
OCT4, SOX2 and c-MYC showed cytoplasmic and nucleus localization in both groups at
similar passages. GO analysis showed that the majority of hDFSCs and hDPSCs populations
were in the synthesis (S) and mitosis (M) phases of the cell cycle, respectively.
Conclusion This study showed different status of heterogeneous hDPSCs and hDFSCs
in terms of stemness, differentiation fate, and cell cycle phases. Therefore, the different
behaviors of dental stem cells should be considered based on clinical treatment variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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Cell Surface Proteome of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Identified by Label-Free Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159824. [PMID: 27490675 PMCID: PMC4973913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising tools for regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from different sources based on their plastic-adherence property. The identification of reliable cell surface markers thus becomes the Holy Grail for their prospective isolation. Here, we determine the cell surface proteomes of human dental pulp-derived MSCs isolated from single donors after culture expansion in low (2%) or high (10%) serum-containing media. Cell surface proteins were tagged on intact cells using cell impermeable, cleavable sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin, which allows their enrichment by streptavidin pull-down. For the proteomic analyses, we first compared label-free methods to analyze cell surface proteomes i.e. composition, enrichment and proteomic differences, and we developed a new mathematical model to determine cell surface protein enrichment using a combinatorial gene ontology query. Using this workflow, we identified 101 cluster of differentiation (CD) markers and 286 non-CD cell surface proteins. Based on this proteome profiling, we identified 14 cell surface proteins, which varied consistently in abundance when cells were cultured under low or high serum conditions. Collectively, our analytical methods provide a basis for identifying the cell surface proteome of dental pulp stem cells isolated from single donors and its evolution during culture or differentiation. Our data provide a comprehensive cell surface proteome for the precise identification of dental pulp-derived MSC populations and their isolation for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Khojasteh A, Nazeman P, Rad MR. Dental Stem Cells in Oral, Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ullah I, Subbarao RB, Kim EJ, Bharti D, Jang SJ, Park JS, Shivakumar SB, Lee SL, Kang D, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. In vitro comparative analysis of human dental stem cells from a single donor and its neuronal differentiation potential evaluated by electrophysiology. Life Sci 2016; 154:39-51. [PMID: 27107840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to find out a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) source from human dental tissues of the same donor (follicle, papilla and pulp), which exhibits higher neurogenic differentiation potential in vitro. MAIN METHODS MSCs were isolated from dental tissues (follicle, papilla and pulp) by digestion method. All MSCs were analyzed for pluripotent makers by western blot, cell surface markers by flow cytometry, adipo- and osteocytes markers by RT-qPCR. The neuronal differentiated MSCs were characterized for neuronal specific markers by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Functional neuronal properties were analyzed by electrophysiology and synaptic markers expression. KEY FINDINGS All MSCs expressed pluripotent markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and were found positive for mesenymal markers (CD44, CD90, CD105) while negative for hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45). Furthermore, MSCs were successfully differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and trans-differentiated into neuronal cells. Among them, dental pulp derived MSCs exhibits higher neurogenic differentiation potential, in term of expression of neuronal specific markers at both gene and protein level, and having higher Na(+) and K(+) current with the expression of synaptic markers. SIGNIFICANCE The three types of dental MSCs from a single donor broadly possessed similar cellular properties and can differentiate into neuronal cells; however, pulp derived MSCs showed higher neurogenic potential than the follicle and papilla, suggesting their use in future stem cells therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Heng BC, Lim LW, Wu W, Zhang C. An Overview of Protocols for the Neural Induction of Dental and Oral Stem Cells In Vitro. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:220-50. [PMID: 26757369 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, various adult stem cells have been identified within the oral cavity, including dental pulp stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells from the gingiva. All of these possess neurogenic potential due to their common developmental origin from the embryonic neural crest. Besides the relative ease of isolation of these adult stem cells from readily available biological waste routinely produced during dental treatment, these cells also possess the advantage of immune compatibility in autologous transplantation. In recent years, much interest has been focused on the derivation of neural lineages from these adult stem cells for therapeutic applications in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve regeneration. In addition, there are also promising nontherapeutic applications of stem cell-derived neurons in pharmacological and toxicological screening of neuroactive drugs, and for in vitro modeling of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this review will critically examine the diverse array of in vitro neural induction protocols that have been devised for dental and oral-derived stem cells. These protocols are defined not only by the culture milieu comprising the basal medium plus growth factors, small molecules, and other culture supplements but also by the substrata/surface coatings utilized, the presence of multiple culture stages, the total culture duration, the initial seeding density, and whether the spheroid/neurosphere formation is being utilized to recapitulate the three-dimensional neural differentiation microenvironment that is naturally present physiologically in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Heng
- 1 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodonthics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wutian Wu
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- 1 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodonthics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Role of angiogenesis in endodontics: contributions of stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2015; 41:797-803. [PMID: 25649306 PMCID: PMC5223201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed. METHODS A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed. RESULTS Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | | | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Hilkens P, Meschi N, Lambrechts P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. Dental Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Near Future or Long Road Ahead? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1610-22. [PMID: 25869156 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative endodontic procedures have yielded an impressive body of favorable outcomes, the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in particular remains to be a challenge. Recent advances in dental stem cell (DSC) research have gained increasing insight in their regenerative potential and prospective use in the formation of viable dental tissues. Numerous studies have already reported successful dental pulp regeneration following application of dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, or dental follicle precursor cells in different in vivo models. Next to responsive cells, dental tissue engineering also requires the support of an appropriate scaffold material, ranging from naturally occurring polymers to treated dentin matrix components. However, the routine use and banking of DSCs still holds some major challenges, such as culture-associated differences, patient-related variability, and the effects of culture medium additives. Only in-depth evaluation of these problems and the implementation of standardized models and protocols will effectively lead to better alternatives for patients who no longer benefit from current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hilkens
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Hwang HI, Lee TH, Jang YJ. Cell proliferation-inducing protein 52/mitofilin is a surface antigen on undifferentiated human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1309-19. [PMID: 25590652 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a soft tissue located inside the hard part of a tooth and it contains a stem cell population that can regenerate damaged dentin and/or pulp itself. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that have the potential to be differentiated into a variety of cell types. Although cells cultured primarily from pulp tissue show heterogeneous phenotypes and variable efficiency in their dentinogenic differentiation, proper selection markers, which are specific to hDPSCs, are essential for the osteo/dentinogenic study of human dental pulp cells. We had previously screened a set of undifferentiation-specific cell surface antibodies of hDPSCs through decoy immunization. In this study, we show that one of these surface monoclonal antibodies, 3C4, is bound to intact pulp cells in a highly undifferentiation-specific manner. The surface antigen protein bound specifically to 3C4 antibody was identified through direct immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as the cell proliferation-inducing protein 52/Mitofilin, which is a protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane and is a possible antagonist to maintaining mitochondrial activation during differentiation. The expression of mitofilin/3C4 antigen dramatically decreased during differentiation, and the depletion of mitofilin/3C4 antigen induced the expression of osteogenic/dentinogenic markers earlier than during normal differentiation. The 3C4-positive cells isolated by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system were differentiated with a higher efficiency than 3C4-negative cells. These results indicate that finding mitochondria-related stem cell markers is valuable to be able to identify and isolate primitive stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-In Hwang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyong Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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