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Xu R, Shi X, Huang H, Tan WS, Cai H. Development of a Me 2SO-free cryopreservation medium and its long-term cryoprotection on the CAR-NK cells. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104835. [PMID: 38070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a crucial step in the supply process of off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cell products. Concerns have been raised over the clinical application of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) due to the potential for adverse reactions following infusion and limited cell-specific cytotoxic effects if misapplied. In this study, we developed a Me2SO-free cryopreservation medium specifically tailored for CAR-NK cells to address this limitation. The cryopreservation medium was formulated using human serum albumin (HSA) and glycerol as the base components. Following initial screening of seven clinically-compatible solutions, four with cryoprotective properties were identified. These were combined and optimized into a single formulation: IF-M. The viability, phenotype, and function of CAR-NK cells were evaluated after short-term and long-term cryopreservation to assess the effectiveness of IF-M, with Me2SO serving as the control group. The viability and recovery of CAR-NK cells in the IF-M group were significantly higher than those in the Me2SO group within 90 days of cryopreservation. Moreover, after 1 year of cryopreservation the cytotoxic capacity of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved with IF-M was comparable to that of fresh CAR-NK cells and significantly superior to that of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved in Me2SO. The CD107a expression intensity of CAR-NK cells in IF-M group was significantly higher than that of Me2SO group. No statistical differences were observed in other indicators under different cryopreservation times. These results underscore the robustness of IF-M as a suitable replacement for traditional Me2SO-based cryopreservation medium for the long-term cryopreservation and clinical application of off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Huimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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2
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Effect of serum replacement on murine spermatogonial stem cell cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2020; 159:165-175. [PMID: 33157454 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is a necessity to preserve the genetic information of valuable livestock herds and to produce transgenic animals. However, serum, a key component that allows efficient cryopreservation, has many limitations attributed to its undefined composition, inter-batch variations, and contamination potential. Therefore, we aimed to establish a method for serum-free cryopreservation of SSCs. To evaluate the cryopreservation efficiency of serum replacements, we assessed the recovery rate, relative proliferation potential, proliferation capacity, and apoptosis capacity. SSCs were characterized, and their functional activity was determined through immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and spermatogonial transplantation. The efficiency of each serum replacement was compared to that of the negative control (10% DMSO in DPBS) and positive control (10% DMSO and 40% FBS in DPBS). Our results indicated that cryopreservation with 5% human serum albumin (rHSA) exhibited a higher relative proliferation potential (274.0 ± 13.4%) than with DMSO control (100 ± 8.6%), with no significant difference from the 40% FBS (190.0 ± 20.1%). Moreover, early apoptosis also significantly decreased to a greater extent with 5% rHSA (5.1 ± 0.7%) than with DMSO control (12.9 ± 0.8%) and was at a level comparable to the 40% FBS (4.9 ± 0.8%). In addition, the SSCs cryopreserved with 5% rHSA exhibited normal self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In conclusion, 5% rHSA is a potential serum replacement for SSC cryopreservation, with properties comparable to that of serum. These results would contribute to the application of SSCs in improving livestock and in future clinical trials for human infertility treatment.
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Situación actual de los bancos de tejidos en Colombia: tejido cardiovascular. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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4
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Bauman E, Granja PL, Barrias CC. Fetal bovine serum-free culture of endothelial progenitor cells-progress and challenges. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1567-1578. [PMID: 29701896 DOI: 10.1002/term.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two decades after the first report on endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), their key role in postnatal vasculogenesis and vascular repair is well established. The therapeutic potential of EPC and their growing use in clinical trials calls for the development of more robust, reproducible, and safer methods for the in vitro expansion and maintenance of these cells. Despite many limitations associated with its usage, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is still widely applied as a cell culture supplement. Although different approaches aiming at establishing FBS-free culture have been developed for many cell types, adequate solutions for endothelial cells, and for EPC in particular, are still scarce, possibly due to the multiple challenges that have to be faced when culturing these cells. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the therapeutic relevance of EPC and critically analyse the available literature on FBS-free endothelial cell culture methods, including xeno-free, serum-free, and chemically defined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bauman
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - P L Granja
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Barrias
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Goecke T, Theodoridis K, Tudorache I, Ciubotaru A, Cebotari S, Ramm R, Höffler K, Sarikouch S, Vásquez Rivera A, Haverich A, Wolkers WF, Hilfiker A. In vivo performance of freeze-dried decellularized pulmonary heart valve allo- and xenografts orthotopically implanted into juvenile sheep. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:41-52. [PMID: 29191508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The decellularization of biological tissues decreases immunogenicity, allows repopulation with cells, and may lead to improved long-term performance after implantation. Freeze drying these tissues would ensure off-the-shelf availability, save storage costs, and facilitates easy transport. This study evaluates the in vivo performance of freeze-dried decellularized heart valves in juvenile sheep. TritonX-100 and sodium dodecylsulfate decellularized ovine and porcine pulmonary valves (PV) were freeze-dried in a lyoprotectant sucrose solution. After rehydration for 24 h, valves were implanted into the PV position in sheep as allografts (fdOPV) and xenografts (fdPPV), while fresh dezellularized ovine grafts (frOPV) were implanted as controls. Functional assessment was performed by transesophageal echocardiography at implantation and at explantation six months later. Explanted grafts were analysed histologically to assess the matrix, and immunofluorescence stains were used to identify the repopulating cells. Although the graft diameters and orifice areas increased, good function was maintained, except for one insufficient, strongly deteriorated frOPV. Cells which were positive for either endothelial or interstitial markers were found in all grafts. In fdPPV, immune-reactive cells were also found. Our findings suggest that freeze-drying does not alter the early hemodynamic performance and repopulation potential of decellularized grafts in vivo, even in the challenging xenogeneic situation. Despite evidence of an immunological reaction for the xenogenic valves, good early functionalities were achieved. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Decellularized allogeneic heart valves show excellent results as evident from large animal experiments and clinical trials. However, a long-term storing method is needed for an optimal use of this limited resource in the clinical setting, where an optimized matching of graft and recipient is requested. As demonstrated in this study, freeze-dried and freshly decellularized grafts reveal equally good results after implantation in the juvenile sheep concerning function and repopulation with recipients' cells. Thus, freeze-drying arises as a promising method to extend the shelf-life of valvular grafts compared to those stored in antibiotic-solution as currently practised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Goecke
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Theodoridis
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anatol Ciubotaru
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Ramm
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Höffler
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samir Sarikouch
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Zanata F, Shaik S, Devireddy RV, Wu X, Ferreira LM, Gimble JM. Cryopreserved Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells: Potential for Applications in Clinic and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:137-146. [PMID: 27837560 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells (ASC) have considerable potential for regenerative medicine due to their abilities to proliferate, differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high cell yield, relative ease of acquisition, and almost no ethical concerns since they are derived from adult tissue. Storage of ASC by cryopreservation has been well described that maintains high cell yield and viability, stable immunophenotype, and robust differentiation potential post-thaw. This ability is crucial for banking research and for clinical therapeutic purposes that avoid the morbidity related to repetitive liposuction tissue harvests. ASC secrete various biomolecules such as cytokines which are reported to have immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic potential to reverse symptoms of multiple degenerative diseases/disorders. Nevertheless, safety regarding the use of these cells clinically is still under investigation. This chapter focuses on the different aspects of cryopreserved ASC and the methods to evaluate their functionality for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zanata
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shahensha Shaik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ram V Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans BioInnovation Center, Suite 304, 1441 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans BioInnovation Center, Suite 304, 1441 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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7
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Lisy M, Kalender G, Schenke-Layland K, Brockbank KG, Biermann A, Stock UA. Allograft Heart Valves: Current Aspects and Future Applications. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:148-157. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Lisy
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Frankfurt-Höchst City Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guenay Kalender
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Frankfurt-Höchst City Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelvin G.M. Brockbank
- Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina
| | - Anna Biermann
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Alfred Stock
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Naaldijk Y, Johnson AA, Friedrich-Stöckigt A, Stolzing A. Cryopreservation of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in hydroxyethyl starch-based cryoprotectants. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:85. [PMID: 27903244 PMCID: PMC5131400 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes is essential for the creation of skin tissue banks. For successful cryopreservation of cells, selection of an appropriate cryoprotectant agent (CPA) is imperative. The aim of this study was to identify CPAs that minimize toxic effects and allow for the preservation of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes in suspension and in monolayers. RESULTS We cryopreserved human fibroblasts and keratinocytes with different CPAs and compared them to fresh, unfrozen cells. Cells were frozen in the presence and absence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the latter of which is a commonly used CPA known to exert toxic effects on cells. Cell numbers were counted immediately post-thaw as well as three days after thawing. Cellular structures were analyzed and counted by labeling nuclei, mitochondria, and actin filaments. We found that successful cryopreservation of suspended or adherent keratinocytes can be accomplished with a 10% HES or a 5% HES, 5% DMSO solution. Cell viability of fibroblasts cryopreserved in suspension was maintained with 10% HES or 5% HES, 5% DMSO solutions. Adherent, cryopreserved fibroblasts were successfully maintained with a 5% HES, 5% DMSO solution. CONCLUSION We conclude that skin tissue cells can be effectively cryopreserved by substituting all or a portion of DMSO with HES. Given that DMSO is the most commonly used CPA and is believed to be more toxic than HES, these findings are of clinical significance for tissue-based replacement therapies. Therapies that require the use of keratinocyte and fibroblast cells, such as those aimed at treating skin wounds or skin burns, may be optimized by substituting a portion or all of DMSO with HES during cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Naaldijk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adiv A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany. .,Interdisciplinary Institute for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Material and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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9
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Kang KS, Woo HM. Biocompatibility evaluation of tissue-engineered decellularized scaffolds for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:766-778. [PMID: 27287176 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on seeding of cells on decellularized scaffolds have gained increasing interest in the last few years and suggested to serve as an alternative approach to bioengineer artificial organs and tissues for transplantation. The reaction of the host toward the decellularized scaffold and transplanted cells depends on the biocompatibility of the construct. Before proceeding to the clinical application step of decellularized scaffolds, it is greatly important to apply a number of biocompatibility tests in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the different methodology involved in cytotoxicity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and biodegradability testing for evaluating the biocompatibility of various decellularized matrices obtained from human or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hany Hussein
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Hepfer RG, Brockbank KGM, Chen Z, Greene ED, Campbell LH, Wright GJ, Linthurst-Jones A, Yao H. Comparison and evaluation of biomechanical, electrical, and biological methods for assessment of damage to tissue collagen. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:531-9. [PMID: 27130199 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In regard to evaluating tissue banking methods used to preserve or otherwise treat (process) soft allograft tissue, current tests may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect potential damage inflicted before, during, and after processing. Using controlled parameters, we aim to examine the sensitivity of specific biomechanical, electrical, and biological tests in detecting mild damage to collagen. Fresh porcine pulmonary heart valves were treated with an enzyme, collagenase, and incubated using various times. Controls received no incubation. All valves were cryopreserved and stored at -135 °C until being rewarmed for evaluation using biomechanical, permeability, and cell viability tests. Statistically significant time dependent changes in leaflet ultimate stress, (p = 0.006), permeability (p = 0.01), and viability (p ≤ 0.02, four different days of culture) were found between heart valves subjected to 0-15 min of collagenase treatment (ANOVA). However, no statistical significance was found between the tensile modulus of treated and untreated valves (p = 0.07). Furthermore, the trends of decreasing and increasing ultimate stress and viability, respectively, were somewhat inconsistent across treatment times. These results suggest that permeability tests may offer a sensitive, quantitative assay to complement traditional biomechanical and viability tests in evaluating processing methods used for soft tissue allografts, or when making changes to current validated methods. Multiple test evaluation may also offer insight into the mechanism of potential tissue damage such as, as is the case here, reduced collagen content and increased tissue porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glenn Hepfer
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 173 Ashley Avenue MSC 508, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kelvin G M Brockbank
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 173 Ashley Avenue MSC 508, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Lia H Campbell
- Tissue Testing Technologies LLC, North Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gregory J Wright
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 173 Ashley Avenue MSC 508, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Hai Yao
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 173 Ashley Avenue MSC 508, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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11
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Wang S, Oldenhof H, Goecke T, Ramm R, Harder M, Haverich A, Hilfiker A, Wolkers WF. Sucrose Diffusion in Decellularized Heart Valves for Freeze-Drying. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:922-31. [PMID: 25809201 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized heart valves can be used as starter matrix implants for heart valve replacement therapies in terms of guided tissue regeneration. Decellularized matrices ideally need to be long-term storable to assure off-the-shelf availability. Freeze-drying is an attractive preservation method, allowing storage at room temperature in a dried state. However, the two inherent processing steps, freezing and drying, can cause severe damage to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the overall tissue histoarchitecture and thus impair biomechanical characteristics of resulting matrices. Freeze-drying therefore requires a lyoprotective agent that stabilizes endogenous structural proteins during both substeps and that forms a protective glassy state at room temperature. To estimate incubation times needed to infiltrate decellularized heart valves with the lyoprotectant sucrose, temperature-dependent diffusion studies were done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Glycerol, a cryoprotective agent, was studied for comparison. Diffusion of both protectants was found to exhibit Arrhenius behavior. The activation energies of sucrose and glycerol diffusion were found to be 15.9 and 37.7 kJ·mol(-1), respectively. It was estimated that 4 h of incubation at 37°C is sufficient to infiltrate heart valves with sucrose before freeze-drying. Application of a 5% sucrose solution was shown to stabilize acellular valve scaffolds during freeze-drying. Such freeze-dried tissues, however, displayed pores, which were attributed to ice crystal damage, whereas vacuum-dried scaffolds in comparison revealed no pores after drying and rehydration. Exposure to a hygroscopic sucrose solution (80%) before freeze-drying was shown to be an effective method to diminish pore formation in freeze-dried ECMs: matrix structures closely resembled those of control samples that were not freeze-dried. Heart valve matrices were shown to be in a glassy state after drying, suggesting that they can be stored at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Wang
- 1 Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- 2 Clinic for Horses-Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- 3 Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Ramm
- 3 Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Axel Haverich
- 3 Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- 3 Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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Chou ML, Bailey A, Avory T, Tanimoto J, Burnouf T. Removal of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy prion from large volumes of cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum by using hollow fiber anion-exchange membrane chromatography. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122300. [PMID: 25874629 PMCID: PMC4395333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people who had consumed contaminated meat products from cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy emphasize the need for measures aimed at preventing the transmission of the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) from materials derived from cattle. Highly stringent scrutiny is required for fetal bovine serum (FBS), a growth-medium supplement used in the production of parenteral vaccines and therapeutic recombinant proteins and in the ex vivo expansion of stem cells for transplantation. One such approach is the implementation of manufacturing steps dedicated to removing PrPSc from materials containing FBS. We evaluated the use of the QyuSpeed D (QSD) adsorbent hollow-fiber anion-exchange chromatographic column (Asahi Kasei Medical, Tokyo, Japan) for the removal of PrPSc from cell culture media supplemented with FBS. We first established that QSD filtration had no adverse effect on the chemical composition of various types of culture media supplemented with 10% FBS or the growth and viability characteristics of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-k1) cells propagated in the various culture-medium filtrates. We used a 0.6-mL QSD column for removing PrPSc from up to 1000 mL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% FBS previously spiked with the 263K strain of hamster-adapted scrapie. The Western blot analysis, validated alongside an infectivity assay, revealed that the level of PrPSc in the initial 200mL flow-through was reduced by 2.5 to > 3 log10, compared with that of the starting material. These results indicate that QSD filtration removes PrPSc from cell culture media containing 10% FBS, and demonstrate the ease with which QSD filtration can be implemented in at industrial-scale to improve the safety of vaccines, therapeutic recombinant proteins, and ex vivo expanded stem cells produced using growth media supplemented with FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Bailey
- ViruSure, Tech Gate Science and Technology Park, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiffany Avory
- ViruSure, Tech Gate Science and Technology Park, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Verdanova M, Pytlik R, Kalbacova MH. Evaluation of sericin as a fetal bovine serum-replacing cryoprotectant during freezing of human mesenchymal stromal cells and human osteoblast-like cells. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:99-105. [PMID: 24749876 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable, cryoprotective, xeno-free medium suitable for different cell types is highly desirable in regenerative medicine. There is danger of infection or allergic reaction with the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS), making it problematic for medical applications. The aim of the present study was to develop an FBS-free cryoprotective medium for human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs; primary cells) and immortalized human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line). Furthermore, we endeavored to eliminate or reduce the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the medium. Sericin, a sticky protein derived from the silkworm cocoon, was investigated as a substitute for FBS and DMSO in the freezing medium. Cell viability (24 hours after thawing, both hMSC and SAOS-2) and colony-forming ability (2 weeks after thawing, only for hMSCs) were both determined. The FBS-free medium with 1% sericin in 10% DMSO was found to be a suitable freezing medium for primary hMSCs, in contrast to immortalized human osteoblasts. Surprisingly, the storage of hMSCs in a cultivation medium with only 10% DMSO also provided satisfactory results. Any drop in DMSO concentration led to significantly worse survival of cells, with little improvement in hMSC survival in the presence of sericin. Thus, sericin may substitute for FBS in the freezing medium for primary hMSCs, but cannot substitute for DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Verdanova
- 1 Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Xeno-immunogenicity of ice-free cryopreserved porcine leaflets. J Surg Res 2014; 193:933-41. [PMID: 25454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undesirable processes of inflammation, calcification, or immune-mediated reactions are limiting factors in long-term survival of heart valves in patients. In this study, we target the modulatory effects of ice-free cryopreservation (IFC) of xenogeneic heart valve leaflet matrices, without decellularization, on the adaptive human immune responses in vitro. METHODS We tested porcine leaflet matrices from fresh untreated, conventionally cryopreserved (CFC), and IFC pulmonary valves by culturing them with human blood mononuclear cells for 5 d in vitro. No other tissue treatment protocols to modify possible immune responses were used. Matrices alone or in addition with a low-dose second stimulus were analyzed for induction of proliferation and cytokine release by flow cytometry-based techniques. Evaluation of the α-Gal epitope expression was performed by immunohistochemistry with fluorochrome-labeled B4 isolectin. RESULTS None of the tested leaflet treatment groups directly triggered the proliferation of immune cells. But when tested in combination with a second trigger by anti-CD3, IFC valves showed significantly reduced proliferation of T cells, especially effector memory T cells, in comparison with fresh or CFC tissue. Moreover, the cytokine levels for interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 were reduced for the IFC-treated group being significantly different compared with the CFC group. However, no difference between treatment groups in the expression of the α-Gal antigen was observed. CONCLUSIONS IFC of xenogeneic tissue might be an appropriate treatment method or processing step to prevent responses of the adaptive immune system.
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Wright GJ, Brockbank KGM, Rahn E, Halwani DO, Chen Z, Yao H. Impact of storage solution formulation during refrigerated storage upon chondrocyte viability and cartilage matrix. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:51-8. [PMID: 25171188 DOI: 10.1159/000363134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preservation solutions have been evaluated for longer hypothermic cartilage storage for tissue transplantation; however, the results are mixed. This research was carried out to determine whether phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or organ preservation solutions would preserve both the extracellular matrix and chondrocytes of articular cartilage better than culture medium during refrigerated storage in the time frame that cartilage is stored for clinical use. Porcine cartilage plugs were stored, without the underlying bone, in culture medium with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS), PBS, Belzer's and Unisol solutions for 1 month at 4°C. Metabolic activity was tested using a resazurin reduction method, and matrix permeability was evaluated by measuring electrical conductivity. Storage in culture medium with 10% FBS was shown to provide good cartilage metabolic function for 7 days, decreasing to about 36% after 1 month of storage. There was no significant difference between samples stored in culture medium with and without FBS after 1 month of storage (p = 0.5005). Refrigerated storage of cartilage in PBS and two different solutions (Belzer's and Unisol) designed for optimal refrigerated tissue and organ storage results in loss of chondrocyte function and retention of matrix permeability. In contrast, the opposite, namely significantly better retention of chondrocyte function and loss of matrix permeability, was observed with culture medium. Future research should be focused on combining retention of chondrocyte function and matrix permeability by storage solution formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Wright
- Clemson-Medical University of South Carolina Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, S.C., USA
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Huber AJT, Brockbank KGM, Riemann I, Schleicher M, Schenke-Layland K, Fritze O, Wendel HP, Stock UA. Preclinical evaluation of ice-free cryopreserved arteries: structural integrity and hemocompatibility. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:262-70. [PMID: 22414821 DOI: 10.1159/000334544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial allografts are routinely employed for reconstruction of infected prosthetic grafts. Usually, banked cryopreserved arteries are used; however, existing conventional freezing cryopreservation techniques applied to arteries are expensive. In contrast, a new ice-free cryopreservation technique results in processing, storage and shipping methods that are technically simpler and potentially less costly. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not ice-free cryopreservation causes tissue changes that might preclude clinical use. METHODS Conventionally frozen cryopreserved porcine arteries were compared with ice-free cryopreserved arteries and untreated fresh controls using morphological (light, scanning electron and laser scanning microscopy), viability (alamarBlue assay) and hemocompatibility methods (blood cell adhesion, thrombin/antithrombin-III-complex, polymorphonuclear neutrophil-elastase, β-thromboglobulin and terminal complement complex SC5b-9). RESULTS No statistically significant structural or hemocompatibility differences between ice-free cryopreserved and frozen tissues were detectable. There were no quantitative differences observed for either autofluorescence (elastin) or second harmonic generation (collagen) measured by laser scanning microscopy. Cell viability in ice-free cryopreserved arteries was significantly reduced compared to fresh and frozen tissues (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The formation of ice in aortic artery preservation did not make a difference in histology, structure or thrombogenicity, but significantly increased viability compared with a preservation method that precludes ice formation. Reduced cell viability should not reduce in vivo performance. Therefore, ice-free cryopreservation is a potentially safe and cost-effective technique for the cryopreservation of blood vessel allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes J T Huber
- Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Long-term storage of human heart valves above the glass transition at -80°C. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:694; author reply 695. [PMID: 22269755 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ice-free cryopreservation of heart valve allografts: better extracellular matrix preservation in vivo and preclinical results. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 13:663-71. [PMID: 22212702 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-011-9288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Brockbank KG, Rahn E, Wright GJ, Chen Z, Yao H. Impact of Hypothermia upon Chondrocyte Viability and Cartilage Matrix Permeability after 1 Month of Refrigerated Storage. Transfus Med Hemother 2011; 38:387-392. [PMID: 22403523 PMCID: PMC3268002 DOI: 10.1159/000334595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research was to assess the extracellular matrix and chondrocytes of articular cartilage during refrigerated storage and to determine whether changes could be detected in the time frame that cartilage is stored for clinical use. MATHODS: Porcine cartilage was stored as either bisected femoral heads with bone attached or plugs without the underlying bone in culture medium with fetal bovine serum for 1 month at 4 °C. Metabolic activity was tested using a resazurin reduction method on intact tissue and viable cell recovery after enzymatic tissue digestion at each time point. Cartilage plug permeability was evaluated by measuring electrical conductivity. RESULTS: Storage in culture medium provided good cartilage viability and metabolic function for 7 days; however, significant changes were observed in femoral heads (p < 0.05). All mean chondrocyte assessment values were <30% of fresh controls at 28 days. Cartilage plugs tended to perform better after 7 days of storage than the femoral heads and retained significantly higher metabolic activity (mean = 94.5% vs. 70.5%; p < 0.05). Cartilage plugs demonstrated consistent changes in electrical conductivity after 28 days of storage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Refrigerated storage of cartilage results in both loss of chondrocyte viability and matrix permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin G.M. Brockbank
- Cell & Tissue Systems, Inc., North Charleston, SC, USA
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eliza Rahn
- Cell & Tissue Systems, Inc., North Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gregory J. Wright
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Cell & Tissue Systems, Inc., North Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA
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Brockbank KG, Wright GJ, Yao H, Greene ED, Chen ZZ, Schenke-Layland K. Allogeneic Heart Valve Storage Above the Glass Transition at −80°C. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91:1829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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