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Hay AL, Birch J, Ellis S, Burns D, Mansour S, Khakoo SI, Hammond JA. Cattle killer immunoglobulin-like receptor expression on leukocyte subsets suggests functional divergence compared to humans. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 263:110646. [PMID: 37634416 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cattle, sheep, and goats are the only species outside primates known to have an expanded and diversified family of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Primate KIR are expressed on the surface of NK and T cells and bind MHC-I to control activation. However, the surface expression, ligands and function of bovid KIR remain unknown. Cattle botaKIR2DL1 is the only functional KIR of the same DL-lineage as the expanded KIR in primates and we examined if leukocyte expression patterns were consistent with human. We raised a specific mouse anti-botaKIR2DL1 monoclonal antibody and assessed its utility in flow cytometry, ELISA, and western blot. Unlike primates, cattle DL-lineage KIR (botaKIR2DL1) is present on B cells and monocytes in addition to T cells and low-level expression on NK cells. Expression decreases after in vitro PBMC stimulation with IL-2. This suggests that botaKIR2DL1 has different functions, and potentially ligands, compared to primate KIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Hay
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - James Birch
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Ellis
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Burns
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hammond
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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Malukiewicz J, Boere V, de Oliveira MAB, D'arc M, Ferreira JVA, French J, Housman G, de Souza CI, Jerusalinsky L, R de Melo F, M Valença-Montenegro M, Moreira SB, de Oliveira E Silva I, Pacheco FS, Rogers J, Pissinatti A, Del Rosario RCH, Ross C, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Pereira LCM, Schiel N, de Fátima Rodrigues da Silva F, Souto A, Šlipogor V, Tardif S. An Introduction to the Callithrix Genus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research. ILAR J 2021; 61:110-138. [PMID: 34933341 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C geoffroyi, C jacchus, C kuhlii, and C penicillata), this relatively young primate radiation is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Significant impacts on Callithrix within these biomes resulting from anthropogenic activity include (1) population declines, particularly for the aurita group; (2) widespread geographic displacement, biological invasions, and range expansions of C jacchus and C penicillata; (3) anthropogenic hybridization; and (4) epizootic Yellow Fever and Zika viral outbreaks. A number of Brazilian legal and conservation initiatives are now in place to protect the threatened aurita group and increase research about them. Due to their small size and rapid life history, marmosets are prized biomedical models. As a result, there are increasingly sophisticated genomic Callithrix resources available and burgeoning marmoset functional, immuno-, and epigenomic research. In both the laboratory and the wild, marmosets have given us insight into cognition, social group dynamics, human disease, and pregnancy. Callithrix jacchus and C penicillata are emerging neotropical primate models for arbovirus disease, including Dengue and Zika. Wild marmoset populations are helping us understand sylvatic transmission and human spillover of Zika and Yellow Fever viruses. All of these factors are positioning marmosets as preeminent models to facilitate understanding of facets of evolution, hybridization, conservation, human disease, and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vanner Boere
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mirela D'arc
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica V A Ferreira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey French
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Valença-Montenegro
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santos Pacheco
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C H Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Pereira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Lee SH, Shin DJ, Kim Y, Kim CJ, Lee JJ, Yoon MS, Uong TNT, Yu D, Jung JY, Cho D, Jung BG, Kim SK, Suh GH. Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3 +CD5 dimCD21 - Cytotoxic Large Granular Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 29755462 PMCID: PMC5934500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against infections and malignant transformation, and adopted transfer of NK cells is thought to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. Previous reports describing the phenotypic features of canine NK cells have produced inconsistent results. Canine NK cells are still defined as non-B and non-T (CD3−CD21−) large granular lymphocytes. However, a few reports have demonstrated that canine NK cells share the phenotypic characteristics of T lymphocytes, and that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes are putative canine NK cells. Based on our previous reports, we hypothesized that phenotypic modulation could occur between these two populations during activation. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional differences between CD3+CD5dimCD21− (cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes) and CD3−CD5−CD21− NK lymphocytes before and after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal dogs. The results of this study show that CD3+CD5dimCD21− lymphocytes can be differentiated into non-B, non-T NK (CD3−CD5−CD21−TCRαβ−TCRγδ−GranzymeB+) lymphocytes through phenotypic modulation in response to cytokine stimulation. In vitro studies of purified CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells showed that CD3−CD5−CD21− cells are derived from CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells through phenotypic modulation. CD3+CD5dimCD21− cells share more NK cell functional characteristics compared with CD3−CD5−CD21− cells, including the expression of T-box transcription factors (Eomes, T-bet), the production of granzyme B and interferon-γ, and the expression of NK cell-related molecular receptors such as NKG2D and NKp30. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that CD3+CD5dimCD21− and CD3−CD5−CD21− cells both contain a subset of putative NK cells, and the difference between the two populations may be due to the degree of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Shin
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Hemotology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Mee Sun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dohyeon Yu
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bock-Gie Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory and Companion Animal Science, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, South Korea
| | - Guk-Hyun Suh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Walter L, Ansari AA. MHC and KIR Polymorphisms in Rhesus Macaque SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:540. [PMID: 26557119 PMCID: PMC4617107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer lymphocytes are essentially involved as the first line of defense against agents such as viruses and malignant cells. The activity of these cells is regulated via interaction of specific and diverse killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) with the highly polymorphic cognate MHC class I proteins on target cells. Genetic variability of both KIR and MHC-I ligands has been shown to be associated with resistance to many diseases, including infection with the immunodeficiency virus. Disease course and progression to AIDS after infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is essentially influenced by the presence of the stimulatory KIR3DS1 receptor in combination with HLA-Bw4. Knowledge of such genetic interactions that contribute to not only disease resistance but also susceptibility are just as important. Such combined genetic factors were recently reported in the rhesus macaque AIDS model. Here, we review the rhesus macaque MHC class I and KIR gene systems and the role of their polymorphisms in the SIV infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that play a crucial role against viral infections and tumors. To be tolerant against healthy tissue and simultaneously attack infected cells, the activity of NK cells is tightly regulated by a sophisticated array of germline-encoded activating and inhibiting receptors. The best characterized mechanism of NK cell activation is “missing self” detection, i.e., the recognition of virally infected or transformed cells that reduce their MHC expression to evade cytotoxic T cells. To monitor the expression of MHC-I on target cells, NK cells have monomorphic inhibitory receptors which interact with conserved MHC molecules. However, there are other NK cell receptors (NKRs) encoded by gene families showing a remarkable genetic diversity. Thus, NKR haplotypes contain several genes encoding for receptors with activating and inhibiting signaling, and that vary in gene content and allelic polymorphism. But if missing-self detection can be achieved by a monomorphic NKR system why have these polygenic and polymorphic receptors evolved? Here, we review the expansion of NKR receptor families in different mammal species, and we discuss several hypotheses that possibly underlie the diversification of the NK cell receptor complex, including the evolution of viral decoys, peptide sensitivity, and selective MHC-downregulation.
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Albrecht C, Malzahn D, Brameier M, Hermes M, Ansari AA, Walter L. Progression to AIDS in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques is Associated with Distinct KIR and MHC class I Polymorphisms and NK Cell Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2014; 5:600. [PMID: 25506344 PMCID: PMC4246914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) regulate the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and have been shown to be associated with susceptibility to a number of human infectious diseases. Here, we analyzed NK cell function and genetic associations in a cohort of 52 rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SIVmac and subsequently stratified into high viral load (HVL) and low viral load (LVL) plasma viral loads at set point. This stratification coincided with fast (HVL) and slow (LVL) disease progression indicated by the disease course and critical clinical parameters including CD4+ T cell counts. HVL animals revealed sustained proliferation of NK cells but distinct loss of peripheral blood NK cell numbers and lytic function. Genetic analyses revealed that KIR genes 3DL05, 3DS05, and 3DL10 as well as 3DSW08, 3DLW03, and 3DSW09 are correlated, most likely due to underlying haplotypes. SIV-infection outcome associated with presence of transcripts for two inhibitory KIR genes (KIR3DL02, KIR3DL10) and three activating KIR genes (KIR3DSW08, KIR3DS02, KIR3DS05). Presence of KIR3DL02 and KIR3DSW08 was associated with LVL outcome, whereas presence of KIR3DS02 was associated with HVL outcome. Furthermore, we identified epistasis between KIR and MHC class I alleles as the transcript presence of the correlated genes KIR3DL05, KIR3DS05, and KIR3DL10 increased HVL risk when Mamu-B*012 transcripts were also present or when Mamu-A1*001 transcripts were absent. These genetic associations were mirrored by changes in the numbers, the level of proliferation, and lytic capabilities of NK cells as well as overall survival time and gastro-intestinal tissue viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Albrecht
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Dörthe Malzahn
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Markus Brameier
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Meike Hermes
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research , Göttingen , Germany
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Bryceson YT, Ljunggren HG. Natural killer cells: biology, physiology and medicine--part 1. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:213-5. [PMID: 21454963 DOI: 10.1159/000325332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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