1
|
Benavides JA, Megid J, Castilho JG, Macedo CI, Mourão Fuches RM, Frazatti Gallina NM, Boere V, Zalafon-Silva B, da Silva RM, Coutinho JFV, Arruda MDF, de Oliveira E Silva I, Valença-Montenegro MM, Cordeiro JF, Leal S, Higashi CDS, Medeiros FDS, Uchoa de Castro A, Rizzo R, Sena FA, Gonçalves PDC, Rocha SM, Wada M, Vargas A, Carrieri ML, Kotait I. No Evidence of Rabies Exposure in Wild Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) of Northeast Brazil. Ecohealth 2023; 20:355-361. [PMID: 38236519 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rabies transmitted by wildlife is the main source of human rabies mortality in Latin America and considered an emerging disease. The common marmoset Callithrix jacchus of Brazil is the only known primate reservoir of rabies worldwide. We tested whether alive free-ranging C. jacchus were exposed to rabies in four northeast states that have previously reported rabies-positive dead C. jacchus (Pernambuco and Bahia) or not (Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte). Our results show no evidence of rabies antibodies or infection in the sampled C. jacchus, suggesting that apparently healthy marmosets are not widely exposed to rabies over their natural range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Benavides
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM MIVEGEC, Centre Montpellier. 911, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jane Megid
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla I Macedo
- Pasteur Institute, Av. Paulista 393, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01311-000, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Mourão Fuches
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanner Boere
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, BR 415, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ramiro Monã da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Setor de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidade Federal do Río Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Mafra Valença-Montenegro
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiro, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Leal
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Rizzo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Antonio Sena
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Wada
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Vargas
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Carrieri
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Figueira MDP, Silva IDOE, Boere V. Olfactory Enrichment in Hoary Foxes ( Lycalopex vetulus LUND 1842): A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091530. [PMID: 37174566 PMCID: PMC10177539 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have tested a method of olfactory environmental enrichment in hoary foxes used in other wild canids in captivity. The individuals were exposed to four olfactory stimuli (meat, mouse urine, cheese, and egg) that were wrapped in cotton bags outside the enclosures at the zoo for five minutes. Behavioral observations were performed using the focal animal method, and all occurrences were recorded. The pre-exposure phase (Basal), exposure phase (Exp), and post-exposure phase and Basal phase (Pos) were analyzed for a period of five minutes. Behavioral responses were categorized as positive, negative, or other. Positive behavior tended to increase (p = 0.07) from the Basal phase to the Exp phase, but there was no statistical difference (p = 0.31) between the phases. Negative and other behavior did not differ statistically from the Basal phase to the Exp phase (N-, p = 0.32; Ot, p = 0.35) or Basal to the Pos phase (N-, p = 0.18; Ot, p = 0.92). The odors used seemed to elicit positive behavior weakly. Negative behavior was stable for the hoary foxes. The method failed to improve the hoary foxes' welfare. Because their natural diet is based on insects and fruits, it is suggested that the stimuli used in this study have no appetitive value for hoary foxes. The method used with the same olfactory stimuli that were successful in other canid species is unsuitable for hoary foxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene de Paula Figueira
- Post-Graduate Program at Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Post-Graduate Program at Health, Environment and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna 45653-970, BA, Brazil
| | - Vanner Boere
- Post-Graduate Program at Environmental Sciences and Technology, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna 45653-970, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malukiewicz J, Boere V, de Oliveira MAB, D'arc M, Ferreira JVA, French J, Housman G, de Souza CI, Jerusalinsky L, R de Melo F, M Valença-Montenegro M, Moreira SB, de Oliveira E Silva I, Pacheco FS, Rogers J, Pissinatti A, Del Rosario RCH, Ross C, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Pereira LCM, Schiel N, de Fátima Rodrigues da Silva F, Souto A, Šlipogor V, Tardif S. An Introduction to the Callithrix Genus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research. ILAR J 2021; 61:110-138. [PMID: 34933341 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C geoffroyi, C jacchus, C kuhlii, and C penicillata), this relatively young primate radiation is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Significant impacts on Callithrix within these biomes resulting from anthropogenic activity include (1) population declines, particularly for the aurita group; (2) widespread geographic displacement, biological invasions, and range expansions of C jacchus and C penicillata; (3) anthropogenic hybridization; and (4) epizootic Yellow Fever and Zika viral outbreaks. A number of Brazilian legal and conservation initiatives are now in place to protect the threatened aurita group and increase research about them. Due to their small size and rapid life history, marmosets are prized biomedical models. As a result, there are increasingly sophisticated genomic Callithrix resources available and burgeoning marmoset functional, immuno-, and epigenomic research. In both the laboratory and the wild, marmosets have given us insight into cognition, social group dynamics, human disease, and pregnancy. Callithrix jacchus and C penicillata are emerging neotropical primate models for arbovirus disease, including Dengue and Zika. Wild marmoset populations are helping us understand sylvatic transmission and human spillover of Zika and Yellow Fever viruses. All of these factors are positioning marmosets as preeminent models to facilitate understanding of facets of evolution, hybridization, conservation, human disease, and emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Malukiewicz
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vanner Boere
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mirela D'arc
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica V A Ferreira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey French
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Valença-Montenegro
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros (ICMBio/CPB), Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Institute of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santos Pacheco
- Centro de Conservação dos Saguis-da-Serra, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C H Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinna Ross
- Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos R Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Pereira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, UNIVASF, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vedrana Šlipogor
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Suzette Tardif
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira KF, Silva IDOE, Silva FDFR, Silva VHDE, de Castro CSS, Boere V. Hematology and serum biochemistry of free-range brown-throated sloths in two urban areas in Brazil. Vet World 2020; 13:2033-2038. [PMID: 33132622 PMCID: PMC7566260 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2033-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is widely distributed in three biomes: The Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Caatinga. Some subpopulations are isolated in urban areas in Brazil, usually in squares and small woods. Due to the scarcity of reference values, an investigation was carried out on the hematology and blood biochemistry of brown-throated sloths from urban areas. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected by venipuncture in the femoral vein from 19 brown-throated sloths for hematological and biochemical analyses, living in two municipalities; Teófilo Otoni (TO) (Minas Gerais State) and Rio Tinto (RT) (Paraíba state), in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in specialized veterinary laboratories using automatic cell counters and slide fixation staining methods. Results: The two subpopulations of brown-throated sloths had no significant differences in most hematological values, with the exception of a higher leukocyte concentration (p<0.01) in the RT sub-population. The difference in leukocyte concentration suggests an idiosyncratic effect, as the animals were healthy and the stress of the capture was acute, not chronic. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were similar (p<0.05) in brown-throated sloths from TO and RT. Likewise, the liver enzyme concentrations (ALP, alanine transaminase [ALT], and aspartate transaminase [AST]) did not differ between the two subpopulations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Compared to another study, brown-throated sloths from TO and RT have higher plasma concentrations of ALT and ALP, suggestive of a hepatic overload. Hematological and blood biochemical findings of TO and RT can be used as clinical reference values for brown-throated sloths living in an urban environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kissia Ferreira Pereira
- Postgraduation Program at Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ita de Oliveira E Silva
- Postgraduation Program at Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences of the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Jorge Amado, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Soraia Soares de Castro
- Postgraduation Program at Ecology and Environmental Monitoring, Department of Engineering and Environment, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vanner Boere
- Postgraduation Program at Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences of the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Campus Jorge Amado, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Housman G, Malukiewicz J, Boere V, Grativol AD, Pereira LCM, Silva IDOE, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Truman R, Stone AC. Correction: Validation of qPCR Methods for the Detection of Mycobacterium in New World Animal Reservoirs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004756. [PMID: 27219335 PMCID: PMC4878749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|