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Benavides JA, Megid J, Castilho JG, Macedo CI, Mourão Fuches RM, Frazatti Gallina NM, Boere V, Zalafon-Silva B, da Silva RM, Coutinho JFV, Arruda MDF, de Oliveira E Silva I, Valença-Montenegro MM, Cordeiro JF, Leal S, Higashi CDS, Medeiros FDS, Uchoa de Castro A, Rizzo R, Sena FA, Gonçalves PDC, Rocha SM, Wada M, Vargas A, Carrieri ML, Kotait I. No Evidence of Rabies Exposure in Wild Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) of Northeast Brazil. Ecohealth 2023; 20:355-361. [PMID: 38236519 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rabies transmitted by wildlife is the main source of human rabies mortality in Latin America and considered an emerging disease. The common marmoset Callithrix jacchus of Brazil is the only known primate reservoir of rabies worldwide. We tested whether alive free-ranging C. jacchus were exposed to rabies in four northeast states that have previously reported rabies-positive dead C. jacchus (Pernambuco and Bahia) or not (Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte). Our results show no evidence of rabies antibodies or infection in the sampled C. jacchus, suggesting that apparently healthy marmosets are not widely exposed to rabies over their natural range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Benavides
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM MIVEGEC, Centre Montpellier. 911, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad y Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jane Megid
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla I Macedo
- Pasteur Institute, Av. Paulista 393, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01311-000, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Mourão Fuches
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanner Boere
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, BR 415, Itabuna, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ramiro Monã da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Setor de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidade Federal do Río Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Mafra Valença-Montenegro
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiro, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Leal
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Rizzo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Antonio Sena
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Wada
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Vargas
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Carrieri
- Centro de Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Piloto de Vacinas Virais, São Paulo, Brazil
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Benavides JA, Raghavan RK, Boere V, Rocha S, Wada MY, Vargas A, Voietta F, de Oliveira e Silva I, Leal S, de Castro A, Arruda MDF, Peterson AT, Megid J, Carrieri ML, Kotait I. Spatio-temporal dynamics of rabies and habitat suitability of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010254. [PMID: 35358179 PMCID: PMC8970506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies transmitted by wildlife is now the main source of human rabies in the Americas. The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is considered a reservoir of rabies causing sporadic and unpredictable human deaths in Brazil, but the extent of the spillover risk to humans remains unknown. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal dynamics of rabies affecting C. jacchus reported to Brazil’s Ministry of Health passive surveillance system between 2008 and 2020, and combined ecological niche modelling with C. jacchus occurrence data to predict its suitable habitat. Our results show that 67 outbreaks (91 cases) of rabies affecting C. jacchus were reported by 41 municipalities between January 2008 and October 2020, with a mean of 5 outbreaks/year [range: 1–14]. The maximum number of outbreaks and municipalities reporting cases occurred in 2018, coinciding with higher surveillance of primate deaths due to Yellow Fever. A mean of 3 [1–9] new municipalities reported outbreaks yearly, suggesting potential spatial expansions of the C. jacchus variant in northeastern Brazil and emerging rabies spillover from vampire bat Desmodus rotundus to C. jacchus in the north and south. Outbreaks were concentrated in the states of Ceará (72%) and Pernambuco (16%) up to 2012, but are now reported in Piauí since 2013, in Bahia since 2017 (D. rotundus’ antigenic variant, AgV3) and in Rio de Janeiro since 2019 (AgV3). Besides confirming suitable habitat for this primate in the northeast and the east coast of Brazil, our Maximum Entropy model also predicted suitable habitat on the north and the west states of the country but predicted low habitat suitability among inland municipalities of the Caatinga biome reporting rabies. Our findings revealed new areas reporting rabies infecting C. jacchus, highlighting the need to implement strategies limiting spillover to humans and to better understand the drivers of C. jacchus rabies dynamics. Rabies virus is the deadliest virus affecting mammals. In Brazil, rabies transmitted by the common marmoset primate is emerging and causing unpredictable human deaths. This primate once endemic to the northeast of the country has now invaded regions in the south throughout human-mediated introductions. However, the dynamics of rabies in this primate and the extend of spillover risk to humans remain unknown. We found that outbreaks of rabies in this marmoset reported to the Ministry of Health are continuously reported in new areas, including three new states since 2012 and three states reporting rabies originated from the common vampire bat. We also showed that this primate has suitable habitat to invade other states in the north and west of Brazil. Preventive strategies should be implemented to limit further rabies spillover to humans in new areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A. Benavides
- Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación y Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440 Santiago, Chile
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Departamento Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ram K. Raghavan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Professions, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vanner Boere
- Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia -UFSB, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Silene Rocha
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Y. Wada
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Vargas
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Voietta
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ita de Oliveira e Silva
- Institute of Humanities, Arts and Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia -UFSB, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Silvana Leal
- Secretaria de saúde de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alene de Castro
- Programa Estadual de Vigilância de Epizootia, Secretaria de saúde de Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Setor de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Fisiología Universidade Federal do Río Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - A. Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jane Megid
- Departamento Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Ivanete Kotait
- Retired Researcher, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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Garber PA, Caselli CB, McKenney AC, Abreu F, De la Fuente MF, Araújo A, de Fatima Arruda M, Souto A, Schiel N, Bicca-Marques JC. Trait variation and trait stability in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) inhabiting ecologically distinct habitats in northeastern Brazil. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23018. [PMID: 31192487 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the set of factors that promote and constrain a species' ability to exploit ecologically distinct habitats is central for addressing questions of intraspecific variability in behavior and morphology. In this study, we compared newly collected data with published data on body measurements, group size and composition, daily path length, home range, and reproductive output in wild common marmosets naturally inhabiting two contrasting environments in northeastern Brazil: the Atlantic Forest (AF), which is characterized by high biodiversity and reduced seasonality in food availability and the Caatinga (CAT), which is characterized by a severe hot and dry season lasting from 5 to 11 months, drought-resistant plant species, and reduced primary productivity. Despite marked differences in ecological conditions, CAT marmosets and AF marmosets differed minimally in daily path length, home range, reproductive output, and infant survivorship. CAT marmosets were found to live in smaller groups containing fewer adult females than AF marmosets, and also were characterized by a greater surface area to body mass ratio, a trait that may represent an adaptation to the hot and dry conditions of the Caatinga. We propose that in conjunction with body mass reduction, minor adjustments in behavior, the exploitation of cacti as a source of water and nutrients, and access to exudates as a dependable year-round food resource, common marmosets successfully used the same adaptive pattern to maintain high reproductive output and infant survivorship in exploiting these two ecologically distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Christini B Caselli
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anna C McKenney
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Filipa Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda De la Fuente
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arrilton Araújo
- Departamento e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Departamento e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Etologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências, Laboratório de Primatologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yamamoto ME, Araujo A, Arruda MDF, Lima AKM, Siqueira JDO, Hattori WT. Male and female breeding strategies in a cooperative primate. Behav Processes 2014; 109 Pt A:27-33. [PMID: 25010563 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Marmosets are cooperative breeders organized as extended family groups, but breeding is generally restricted to a single pair. Breeding competition is fierce in female marmosets; males, on the other hand, show low levels of intragroup aggression. We investigated male and female breeding strategies and the resulting reproductive output in 9 wild groups. Reproductive output, tenure of breeding animals, identification of the breeding system, breeding position replacements, migration and infanticide were recorded; also, we recorded grooming and aggression. Replacement of the breeding male or female was observed on nine occasions. On four occasions, the son of the breeding male inherited the breeding post, but we never observed inheritance of a breeding post by a daughter. Mostly, females attained a breeding post by immigrating to a group that had a breeding vacancy. Our results showed that Callithrix jacchus males and females use different strategies to attain a breeding position and maintain it for as long as possible. These strategies prolong the tenure of the breeding position, which is the best way to produce a large number of offspring. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neotropical Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Yamamoto
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Arrilton Araujo
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fatima Arruda
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Ana Karinne Moreira Lima
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jose de Oliveira Siqueira
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Bloco A, Sala E3, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wallisen Tadashi Hattori
- Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, Caixa Postal 1511, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 50978-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Sousa MBC, Albuquerque ACSDR, Albuquerque FDS, Araujo A, Yamamoto ME, Arruda MDF. Behavioral strategies and hormonal profiles of dominant and subordinate common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females in wild monogamous groups. Am J Primatol 2005; 67:37-50. [PMID: 16163713 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the mating systems of common marmosets suggest that they are mainly monogamous, although polygyny and polyandry occasionally occur. Long-term monitoring of wild common marmosets has shown that some reports of polygynous groups (i.e., groups that contain more than one reproducing female) in fact indicate an unbalanced reproductive output associated with extragroup copulation. In this study we describe the behavioral and hormonal profiles of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females living in three wild monogamous groups (Q, PBf, and T), varying from five to 11 individuals, at Nísia Floresta field station, RN, Brazil. The mating system of the groups was previously characterized in terms of affiliative, sexual, and mate-guarding behaviors. Behavioral data were collected once a week, and fecal samples were collected at least twice a week for 10-16 months, depending on the group. A preferential allogrooming relationship was recorded between dominant males and females. Under field conditions the reproductive inhibition of subordinate females appears to be more behavioral than hormonal, since subordinate females of the three groups ovulated and two conceived during the study. In these cases, the subordinate and dominant females reproduced 1 month apart, and infanticide (one case confirmed and one suspected) appeared to be part of the reproductive strategy of dominant females. Following the infanticide, ovarian inhibition (group T) or emigration and return to the natal group (group PBf) were observed. In the third group (Q) the subordinate female showed hormonal profiles compatible with pregnancy, but no infants were seen. These findings reflect the different alternatives that wild subordinate common marmoset females use to reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro Sousa
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Yamamoto ME, Arruda MDF, Bueno OF. Compensation in Abnormal Conditions of Infant Care in the Common Marmoset (<em>Callithrix Jacchus</em>). International Journal of Comparative Psychology 1987. [DOI: 10.46867/c4mk5v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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