1
|
Stevens MFG, Wheelhouse RT. Antitumour imidazotetrazines: past, present… and future? RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:736-741. [PMID: 37799580 PMCID: PMC10549241 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is 40 years since the publication of the patent that announced the imidazotetrazines temozolomide and mitozolomide to the world and 30 since the discovery that they function as prodrugs of alkyldiazonium reactive intermediates. Temozolomide combined with radiation is established as the first-line treatment for glioma but despite the attentions of the inventors and others, further examples of this intriguing ring system have yet to enter the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm F G Stevens
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Richard T Wheelhouse
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maksoud S. The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5326-5365. [PMID: 35696013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of tumor in the central nervous system, which exhibit properties that make their treatment difficult, such as cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells responsible for tumor recurrence. The response of this type of tumor to chemoradiotherapy is poor, possibly due to a higher repair activity of the genetic material, among other causes. The DNA double-strand breaks are an important type of lesion to the genetic material, which have the potential to trigger processes of cell death or cause gene aberrations that could promote tumorigenesis. This review describes how the different cellular elements regulate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair in gliomas, discussing the therapeutic potential of the induction of this type of lesion and the suppression of its repair as a control mechanism of brain tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Svec RL, McKee SA, Berry MR, Kelly AM, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. Novel Imidazotetrazine Evades Known Resistance Mechanisms and Is Effective against Temozolomide-Resistant Brain Cancer in Cell Culture. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:299-313. [PMID: 35119837 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. Currently, frontline treatment for primary GBM includes the DNA-methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ, of the imidazotetrazine class), while the optimal treatment for recurrent GBM remains under investigation. Despite its widespread use, a majority of GBM patients do not respond to TMZ therapy; expression of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) enzyme and loss of mismatch repair (MMR) function as the principal clinical modes of resistance to TMZ. Here, we describe a novel imidazotetrazine designed to evade resistance by MGMT while retaining suitable hydrolytic stability, allowing for effective prodrug activation and biodistribution. This dual-substituted compound, called CPZ, exhibits activity against cancer cells irrespective of MGMT expression and MMR status. CPZ has greater blood-brain barrier penetrance and comparable hematological toxicity relative to TMZ, while also matching its maximum tolerated dose in mice when dosed once-per-day over five days. The activity of CPZ is independent of the two principal mechanisms suppressing the effectiveness of TMZ, making it a promising new candidate for the treatment of GBM, especially those that are TMZ-resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley L. Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sydney A. McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew R. Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aya M. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zampieri LX, Sboarina M, Cacace A, Grasso D, Thabault L, Hamelin L, Vazeille T, Dumon E, Rossignol R, Frédérick R, Sonveaux E, Lefranc F, Sonveaux P. Olaparib Is a Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor That Kills Temozolomide-Resistant Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111938. [PMID: 34769368 PMCID: PMC8584761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma represents the highest grade of brain tumors. Despite maximal resection surgery associated with radiotherapy and concomitant followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), patients have a very poor prognosis due to the rapid recurrence and the acquisition of resistance to TMZ. Here, initially considering that TMZ is a prodrug whose activation is pH-dependent, we explored the contribution of glioblastoma cell metabolism to TMZ resistance. Using isogenic TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant human glioblastoma cells, we report that the expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which is known to repair TMZ-induced DNA methylation, does not primarily account for TMZ resistance. Rather, fitter mitochondria in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells are a direct cause of chemoresistance that can be targeted by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and/or autophagy/mitophagy. Unexpectedly, we found that PARP inhibitor olaparib, but not talazoparib, is also a mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor. Hence, we propose that the anticancer activities of olaparib in glioblastoma and other cancer types combine DNA repair inhibition and impairment of cancer cell respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca X. Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Andrea Cacace
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Léopold Thabault
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Loïc Hamelin
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM U1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism and Genetics (MRGM), Ecole des Sages Femmes, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (E.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Metabolism and Genetics (MRGM), Ecole des Sages Femmes, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (E.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Etienne Sonveaux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (R.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.X.Z.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (L.T.); (L.H.); (T.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alqosaibi AI, Abdel-Ghany S, Sabit H. Temozolomide modulates the expression of miRNAs in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100308. [PMID: 33465562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, where nearly 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer, with 70% of all deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. The overall lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 in men and 1 in 24 in women. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the role of temozolomide (TMZ) in controlling colon cancer cells (CRC) via regulating the miRnome. For this purpose, CRC cells (CaCo-2) were treated with 50 µM of TMZ for 48 h. Cell count using trypan test and cytotoxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were carried out, and the obtained results indicated a significant decrease in cell count (p = 0.029), and in the cell viability (p = 0.0019). Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometer, and results showed that TMZ arrested CRC cells at G2/M phase. A total of 84 miRNAs were profiled using real time PCR, and the results indicated that TMZ treatment upregulated 15 of 84 miRNAs panel profiled and downregulated the rest. The TMZ-upregulated/downregulated miRNAs were predicted to interact with many epigenetic-related proteins i.e., DNMTs, EZH2, and SUV31H1. This study shed some light on the role of TMZ in regulating the miRnome of CRC and hence in different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany I Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Folcuti C, Horescu C, Barcan E, Alexandru O, Tuta C, Vatu BI, Artene SA, Dricu A. β-arrestin 1 transfection induced cell death in high grade glioma in vitro. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:1021-1032. [PMID: 32807003 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The best known functions of β-arrestins (β-arr) are to regulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) signaling through receptor desensitization and internalization. Many reports also suggest that β-arrs play important role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses, under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that β-arr 1 silencing halts proliferation and increases temozolomide (TMZ) response in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. The focus of this paper is to analyze the role of β-arr 1 overexpression in the 18 high grade glioma (HGG) cell line in terms of viability and their response to TMZ treatment. For this reason, the cell line was transfected with β-arr 1 and the effect was analyzed after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h in terms of proliferation and treatment response. We observed that β-arr 1 overexpression induced a time and dose dependant inhibition in the HGG cells. Unexpectedly, β-arr transfection resulted in a very mild increase in TMZ toxicity after 24 h, becoming non-statistically significant at 72 h. In conclusion, we showed that β-arr 1 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation in the 18 cell line but only has a very modest effect on treatment response with the alkylating agent TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Folcuti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristina Horescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Edmond Barcan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Tuta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Vatu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Z, Wei D, Dai X, Stevens MFG, Bradshaw TD, Luo Y, Zhang J. C8-Substituted Imidazotetrazine Analogs Overcome Temozolomide Resistance by Inducing DNA Adducts and DNA Damage. Front Oncol 2019; 9:485. [PMID: 31263673 PMCID: PMC6584802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Cytotoxic O6-methylguaine lesions formed by TMZ are repaired by O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein that removes alkyl groups located at the O6-position of guanine. Response to TMZ requires low MGMT expression and functional mismatch repair. Resistance to TMZ conferred by MGMT, and tolerance to O6-methylguanine lesions conferred by deficient MMR severely limit TMZ clinical applications. Therefore, development of new TMZ derivatives that can overcome TMZ-resistance is urgent. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of action of two novel TMZ analogs: C8-imidazolyl (377) and C8-methylimidazole (465) tetrazines. We found that analogs 377 and 465 display good anticancer activity against MGMT-overexpressing glioma T98G and MMR deficient colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cell lines with IC50 value of 62.50, 44.23, 33.09, and 25.37 μM, respectively. Analogs induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M, DNA double strand break damage and apoptosis irrespective of MGMT and MMR status. It was established that analog 377, similar to TMZ, is able to ring-open and hydrolyze under physiological conditions, and its intermediate product is more stable than MTIC. Moreover, DNA adducts of 377 with calf thymus DNA were identified: N7-methylguanine, O6-methylguanine, N3-methyladenine, N3-methylthymine, and N3-methylcytidine deoxynucleotides. We conclude that C8 analogs of TMZ share a mechanism of action similar to TMZ and are able to methylate DNA generating O6-methylguanine adducts, but unlike TMZ are able at least in part to thwart MGMT- and MMR-mediated resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Yang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Danping Wei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Dai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Luo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Overall Survival in Malignant Glioma Is Significantly Prolonged by Neurosurgical Delivery of Etoposide and Temozolomide from a Thermo-Responsive Biodegradable Paste. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5094-5106. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Syro LV, Rotondo F, Camargo M, Ortiz LD, Serna CA, Kovacs K. Temozolomide and Pituitary Tumors: Current Understanding, Unresolved Issues, and Future Directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 29963012 PMCID: PMC6013558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide, an alkylating agent, initially used in the treatment of gliomas was expanded to include pituitary tumors in 2006. After 12 years of use, temozolomide has shown a notable advancement in pituitary tumor treatment with a remarkable improvement rate in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival in both aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of temozolomide as alkylating agent, its interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid repair systems, therapeutic effects in pituitary tumors, unresolved issues, and future directions relating to new possibilities of targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Syro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luis V. Syro,
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio Camargo
- Genetics, Regeneration and Cancer Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Leon D. Ortiz
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Instituto de Cancerología, Clinica Las Americas, Pharmacogenomics, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Serna
- Laboratorio de Patologia y Citologia Rodrigo Restrepo, Department of Pathology, Clinica Las Américas, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quan C, Xiao J, Duan Q, Yuan P, Xue P, Lu H, Yan M, Guo D, Xu S, Zhang X, Lin X, Wang Y, Dogan S, Zhang J, Zhu F, Ke C, Liu L. T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in glioma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7782-7795. [PMID: 29487691 PMCID: PMC5814258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TOPK is overexpressed in various types of cancer and associated with poor outcomes in different types of cancer. In this study, we first found that the expression of T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) was significantly higher in Grade III or Grade IV than that in Grade II in glioma (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). Expression of TOPK was positively correlated with Ki67 (P < 0.001). Knockdown of TOPK significantly inhibited cell growth, colony formation and increased sensitivities to temozolomide (TMZ) in U-87 MG or U-251 cells, while TOPK overexpression promoted cell growth and colony formation in Hs 683 or A-172 cells. Glioma patients expressing high levels of TOPK have poor survival compared with those expressing low levels of TOPK in high-grade or low-grade gliomas (hazard ratio = 0.2995; 95% CI, 0.1262 to 0.7108; P = 0.0063 and hazard ratio = 0.1509; 95% CI, 0.05928 to 0.3842; P < 0.0001, respectively). The level of TOPK was low in TMZ-sensitive patients compared with TMZ-resistant patients (P = 0.0056). In TMZ-resistant population, patients expressing high TOPK have two months’ shorter survival time than those expressing low TOPK. Our findings demonstrated that TOPK might represent as a promising prognostic and predictive factor and potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Quan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Peipei Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sanpeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, China Resources and WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Soner Dogan
- School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changshu Ke
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
β-arrestin 1 Overexpression Increases Temozolomide Resistance in Human Malignant Glioma Cells. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:112-119. [PMID: 30595865 PMCID: PMC6284176 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies highlighted β-arrestins (β-arr) as essential proteins behind the regulation of major cell signaling pathways in different types of cancer. An impaired β-arrestin 1 (β-arr 1) activation/phosphorylation was suggested to be associated with a high malignant phenotype of glioma. Elevated levels of β-arrestin 2 (β-arr 2) mRNA were also found in advanced stages of breast cancer compared to early stages. In addition, β2-arrestin was also linked to a suppressive effect on tumor growth in other types of cancers such as prostate or non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we analyzed the effect of β-arr 1 overexpression on the cytotoxic effect of Temozolomide (TMZ) in two malignant glioma (MG) cell lines: U-343MGa and Cl2:6. For this purpose, the cells were transected with β-arr 1 and then treated with different concentrations of TMZ for 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the treatment, the cell viability was analyzed by Prestoblue viability assay. Our results showed that TMZ treatment induced cytotoxicity in MG cells while β-arr 1 transfection significantly reduced the TMZ cytotoxic effect in both U-343MGa and Cl2:6 MG cell lines. These results suggest that β-arr 1 overexpression may be a cause of TMZ resistance in MG.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stavrovskaya AA, Shushanov SS, Rybalkina EY. Problems of Glioblastoma Multiforme Drug Resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:91-100. [PMID: 27260389 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBL) is the most common and aggressive brain neoplasm. A standard therapeutic approach for GBL involves combination therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The latter is based on temozolomide (TMZ). However, even by applying such a radical treatment strategy, the mean patient survival time is only 14.6 months. Here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of GBL cells to TMZ including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Present data regarding a role for genes and proteins MGMT, IDH1/2, YB-1, MELK, MVP/LRP, MDR1 (ABCB1), and genes encoding other ABC transporters as well as Akt3 kinase in developing resistance of GBL to TMZ are discussed. Some epigenetic regulators of resistance to TMZ such as microRNA and EZH2 are reviewed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
A role for somatic mutations in carcinogenesis is well accepted, but the degree to which mutation rates influence cancer initiation and development is under continuous debate. Recently accumulated genomic data have revealed that thousands of tumour samples are riddled by hypermutation, broadening support for the idea that many cancers acquire a mutator phenotype. This major expansion of cancer mutation data sets has provided unprecedented statistical power for the analysis of mutation spectra, which has confirmed several classical sources of mutation in cancer, highlighted new prominent mutation sources (such as apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) enzymes) and empowered the search for cancer drivers. The confluence of cancer mutation genomics and mechanistic insight provides great promise for understanding the basic development of cancer through mutations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramirez YP, Mladek AC, Phillips RM, Gynther M, Rautio J, Ross AH, Wheelhouse RT, Sakaria JN. Evaluation of novel imidazotetrazine analogues designed to overcome temozolomide resistance and glioblastoma regrowth. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:111-9. [PMID: 25351918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellular responses to two new temozolomide (TMZ) analogues, DP68 and DP86, acting against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines and primary culture models are reported. Dose-response analysis of cultured GBM cells revealed that DP68 is more potent than DP86 and TMZ and that DP68 was effective even in cell lines resistant to TMZ. On the basis of a serial neurosphere assay, DP68 inhibits repopulation of these cultures at low concentrations. The efficacy of these compounds was independent of MGMT and MMR functions. DP68-induced interstrand DNA cross-links were demonstrated with H2O2-treated cells. Furthermore, DP68 induced a distinct cell-cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in S phase that is not observed for TMZ. Consistent with this biologic response, DP68 induces a strong DNA damage response, including phosphorylation of ATM, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases, KAP1, and histone variant H2AX. Suppression of FANCD2 expression or ATR expression/kinase activity enhanced antiglioblastoma effects of DP68. Initial pharmacokinetic analysis revealed rapid elimination of these drugs from serum. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DP68 is a novel and potent antiglioblastoma compound that circumvents TMZ resistance, likely as a result of its independence from MGMT and mismatch repair and its capacity to cross-link strands of DNA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aniline Compounds/administration & dosage
- Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacokinetics
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism
- DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism
- Dacarbazine/administration & dosage
- Dacarbazine/analogs & derivatives
- Dacarbazine/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glioblastoma/drug therapy
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/administration & dosage
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/chemical synthesis
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacokinetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Temozolomide
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian P Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roger M Phillips
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alonzo H Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Jann N Sakaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Hummersone M, Matthews CS, Stevens MFG, Bradshaw TD. N3-substituted temozolomide analogs overcome methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and mismatch repair precipitating apoptotic and autophagic cancer cell death. Oncology 2014; 88:28-48. [PMID: 25277441 DOI: 10.1159/000366131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment includes temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. O6-Methylguanine lesions are repaired by methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Response to TMZ requires low MGMT and functional mismatch repair (MMR); resistance, conferred by MGMT or MMR deficiency, represents a barrier to successful treatment. TMZ analogs were synthesized, substituting N3-methyl with propargyl (1) or sulfoxide (2). MTT assays were conducted in SNB19 and U373 isogenic glioma cell lines (V = vector control; M = MGMT-transfected). TMZ potency was reduced >5-fold in SNB19M and U373M cells; in contrast, MGMT-expressing cells were equisensitive as vector controls to analogs 1 and 2 . GI50 values <50 μM of analogs 1 or 2 were detected in V cells possessing acquired TMZ resistance: SNB19VR (hMSH6 loss) and U373VR (MGMT upregulation). Analogs 1 and 2 inhibited MMR-deficient colorectal carcinoma cell growth (irrespective of p53); G2/M cell cycle arrest preceded apoptosis. γH2AX foci inferred the generation of DNA double-strand breaks by analogs 1 and 2 . Acridine orange-stained vesicles, intracellular punctate GFP-LC3 protein and double-membraned autophagosomes indicate that TMZ, 1 and 2 induce autophagy in apoptotis-resistant GBM cells. Analogs 1 and 2 elicit in vitro antitumor activity irrespective of MGMT, MMR and p53. Such imidazotetrazines may treat MGMT+ GBM and possess broader spectrum activity causing apoptosis and autophagy in malignancies which evade apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The medicinal chemistry of imidazotetrazine prodrugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:797-838. [PMID: 25014631 PMCID: PMC4113733 DOI: 10.3390/ph7070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard first line treatment for malignant glioma, reaching “blockbuster” status in 2010, yet it remains the only drug in its class. The main constraints on the clinical effectiveness of TMZ therapy are its requirement for active DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins for activity, and inherent resistance through O6-methyl guanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) activity. Moreover, acquired resistance, due to MMR mutation, results in aggressive TMZ-resistant tumour regrowth following good initial responses. Much of the attraction in TMZ as a drug lies in its PK/PD properties: it is acid stable and has 100% oral bioavailability; it also has excellent distribution properties, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and there is direct evidence of tumour localisation. This review seeks to unravel some of the mysteries of the imidazotetrazine class of compounds to which TMZ belongs. In addition to an overview of different synthetic strategies, we explore the somewhat unusual chemical reactivity of the imidazotetrazines, probing their mechanisms of reaction, examining which attributes are required for an active drug molecule and reviewing the use of this combined knowledge towards the development of new and improved anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
|
17
|
Overcoming multiple drug resistance mechanisms in medulloblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:57. [PMID: 24887326 PMCID: PMC4229867 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour. Recurrence and progression of disease occurs in 15-20% of standard risk and 30-40% of high risk patients. We analysed whether circumvention of chemoresistance pathways (drug export, DNA repair and apoptotic inhibition) can restore chemotherapeutic efficacy in a panel of MB cell lines. RESULTS We demonstrate, by immunohistochemistry in patient tissue microarrays, that ABCB1 is expressed in 43% of tumours and is significantly associated with high-risk. We show that ABCB1, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and BCL2 family members are differentially expressed (by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and flow cytometry) in MB cell lines. Based on these findings, each pathway was then inhibited or circumvented and cell survival assessed using clonogenic assays. Inhibition of ABCB1 using vardenafil or verapamil resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity to etoposide in ABCB1-expressing MB cell lines. Sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) was MGMT-dependent, but two novel imidazotetrazine derivatives (N-3 sulfoxide and N-3 propargyl TMZ analogues) demonstrated ≥7 fold and ≥3 fold more potent cytotoxicity respectively compared to TMZ in MGMT-expressing MB cell lines. Activity of the BAD mimetic ABT-737 was BCL2A1 and ABCB1 dependent, whereas the pan-BCL2 inhibitor obatoclax was effective as a single cytotoxic agent irrespective of MCL1, BCL2, BCL2A1, or ABCB1 expression. CONCLUSIONS ABCB1 is associated with high-risk MB; hence, inhibition of ABCB1 by vardenafil may represent a valid approach in these patients. Imidazotetrazine analogues of TMZ and the BH3 mimetic obatoclax are promising clinical candidates in drug resistant MB tumours expressing MGMT and BCL2 anti-apoptotic members respectively.
Collapse
|
18
|
Glioblastoma multiforme therapy and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1475-506. [PMID: 24287492 PMCID: PMC3873674 DOI: 10.3390/ph6121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV brain tumor characterized by a heterogeneous population of cells that are highly infiltrative, angiogenic and resistant to chemotherapy. The current standard of care, comprised of surgical resection followed by radiation and the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, only provides patients with a 12–14 month survival period post-diagnosis. Long-term survival for GBM patients remains uncommon as cells with intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment repopulate the tumor. In this review we will describe the mechanisms of resistance, and how they may be overcome to improve the survival of GBM patients by implementing novel chemotherapy drugs, new drug combinations and new approaches relating to DNA damage, angiogenesis and autophagy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pletsas D, Garelnabi EAE, Li L, Phillips RM, Wheelhouse RT. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship of imidazotetrazine prodrugs with activity independent of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, DNA mismatch repair, and p53. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7120-32. [PMID: 23895620 DOI: 10.1021/jm401121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor prodrug temozolomide is compromised by its dependence for activity on DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the repair of the chemosensitive DNA lesion, O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG), by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.1.63, MGMT). Tumor response is also dependent on wild-type p53. Novel 3-(2-anilinoethyl)-substituted imidazotetrazines are reported that have activity independent of MGMT, MMR, and p53. This is achieved through a switch of mechanism so that bioactivity derives from imidazotetrazine-generated arylaziridinium ions that principally modify guanine-N7 sites on DNA. Mono- and bifunctional analogues are reported, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study identified the p-tolyl-substituted bifunctional congener as optimized for potency, MGMT-independence, and MMR-independence. NCI60 data show the tumor cell response is distinct from other imidazotetrazines and DNA-guanine-N7 active agents such as nitrogen mustards and cisplatin. The new imidazotetrazine compounds are promising agents for further development, and their improved in vitro activity validates the principles on which they were designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Pletsas
- School of Pharmacy and ‡Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
St-Coeur PD, Touaibia M, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Morin P. Leveraging metabolomics to assess the next generation of temozolomide-based therapeutic approaches for glioblastomas. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:199-206. [PMID: 23732626 PMCID: PMC4357826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary tumor of the central nervous system. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Several mechanisms underlying the inherent and acquired temozolomide resistance have been identified and contribute to treatment failure. Early identification of temozolomide-resistant GBM patients and improvement of the therapeutic strategies available to treat this malignancy are of uttermost importance. This review initially looks at the molecular pathways underlying GBM formation and development with a particular emphasis placed on recent therapeutic advances made in the field. Our focus will next be directed toward the molecular mechanisms modulating temozolomide resistance in GBM patients and the strategies envisioned to circumvent this resistance. Finally, we highlight the diagnostic and prognostic value of metabolomics in cancers and assess its potential usefulness in improving the current standard of care for GBM patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhuravleva OI, Afiyatullov SS, Vishchuk OS, Denisenko VA, Slinkina NN, Smetanina OF. Decumbenone C, a new cytotoxic decaline derivative from the marine fungus Aspergillus sulphureus KMM 4640. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1757-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Cousin D, Stevens MFG, Hummersone MG. Antitumour imidazotetrazines. Synthesis and chemistry of 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-carboxamide (nor-temozolomide): an intermediate for the preparation of the antitumour drug temozolomide and analogues, avoiding the use of isocyanates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|