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Xiao X, Li R, Cui B, Lv C, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Hui R, Wang Y. Liver ACSM3 deficiency mediates metabolic syndrome via a lauric acid-HNF4α-p38 MAPK axis. EMBO J 2024; 43:507-532. [PMID: 38191811 PMCID: PMC10897460 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome combines major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making deeper insight into its pathogenesis important. We here explore the mechanistic basis of metabolic syndrome by recruiting an essential patient cohort and performing extensive gene expression profiling. The mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3 (ACSM3) was identified to be significantly lower expressed in the peripheral blood of metabolic syndrome patients. In line, hepatic ACSM3 expression was decreased in mice with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, Acsm3 knockout mice showed glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities, and hepatic accumulation of the ACSM3 fatty acid substrate lauric acid. Acsm3 depletion markedly decreased mitochondrial function and stimulated signaling via the p38 MAPK pathway cascade. Consistently, Acsm3 knockout mouse exhibited abnormal mitochondrial morphology, decreased ATP contents, and enhanced ROS levels in their livers. Mechanistically, Acsm3 deficiency, and lauric acid accumulation activated nuclear receptor Hnf4α-p38 MAPK signaling. In line, the p38 inhibitor Adezmapimod effectively rescued the Acsm3 depletion phenotype. Together, these findings show that disease-associated loss of ACSM3 facilitates mitochondrial dysfunction via a lauric acid-HNF4a-p38 MAPK axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic vulnerability in systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Rizhao Port Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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da Silva MC, Fabiano LC, da Costa Salomão KC, de Freitas PLZ, Neves CQ, Borges SC, de Souza Carvalho MDG, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, de Thomaz AA, Dos Santos AM, Buttow NC. A Rodent Model of Human-Dose-Equivalent 5-Fluorouracil: Toxicity in the Liver, Kidneys, and Lungs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051005. [PMID: 37237871 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy drug widely used to treat a range of cancer types, despite the recurrence of adverse reactions. Therefore, information on its side effects when administered at a clinically recommended dose is relevant. On this basis, we examined the effects of the 5-FU clinical treatment on the integrity of the liver, kidneys, and lungs of rats. For this purpose, 14 male Wistar rats were divided into treated and control groups and 5-FU was administered at 15 mg/kg (4 consecutive days), 6 mg/kg (4 alternate days), and 15 mg/kg on the 14th day. On the 15th day, blood, liver, kidney, and lung samples were collected for histological, oxidative stress, and inflammatory evaluations. We observed a reduction in the antioxidant markers and an increase in lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) in the liver of treated animals. We also detected elevated levels of inflammatory markers, histological lesions, apoptotic cells, and aspartate aminotransferase. Clinical treatment with 5-FU did not promote inflammatory or oxidative alterations in the kidney samples; however, histological and biochemical changes were observed, including increased serum urea and uric acid. 5-FU reduces endogenous antioxidant defenses and increases LOOH levels in the lungs, suggesting oxidative stress. Inflammation and histopathological alterations were also detected. The clinical protocol of 5-FU promotes toxicity in the liver, kidneys, and lungs of healthy rats, resulting in different levels of histological and biochemical alterations. These results will be useful in the search for new adjuvants to attenuate the adverse effects of 5-FU in such organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Conceição da Silva
- Biological Physics and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Catarim Fabiano
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Quaglio Neves
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Maria das Graças de Souza Carvalho
- Biological Physics and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brasil
| | - André Alexandre de Thomaz
- Quantum Electronic Department, Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Mara Dos Santos
- Biological Physics and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilza Cristina Buttow
- Department of Morphological Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
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Risk of chemotherapy-associated liver injury (CALI) in PNPLA3 p.148M allele carriers: Preliminary results of a transient elastography-based study. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:102-106. [PMID: 31669075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver steatosis is one of the side effects of chemotherapy. The PNPLA3 p.I148M, TM6SF2 p.E167K and MBOAT7 p.G17E variants represent genetic determinants for progressive liver diseases. Here, we investigate their association with chemotherapy-associated steatosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively, we recruited 87 patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. Hepatic fat (controlled attenuation parameter, CAP) and liver stiffness (LSM) were measured non-invasively before the initiation of chemotherapy (T0) and after at least two (T1) and four cycles (T2). Genetic variants were genotyped using allelic discrimination assays. RESULTS In the final dataset (n = 60) patients demonstrated the following CAP values: T0 - 215.0 ± 55.7 dB/m, T1 - 223.3 ± 53.6 dB/m, T2 - 223.4 ± 56.7 dB/m, consistent with mild steatosis. Initial CAP correlated with BMI (P < 0.01) and serum triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.03). Whereas at T0 none of the variants was associated with CAP or LSM, carriers of the prosteatotic PNPLA3 p.148M allele showed significantly (P = 0.008) higher steatosis at T1 as compared to patients carrying the homozygous wild-type genotype [II]. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show that patients carrying the PNPLA3 p.I148 M risk allele might be prone to hepatic fat accumulation during chemotherapy. Further studies are be needed to validate the clinical value of these findings.
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Cetin B, Yılmaz GE, Armagan B, Afsar B, Demirci U, Gulbahar O, Gumusay O, Bilgetekin I, Ozet A, Uner A. Pazopanib-Induced Hepatotoxicity in an Experimental Rat Model. Chemotherapy 2018; 63:39-45. [PMID: 29393107 DOI: 10.1159/000481795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pazopanib is an effective treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Besides classical adverse events of this drug class, hepatotoxicity has been described as a frequent side effect. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pazopanib on the liver in an experimental rat model. Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: experimental toxicity was induced with pazopanib (10 mg/kg) administered for 28 days (group 2) or 56 days (group 3) orally by gavage. Group 1 (control group) received only distilled water. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were sacrificed after the collection of blood and tissue samples on the 28th and 56th days, respectively. We found significant differences in bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein, and iron values (p < 0.050 for all) but none in any other parameter (p > 0.050). All rats in the control group had normal histological features; however, none of the rats in groups 2 and 3 showed normal histology. In group 2, we observed mild sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, enlarged Kupffer cells, accumulation of yellow-brown-black pigment in the Kupffer cells and the accumulation of hemosiderin with Prussian blue reaction in the hepatocytes. In group 3, the findings mentioned above were more prominent, and besides these findings focal acinar transformation and macrovesicular steatosis were also observed. In group 3, mild inflammation within the portal areas was observed consisting of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. This study is the first that reports the biochemical and histopathological evaluation of pazopanib-related hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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Sommer J, Mahli A, Freese K, Schiergens TS, Kuecuekoktay FS, Teufel A, Thasler WE, Müller M, Bosserhoff AK, Hellerbrand C. Analysis of molecular mechanisms of 5-fluorouracil-induced steatosis and inflammation in vitro and in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13059-13072. [PMID: 28055957 PMCID: PMC5355077 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis is attracting increasing attention because it heralds an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery because of liver metastases. The aim of this study was to develop in vitro and in vivo models to analyze the pathogenesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced steatohepatitis. Therefore, primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells were incubated with 5-FU at non-toxic concentrations up to 24 h. Furthermore, hepatic tissue of C57BL/6N mice was analyzed 24 h after application of a single 5-FU dose (200 mg/kg body weight). In vitro, incubation with 5-FU induced a significant increase of hepatocellular triglyceride levels. This was paralleled by an impairment of mitochondrial function and a dose- and time-dependently increased expression of fatty acid acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), which catalyzes the initial step for peroxisomal β-oxidation. The latter is known to generate reactive oxygen species, and consequently, expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) was significantly upregulated in 5-FU-treated cells, indicative for oxidative stress. Furthermore, 5-FU significantly induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-8 and ICAM-1. Also in vivo, 5-FU significantly induced hepatic ACOX1 and HMOX1 expression as well as JNK-activation, pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration. In summary, we identified molecular mechanisms by which 5-FU induces hepatocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation. Our newly developed models can be used to gain further insight into the pathogenesis of 5-FU-induced steatohepatitis and to develop therapeutic strategies to inhibit its development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sommer
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdo Mahli
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kim Freese
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias S Schiergens
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, CCC Erlangen-EMN; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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Hypodense liver lesions in patients with hepatic steatosis: do we profit from dual-energy computed tomography? Eur Radiol 2015; 25:3567-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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