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Knutson AK, Williams AL, Boisvert WA, Shohet RV. HIF in the heart: development, metabolism, ischemia, and atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137557. [PMID: 34623330 DOI: 10.1172/jci137557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart forms early in development and delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the embryo. After birth, the heart requires kilograms of ATP each day to support contractility for the circulation. Cardiac metabolism is omnivorous, utilizing multiple substrates and metabolic pathways to produce this energy. Cardiac development, metabolic tuning, and the response to ischemia are all regulated in part by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), central components of essential signaling pathways that respond to hypoxia. Here we review the actions of HIF1, HIF2, and HIF3 in the heart, from their roles in development and metabolism to their activity in regeneration and preconditioning strategies. We also discuss recent work on the role of HIFs in atherosclerosis, the precipitating cause of myocardial ischemia and the leading cause of death in the developed world.
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating sympathetic innervation of the heart during embryogenesis and its importance for cardiac development and function remain to be fully elucidated. We generated mice in which conditional knockout (CKO) of the Hif1a gene encoding the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is mediated by an Islet1-Cre transgene expressed in the cardiac outflow tract, right ventricle and atrium, pharyngeal mesoderm, peripheral neurons, and hindlimbs. These Hif1aCKO mice demonstrate significantly decreased perinatal survival and impaired left ventricular function. The absence of HIF-1α impaired the survival and proliferation of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system, respectively. These defects resulted in hypoplasia of the sympathetic ganglion chain and decreased sympathetic innervation of the Hif1aCKO heart, which was associated with decreased cardiac contractility. The number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla was also decreased, indicating a broad dependence on HIF-1α for development of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Townley-Tilson WHD, Pi X, Xie L. The Role of Oxygen Sensors, Hydroxylases, and HIF in Cardiac Function and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:676893. [PMID: 26491535 PMCID: PMC4600863 DOI: 10.1155/2015/676893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxygen-sensing proteins are critical components of the physiological response to hypoxia and reperfusion injury, but the role of oxygen and oxygen-mediated effects is complex in that they can be cardioprotective or deleterious to the cardiac tissue. Over 200 oxygen-sensing proteins mediate the effects of oxygen tension and use oxygen as a substrate for posttranslational modification of other proteins. Hydroxylases are an essential component of these oxygen-sensing proteins. While a major role of hydroxylases is regulating the transcription factor HIF, we investigate the increasing scope of hydroxylase substrates. This review discusses the importance of oxygen-mediated effects in the heart as well as how the field of oxygen-sensing proteins is expanding, providing a more complete picture into how these enzymes play a multifaceted role in cardiac function and disease. We also review how oxygen-sensing proteins and hydroxylase function could prove to be invaluable in drug design and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Davin Townley-Tilson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Duran J, Olavarría PS, Mola M, Götzens V, Carballo J, Pelegrina EM, Petit M, Abdul-Jawad O, Otaegui I, del Blanco BG, García-Dorado D, Reig J, Cordero A, de Anta JM. Genetic association study of coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease using 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms corresponding to 10 genes involved in postischemic neovascularization. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:37. [PMID: 25959001 PMCID: PMC4493944 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collateral growth in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly heterogeneous. Although multiple factors are thought to play a role in collateral development, the contribution of genetic factors to coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to assess whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in vascular growth are associated with CCC. METHODS 677 consecutive CAD patients were enrolled in the study and their CCC was assessed by the Rentrop method. 22 SNPs corresponding to 10 genes involved in postischemic neovascularization were genotyped and multivariate logistic regression models were adjusted using clinically relevant variables to estimate odds ratios and used to examine associations of allelic variants, genotypes and haplotypes with CCC. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the HIF1A rs11549465 and rs2057482; VEGFA rs2010963, rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025039 and rs833061; KDR rs1870377, rs2305948 and rs2071559; CCL2 rs1024611, rs1024610, rs2857657 and rs2857654; NOS3 rs1799983; ICAM1 rs5498 and rs3093030; TGFB1 rs1800469; CD53 rs6679497; POSTN rs3829365 and rs1028728; and LGALS2 rs7291467 polymorphisms, as well as their haplotype combinations, were not associated with CCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We could not validate in our cohort the association of the NOS3 rs1799983, HIF1A rs11549465, VEGFA rs2010963 and rs699947, and LGALS2 rs7291467 variants with CCC reported by other authors. A validated SNP-based genome-wide association study is required to identify polymorphisms influencing CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Duran
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain.
| | - Pilar Sánchez Olavarría
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain. .,Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Marina Mola
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain. .,Neurovascular Research Group (NEUVAS), Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica. Hospital del Mar, PRBB, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Götzens
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain.
| | - Julio Carballo
- Department of Cardiology and Hemodynamics, Centre Cardiovascular Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Martín Pelegrina
- Department of Cardiology and Hemodynamics, Centre Cardiovascular Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Màrius Petit
- Department of Cardiology and Hemodynamics, Centre Cardiovascular Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Omar Abdul-Jawad
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Imanol Otaegui
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - David García-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Reig
- Departament of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alex Cordero
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain. .,Àrea Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Area, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Maria de Anta
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humanes, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Ciències de la Salut de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain.
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Hashimoto T, Shibasaki F. Hypoxia-inducible factor as an angiogenic master switch. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:33. [PMID: 25964891 PMCID: PMC4408850 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the transcription of genes that mediate the response to hypoxia. HIFs are constantly expressed and degraded under normoxia, but stabilized under hypoxia. HIFs have been widely studied in physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. In clinical settings, the HIF pathway has been studied for its role in inhibiting carcinogenesis. HIFs might also play a protective role in the pathology of ischemic diseases. Clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis after the administration of a single growth factor have yielded unsatisfactory or controversial results, possibly because the coordinated activity of different HIF-induced factors is necessary to induce mature vessel formation. Thus, manipulation of HIF activity to simultaneously induce a spectrum of angiogenic factors offers a superior strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis. Because HIF-2α plays an essential role in vascular remodeling, manipulation of HIF-2α is a promising approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases caused by arterial obstruction, where insufficient development of collateral vessels impedes effective therapy. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit e (eIF3e)/INT6 interacts specifically with HIF-2α and induces the proteasome inhibitor-sensitive degradation of HIF-2α, independent of hypoxia and von Hippel-Lindau protein. Treatment with eIF3e/INT6 siRNA stabilizes HIF-2α activity even under normoxic conditions and induces the expression of several angiogenic factors, at levels sufficient to produce functional arteries and veins in vivo. We have demonstrated that administration of eIF3e/INT6 siRNA to ischemic limbs or cold-injured brains reduces ischemic damage in animal models. This review summarizes the current understanding of the relationship between HIFs and vascular diseases. We also discuss novel oxygen-independent regulatory proteins that bind HIF-α and the implications of a new method for therapeutic angiogenesis using HIF stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA ; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Futoshi Shibasaki
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
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Abstract
Cardiac function is required for blood circulation and systemic oxygen delivery. However, the heart has intrinsic oxygen demands that must be met to maintain effective contractility. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoan species. HIF-1 controls oxygen delivery, by regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and oxygen utilization, by regulating glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis. Analysis of animal models suggests that by activation of these homeostatic mechanisms, HIF-1 plays a critical protective role in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and pressure-overload heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry; and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
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Semenza GL. Oxygen sensing, hypoxia-inducible factors, and disease pathophysiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2013; 9:47-71. [PMID: 23937437 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional activators that function as master regulators of oxygen homeostasis, which is disrupted in disorders affecting the circulatory system and in cancer. The role of HIFs in these diseases has been elucidated by clinical studies and by analyses of mouse models. HIFs play a protective role in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease, limb ischemia due to peripheral arterial disease, pressure-overload heart failure, wound healing, and chronic rejection of organ transplants. In contrast, HIFs contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, systemic hypertension associated with sleep apnea, ocular neovascularization, hereditary erythrocytosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry; and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
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