1
|
Wall SM, Verlander JW, Romero CA. The Renal Physiology of Pendrin-Positive Intercalated Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1119-1147. [PMID: 32347156 PMCID: PMC7474261 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalated cells (ICs) are found in the connecting tubule and the collecting duct. Of the three IC subtypes identified, type B intercalated cells are one of the best characterized and known to mediate Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion, largely through the anion exchanger pendrin. This exchanger is thought to act in tandem with the Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, NDCBE, to mediate net NaCl absorption. Pendrin is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone administration via the angiotensin type 1a and the mineralocorticoid receptors, respectively. It is also stimulated in models of metabolic alkalosis, such as with NaHCO3 administration. In some rodent models, pendrin-mediated HCO3- secretion modulates acid-base balance. However, of probably more physiological or clinical significance is the role of these pendrin-positive ICs in blood pressure regulation, which occurs, at least in part, through pendrin-mediated renal Cl- absorption, as well as their effect on the epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC. Aldosterone stimulates ENaC directly through principal cell mineralocorticoid hormone receptor (ligand) binding and also indirectly through its effect on pendrin expression and function. In so doing, pendrin contributes to the aldosterone pressor response. Pendrin may also modulate blood pressure in part through its action in the adrenal medulla, where it modulates the release of catecholamines, or through an indirect effect on vascular contractile force. In addition to its role in Na+ and Cl- balance, pendrin affects the balance of other ions, such as K+ and I-. This review describes how aldosterone and angiotensin II-induced signaling regulate pendrin and the contribution of pendrin-positive ICs in the kidney to distal nephron function and blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wall
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Cesar A Romero
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verschuren EHJ, Castenmiller C, Peters DJM, Arjona FJ, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Sensing of tubular flow and renal electrolyte transport. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:337-351. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
3
|
Recent insights into sodium and potassium handling by the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: implications on pathophysiology and drug discovery. J Nephrol 2020; 33:447-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
4
|
Fan J, Tatum R, Hoggard J, Chen YH. Claudin-7 Modulates Cl - and Na + Homeostasis and WNK4 Expression in Renal Collecting Duct Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153798. [PMID: 31382627 PMCID: PMC6696617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-7 knockout (CLDN7-/-) mice display renal salt wasting and dehydration phenotypes. To address the role of CLDN7 in kidneys, we established collecting duct (CD) cell lines from CLDN7+/+ and CLDN7-/- mouse kidneys. We found that deletion of CLDN7 increased the transepithelial resistance (TER) and decreased the paracellular permeability for Cl- and Na+ in CLDN7-/- CD cells. Inhibition of transcellular Cl- and Na+ channels has no significant effect on TER or dilution potentials. Current-voltage curves were linear in both CLDN7+/+ and CLDN7-/- CD cells, indicating that the ion flux was through the paracellular pathway. The impairment of Cl- and Na+ permeability phenotype can be rescued by CLDN7 re-expression. We also found that WNK4 (its mutations lead to hypertension) expression, but not WNK1, was significantly increased in CLDN7-/- CD cell lines as well as in primary CLDN7-/- CD cells, suggesting that the expression of WNK4 was modulated by CLDN7. In addition, deletion of CLDN7 upregulated the expression level of the apical epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), indicating a potential cross-talk between paracellular and transcellular transport systems. This study demonstrates that CLDN7 plays an important role in salt balance in renal CD cells and modulating WNK4 and ENaC expression levels that are vital in controlling salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rodney Tatum
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - John Hoggard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Hu J, Xiang D, Ji B, Xu S, Shi L, Zhao S. KLHL3 single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15766. [PMID: 31096542 PMCID: PMC6531237 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, including secondary and essential hypertension (EH) variants, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension results from mutations in the putative gene KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3); however, it has not been reported whether the KLHL3 gene polymorphisms are associated with EH. Here, we investigated the association between KLHL3 (rs2301708 and rs7444370) polymorphisms and EH in the Chinese Han population.This case-control study included 522 subjects-260 patients with EH and 262 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and levels of Na, K, and Cl. The distribution of functional rs2301708 and rs7444370 polymorphisms within the KLHL3 gene was assessed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).There was no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies of KLHL3 rs2301708 between the EH and normotensive groups; however, the rs7444370 T allele and CT genotype in females was significantly associated with a protective effect against EH (P = .001, P = .002; P = .019, P = .052), and the haplotype CT of rs2301708 and rs7444370 among females in the EH group was less than in the normotensive group (P = .000; P = .007).The KLHL3 rs7444370 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of females' EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou United Family Hospital
| | | | | | - Bo Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cruz GI, Shao X, Quach H, Quach D, Ho KA, Sterba K, Noble JA, Patsopoulos NA, Busch MP, Triulzi DJ, Ladas N, Blasczyk R, Wong WSW, Solomon BD, Niederhuber JE, Criswell LA, Barcellos LF. Mother-child histocompatibility and risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus among mothers. Genes Immun 2019; 21:27-36. [PMID: 30635658 PMCID: PMC7039805 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to test the hypothesis that having histocompatible children increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), possibly by contributing to the persistence of fetal cells acquired during pregnancy. We conducted a case control study using data from the UC San Francisco Mother Child Immunogenetic Study and studies at the Inova Translational Medicine Institute. We imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags). We created a variable of exposure to histocompatible children. We estimated an average sequence similarity matching (SSM) score for each mother based on discordant mother-child alleles as a measure of histocompatibility. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 138 RA, 117 SLE, and 913 control mothers were analyzed. Increased risk of RA was associated with having any child compatible at HLA-B (OR 1.9; 1.2-3.1), DPB1 (OR 1.8; 1.2-2.6) or DQB1 (OR 1.8; 1.2-2.7). Compatibility at mHag ZAPHIR was associated with reduced risk of SLE among mothers carrying the HLA-restriction allele B*07:02 (n = 262; OR 0.4; 0.2-0.8). Our findings support the hypothesis that mother-child histocompatibility is associated with risk of RA and SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna I Cruz
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 324 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 324 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Hong Quach
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 324 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Diana Quach
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 324 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Kimberly A Ho
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kirsten Sterba
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Janelle A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 M.L.K. Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417, USA
| | - Darrell J Triulzi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, 3636 Blvd. of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nektarios Ladas
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 324 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA. .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkeley, 174 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between Cullin-3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs17479770 and Essential Hypertension in the Male Chinese Han Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:3062759. [PMID: 28804198 PMCID: PMC5540270 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3062759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension, including essential and secondary hypertension, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension can result from mutations of cullin-3 (CUL3); however, whether polymorphisms of CUL3 are associated with essential hypertension (EH) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the association between CUL3 SNPs rs17479770 and rs3738952 and EH in the Chinese Han population. Methods This case-control study investigated 520 representatives, including 259 patients with EH and 261 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, BMI, TG, TC, and HbA1c for the distribution of functional rs17479770 and rs3738952 within the CUL3 gene by using PCR and RFLP. Results Our results showed that there was no significant difference in allele and genotype distribution of rs3738952 and haplotype distribution of rs17479770 and rs3738952 between the EH group and normotensive group, whereas the rs17479770 TT genotype in male and the full data set were significantly associated with the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.050, P = 0.042), and rs17479770 allele T in male was shown to have the correlation tendency of the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.064). Conclusion Our data suggest that the CUL3 rs17479770 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of EH.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakagawa H, Mizuno Y, Harada E, Morikawa Y, Kuwahara K, Saito Y, Yasue H. Brain Natriuretic Peptide Counteracting the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System in Accelerated Malignant Hypertension. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:534-539. [PMID: 27865304 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe 2 patients, a 52-year-old woman and a 57-year-old man, with rapidly progressive hypertension and marked elevation of brain natriuretic peptide who exhibited polyuria, natriuresis, hypokalemia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and left ventricular dysfunction together with retinopathy and nephropathy, which were attenuated in a short time span of 1-2 months with normalization of blood pressure after the antihypertensive treatment. The possible role of brain natriuretic peptide in the pathophysiology of accelerated malignant hypertension was discussed and a review of the literature was completed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Morikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yasue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toda-Ishii M, Akaike K, Suehara Y, Mukaihara K, Kubota D, Kohsaka S, Okubo T, Mitani K, Mogushi K, Takagi T, Kaneko K, Yao T, Saito T. Clinicopathological effects of protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1424-1432. [PMID: 27469332 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have reported that dysfunctions in protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) caused by alterations in protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit A, alpha (PPP2R1A) are responsible for tumorigenesis and tumor progression in several types of cancers. The impact of PPP2R1A mutations remains unknown in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), although mutations in KIT and PDGFRA, which result in constitutive activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, are important in GIST tumorigenesis. In this study, we performed mutation analysis of PPP2R1A to examine the frequency of PPP2R1A mutations and their clinicopathological correlation in 94 GIST cases. In addition, we performed an in vitro analysis to investigate the effects of PPP2R1A mutations on cell proliferation and kinase phosphorylation in GIST cells. Seventeen GIST cases (18%) harbored mutations in PPP2R1A. All but one of these 17 cases harbored a KIT, PDGFRA, HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS mutation as the oncogenic driver mutation, and the remaining case was immunohistochemically negative for succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB). Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size, higher mitotic rate, and PPP2R1A mutation are independent prognostic factors for overall survival; however, PPP2R1A mutation was not an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. The transduction of GIST cells with mutant PPP2R1A induced an accelerated growth rate via increased phosphorylation of Akt1/2, ERK1/2, and WNK1, a kinase associated with angiogenesis. In addition, the transduction of GIST cells with mutant PPP2R1A caused increased c-kit phosphorylation, suggesting that c-kit is also a target of PP2A, reinforcing the tumorigenic capabilities of c-kit. Furthermore, the transducing GIST cells with wild-type PP2A dephosphorylated mutant c-kit. This study provides a new insight into the biology of GISTs and their phosphatase activity, and activated PP2A could be a therapeutic target in GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midori Toda-Ishii
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Akaike
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Mukaihara
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Department of Medical Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Okubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitani
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Small-molecule WNK inhibition regulates cardiovascular and renal function. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:896-898. [PMID: 27595330 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The With-No-Lysine (K) (WNK) kinases play a critical role in blood pressure regulation and body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, we introduce the first orally bioavailable pan-WNK-kinase inhibitor, WNK463, that exploits unique structural features of the WNK kinases for both affinity and kinase selectivity. In rodent models of hypertension, WNK463 affects blood pressure and body fluid and electro-lyte homeostasis, consistent with WNK-kinase-associated physiology and pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Boscardin E, Alijevic O, Hummler E, Frateschi S, Kellenberger S. The function and regulation of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC): IUPHAR Review 19. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2671-701. [PMID: 27278329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) are both members of the ENaC/degenerin family of amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channels. ASICs act as proton sensors in the nervous system where they contribute, besides other roles, to fear behaviour, learning and pain sensation. ENaC mediates Na(+) reabsorption across epithelia of the distal kidney and colon and of the airways. ENaC is a clinically used drug target in the context of hypertension and cystic fibrosis, while ASIC is an interesting potential target. Following a brief introduction, here we will review selected aspects of ASIC and ENaC function. We discuss the origin and nature of pH changes in the brain and the involvement of ASICs in synaptic signalling. We expose how in the peripheral nervous system, ASICs cover together with other ion channels a wide pH range as proton sensors. We introduce the mechanisms of aldosterone-dependent ENaC regulation and the evidence for an aldosterone-independent control of ENaC activity, such as regulation by dietary K(+) . We then provide an overview of the regulation of ENaC by proteases, a topic of increasing interest over the past few years. In spite of the profound differences in the physiological and pathological roles of ASICs and ENaC, these channels share many basic functional and structural properties. It is likely that further research will identify physiological contexts in which ASICs and ENaC have similar or overlapping roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boscardin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Omar Alijevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Testani JM, Hanberg JS, Arroyo JP, Brisco MA, ter Maaten JM, Wilson FP, Bellumkonda L, Jacoby D, Tang WW, Parikh CR. Hypochloraemia is strongly and independently associated with mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:660-8. [PMID: 26763893 PMCID: PMC5471359 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hyponatraemia is strongly associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure. However, accumulating evidence suggests that chloride may play an important role in renal salt sensing and regulation of neurohormonal and sodium-conserving pathways. Our objective was to determine the prognostic importance of hypochloraemia in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients in the BEST trial with baseline serum chloride values were evaluated (n = 2699). Hypochloraemia was defined as a serum chloride ≤96 mmol/L and hyponatraemia as serum sodium ≤135 mmol/L. Hypochloraemia was present in 13.0% and hyponatraemia in 13.7% of the population. Chloride and sodium were only modestly correlated (r = 0.53), resulting in only 48.7% of hypochloraemic patients having concurrent hyponatraemia. Both hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia identified a population with greater disease severity; however, renal function tended to be worse and loop diuretic doses higher with hypochloraemia. In univariate analysis, lower serum sodium or serum chloride as continuous parameters were each strongly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). However, when both parameters were included in the same model, serum chloride remained strongly associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3 per standard deviation decrease, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.42, P < 0.001], whereas sodium was not (HR 0.97 per standard deviation decrease, 95% CI 0.89-1.06, P = 0.52). CONCLUSION Serum chloride is strongly and independently associated with worsened survival in patients with chronic heart failure and accounted for the majority of the risk otherwise attributable to hyponatraemia. Given the critical role of chloride in a number of regulatory pathways central to heart failure pathophysiology, additional research is warranted in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Testani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Hanberg
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meredith A. Brisco
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jozine M. ter Maaten
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Perry Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lavanya Bellumkonda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Jacoby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W.H. Wilson Tang
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang BL. (WNK)ing at death: With-no-lysine (Wnk) kinases in neuropathies and neuronal survival. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:92-8. [PMID: 27131446 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of With-no-lysine (WNK) family of serine-threonine kinase are key regulators of chloride ion transport in diverse cell types, controlling the activity and the surface expression of cation-chloride (Na(+)/K(+)-Cl(-)) co-transporters. Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4 are linked to a hereditary form of hypertension, and WNKs have been extensively investigated pertaining to their roles in renal epithelial ion homeostasis. However, some members of the WNK family and their splice isoforms are also expressed in the mammalian brain, and have been implicated in aspects of hereditary neuropathy as well as neuronal and glial survival. WNK2, which is exclusively enriched in neurons, is well known as an anti-proliferative tumor suppressor. WNK3, on the other hand, appears to promote cell survival as its inhibition enhances neuronal apoptosis. However, loss of WNK3 has been recently shown to reduce ischemia-associated brain damage. In this review, I surveyed the potentially context-dependent roles of WNKs in neurological disorders and neuronal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Renal acid-base regulation: new insights from animal models. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1623-41. [PMID: 25515081 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because majority of biological processes are dependent on pH, maintaining systemic acid-base balance is critical. The kidney contributes to systemic acid-base regulation, by reabsorbing HCO3 (-) (both filtered by glomeruli and generated within a nephron) and acidifying urine. Abnormalities in those processes will eventually lead to a disruption in systemic acid-base balance and provoke metabolic acid-base disorders. Research over the past 30 years advanced our understanding on cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for those processes. In particular, a variety of transgenic animal models, where target genes are deleted either globally or conditionally, provided significant insights into how specific transporters are contributing to the renal acid-base regulation. Here, we broadly overview the mechanisms of renal ion transport participating to acid-base regulation, with emphasis on data obtained from transgenic mice models.
Collapse
|
15
|
Structural and biochemical characterization of the KLHL3-WNK kinase interaction important in blood pressure regulation. Biochem J 2014; 460:237-46. [PMID: 24641320 PMCID: PMC4019986 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] and WNK4 regulate blood pressure by controlling the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Groundbreaking work has revealed that the ubiquitylation and hence levels of WNK isoforms are controlled by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3KLHL3) that utilizes CUL3 (Cullin3) and its substrate adaptor, KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3). Loss-of-function mutations in either CUL3 or KLHL3 cause the hereditary high blood pressure disease Gordon's syndrome by stabilizing WNK isoforms. KLHL3 binds to a highly conserved degron motif located within the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of WNK isoforms. This interaction is essential for ubiquitylation by CRL3KLHL3 and disease-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 exert their effects on blood pressure by disrupting this interaction. In the present study, we report on the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with the WNK4 degron motif. This reveals an intricate web of interactions between conserved residues on the surface of the Kelch domain β-propeller and the WNK4 degron motif. Importantly, many of the disease-causing mutations inhibit binding by disrupting critical interface contacts. We also present the structure of the WNK4 degron motif in complex with KLHL2 that has also been reported to bind WNK4. This confirms that KLHL2 interacts with WNK kinases in a similar manner to KLHL3, but strikingly different to how another KLHL protein, KEAP1 (Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1), binds to its substrate NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). The present study provides further insights into how Kelch-like adaptor proteins recognize their substrates and provides a structural basis for how mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 lead to hypertension. WNK kinases regulate mammalian blood pressure. The level of WNK protein in a cell is regulated by the KLHL3–CUL3 ubiquitin ligase. We define the interaction between KLHL3 and WNK, identifying the WNK degron, and present the crystal structure of the KLHL3–WNK degron complex.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zatz R, Fujihara CK. Discarding the haystack to examine the needles: the potential role of urinary exosome analysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1544-5. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00504.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Cooke A, Park S, Dewey CN, Wickens M, Sheets MD. Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:1575-82. [PMID: 24062572 PMCID: PMC3851724 DOI: 10.1261/rna.041665.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Xenopus Cripto-1 protein is confined to the cells of the animal hemisphere during early embryogenesis where it regulates the formation of anterior structures. Cripto-1 protein accumulates only in animal cells because cripto-1 mRNA in cells of the vegetal hemisphere is translationally repressed. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein, Bicaudal-C (Bic-C), functioned directly in this vegetal cell-specific repression. While Bic-C protein is normally confined to vegetal cells, ectopic expression of Bic-C in animal cells repressed a cripto-1 mRNA reporter and associated with endogenous cripto-1 mRNA. Repression by Bic-C required its N-terminal domain, comprised of multiple KH motifs, for specific binding to relevant control elements within the cripto-1 mRNA and a functionally separable C-terminal translation repression domain. Bic-C-mediated repression required the 5' CAP and translation initiation factors, but not a poly(A) tail or the conserved SAM domain within Bic-C. Bic-C-directed immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing of associated mRNAs identified multiple Bic-C-regulated mRNA targets, including cripto-1 mRNA, providing new insights and tools for understanding the role of Bic-C in vertebrate development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Amy Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sookhee Park
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Colin N. Dewey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Michael D. Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Corresponding authorE-mail
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the principal effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It initiates myriad processes in multiple organs integrated to increase circulating volume and elevate systemic blood pressure. In the kidney, Ang II stimulates renal tubular water and salt reabsorption causing antinatriuresis and antidiuresis. Activation of the RAAS is known to enhance activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. In addition to its well described stimulatory actions on aldosterone secretion, Ang II is also capable of directly increasing ENaC activity. In this brief review, we discuss recent findings about non-classical Ang II actions on ENaC and speculate about its relevance for renal sodium handling.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gagnon KB, Delpire E. Molecular physiology of SPAK and OSR1: two Ste20-related protein kinases regulating ion transport. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1577-617. [PMID: 23073627 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SPAK (Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress responsive kinase) are members of the germinal center kinase VI subfamily of the mammalian Ste20 (Sterile20)-related protein kinase family. Although there are 30 enzymes in this protein kinase family, their conservation across the fungi, plant, and animal kingdom confirms their evolutionary importance. Already, a large volume of work has accumulated on the tissue distribution, binding partners, signaling cascades, and physiological roles of mammalian SPAK and OSR1 in multiple organ systems. After reviewing this basic information, we will examine newer studies that demonstrate the pathophysiological consequences to SPAK and/or OSR1 disruption, discuss the development and analysis of genetically engineered mouse models, and address the possible role these serine/threonine kinases might have in cancer proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Gagnon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2520, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|