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Kaviyarasu K. Investigation of structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties of ZnO doped GO nanoparticles for environment applications. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 39192686 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
As a result of their unique and novel properties, nanocomposites have found applications in a wide variety of fields. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the ability to synthesize nanoparticles consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) via sol-gel techniques. An x-ray diffractometer (XRD) as well as a UV-visible spectrometer were used to determine the crystalline and optical characteristics of the prepared samples. A hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure was observed in both pure ZnO nanoparticles and those that contain GO based on XRD results. It was estimated that the average crystallite size is based on the broadening of x-ray lines. In comparison with pure ZnO, the antimicrobial properties were enhanced when GO was incorporated with ZnO. In addition, experiments on the absorption edge indicated the presence of a red shift as a result of the incorporation of GO. When GO is incorporated in quantitative amounts, the bandgap value of pure ZnO decreased. FTIR spectra exhibit a band of absorption at 486 cm-1, which confirms Zn-O stretching in both samples. SEM images reveal a random pattern of structural features on the surface of the prepared samples. According to the EDX spectrum, pure GO nanoparticles and those doped with ZnO contain 61%-64% zinc and 32%-34% oxygen, respectively. When annealed at a higher temperature, ZnO NPs produced more H2 with a narrower bandgap than before annealing. In addition, methyl blue (MB) was used as an example of an organic compound in order to investigate the potential photocatalytic properties of nanoparticles with ZnO doped GO. In addition to DPPH assays, ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO doped GO nanoparticles were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals. Comparing ZnO doped GO NPs with pure ZnO, these nanoparticles showed increased antioxidant activity. Based on the increased zone of inhibition observed for pure ZnO and ZnO doped GO (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL), the antibacterial activity of pure ZnO and ZnO doped GO is concentration dependent. A detailed discussion of the results of the study demonstrated that ZnO doped GO and pure ZnO are toxic in different ways depending on how long they survive in degreased Zebrafish embryos and how fast they decompose. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The scope of the manuscript was under the results of the study confirmed that both nanoparticles exhibited concentration dependent antioxidative activity. Determined that 89% of methyl orange dye can be degraded photocatalytically. ZnO nanoparticles were found to be 74.86% antioxidant at a concentration of 50 g/mL in the present study. At a concentration of 50 g/mL, ZnO doped GO NPs showed 79.1% antioxidant activity. Photocatalytic degradation mechanism scheme is implicit in the photoexcited charge carrier transportation path is observed for all the samples. Survival rate of zebrafish embryos was shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of ZnO and zinc oxide plus GO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Correia M, Lopes J, Lopes D, Melero A, Makvandi P, Veiga F, Coelho JFJ, Fonseca AC, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanotechnology-based techniques for hair follicle regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122348. [PMID: 37866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a multicellular complex structure of the skin that contains a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Traditional hair repair methods such as drug therapies, hair transplantation, and stem cell therapy have limitations. Advances in nanotechnology offer new approaches for HF regeneration, including controlled drug release and HF-specific targeting. Until recently, embryogenesis was thought to be the only mechanism for forming hair follicles. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) or de novo HF regeneration has gained attention as it can occur under certain conditions in wound beds. This review covers HF-specific targeting strategies, with particular emphasis on currently used nanotechnology-based strategies for both hair loss-related diseases and HF regeneration. HF regeneration is discussed in several modalities: modulation of the hair cycle, stimulation of progenitor cells and signaling pathways, tissue engineering, WIHN, and gene therapy. The HF has been identified as an ideal target for nanotechnology-based strategies for hair regeneration. However, some regulatory challenges may delay the development of HF regeneration nanotechnology based-strategies, which will be lastly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Correia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia (Campus de Burjassot), Av. Vicente A. Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Darvin ME. Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2272. [PMID: 37765241 PMCID: PMC10538180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment-a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted.
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Costa C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. Mapping hair follicle-targeted delivery by particle systems: What has science accomplished so far? Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121273. [PMID: 34763036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the hair follicle in the process of cutaneous drug penetration has been established since this skin appendage was recognized as an entry point for topically applied substances. A comprehensive review on the hair follicle as a target per se is here provided, exploring the current knowledge on both targeted regions and delivery systems that take advantage of this permeation route. The follicular penetration is a complex process, whose effectiveness and efficiency strongly depends on a diversity of different factors including follicular density and size, activity status of hair follicles and physicochemical properties of the topically applied substances. Nanocarriers represent a heterogeneous assembly of molecules organized into particles and they have revolutionized drug delivery in several areas of medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. As they possess an inherent ability to use the follicular route, they are reviewed here having in perspective the hair follicle zones that they are able to reach as reported. In this way, a follicular road map for the different delivery systems was compiled to assist as a guiding tool for those that have interest in the development and/or application of such delivery systems for hair and skin treatment or care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Khabir Z, Holmes AM, Lai YJ, Liang L, Deva A, Polikarpov MA, Roberts MS, Zvyagin AV. Human Epidermal Zinc Concentrations after Topical Application of ZnO Nanoparticles in Sunscreens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12372. [PMID: 34830253 PMCID: PMC8618668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP)-based sunscreens are generally considered safe because the ZnO NPs do not penetrate through the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). However, cytotoxicity of zinc ions in the viable epidermis (VE) after dissolution from ZnO NP and penetration into the VE is ill-defined. We therefore quantified the relative concentrations of endogenous and exogenous Zn using a rare stable zinc-67 isotope (67Zn) ZnO NP sunscreen applied to excised human skin and the cytotoxicity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) using multiphoton microscopy, zinc-selective fluorescent sensing, and a laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) methodology. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation imaging showed that 67ZnO NPs were retained on the surface or within the superficial layers of the SC. Zn fluorescence sensing revealed higher levels of labile and intracellular zinc in both the SC and VE relative to untreated skin, confirming that dissolved zinc species permeated across the SC into the VE as ionic Zn and significantly not as ZnO NPs. Importantly, the LA-ICP-MS estimated exogenous 67Zn concentrations in the VE of 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL are much lower than that estimated for endogenous VE zinc of 4.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL. Furthermore, their combined total zinc concentrations in the VE are much lower than the exogenous zinc concentration of 21 to 31 μg/mL causing VE cytotoxicity, as defined by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of exogenous 67Zn found in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). This speaks strongly for the safety of ZnO NP sunscreens applied to intact human skin and the associated recent US FDA guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khabir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Amy M. Holmes
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Yi-Jen Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Liuen Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Anand Deva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Michael S. Roberts
- Clinical Health Sciences and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Earth and Planetary Sciences & Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia; (Z.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.L.); (A.D.)
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Beitollahi H, Tajik S, Garkani Nejad F, Safaei M. Recent advances in ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:5826-5844. [PMID: 32542277 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), are considered as excellent materials for the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors and biosensors due to their good properties, including a high specific surface area, high catalytic efficiency, strong adsorption ability, high isoelectric point (IEP, 9.5), wide band gap (3.2 eV), biocompatibility and high electron communication features. Thus, ZnO nanostructures are widely used to fabricate efficient electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of various analytes. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and the advances in various ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for medical diagnosis, pharmaceutical analysis, food safety, and environmental pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Determination of the pH Gradient in Hair Follicles of Human Volunteers Using pH-Sensitive Melamine Formaldehyde-Pyranine Nile Blue Microparticles. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185243. [PMID: 32937874 PMCID: PMC7570560 DOI: 10.3390/s20185243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be applied to the hair follicles, which can serve as reservoirs for triggered drug release. A valid measurement method for the determination of the pH within the hair follicle in vivo has not been shown yet. Here, melamine formaldehyde particles up to 9 µm in size were applied on 40 freshly plucked scalp hairs of eight individuals to determine the pH along the hair shaft down to the root area of the hair. For fluorescent pH indicators, pyranine and Nile blue were incorporated into the particles. Measurements were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy. A pH decay gradient could be found from the hair sheath towards the external hair shaft (p = 0.012) with pH values at the hair sheath of 6.63 ± 0.09, at the hair sheath end at 6.33 ± 0.11, and at the external hair shaft at 6.17 ± 0.09 (mean ± SE). The pH difference between the hair sheath end and the external hair shaft was found to be significant (p = 0.036). The results might be comparable with the pH within the hair follicle in vivo indicating a pH increase towards the hair root.
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Tancrède-Bohin E, Baldeweck T, Brizion S, Decencière E, Victorin S, Ngo B, Raynaud E, Souverain L, Bagot M, Pena AM. In vivo multiphoton imaging for non-invasive time course assessment of retinoids effects on human skin. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:794-803. [PMID: 32713074 PMCID: PMC7754381 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background In vivo multiphoton imaging and automatic 3D image processing tools provide quantitative information on human skin constituents. These multiphoton‐based tools allowed evidencing retinoids epidermal effects in the occlusive patch test protocol developed for antiaging products screening. This study aimed at investigating their relevance for non‐invasive, time course assessment of retinoids cutaneous effects under real‐life conditions for one year. Materials and Methods Thirty women, 55‐65 y, applied either retinol (RO 0.3%) or retinoic acid (RA 0.025%) on one forearm dorsal side versus a control product on the other forearm once a day for 1 year. In vivo multiphoton imaging was performed every three months, and biopsies were taken after 1 year. Epidermal thickness and dermal‐epidermal junction undulation were estimated in 3D with multiphoton and in 2D with histology, whereas global melanin density and its z‐epidermal distribution were estimated using 3D multiphoton image processing tools. Results Main results after one year were as follows: a) epidermal thickening with RO (+30%); b) slight increase in dermal‐epidermal junction undulation with RO; c) slight decrease in 3D melanin density with RA; d) limitation of the melanin ascent observed with seasonality and time within supra‐basal layers with both retinoids, using multiphoton 3D‐melanin z‐epidermal profile. Conclusions With a novel 3D descriptor of melanin z‐epidermal distribution, in vivo multiphoton imaging allows demonstrating that daily usage of retinoids counteracts aging by acting not only on epidermal morphology, but also on melanin that is shown to accumulate in the supra‐basal layers with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Tancrède-Bohin
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France.,Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Etienne Decencière
- Center for Mathematical Morphology, MINES ParisTech - PSL Research University, Fontainebleau, France
| | | | - Blandine Ngo
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Luc Souverain
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Martine Bagot
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Abstract
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) in life sciences based on ultrashort laser scanning microscopy and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) started 30 years ago in Jena/East-Germany. One decade later, first two-photon FLIM images of a human finger were taken with a lab microscope based on a tunable femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. In 2002/2003, first clinical non-invasive two-photon FLIM studies on patients with dermatological disorders were performed using a novel multiphoton tomograph. Current in vivo two-photon FLIM studies on human subjects are based on TCSPC and focus on (i) patients with skin inflammation and skin cancer as well as brain tumors, (ii) cosmetic research on volunteers to evaluate anti-ageing cremes, (iii) pharmaceutical research on volunteers to gain information on in situ pharmacokinetics, and (iv) space medicine to study non-invasively skin modifications on astronauts during long-term space flights. Two-photon FLIM studies on volunteers and patients are performed with multiphoton FLIM tomographs using near infrared femtosecond laser technology that provide rapid non-invasive and label-free intratissue autofluorescence biopsies with picosecond temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten König
- Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, Saarland University, Campus A5.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. JenLab GmbH, Johann-Hittorf-Strasse 8, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Microneedle-Facilitated Intradermal Proretinal Nanoparticle Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020368. [PMID: 32093242 PMCID: PMC7075281 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Topical retinoid treatments stimulate biological activities in the skin. The main physical barrier, which limits the efficacy of transdermal drug delivery, is the stratum corneum. Proretinal nanoparticles (PRN) have already been proven to efficiently deliver retinal into the epidermis. In the present study, two transdermal drug delivery systems, microneedles (MN) and PRN, were combined to directly target the dermis. The microchannels induced by the MN, the PRN localization in the microchannels and the skin closure kinetics were investigated by non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dermoscopy, optical coherence tomography and multiphoton tomography. Additionally, the amount of retinal in the epidermis and dermis after application in three different forms (PRN-Loaded microneedles, PRN suspension or conventional retinal solution) was compared. All imaging techniques confirmed the formation of microchannels in the skin, which were partly still detectable after 24 h. Multiphoton tomography showed the release of PRN from the MN within the microchannels. The recovered retinal concentration in the dermis was significantly higher when applied via PRN-loaded microneedles. We hypothesized that this platform of PRN-loaded microneedles can provide a rapid and efficient administration of retinal in the dermis and could be of benefit in some skin conditions such as atrophic scar or photo-aged skin.
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11
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Lademann J, Richter H, Patzelt A, Meinke MC, Gross I, Grether-Beck S, Krutmann J, Frazier L, Darvin ME. Laser scanning microscopy for control of skin decontamination efficacy from airborne particulates using highly absorbent textile nanofiber material in combination with PEG-12 dimethicone. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:558-563. [PMID: 31919922 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decontamination of the skin is indispensable if airborne particulate contaminants deposit on the skin surface. Skin washing can have adverse effects as by skin rubbing the particles can be transferred deeply into the hair follicles, where they can be entrapped for a period of more than 10 days. Thus, alternative skin decontamination strategies are necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS For imaging the contaminants in the skin, sodium fluorescein-labeled soot particles of submicron size (≈600 nm) were visualized using laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS In the present ex vivo pilot study on porcine ear skin, it was shown that sodium fluorescein-labeled soot particles of submicron size (≈600 nm) could be efficiently removed from the skin with highly absorbent textile nanofiber material, whose efficacy could be further increased by spraying the contaminated skin area with the viscous fluid PEG-12 dimethicone before textile application. CONCLUSION In case of skin contamination with particulates, the contact washing should be avoided due to rubbing particles deeply into the hair follicles, where they can accumulate for a long time and induce negative consequences. Efficient skin decontamination could include pretreatment of skin surface with the viscous fluid PEG-12 dimethicone and subsequent application of highly absorbent textile nanofiber material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Richter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Pena AM, Chen X, Pence IJ, Bornschlögl T, Jeong S, Grégoire S, Luengo GS, Hallegot P, Obeidy P, Feizpour A, Chan KF, Evans CL. Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 2: Fluorescence andvibrational spectroscopic imaging methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:147-168. [PMID: 32217069 PMCID: PMC7483684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the delivery and diffusion of topically-applied drugs on human skin is of paramount importance in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics research. This information is critical in early stages of drug development and allows the identification of the most promising ingredients delivered at optimal concentrations to their target skin compartments. Different skin imaging methods, invasive and non-invasive, are available to characterize and quantify the spatiotemporal distribution of a drug within ex vivo and in vivo human skin. The first part of this review detailed invasive imaging methods (autoradiography, MALDI and SIMS). This second part reviews non-invasive imaging methods that can be applied in vivo: i) fluorescence (conventional, confocal, and multiphoton) and second harmonic generation microscopies and ii) vibrational spectroscopic imaging methods (infrared, confocal Raman, and coherent Raman scattering microscopies). Finally, a flow chart for the selection of imaging methods is presented to guide human skin ex vivo and in vivo drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sinyoung Jeong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Sébastien Grégoire
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Gustavo S Luengo
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Philippe Hallegot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Amin Feizpour
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Kin F Chan
- Simpson Interventions, Inc., Woodside, CA 94062, United States of America
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America.
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13
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Mohammed YH, Barkauskas DS, Holmes A, Grice J, Roberts MS. Noninvasive in vivo human multiphoton microscopy: a key method in proving nanoparticulate zinc oxide sunscreen safety. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-19. [PMID: 31939224 PMCID: PMC7008509 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe the contribution of our in vivo multiphoton microscopy (MPM) studies over the last ten years with DermaInspect;® (JenLab, Germany), a CE-certified medical tomograph based on detection of fluorescent biomolecules, to the assessment of possible penetration of nanoparticulate zinc oxide in sunscreen through human skin. At the time we started our work, there was a strong movement for the precautionary principle to be applied to the use of nanoparticles in consumer products due to a lack of knowledge. The combined application of different MPM modalities, including spectral imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, second harmonic fluorescence generation, and phosphorescence microscopy, has provided overwhelming evidence that nanoparticle zinc oxide particles do not penetrate human skin when applied to various skin types with a range of methods of topical sunscreen application. MPM has also been used to study the viable epidermal morphology and redox state in supporting the safe use of topical zinc oxide nanoparticles. The impact of this work is emphasized by the recent proposed rule by the United States FDA on Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use, which listed only zinc oxide and titanium dioxide of the currently marketed products to be generally recognized as safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf H. Mohammed
- University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Therapeutics Research Group, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah S. Barkauskas
- University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Therapeutics Research Group, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Holmes
- University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Grice
- University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Therapeutics Research Group, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Therapeutics Research Group, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Introduction: The improvement of percutaneous absorption represents a clear dermatopharmaceutical aim. Recently, the hair follicle was recognized to be an important penetration pathway. Especially nanoparticles show an enhanced intrafollicular penetration and can be utilized to target specific cell populations within the hair follicle.Areas covered: The present review briefly summarizes the recent advances in follicular drug delivery of nanoparticles. Moreover, the particularities of the hair follicle as a penetration pathway are summarized which include its structure and specific barrier properties. Recently, the mechanism of the follicular penetration process has been clarified.In the meantime, different strategies have been developed to successfully improve follicular drug delivery of nanoparticles. One approach is to equip the nanocarriers with a triggered release system enabling them to release their drug load at the right time and place.Expert opinion: Follicular drug delivery with smart nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems represents a promising approach to increase the percutaneous absorption of topically applied substances. Although technical achievements and efficacy proofs concerning an increased penetration of substances are already available, the practical implementation into clinical application still represents an additional challenge and should be in the focus of interest in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Shirshin EA, Yakimov BP, Darvin ME, Omelyanenko NP, Rodionov SA, Gurfinkel YI, Lademann J, Fadeev VV, Priezzhev AV. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: The Origin of Fluorophores and Capabilities for Analyzing Biochemical Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S69-S88. [PMID: 31213196 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a method of molecular imaging and specifically of intravital imaging that is characterized by high spatial resolution in combination with a greater depth of penetration into the tissue. MPM is a multimodal method based on detection of nonlinear optical signals - multiphoton fluorescence and optical harmonics - and also allows imaging with the use of the parameters of fluorescence decay kinetics. This review describes and discusses photophysical processes within major reporter molecules used in MPM with endogenous contrasts and summarizes several modern experiments that illustrate the capabilities of label-free MPM for molecular imaging of biochemical processes in connective tissue and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Shirshin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840, Moscow, Russia
| | - B P Yakimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - N P Omelyanenko
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, 127299, Russia
| | - S A Rodionov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Moscow, 127299, Russia
| | - Y I Gurfinkel
- Medical Scientific-Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - J Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - V V Fadeev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A V Priezzhev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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16
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Sdobnov AY, Lademann J, Darvin ME, Tuchin VV. Methods for Optical Skin Clearing in Molecular Optical Imaging in Dermatology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S144-S158. [PMID: 31213200 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This short review describes recent progress in using optical clearing (OC) technique in skin studies. Optical clearing is an efficient tool for enhancing the probing depth and data quality in multiphoton microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of OC, its safety, advantages, and limitations. The data on the OC effect on the skin water content are presented. It was demonstrated that 70% glycerol and 100% OmnipaqueTM 300 reduce the water content in the skin. Both OC agents (OCAs) significantly affect the strongly bound and weakly bound water. However, OmnipaqueTM 300 causes considerably less skin dehydration than glycerol. In addition, the results of examination of the OC effect on autofluorescence in two-photon excitation and background fluorescence in Raman scattering at different skin depths are presented. It is shown that OmnipaqueTM 300 is a promising OCA due to its ability to reduce background fluorescence in the upper skin layers. The possibility of multimodal imaging combining optical methods and OC technique is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Sdobnov
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland. .,Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - J Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - M E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - V V Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, 410028, Russia.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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17
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Swiatkowski M, Kruszynski R. Structurally diverse coordination compounds of zinc as effective precursors of zinc oxide nanoparticles with various morphologies. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Swiatkowski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Rafal Kruszynski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
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18
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Support for the Safe Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Sunscreens: Lack of Skin Penetration or Cellular Toxicity after Repeated Application in Volunteers. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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The structure of coordination precursors as an effective tool for governing of size and morphology of ZnS and ZnO nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Chen G, Ji C, Collins LZ, Hoptroff M, Janssen HG. Visualization of zinc pyrithione particles deposited on the scalp from a shampoo by tape-strip sampling and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:530-533. [PMID: 30193000 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is widely used as an anti-fungal active in commercial anti-dandruff (AD) shampoos. The AD efficacy of ZnPT is highly dependent on the deposition of ZnPT particles onto the scalp during the process of shampoo application and rinse-off. Since ZnPT materials with different particle sizes and morphologies have different deposition behaviours, the measurement of the actual ZnPT deposition is critical to understand the AD performance delivered by different ZnPT shampoos. The aim of this study is to develop a robust and reliable method for visualizing the particle size and morphology of ZnPT deposited on the scalp from AD shampoos. METHODS Hair was washed with a commercially available AD shampoo containing ZnPT and zinc carbonate (ZnCO3 ). Tape strips were applied to collect the deposited particles from the scalp after AD shampoo application and rinse-off. The scalp tape strip samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) measurement. The morphology of the ZnPT particles was visualized by SEM imaging and identification of ZnPT particles was confirmed by EDX analysis. RESULTS For the commercial shampoo studied it was observed that two zinc-containing particulates with different morphologies and composition remained on the scalp after shampoo application and rinse-off. As indicated by the EDX spectra, the ZnPT particles deposited onto the scalp surface had polygonal crystal structures. ZnCO3 was also deposited onto the scalp surface. This material was mainly present as aggregated particulates. CONCLUSION An ex vivo method that combines tape strip sampling and SEM/EDX has been developed for measuring and visualizing the particle size, morphology and composition of ZnPT deposited on the scalp from AD shampoos. This ex vivo measurement method provides higher imaging resolution and more chemical specificity than reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ZnPT particles were distinguishable from other zinc particles on the scalp. Moreover, the new method allows the microstructures of both ZnPT and other zinc particles on the scalp to be imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Unilever Research and Development Shanghai, 66 Linxin Road, Linkong Economic Development Zone, Shanghai, 200335, China.,Analytical-Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ji
- Unilever Research and Development Shanghai, 66 Linxin Road, Linkong Economic Development Zone, Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - L Z Collins
- Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington Merseyside, SH63 3JW, U.K
| | - M Hoptroff
- Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington Merseyside, SH63 3JW, U.K
| | - H-G Janssen
- Analytical-Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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21
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Gehr P. Interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:395-399. [PMID: 30195156 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
I feel very much honored that I was invited to contribute to a special issue for you, Heiri, in the prestigious Journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Moreover, it is with great pleasure that I add a few pages on the topic I was involved with during my active research time, i.e. on the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems, for this special issue. The research topic continued somehow into the time of my retirement, but with a broader view of nanoparticles, with my engagement in the National Research Program 64 on "Opportunities and Risks of Nanomaterials" of the Swiss National Science Foundation. It was wonderful having you as a world expert on physical-chemical aspects of nanomaterials (powders) in the Steering Committee. Your competence in this field of research work as well as your engagement have always been highly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gehr
- Department of Anatomy, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Liu Y, Yoo E, Mahler GJ, Doiron AL. Endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by nanoparticle exposure through actin remodeling via caveolae/raft-regulated calcium signalling. NANOIMPACT 2018; 11:82-91. [PMID: 30238068 PMCID: PMC6139665 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern nanotechnology has resulted in nanomaterial being use in nearly all applications of life, raising the potential risk of nanomaterial exposure alongside the need to design safe and effective materials. Previous work has demonstrated a specific effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of approximately 20 nm on endothelial barrier function in vitro. To expand our understanding of this size-specific effect, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) in this similar size range were studied. All tested nanoparticles were found to have minimal effects on cell viability, but exhibited a significant detrimental effect on endothelial barrier function. Nanoparticles in the size range of 20 to 30 nm were internalized by endothelial cells through caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis, causing intracellular calcium elevation by approximately 30% at 2 hours after administration, and triggering myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-regulated actomyosin contraction. These effects culminated in an increase in endothelial monolayer permeability across all particle types within the 20-30 nm range. This nanoparticle exposure-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction may provide valuable information for designing safer nanomaterials or potential applications of this nanoparticle exposure-induced permeability effect in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University,
Binghamton, USA
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University,
Binghamton, USA
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University,
Binghamton, USA
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University,
Binghamton, USA
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23
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Döge N, Hadam S, Volz P, Wolf A, Schönborn KH, Blume-Peytavi U, Alexiev U, Vogt A. Identification of polystyrene nanoparticle penetration across intact skin barrier as rare event at sites of focal particle aggregations. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700169. [PMID: 29178669 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The question whether nanoparticles can cross the skin barrier is highly debated. Even in intact skin rare events of deeper penetration have been reported, but technical limitations and possible artifacts require careful interpretation. In this study, horizontal scanning by 2-photon microscopy (2 PM) of full-thickness human skin samples placed in a lateral position yielded highly informative images for skin penetration studies of fluorescently tagged nanoparticles. Scanning of large fields of view allowed for detailed information on interfollicular and follicular penetration in tissue blocks without damaging the sample. Images in histomorphological correlation showed that 2P-excited fluorescence signals of fluorescently tagged 20 and 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles preferentially accumulated in the stratum corneum (SC) and in the upper part of vellus hair follicles (HFs). Rare events of deeper penetration in the SC and in the infundibulum of vellus HFs were observed at sites of high focal particle aggregations. Wide-field 2 PM allows for imaging of nanoparticle penetration in large tissue blocks, whereas total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) enables selective detection of individual nanoparticles as well as clusters of nanoparticles in the SC and within the epidermal layer directly beneath the SC, thus confirming barrier crossing with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Döge
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hadam
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Sdobnov A, Darvin ME, Lademann J, Tuchin V. A comparative study of ex vivo skin optical clearing using two-photon microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1115-1123. [PMID: 28133923 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton tomography (MPT) is a prospective tool for imaging the skin structure. Aiming to increase the probing depth, a comparative ex vivo study of optical clearing of porcine ear skin was performed by using two optical clearing agents (OCAs), i.e., glycerol and iohexol (OmnipaqueTM ) at different concentrations, which exhibit different osmotic properties. The results show that a topical application of glycerol or OmnipaqueTM solutions onto the skin for 60 min significantly improved the depth and contrast of the MPT signals. By utilizing 40%, 60% and 100% glycerol, and 60% and 100% OmnipaqueTM it was demonstrated that both agents improve autofluorescence and SHG (second harmonic generation) signals from the skin. At the applied concentrations and agent time exposure, glycerol is more effective than OmnipaqueTM . However, tissue shrinkage and cell morphology changes were found for highly concentrated glycerol solutions. OmnipaqueTM , on the contrary, increases the safety and has no or minimal tissue shrinkage during the optical clearing process. Moreover OmnipaqueTM allows for robust multimodal optical/X-ray imaging with automatically matched optically cleared and X-ray contrasted tissue volumes. These findings make OmnipaqueTM more prospective than glycerol for some particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sdobnov
- Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov National Research State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov National Research State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control RAS, Rabochaya 24, 410028, Saratov, Russian Federation
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin's av. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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25
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The New Sunscreens among Formulation Strategy, Stability Issues, Changing Norms, Safety and Efficacy Evaluations. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Choe C, Lademann J, Darvin ME. A depth-dependent profile of the lipid conformation and lateral packing order of the stratum corneum in vivo measured using Raman microscopy. Analyst 2017; 141:1981-7. [PMID: 26855232 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum (SC) plays a key role in skin barrier function. A depth profile of the intercellular lipid conformation and the lipid lateral packing order were measured in vivo in the human SC using confocal Raman microscopy. The depth profiles of the 2880 cm(-1)/2850 cm(-1) peak ratio intensity, which represent the C-H stretching and lateral packing order of lipids, and the 1080 cm(-1)/(1130 cm(-1) + 1060 cm(-1)) peak ratio, which represents the C-C skeleton vibration and trans-gauche conformation order of lipids, were investigated. The influence of keratin on the lipid peaks at 2850 cm(-1) and 2880 cm(-1) was excluded by the developed mathematical algorithm. The results show that the trans-conformation and lateral packing order of the intercellular lipids reach their maximum value in the SC at 20-40% of its depth and then decrease towards the stratum granulosum. These results show that at a depth of 20-40% (normally corresponding to a depth of 4-8 μm) the SC exhibits the most ordered lipids and therefore the highest skin barrier function. The lateral packing of lipids is more disordered on the surface and in the deeper parts of the SC, which may be associated with a reduced skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. and Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Leite-Silva V, Sanchez W, Studier H, Liu D, Mohammed Y, Holmes A, Ryan E, Haridass I, Chandrasekaran N, Becker W, Grice J, Benson H, Roberts M. Human skin penetration and local effects of topical nano zinc oxide after occlusion and barrier impairment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Knorr F, Patzelt A, Darvin ME, Lehr CM, Schäfer U, Gruber AD, Ostrowski A, Lademann J. Penetration of topically applied nanocarriers into the hair follicles of dog and rat dorsal skin and porcine ear skin. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:256-e60. [PMID: 27229377 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, topically applied nanocarriers penetrate effectively into the hair follicles where they can be exploited for the localized and targeted treatment of skin disorders. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to examine the applicability of particle-based systems for follicular drug delivery in companion animals and livestock, which have a large follicular reservoir. ANIMALS Skin samples from 10 beagle dogs, 14 Wistar rats and four ears from freshly slaughtered cross-bred pigs were used. METHODS Fluoresceinamine labelled poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocarriers (256 or 430 nm) were applied on the different skin samples. After penetration, skin biopsies were removed and cryohistological cross sections prepared and investigated with regard to the follicular penetration depths (in μm ± standard deviation) of the nanocarriers using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS In canine, rat and porcine hair follicles, the smaller nanoparticles were detected at mean follicular penetration depths of 630.16 ± 135.75 μm, 253.55 ± 47.36 μm and 653.40 ± 94.71 μm, respectively. The larger particles were observed at average follicular depths of 604.79 ± 132.42 μm; 262.87 ± 55.25 μm and 786.81 ± 121.73 μm, respectively, in canine, rat and porcine hair follicles. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean follicular penetration depths of the differently sized nanocarriers could be determined for the canine and porcine skin samples. CONCLUSION The mean follicular penetration depths of the differently sized nanocarriers were mostly significantly different between the different species, which might be due to different species-specific follicular dimensions. This issue needs to be addressed specifically in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Knorr
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schäfer
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Ostrowski
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Leite-Silva VR, Liu DC, Sanchez WY, Studier H, Mohammed YH, Holmes A, Becker W, Grice JE, Benson HAE, Roberts MS. Effect of flexing and massage on in vivo human skin penetration and toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1193-205. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We assessed the effects of flexing and massage on human skin penetration and toxicity of topically applied coated and uncoated zinc oxide nanoparticles (˜75 nm) in vivo. Materials & methods: Noninvasive multiphoton tomography with fluorescence lifetime imaging was used to evaluate the penetration of nanoparticles through the skin barrier and cellular apoptosis in the viable epidermis. Results: All nanoparticles applied to skin with flexing and massage were retained in the stratum corneum or skin furrows. No significant penetration into the viable epidermis was seen and no cellular toxicity was detected. Conclusion: Exposure of normal in vivo human skin to these nanoparticles under common in-use conditions of flexing or massage is not associated with significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia R Leite-Silva
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema SP, Brazil
| | - David C Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Washington Y Sanchez
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Hauke Studier
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy Holmes
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Becker
- Becker & Hickl GmbH, Nahmitzer Damm 30, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Heather AE Benson
- School of Pharmacy, CHIRI, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia City East Campus, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mujica Ascencio S, Choe C, Meinke MC, Müller RH, Maksimov GV, Wigger-Alberti W, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Confocal Raman microscopy and multivariate statistical analysis for determination of different penetration abilities of caffeine and propylene glycol applied simultaneously in a mixture on porcine skin ex vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:51-8. [PMID: 27108784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Propylene glycol is one of the known substances added in cosmetic formulations as a penetration enhancer. Recently, nanocrystals have been employed also to increase the skin penetration of active components. Caffeine is a component with many applications and its penetration into the epidermis is controversially discussed in the literature. In the present study, the penetration ability of two components - caffeine nanocrystals and propylene glycol, applied topically on porcine ear skin in the form of a gel, was investigated ex vivo using two confocal Raman microscopes operated at different excitation wavelengths (785nm and 633nm). Several depth profiles were acquired in the fingerprint region and different spectral ranges, i.e., 526-600cm(-1) and 810-880cm(-1) were chosen for independent analysis of caffeine and propylene glycol penetration into the skin, respectively. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) combined with Student's t-test were employed to calculate the maximum penetration depths of each substance (caffeine and propylene glycol). The results show that propylene glycol penetrates significantly deeper than caffeine (20.7-22.0μm versus 12.3-13.0μm) without any penetration enhancement effect on caffeine. The results confirm that different substances, even if applied onto the skin as a mixture, can penetrate differently. The penetration depths of caffeine and propylene glycol obtained using two different confocal Raman microscopes are comparable showing that both types of microscopes are well suited for such investigations and that multivariate statistical PCA-LDA methods combined with Student's t-test are very useful for analyzing the penetration of different substances into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Mujica Ascencio
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (CIITEC) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Cerrada de Cecati S/N, Col. Santa Catarina Azcapotzalco, México D.F. CP: 02250, Mexico
| | - ChunSik Choe
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer H Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - George V Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Juergen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Chen L, Song B, Shao L. The toxicology of ion-shedding zinc oxide nanoparticles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:348-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1137864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Holmes AM, Song Z, Moghimi HR, Roberts MS. Relative Penetration of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Ions into Human Skin after Application of Different Zinc Oxide Formulations. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1810-9. [PMID: 26741484 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is frequently used in commercial sunscreen formulations to deliver their broad range of UV protection properties. Concern has been raised about the extent to which these ZnO particles (both micronized and nanoparticulate) penetrate the skin and their resultant toxicity. This work has explored the human epidermal skin penetration of zinc oxide and its labile zinc ion dissolution product that may potentially be formed after application of ZnO nanoparticles to human epidermis. Three ZnO nanoparticle formulations were used: a suspension in the oil, capric caprylic triglycerides (CCT), the base formulation commonly used in commercially available sunscreen products; an aqueous ZnO suspension at pH 6, similar to the natural skin surface pH; and an aqueous ZnO suspension at pH 9, a pH at which ZnO is stable and there is minimal pH-induced impairment of epidermal integrity. In each case, the ZnO in the formulations did not penetrate into the intact viable epidermis for any of the formulations but was associated with an enhanced increase in zinc ion fluorescence signal in both the stratum corneum and the viable epidermis. The highest labile zinc fluorescence was found for the ZnO suspension at pH 6. It is concluded that, while topically applied ZnO does not penetrate into the viable epidermis, these applications are associated with hydrolysis of ZnO on the skin surface, leading to an increase in zinc ion levels in the stratum corneum, thence in the viable epidermis and subsequently in the systemic circulation and the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Holmes
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia , 5000
| | - Zhen Song
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia , 5000
| | - Hamid R Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran , 198396-3113
| | - Michael S Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia , 5000
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia , 4102
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Springer S, Zieger M, Koenig K, Kaatz M, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Optimization of the measurement procedure during multiphoton tomography of human skinin vivo. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:356-62. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Springer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - M. Zieger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - K. Koenig
- Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
- JenLab GmbH; Jena Germany
| | - M. Kaatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; SRH Waldklinikum Gera gGmbH; Gera Germany
| | - J. Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP); Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. E. Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP); Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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34
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Choe C, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Analysis of Human and Porcine Skin in vivo/ex vivo for Penetration of Selected Oils by Confocal Raman Microscopy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:318-30. [PMID: 26418603 DOI: 10.1159/000439407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subject of oil penetration into the skin is controversially discussed in the scientific literature. METHODS Confocal Raman microscopy was used for analyzing oil penetration into the skin. The following methods were applied in the study: methods based on tracking specific peaks (method 1), the nonrestricted multiple least square fit (method 2), analyzing the lipid-to-keratin peak ratio using the perpendicular drop-down cutoff procedure (method 3), and the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure (method 4). RESULTS The results obtained using methods 1, 2 and 4 show that the investigated oils do not penetrate deeper than 11 µm into human and porcine skin. Petrolatum has a prominent swelling effect on the stratum corneum (32% in vivo, 28% ex vivo), while the other oils exhibit no significant swelling effect. By using method 3, the penetration profile of oils, and especially of petrolatum, into the skin was interpreted incorrectly for various reasons that are addressed herein below. CONCLUSION Predominantly remaining in the uppermost corneocyte layers of the stratum corneum, topically applied oils do not reach the viable cells of the stratum spinosum. To exclude any possible mistakes when using the lipid-keratin Raman peak (2,820-3,030 cm-1), the penetration analysis should be performed using the Gaussian function-based deconvolution procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charitx00E9; - Universitx00E4;tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Influence of the Systemic Application of Blue–Green Spirulina platensis Algae on the Cutaneous Carotenoids and Elastic Fibers in Vivo. COSMETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics2030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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37
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A review of critical factors for assessing the dermal absorption of metal oxide nanoparticles from sunscreens applied to humans, and a research strategy to address current deficiencies. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1909-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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39
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Zhu Y, Choe CS, Ahlberg S, Meinke MC, Alexiev U, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Penetration of silver nanoparticles into porcine skin ex vivo using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, Raman microscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051006. [PMID: 25394476 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the penetration depth of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) inside the skin, porcine ears treated with Ag NPs are measured by two-photon tomography with a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPT-FLIM) technique, confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy. Ag NPs are coated with poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone and dispersed in pure water solutions. After the application of Ag NPs, porcine ears are stored in the incubator for 24 h at a temperature of 37°C. The TPT-FLIM measurement results show a dramatic decrease of the Ag NPs' signal intensity from the skin surface to a depth of 4 μm. Below 4 μm, the Ag NPs' signal continues to decline, having completely disappeared at 12 to 14 μm depth. CRM shows that the penetration depth of Ag NPs is 11.1 ± 2.1 μm. The penetration depth measured with a highly sensitive SERS microscopy reaches 15.6 ± 8.3 μm. Several results obtained with SERS show that the penetration depth of Ag NPs can exceed the stratum corneum (SC) thickness, which can be explained by both penetration of trace amounts of Ag NPs through the SC barrier and by the measurements inside the hair follicle, which cannot be excluded in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, GermanybZhejiang University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanic
| | - Chun-Sik Choe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, GermanycKim Il Sung University, Department of Physics, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong
| | - Sebastian Ahlberg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Franzen L, Anderski J, Windbergs M. Quantitative detection of caffeine in human skin by confocal Raman spectroscopy--A systematic in vitro validation study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:110-6. [PMID: 25828208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For rational development and evaluation of dermal drug delivery, the knowledge of rate and extent of substance penetration into the human skin is essential. However, current analytical procedures are destructive, labor intense and lack a defined spatial resolution. In this context, confocal Raman microscopy bares the potential to overcome current limitations in drug depth profiling. Confocal Raman microscopy already proved its suitability for the acquisition of qualitative penetration profiles, but a comprehensive investigation regarding its suitability for quantitative measurements inside the human skin is still missing. In this work, we present a systematic validation study to deploy confocal Raman microscopy for quantitative drug depth profiling in human skin. After we validated our Raman microscopic setup, we successfully established an experimental procedure that allows correlating the Raman signal of a model drug with its controlled concentration in human skin. To overcome current drawbacks in drug depth profiling, we evaluated different modes of peak correlation for quantitative Raman measurements and offer a suitable operating procedure for quantitative drug depth profiling in human skin. In conclusion, we successfully demonstrate the potential of confocal Raman microscopy for quantitative drug depth profiling in human skin as valuable alternative to destructive state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Franzen
- Saarland University, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Juliane Anderski
- Saarland University, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Saarland University, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbruecken, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery, Saarbruecken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Ryu HJ, Seo MY, Jung SK, Maeng EH, Lee SY, Jang DH, Lee TJ, Jo KY, Kim YR, Cho KB, Kim MK, Lee BJ, Son SW. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a 90-day repeated-dose dermal toxicity study in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:137-44. [PMID: 25565832 PMCID: PMC4279760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) works as a long-lasting, broad-spectrum physical sunblock, and can prevent skin cancer, sunburn, and photoaging. Nanosized ZnO particles are used often in sunscreens due to consumer preference over larger sizes, which appear opaque when dermally applied. Although the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in sunscreens in 1999, there are ongoing safety concerns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of ZnO NPs after dermal application according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guidelines 411 using Good Laboratory Practice. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight (one control, one vehicle control, three experimental, and three recovery) groups. Different concentrations of ZnO NPs were dermally applied to the rats in the experimental groups for 90 days. Clinical observations as well as weight and food consumption were measured and recorded daily. Hematology and biochemistry parameters were determined. Gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations were performed on selected tissues from all animals. Analyses of tissue were undertaken to determine target organ tissue distribution. There was no increased mortality in the experimental group. Although there was dose-dependent irritation at the site of application, there were no abnormal findings related to ZnO NPs in other organs. Increased concentrations of ZnO in the liver, small intestine, large intestine, and feces were thought to result from oral ingestion of ZnO NPs via licking. Penetration of ZnO NPs through the skin seemed to be limited via the dermal route. This study demonstrates that there was no observed adverse effect of ZnO NPs up to 1,000 mg/kg body weight when they are applied dermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Mu Yeb Seo
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Young Lee
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyouk Jang
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jin Lee
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Jo
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Cho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinheung College, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Vogt A, Rancan F, Ahlberg S, Nazemi B, Choe CS, Darvin ME, Hadam S, Blume-Peytavi U, Loza K, Diendorf J, Epple M, Graf C, Rühl E, Meinke MC, Lademann J. Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:2363-2373. [PMID: 25551064 PMCID: PMC4273260 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of nanoparticle interactions with tissues is complex. High levels of standardization, ideally testing of different material types in the same biological model, and combinations of sensitive imaging and detection methods are required. Here, we present our studies on nanoparticle interactions with skin, skin cells, and biological media. Silica, titanium dioxide and silver particles were chosen as representative examples for different types of skin exposure to nanomaterials, e.g., unintended environmental exposure (silica) versus intended exposure through application of sunscreen (titanium dioxide) or antiseptics (silver). Because each particle type exhibits specific physicochemical properties, we were able to apply different combinations of methods to examine skin penetration and cellular uptake, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy on cells and tissue sections, flow cytometry of isolated skin cells as well as Raman microscopy on whole tissue blocks. In order to assess the biological relevance of such findings, cell viability and free radical production were monitored on cells and in whole tissue samples. The combination of technologies and the joint discussion of results enabled us to look at nanoparticle-skin interactions and the biological relevance of our findings from different angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vogt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ahlberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Berouz Nazemi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Sik Choe
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hadam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Diendorf
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Graf
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Breunig HG, Weinigel M, König K. In Vivo Imaging of ZnO Nanoparticles from Sunscreen on Human Skin with a Mobile Multiphoton Tomograph. BIONANOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-014-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koenig K. Hybrid multiphoton multimodal tomography of in vivo human skin. INTRAVITAL 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/intv.21938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lapteva M, Santer V, Mondon K, Patmanidis I, Chiriano G, Scapozza L, Gurny R, Möller M, Kalia YN. Targeted cutaneous delivery of ciclosporin A using micellar nanocarriers and the possible role of inter-cluster regions as molecular transport pathways. J Control Release 2014; 196:9-18. [PMID: 25278258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of ciclosporin A (CsA) is indicated in the treatment of severe recalcitrant plaque psoriasis. However, CsA is both nephro- and hepatotoxic and its systemic administration also exposes the patient to other severe side effects. Although topical delivery of CsA, targeted directly to psoriatic skin, would offer significant advantages, there are no topical formulations approved for dermatological use. The aim of this work was to formulate CsA loaded polymeric micelles using the biodegradable and biocompatible MPEG-dihexPLA diblock copolymer and to evaluate their potential for delivering the drug selectively into the skin without concomitant transdermal permeation. Micelle formulations were characterised with respect to drug content, size and morphology. Micelle and drug penetration pathways were subsequently visualised with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using fluorescein labelled CsA (Fluo-CsA) and Nile-Red (NR) labelled copolymer. Visualisation studies typically use fluorescent dyes as "model drugs"; however, these may have different physicochemical properties to the drug molecule under investigation. Therefore, in this study it was decided to chemically modify CsA and to use this structurally similar fluorescent analogue to visualise molecular distribution and transport pathways. Molecular modelling techniques and experimental determination of log D served as molecular scale and macroscopic methods to compare the lipophilicity of CsA and Fluo-CsA. The spherical, homogeneous and nanometre-scale micelles (with Zav from 25 to 52 nm) increased the aqueous solubility of CsA by 518-fold. Supra-therapeutic amounts of CsA were delivered to human skin (1.4±0.6 μg/cm2, cf. a statistically equivalent 1.1±0.5 μg/cm2 for porcine skin) after application of the formulation with the lowest CsA and copolymer content (1.67±0.03 mg/ml of CsA and 5mg/ml of copolymer) for only 1h without concomitant transdermal permeation. Fluo-CsA was successfully synthesised, characterised and incorporated into fluorescent NR-MPEG-dihexPLA micelles; its conformation was not modified by the addition of fluorescein and its log D, measured from pH4 to 8, was equivalent to that of CsA. Fluo-CsA and NR-MPEG-dihexPLA copolymer were subsequently visualised in skin by CLSM. The images indicated that micelles were preferentially deposited between corneocytes and in the inter-cluster regions (i.e. between the clusters of corneocytes). Fluo-CsA skin penetration was deeper in these structures, suggesting that inter-cluster penetration is probably the preferred transport pathway responsible for the increased cutaneous delivery of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lapteva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Verena Santer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karine Mondon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianpaolo Chiriano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Möller
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles used for follicular delivery provide some advantages over conventional pathways, including improved skin bioavailability, enhanced penetration depth, prolonged residence duration, fast transport into the skin and tissue targeting. This review describes recent developments using nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery into the follicles. Different types of nanosystems may be employed for management of follicular permeation, such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanocrystals, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. This review systematically introduces the mechanisms of follicles for nanoparticulate penetration, highlighting the therapeutic potential of drug-loaded nanoparticles for treating skin diseases. Special attention is paid to the use of nanoparticles in treating appendage-related disorders, in particular, nanomedical strategies for treating alopecia, acne, and transcutaneous immunization.
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48
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Koehler MJ, Kellner K, Hipler UC, Kaatz M. Acute UVB-induced epidermal changes assessed by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:137-43. [PMID: 25066913 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo multiphoton tomography (MPT) of human skin has become a valuable tool for non-invasive examination of morphological and biophysical skin properties and their alterations. So far, skin changes after UVB irradiation were mainly evaluated clinically and histologically. The present study aimed at non-invasive imaging of histological changes during acute UVB irradiation by multiphoton laser tomography. METHODS In 10 volunteers, five areas were irradiated once with an erythematous UVB dose. Multiphoton measurements were performed four times, i.e. before irradiation (baseline), and 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation, respectively. The data were evaluated for changes of epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness. RESULTS The four parameters were altered significantly by acute UVB irradiation, i.e. epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness increased within 72 h after irradiation. CONCLUSION Thus, the study has shown that typical epidermal changes induced by acute UVB irradiation can be evaluated by MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Koehler
- Department of Dermatology, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Gera, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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49
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Akhalaya MY, Maksimov GV, Rubin AB, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Molecular action mechanisms of solar infrared radiation and heat on human skin. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 16:1-11. [PMID: 24742502 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ROS underlies all solar infrared-affected therapeutic and pathological cutaneous effects. The signaling pathway NF-kB is responsible for the induced therapeutic effects, while the AP-1 for the pathological effects. The different signaling pathways of infrared-induced ROS and infrared-induced heat shock ROS were shown to act independently multiplying the influence on each other by increasing the doses of irradiation and/or increasing the temperature. The molecular action mechanisms of solar infrared radiation and heat on human skin are summarized and discussed in detail in the present paper. The critical doses are determined. Protection strategies against infrared-induced skin damage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ya Akhalaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Detoni CB, Coradini K, Back P, Oliveira CM, Andrade DF, Beck RCR, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Penetration, photo-reactivity and photoprotective properties of nanosized ZnO. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1253-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Even though cosmetic grade nanometric ZNO particles act as photo-catalysts in oxidative degradation, when applied on porcine skin it prevents UVA induced skin oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. B. Detoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - K. Coradini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - P. Back
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - C. M. Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - D. F. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - R. C. R. Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - A. R. Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - S. S. Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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