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Wu Y, Yang X, Ju Y, Zhao F. Fraxinol attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by equilibrating ACE-Ang II-AT1R and ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas and inhibiting NLRP3. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:979-989. [PMID: 35588103 PMCID: PMC9122403 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2067571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious heterogenous pulmonary disorder. Fraxinol was selected for this study since it is a simple coumarin compound, not previously investigated in ALI. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the ALI therapeutic effect and mechanisms of fraxinol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male BALB/c mice were treated with fraxinol (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) following intranasal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg in 50 μL). The mice in control group were intratracheally injected with 50 μL phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Raw264.7 cells were treated with fraxinol by 100 ng/mL LPS for 6 h, then treated by different concentrations of fraxinol (5, 10, and 25 μM) for 48 h. Cells in control group were treated with PBS. RESULTS Fraxinol with doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung injury in mice (lung injury score, 10.4, 31.2, 50.3%). Fraxinol attenuated the apoptosis and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) activation induced by LPS (apoptosis, 18.3, 30.2, 55.6%; NLRP3, 30.0, 47.7, 63.6%). The anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects of fraxinol were also confirmed in Raw264.7 cells (apoptosis, 38.8, 55.3, 68.9%; NLRP3, 20.6, 55.7, 73.9%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The anti-ALI effects of fraxinol maybe by equilibrating ACE-Ang II-AT1R and ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Our research provides a candidate drug in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Fei Zhao Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
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Yuan X, Bhat OM, Zou Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Li PL. Endothelial Acid Sphingomyelinase Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neointima Formation During Hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100298. [PMID: 36252682 PMCID: PMC9672920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated during atherogenesis, but how this occurs is unclear. Here, we explored the mechanisms activating and regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes via the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-ceramide signaling pathway. As a neointima formation model, partial left carotid ligations were performed on endothelial cell (EC)-specific ASM transgene mice (Smpd1trg/ECcre) and their control littermates (Smpd1trg/WT and WT/WT) fed on the Western diet (WD). We found neointima formation remarkably increased in Smpd1trg/ECcre mice over their control littermates. Next, we observed enhanced colocalization of NLRP3 versus adaptor protein ASC (the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) or caspase-1 in the carotid ECs of WD-treated Smpd1trg/ECcre mice but not in their control littermates. In addition, we used membrane raft (MR) marker flotillin-1 and found more aggregation of ASM and ceramide in the intima of Smpd1trg/ECcre mice than their control littermates. Moreover, we demonstrated by in situ dihydroethidium staining, carotid intimal superoxide levels were much higher in WD-treated Smpd1trg/ECcre mice than in their control littermates. Using ECs from Smpd1trg/ECcre and WT/WT mice, we showed ASM overexpression markedly enhanced 7-ketocholesterol (7-Ket)-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome formation, accompanied by enhanced caspase-1 activity and elevated interleukin-1β levels. These 7-Ket-induced increases were significantly attenuated by ASM inhibitor amitriptyline. Furthermore, we determined that increased MR clustering with NADPH oxidase subunits to produce superoxide contributes to 7-Ket-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via a thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated controlling mechanism. We conclude that ceramide from ASM plays a critical role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation during hypercholesterolemia via MR redox signaling platforms to produce superoxide, which leads to TXNIP dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Hsieh YH, Deng JS, Chang YS, Huang GJ. Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating the TLR4/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Raf-1/MEK/ERK, and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091208. [PMID: 30200495 PMCID: PMC6163254 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has labeled it as one of the most important ginsenosides. The purpose of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GRh2 using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge lung-injury animal model. GRh2 reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) production in lung tissues. GRh2 treatment decreased the histological alterations in the lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein content; total cell number also reduced in LPS-induced lung injury in mice. Moreover, GRh2 blocked iNOS, COX-2, the phosphorylation of IκB-α, ERK, JNK, p38, Raf-1, and MEK protein expression, which corresponds with the growth of HO-1, Nrf-2, catalase, SOD, and GPx expression in LPS-induced lung injury. An in vivo experimental study suggested that GRh2 has anti-inflammatory effects, and has potential therapeutic efficacy in major anterior segment lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
- Taichung City New Pharmacist Association, Taichung 420, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Wu X, Ren J, Chen G, Wu L, Song X, Li G, Deng Y, Wang G, Gu G, Li J. Systemic blockade of P2X7 receptor protects against sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4364. [PMID: 28663567 PMCID: PMC5491531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, during which the intestinal epithelial barrier is frequently disrupted, remains a challenging and life-threatening problem in clinical practice. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a non-selective adenosine triphosphate-gated cation channel present in macrophages that is involved in inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the role of P2X7R in macrophages during sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption. In this study, mice were treated with the P2X7R antagonist A740003 or the agonist BzATP by intra-peritoneal injection after the induction of gut-origin sepsis. The survival rates, inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier integrity, macrophage marker expression, and ERK and NF-κB activities were evaluated. Intestinal macrophages were also isolated and studied after exposure to Brilliant Blue G or BzATP. We found that a systemic P2X7R blockade downregulated sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and attenuated intestinal barrier dysfunction based on the evidence that mice in the A740003-treated group exhibited alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, intestinal hyperpermeability, epithelial apoptosis rates and tight junction damage compared with the septic mice. These changes were partly mediated by the inhibition of M1 macrophages activation via ERK/NF-κB pathways. Our data presented herein show that a P2X7R blockade could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Song
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanwei Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youming Deng
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Koka S, Xia M, Chen Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Boini KM, Li PL. Endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and arterial neointima formation associated with acid sphingomyelinase during hypercholesterolemia. Redox Biol 2017. [PMID: 28633109 PMCID: PMC5479959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be activated by atherogenic factors, whereby endothelial injury and consequent atherosclerotic lesions are triggered in the arterial wall. However, the mechanisms activating and regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes remain poorly understood. The present study tested whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide associated membrane raft (MR) signaling platforms contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and atherosclerotic lesions during hypercholesterolemia. We found that 7-ketocholesterol (7-Keto) or cholesterol crystal (ChC) markedly increased the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in mouse carotid arterial endothelial cells (CAECs), as shown by increased colocalization of NLRP3 with ASC or caspase-1, enhanced caspase-1 activity and elevated IL-1β levels, which were markedly attenuated by mouse Asm siRNA, ASM inhibitor- amitriptyline, and deletion of mouse Asm gene. In CAECs with NLRP3 inflammasome formation, membrane raft (MR) clustering with NADPH oxidase subunits was found remarkably increased as shown by CTXB (MR marker) and gp91phox aggregation indicating the formation of MR redox signaling platforms. This MR clustering was blocked by MR disruptor (MCD), ROS scavenger (Tempol) and TXNIP inhibitor (verapamil), accompanied by attenuation of 7-Keto or ChC-induced increase in caspase-1 activity. In animal experiments, Western diet fed mice with partially ligated left carotid artery (PLCA) were found to have significantly increased neointimal formation, which was associated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in the intima of Asm+/+ mice but not in Asm-/- mice. These results suggest that Asm gene and ceramide associated MR clustering are essential to endothelial inflammasome activation and dysfunction in the carotid arteries, ultimately determining the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. ASM mediates 7-Keto or ChC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CAECs. Asm gene is essential to enhanced atherosclerotic lesions in the PLCA of mice. ASM-NLRP3 inflammasome mediate7-Keto or ChC-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Chen Y, Pitzer AL, Li X, Li PL, Wang L, Zhang Y. Instigation of endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome by adipokine visfatin promotes inter-endothelial junction disruption: role of HMGB1. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2715-27. [PMID: 26293846 PMCID: PMC4687695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. However, the pathological relevance of this inflammasome activation, particularly in vascular cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial (Nucleotide‐binding Oligomerization Domain) NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing three (Nlrp3) inflammasomes in modulating inter‐endothelial junction proteins, which are associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction, an early onset of obesity‐associated endothelial injury. Our findings demonstrate that the activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome by visfatin markedly decreased the expression of inter‐endothelial junction proteins including tight junction proteins ZO‐1, ZO‐2 and occludin, and adherens junction protein VE‐cadherin in cultured mouse vascular endothelial (VE) cell monolayers. Such visfatin‐induced down‐regulation of junction proteins in endothelial cells was attributed to high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) release derived from endothelial inflammasome‐dependent caspase‐1 activity. Similarly, in the coronary arteries of wild‐type mice, high‐fat diet (HFD) treatment caused a down‐regulation of inter‐endothelial junction proteins ZO‐1, ZO‐2, occludin and VE‐cadherin, which was accompanied with enhanced inflammasome activation and HMGB1 expression in the endothelium as well as transmigration of CD43+ T cells into the coronary arterial wall. In contrast, all these HFD‐induced alterations in coronary arteries were prevented in mice with Nlrp3 gene deletion. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the activation of endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasomes as a result of the increased actions of injurious adipokines such as visfatin produces HMGB1, which act in paracrine or autocrine fashion to disrupt inter‐endothelial junctions and increase paracellular permeability of the endothelium contributing to the early onset of endothelial injury during metabolic disorders such as obesity or high‐fat/cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ashley L Pitzer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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