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Karlinsey RL, Karlinsey TR. Glycolysis and Automated Plaque Regrowth Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Performance. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:146. [PMID: 38786544 PMCID: PMC11119774 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF2), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/- alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and sodium fluoride. (NaF). METHODS Gingival dental plaque was collected and propagated using sterilized tryptic soy broth and sucrose, and then allocated into separate glycolysis and regrowth recipes for antiplaque evaluations. Glycolysis measurements (in duplicate) were recorded via pH microelectrode on plaque-treatment samples thermomixed (1200 rpm, 37 °C) for 4 h. For plaque regrowth, optical densities (in duplicate) were automatically collected on plaque-treatment samples using a microplate reader (linear shaking, 37 °C) from baseline to 4 h. RESULTS Calculations of percent change in pH and optical density were performed and analyzed for each set of antimicrobial treatment groups. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls stepwise comparison tests) revealed dose responses and significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatment groups, including between negative and clinically relevant positive controls. CONCLUSIONS This lab method produces results consistent with published clinical observations. This glycolysis and plaque growth method is sensitive to antimicrobial mechanisms of action, and may offer a convenient and clinically relevant screening tool in the evaluation of putative antimicrobial agents and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Karlinsey
- Custom Dental Formulations, LLC, 1291 Airport Parkway, Suite 400, Greenwood, IN 46143, USA;
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Washio J, Abiko Y, Sato T, Takahashi N. Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Human Oral Cavity: Assessing Metabolic Functions Relevant to Oral Health and Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2851:151-172. [PMID: 39210180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4096-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Many perceive lactic acid bacteria as beneficial for health. They are recognized for preventing abnormal fermentation and spoilage of ingested foods by producing lactic acid, which aids in gut acidification. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria are extensively employed in food science. In contrast, lactic acid bacteria in the oral cavity are often perceived as pathogenic factors contributing to the development of dental caries. As a consequence, substantial research has been conducted in oral and dental sciences to explore lactic acid bacteria and the oral microbiome. This research primarily involves analyzing bacterial flora, investigating metabolic activities such as acid production, and investigating metabolic regulation within the oral environment. The oral cavity serves as the gateway to the digestive tract and respiratory system, characterized by a constantly fluctuating environment that significantly impacts the metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria. Hence, when investigating oral lactic acid bacteria, it is crucial to adopt research plans and methodologies that account for these metabolic environment changes. In this section, we present some of the methods employed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yuki Abiko
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuichi Sato
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Rosenauer T, Basche S, Flemming J, Hannig C, König B, Hannig M. Direct and indirect effects of different dentifrices on the initial bacterial colonization of enamel in situ overnight. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:178-187. [PMID: 35075780 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect influence of fluoridated toothpastes and fluoride-free toothpaste with hydroxyapatite (HAP) as active ingredient on initial bacterial colonization on enamel in situ. METHODS For this clinical-experimental pilot study, eight subjects were instructed to brush their teeth with three different toothpastes (Elmex® : 1400 ppm AmF, Meridol® : 1400 ppm AmF +SnF2, Karex® : HAP), using each for two consecutive days. As a control, brushing without toothpaste was performed. To evaluate bacterial colonization, subject wore splints with buccally placed bovine enamel platelets overnight. Two modes were tested. In a first pass (regimen A), the splints were inserted after toothbrushing to examine the indirect effects of the dentifrices. In order to investigate the direct effects, the specimens were brushed in situ in a second pass (regimen B). Biofilm formation was visualized and quantified using fluorescence microscopy (DAPI and BacLight) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS For brushing regimen A (indirect effect of dentifrices), no statistical differences were detected between any of the tested dentifrices or the control. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were recorded for brushing regimen B (direct effect of dentifrices). Furthermore, no differences between the different brushing techniques were determined with regard to the ultrastructure of the overnight biofilm. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present pilot study, it can be concluded that in patients with good oral hygiene, dentifrices and their chemical composition have no statistically significant effect on the initial bacterial colonization of enamel platelets in situ, irrespectively of the mode of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rosenauer
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Amarante VDOZ, Delbem ACB, Sampaio C, de Morais LA, de Camargo ER, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP, Hosida TY. Activity of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Nanoparticles on Cariogenic-Related Biofilms In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:170. [PMID: 36616080 PMCID: PMC9824195 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In light of the promising effect of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles (TMPn) on dental enamel, in addition to the scarce evidence of the effects of these nanoparticles on biofilms, this study evaluated the activity of TMPn with/without fluoride (F) on the pH, inorganic composition and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The biofilms were cultivated in artificial saliva in microtiter plates and treated with solutions containing 1% or 3% conventional/microparticulate TMP (TMPm) or TMPn, with or without F. After the last treatment, the protein and carbohydrate content of the ECM was analyzed, and the pH and F, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and TMP concentrations of the biofilms were determined. In another set of experiments, after the last treatment, the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution, and their matrix composition, pH, and inorganic component contents were evaluated. 3% TMPn/F significantly reduced ECM carbohydrate and increased biofilm pH (after sucrose exposure) than other treatments. Also, it significantly increased P and F levels before sucrose exposure in comparison to 3% TMPm/F. In conclusion, 3% TMPn/F affected the biofilm ECM and pH, besides influencing inorganic biofilm composition by increasing P and F levels in the biofilm fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane de Oliveira Zequini Amarante
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Antônio de Morais
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
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Inchingolo AD, Malcangi G, Semjonova A, Inchingolo AM, Patano A, Coloccia G, Ceci S, Marinelli G, Di Pede C, Ciocia AM, Mancini A, Palmieri G, Barile G, Settanni V, De Leonardis N, Rapone B, Piras F, Viapiano F, Cardarelli F, Nucci L, Bordea IR, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Palermo A, Costa S, Tartaglia GM, Corriero A, Brienza N, Di Venere D, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. Oralbiotica/Oralbiotics: The Impact of Oral Microbiota on Dental Health and Demineralization: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1014. [PMID: 35883998 PMCID: PMC9323959 DOI: 10.3390/children9071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays a vital role in the human microbiome and oral health. Imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic disorders such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to investigate the literature evidence of oral microbiota dysbiosis on oral health and discuss current knowledge and emerging mechanisms governing oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis; both have enhanced our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and aided the design of innovative therapeutic approaches as ORALBIOTICA for oral diseases such as demineralization. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBEDDED, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source via EBSCO, APA PsycINFO, APA PsyArticles, and DRUGS@FDA were searched for publications that matched our topic from January 2017 to 22 April 2022, with an English language constraint using the following Boolean keywords: ("microbio*" and "demineralization*") AND ("oral microbiota" and "demineralization"). Twenty-two studies were included for qualitative analysis. As seen by the studies included in this review, the balance of the microbiota is unstable and influenced by oral hygiene, the presence of orthodontic devices in the oral cavity and poor eating habits that can modify its composition and behavior in both positive and negative ways, increasing the development of demineralization, caries processes, and periodontal disease. Under conditions of dysbiosis, favored by an acidic environment, the reproduction of specific bacterial strains increases, favoring cariogenic ones such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium longum, and S. mutans, than S. salivarius and A. viscosus, and increasing of Firmicutes strains to the disadvantage of Bacteroidetes. Microbial balance can be restored by using probiotics and prebiotics to manage and treat oral diseases, as evidenced by mouthwashes or dietary modifications that can influence microbiota balance and prevent or slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexandra Semjonova
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Coloccia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Chiara Di Pede
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Ciocia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Barile
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Nicole De Leonardis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Viapiano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Filippo Cardarelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Implant Dentistry College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B46BN, UK;
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corriero
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
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Zalite V, Lungevics J, Vecstaudza J, Stipniece L, Locs J. Nanosized calcium deficient hydroxyapatites for tooth enamel protection. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1354-1367. [PMID: 34965008 PMCID: PMC9306847 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are extensively studied as additives to dental care products for tooth enamel protection against caries. However, it is not clear yet whether substituted CaP could provide better enamel protection. In this study we produced, characterized and tested in vitro substituted and co‐substituted calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHAp) with Sr2+ and F− ions. X‐ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller were used to characterize synthesized powders and also cytotoxicity was evaluated. pH = f(t) test was performed to estimate, weather synthesized CDHAp suspensions are able to increase pH of experimental media after acid addition. Synthesis products were incorporated into paste to perform in vitro remineralization on the bovine enamel. In addition to mentioned instrumental methods, profilometry was used for evaluation of remineralised enamel samples. The obtained results confirmed formation of CDHAp substituted with 1.5–1.6 wt% of fluoride and 7.4–7.8 wt% of strontium. pH = f(t) experiment pointed out that pH increased by approximately 0.3 within 10 min after acid addition for all CDHAp suspensions. A new layer of the corresponding CDHAp was formed on the enamel. Its thickness increased by 0.8 ± 0.1 μm per day and reached up to 5.8 μm after 7 days. Additionally, octa calcium phosphates were detected on the surface of control samples. In conclusion, we can assume that CDHAp substituted with Sr2+ and/or F− could be used as an effective additive to dental care products promoting formation of protecting layer on the enamel, but there was no significant difference among sample groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Zalite
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Lungevics
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transport and Aeronautics, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Vecstaudza
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Stipniece
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.,Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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7
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Cavazana TP, Pessan JP, Hosida TY, Sampaio C, Amarante VDOZ, Monteiro DR, Delbem ACB. Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Associated or Not with Fluoride, on the Composition and pH of Mixed Biofilms, before and after Exposure to Sucrose. Caries Res 2020; 54:358-368. [PMID: 32998137 DOI: 10.1159/000501262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), associated or not with fluoride (F), on the concentrations of F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) and on the pH of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, before and after exposure to sucrose. The biofilms received three treatments (72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation), at three TMP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, or 1%), with or without F at 500 ppm. Solutions containing 500 and 1,100 ppm F as well as artificial saliva were also tested as controls. Biofilm pH was measured and the concentrations of F, Ca, and P were determined (solid and fluid phases). In a parallel experiment, after the third treatment (96 h), the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution to simulate a cariogenic challenge and the pH of the medium, F, Ca, P, and TMP were determined. The data were submitted by two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher's least significant difference test (p < 0.05). Treatment with TMP and 500 ppm F led to higher F concentration in the biofilm fluid. Although TMP did not affect Ca concentrations, biofilms treated with TMP alone presented higher P concentrations. Treatment with 1% TMP and F led to the highest pH values of the biofilm, both before and after the cariogenic challenge. It was concluded that TMP increases F and P in the biofilm and that its presence promotes an increase in the pH of the medium, even after the cariogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Priscila Cavazana
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thayse Yumi Hosida
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Caio Sampaio
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil,
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8
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Kondo Y, Ito S, Uehara O, Kurashige Y, Fujita Y, Saito T, Saitoh M. Chemical and biological properties of new sealant-use cement materials. Dent Mater 2019; 35:673-685. [PMID: 30871786 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological properties of newly developed bioactive cements, modified such that they are largely composed of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. We investigated whether newly developed bioactive cements have the potential to further protect surrounding hard tissue and enhance remineralization of demineralized tissue by additional ion release. METHODS We developed four types of novel GIC based on Fuji VII, modified with phosphate and fluoride and calcium. Compressive strength tests were performed following JIS T6607 methods. Ion release of calcium, phosphate and fluoride after 24 h storage were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, colorimetry and an ion-specific electrode. Fluoride releases and recharge were measured at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 168 h. Viability was determined by colony-forming units. Inhibitions of biofilm formation and cell proliferation activity were measured. RESULTS The GIC groups showed no significant differences in compressive strength after 1 and 7 days. The rates of fluoride ion release from newly developed GICs were significantly greater than those of Fuji VII, Fuji III and BS. All materials except TM can be recharged with fluoride ions. Compared with the control group, which did not release fluoride ions, all materials showed significantly stronger antibacterial effects. The newly developed GICs and BS showed less biofilm formation than Fuji VII and Fuji III. SIGNIFICANCE Three of four newly developed GICs modified with calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions were found to be superior to other sealant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Dental Education Development, Department of Integrated Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease control & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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9
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Ishiguro T, Mayanagi G, Azumi M, Otani H, Fukushima A, Sasaki K, Takahashi N. Sodium fluoride and silver diamine fluoride-coated tooth surfaces inhibit bacterial acid production at the bacteria/tooth interface. J Dent 2019; 84:30-35. [PMID: 30707994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate whether coating tooth surfaces with sodium fluoride (NaF) or silver diamine fluoride (SDF) inhibits bacteria-induced pH reductions at the bacteria/tooth interface. METHODS Specimens of coronal enamel (CE) or root dentin (RD) were prepared. The surfaces of the specimens were treated with 2% NaF or 38% SDF solution. Some specimens were aged for 1 week after being treated. A tooth specimen was fixed to the bottom of the well of the experimental apparatus. A miniature pH electrode was placed on the specimen and the well was filled with Streptococcus mutans (SM) cells. The pH was monitored after the addition of 0.5% glucose. SM cells were recovered from the wells, and the amounts of lactate, calcium, fluoride, and silver were measured. RESULTS The fluoride-treated tooth specimens exhibited significantly higher pH values than the untreated controls, irrespective of the tooth substrate at 120 min (CE: NaF 4.62 ± 0.06 vs 4.34 ± 0.10 and SDF 5.23 ± 0.29 vs 4.44 ± 0.16, RD: NaF 5.10 ± 0.11 vs 4.54 ± 0.33 and SDF 6.65 ± 0.47 vs 4.64 ± 0.39). The SDF-coated RD specimens released the greatest amounts of fluoride (103.3 ± 48.1 nmol/well) and silver (70.4 ± 36.9 nmol/well), while they exhibited significantly lower lactate production and decalcification (calcium release) than the control samples (lactate: 4.0 ± 0.7 vs 7.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l, calcium: 2.2 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 0.5 μg/ml). This antimicrobial effect was weakened by 1 week's aging, while the acid resistance of the fluoride-treated surfaces seemed to increase with aging. CONCLUSIONS Fluoride-treated tooth surfaces inhibit bacterial acid production at the bacteria/tooth interface. The SDF-coated RD had the strongest inhibitory effect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Coating RD with SDF could help to prevent root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ishiguro
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Mayanagi
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marika Azumi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Otani
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Azusa Fukushima
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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10
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Philip N, Walsh L. The potential ecological effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate in dental caries prevention. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:66-71. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Philip
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - L Walsh
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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11
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Nóbrega DF, Leitão TJ, Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Fluoride Binding to Dental Biofilm Bacteria: Synergistic Effect with Calcium Questioned. Caries Res 2018; 53:10-15. [PMID: 29874637 DOI: 10.1159/000488598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that fluoride binding to dental biofilm is enhanced when more bacterial calcium binding sites are available. However, this was only observed at high calcium and fluoride concentrations (i.e., when CaF2 precipitation may have occurred). We assessed fluoride binding to Streptococcus mutans pellets treated with calcium and fluoride at concentrations allowing CaF2 precipitation or not. Increasing calcium concentration resulted in a linear increase (p < 0.01) in fluoride concentration only in the pellets in which CaF2 precipitated. The results suggest that CaF2 precipitation, rather than bacterially bound fluoride, is responsible for the increase in fluoride binding to dental biofilm with the increase in calcium availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta
- Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, .,School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
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12
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Leitão TJ, Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Kinetics of calcium binding to dental biofilm bacteria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191284. [PMID: 29385163 PMCID: PMC5791987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilm bacteria can bind calcium ions and release them during a pH drop, which could decrease the driving force for dental demineralization (i.e. hydroxyapatite dissolution) occurring at reduced pHs. However, the kinetics of this binding and release is not completely understood. Here we validated a method to evaluate the kinetics of calcium binding and release to/from Streptococcus mutans, and estimated the importance of this reservoir as a source of ions. The kinetics of calcium binding was assessed by measuring the amount of bound calcium in S. mutans Ingbrit 1600 pellets treated with PIPES buffer, pH 7.0, containing 1 or 10 mM Ca; for the release kinetics, bacterial pellets previously treated with 1 mM or 10 mM Ca were exposed to the calcium-free or 1 mM Ca PIPES buffer, pH 7.0, for up to 60 min. Binding and release curves were constructed and parameters of kinetics were calculated. Also, calcium release was assessed by exposing pellets previously treated with calcium to a pH 5.0 buffer for 10 min. Calcium binding to bacteria was concentration-dependent and rapid, with maximum binding reached at 5 min. On the other hand, calcium release was slower, and according to the calculations, would never be complete in the groups pretreated with 10 mM Ca. Decreasing pH from 7.0 to 5.0 caused a release of calcium able to increase the surrounding fluid calcium concentration in 2 mM. The results suggest that dental biofilm bacteria may act as a calcium reservoir, rapidly binding ions from surrounding fluids, releasing them slowly at neutral pH and promptly during a pH drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio Jorge Leitão
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aparecido Cury
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Philip N, Suneja B, Walsh LJ. Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth? Caries Res 2018; 52:153-165. [PMID: 29320767 DOI: 10.1159/000484985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary paradigms of dental caries aetiology focus on the ecology of the dental plaque biofilm and how local environmental factors can modulate this to cause disease. The crucial role that a healthy oral microbiome plays in preventing caries and promoting oral health is also being increasingly recognized. Based on these concepts, several ecological preventive approaches have been developed that could potentially broaden the arsenal of currently available caries-preventive measures. Many of these ecological approaches aim for long-term caries control by either disrupting cariogenic virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability, or include measures that can enhance the growth of health-associated, microbially diverse communities in the oral microbiome. This paper argues for the need to develop ecological preventive measures that go beyond conventional caries-preventive methods, and discusses whether these ecological approaches can be effective in reducing the severity of caries by promoting stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebu Philip
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Cardoso CAB, Levy FM, Peres-Buzalaf C, Buzalaf MAR. Dentifrice pH but not consistency may affect fluoride uptake in plaque. J Dent 2014; 43:219-24. [PMID: 25511300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the ability of acidic fluoridated solutions to enhance fluoride (F) bound on bacteria (1) and the effect of dentifrice consistency on plaque fluid F uptake (2). METHODS (1) Streptococcus mutans isolates were grown in BHI medium (37°C/18h). Bacteria were washed either with EDTA or CaCl2 both at 1mM to remove or add calcium, respectively. Pellets were incubated with 12 mM NaF at pH 4.5 or 7 for 1 min and F was quantified in the lysates and supernatants with the electrode, after HMDS-facilitated diffusion. (2) A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed in three phases with nineteen adults (20-35 years) that used one of the dentifrices: commercial toothpaste (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and conventional viscosity (Sorriso Fresh(®))); experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD) (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and low viscosity [1.1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]) and ELD (1100 ppm F and high viscosity pH7.0 (2.2% CMC)). F concentration in plaque fluid was analyzed using an inverted F electrode. RESULTS (1) Significantly higher F amounts were detected in the lysates of bacteria incubated with NaF solution at pH4.5 compared to the supernatant, which was not seen at pH7.0, being this effect calcium-dependent. (2) Significantly higher F concentrations in plaque fluid were found 1h after toothbrushing compared to 12h, but no significant differences were seen among the toothpastes. CONCLUSIONS F at low pH binds more efficiently to S. mutans than at neutral pH and dentifrice viscosity does not interfere in plaque fluid fluoride incorporation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE pH of the dentifrice but not consistency may be important to F uptake in plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A B Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - F M Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - C Peres-Buzalaf
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru 17011-160, SP, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Kawashima J, Nakajo K, Washio J, Mayanagi G, Shimauchi H, Takahashi N. Fluoride-sensitivity of growth and acid production of oralActinomyces: comparison with oralStreptococcus. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:797-804. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kawashima
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry
| | | | | | - Gen Mayanagi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry
- Research Unit for Interface Oral Health Science; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Aoba-ku Sendai Japan
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