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Hu Z, Wang T. Beyond skin white spots: Vitiligo and associated comorbidities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1072837. [PMID: 36910477 PMCID: PMC9995999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1072837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder of an unknown origin characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes, resulting in typical white macules and patches. However, vitiligo is now recognized as more than just a skin disease, what a dermatologist observes as a white spot of skin is just the "tip of the iceberg" of the condition. We attempt to clarify the classification of comorbidities associated with vitiligo from various reviews and reports, and describe their possible pathogenesis. In conclusion, the literature provides evidence of an association between vitiligo and ocular and auditory abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, other dermatological diseases, metabolic syndrome and related disorders, and psychological diseases. These associations highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing vitiligo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Hu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Li CL, Ma SH, Wu CY, Chang PH, Chang YT, Wu CY. Association Between Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1097-1103. [PMID: 35274365 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disease of the skin due to melanocyte destruction. A shared pathogenesis affecting melanocytes in the cochlea has been postulated. However, the association between vitiligo and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify the association between vitiligo and SNHL. METHODS This retrospective, nationwide cohort study included patients with vitiligo and age-, sex-, and comorbidities-matched controls (propensity score matching; 1:4 ratio) from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013. RESULTS In total, 13048 patients with vitiligo and 52192 controls were included. SNHL developed in 0.61% patients with vitiligo and 0.29% controls. After adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, a significant association between vitiligo and SNHL was found (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.66-2.86). The other risk factors for developing SNHL included increased age, male sex, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and diffuse connective tissue diseases. In subgroup analysis, the association between vitiligo and SNHL remained significant in almost all the subgroups. CONCLUSION A 2.2-fold increased risk of developing SNHL was found in patients with vitiligo. Proper referral to otologists for early screening and closer follow-up of SNHL should be considered for patients with vitiligo, especially for patients with older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Genedy R, Assal S, Gomaa A, Almakkawy B, Elariny A. Ocular and auditory abnormalities in patients with vitiligo: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1058-1066. [PMID: 33763919 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by the destruction of functional melanocytes in the skin. This destruction can target melanocytes anywhere in the body, in turn affecting the function of the organs in which the affected melanocytes reside. Melanocytes in the skin, uveal tract and ear are similar in their physiology and morphology, and share a common embryological origin. AIM To study the association of vitiligo with ocular and auditory abnormalities. METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 40 patients with vitiligo and 20 healthy controls (HCs). All patients and HCs underwent auditory examination (otoscopic examination and immittance audiometry to assess middle ear pressure and exclude tympanic membrane perforation; pure tone audiometry to assess peripheral hearing sensitivity; and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions to assess central hearing ability) and standard ocular examination including visual acuity test, slit lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Compared with controls, there was a significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss and ocular abnormalities in patients with vitiligo but no significant difference in visual acuity. CONCLUSION Vitiligo is a systemic disease that can be associated with impairment of melanocyte function organs other than the skin, including the eyes and ears. The function of auditory melanocytes is related to the hearing process and thus their destruction could lead to hearing impairment. By contrast, ocular melanocytes do not play a direct role in detection or transfer of visual information, and thus should not affect vision. Vitiligo may be associated with ocular abnormalities and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Genedy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S Assal
- Audiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Gomaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B Almakkawy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Elariny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ma SH, Ang MD, Chang YT, Dai YX. Association between vitiligo and hearing loss: A systemic review and metaanalysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:1465-1472. [PMID: 33359081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder caused by the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Some evidence suggests the involvement of melanocytes in the auditory system in the disease process. However, the relationship between vitiligo and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between vitiligo and SNHL. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane database were searched for studies examining the association between SNHL and vitiligo from inception to June 28, 2020. RESULTS A total of 14 case-control studies with 938 patients with vitiligo were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant association of SNHL with vitiligo (odds ratio [OR] 6.02 [95% confidence interval {CI} 3.41-10.62]). The association remained significant after adjustment of study quality and publication bias, with ORs of 5.30 (95% CI 1.53-18.35), and 3.45 (95% CI 1.75-6.81), respectively. LIMITATIONS Heterogenous definition and measurement of hearing loss and racial differences are potential sources of bias. CONCLUSION The evidence to date supports an association of SNHL with vitiligo. These results suggest audiologic assessment for early recognition and management of hearing loss in patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-De Ang
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Xiu Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rahimi H, Mozafari N, Bastaninejad S, Tehranchinia Z, Samani NA. Hearing status in patients with vitiligo. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:445-450. [PMID: 31296994 PMCID: PMC6596346 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s201012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches that result from a progressive loss of functional melanocytes. During embryogenesis, precursor cells of melanocytes (melanoblasts) migrate not only to the epidermis and hair follicles but also to the leptomeninges, uveal tract of the eye, and inner ear. Thus, it has been proposed that these organs may be involved in vitiligo, as well. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of hearing loss by means of audiometry and distortion product otoaucostic emission (DPOAE) in patients with vitiligo. Methods: Fifty-three patients with vitiligo and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this case–control study. After a complete otological examination, comprehensive audiological evaluations including pure tone audiometry (PTA) and DPOAE were performed for all participants and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: Neither PTA nor DPOAE showed significant difference between the two groups in any of the evaluated frequencies (0.75–8 KHz). Furthermore, in patient group, there was no association between PTA/DPOAE and age, gender, duration of the disease, presence of halo nevus, type of vitiligo, extent of involvement, and positive family history of vitiligo. Conclusion: Vitiligo patients have normal hearing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Rahimi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bastaninejad
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tehranchinia
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dahir AM, Thomsen SF. Comorbidities in vitiligo: comprehensive review. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1157-1164. [PMID: 29808541 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common skin disorder characterized by idiopathic, progressive cutaneous hypomelanosis. Vitiligo is associated with several comorbid autoimmune, systemic, and dermatological diseases, primarily thyroid disease, alopecia areata, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, ocular and audiological abnormalities, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. It is essential to increase awareness of these comorbidities in order to improve the disease burden and quality of life of patients with vitiligo. Herein, we review the association with the most frequent comorbidities associated with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M Dahir
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon F Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moghaddam AY, Sayyah M, Fini EA, Talaee R. Investigation the Relationship between Skin Involvement Severity and Hearing Loss Severity in Vitiligo Patients. Mater Sociomed 2018; 30:29-31. [PMID: 29670475 PMCID: PMC5857041 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.29-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmented systemic disorder influencing the entire pigmentary system including Cochlear melanocytes and vestibular system in the inner ear. Vitiligo can leads to social negative impact and poorer quality of life among these patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between skin involvement severity and hearing loss severity among vitiligo patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 98 patients with vitiligo referred to the dermatology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan during 2012-2014. Using Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI), the skin involvement was evaluated by a dermatologist. Then, patients referred to an otolaryngologist, and after otoscopic examination, they underwent audiometric testing including Audiometry, Tympanometry and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR tests. Patients aged 10-50 years old without any other underlying diseases, and after rule out of other causes of depigmentation and leukoderm were included. Patients with congenital hearing impairment and patients with history of ototoxic drugs intake such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin and thiazide were excluded. Results: No significant association was found between severity of Vitiligo with conductive hearing loss. Vitiligo has not been correlated with sensory neural hearing loss. Also, there was no relationship between the duration of clinical manifestations of vitiligo with conductive and sensory neural hearing loss. Conclusions: Our finding showed that there was no relationship between skin involvement severity and hearing loss severity in vitiligo patients. In addition, no relationship was found between the conductive and sensory neural hearing losses with the incidence duration of clinical manifestation and extent of skin involvement of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansour Sayyah
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Alian Fini
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Talaee
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Gunes A, Karakus MF, Telli TA, Gunes NA, Mutlu M. The effect of thyroid autoantibody positivity on the functions of internal ear. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:3853-3858. [PMID: 28821945 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to investigate if any significant difference exists in hearing thresholds and tympanometric examination results among patients whose thyroid antibody positivity was detected approximately 1 year or at least 5 years ago. Study population aged less than 40 years consisted of 17 patients who had thyroid antibody positivities for an average of 1 year (first group), 15 patients who were followed up for at least 5 years for thyroid antibody positivity (second group), and 18 volunteers (third group). Tympanometric examination results, stapes reflex, SRT, SD, and pure tone values were examined. When the second group and the third group were compared, significant results were obtained at hearing frequencies between 500 and 4000 Hz. When the first group and the third group were compared, only at 1000 Hz threshold significant results were obtained. During evaluation of hearing frequencies between 250 and 8000 Hz, significant results were not observed between the second group and the first group. When the first and the second groups were compared with the control group, significant results were obtained as for tympanometric examination findings and significant results were not observed between the second group and the first group. A significant difference was not detected as for the results of stapes reflex. Since thyroid antibody positivity affects the functions of internal ear, these patients should be more closely monitored. Since these effects become deeper in line with increased exposure to autoantibody positivity, variations in auditory responses should be more attentively monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Gunes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Fatih Karakus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Akin Telli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Murad Mutlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Dawoud EAE, Ismail EI, Eltoukhy SAG, El-Sharabasy AES. Assessment of auditory and vestibular functions in vitiligo patients. J Otol 2017; 12:143-149. [PMID: 29937850 PMCID: PMC5963464 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate audiological and vestibular functions via basic audiological evaluation, otoacoustic emissions and videonystagmography (VNG) in vitiligo patients. Material and methods 30 vitiligo patients (8 acrofacial and 22 mixed types) as the study group and 30 normal healthy adults as the control group were included in the study. All participants were submitted to basic audiological evaluation, transient and distortion product otoacoustic emmisions (TEOAEs and DPOAEs), vestibular assessment including history taking, office tests and videonystagmography (VNG) and dermatological assessment to determine type, percent of body surface area involvement and duration of vitiligo. Results This study showed statistically significant difference between control and study groups in pure tone audiometry (PTA) and otoacoustic emissions results. Fifty percent of vitiligo patients had peripheral vestibular disorders (10 vestibular neuritis and 5 posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Conclusion The results in this study showed that 50% of vitiligo patients suffered from peripheral vestibular disorders in addition to auditory affection. Vitiligo patients require routine monitoring for auditory and vestibular functions for early identification and monitoring of changes as the disease progress.
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Hearing loss in vitiligo: current concepts and review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2367-2372. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vitiligo: Pathogenesis, clinical variants and treatment approaches. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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