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Liñán-Barroso JM, Mantrana-Bermejo ME, Durán-Romero AJ, Ortiz-Álvarez J, Monserrat-García MT, Jiménez-Thomas GJ, Conejo-Mir Sánchez J, Bernabéu-Wittel J. Genetic and dermoscopic findings in a case series of children with oculocutaneous albinism. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:1081-1085. [PMID: 37872643 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetic disease caused by disorders in melanin synthesis or distribution. In this descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care pediatric hospital, patients with a clinical diagnosis of OCA and genetic study were retrospectively recruited and underwent dermatological and ophthalmological exam, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and digital dermoscopy. Our findings revealed milder OCA phenotypic expression in individuals harboring single pathogenic mutations in conjunction with polymorphisms, as well as in those with mutations of uncertain significance. Regardless OCA subgroup, severe phenotypes of OCA were associated with a higher number of mutations/polymorphisms in melanin biosynthesis genes and paler dermoscopic patterns, such as vascular pattern, which was the most common pattern in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Ortiz-Álvarez
- Dermatology Department, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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2
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Ravichandran S, Funchain P, Arbesman J. Characterizing melanoma in the setting of oculocutaneous albinism: an analysis of the literature. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2413-2417. [PMID: 35849167 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although it is established that individuals with albinism have increased risks for nonmelanoma skin cancers, melanomas occurring in the setting of albinism are rare. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for individual case reports describing melanoma in individuals with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). All published cases characterizing individuals with albinism and melanoma in the medical literature were gathered to evaluate any epidemiologic or histologic differences from melanomas arising in the general population. Frequencies of melanoma characteristics between the OCA literature cohort and general population were compared using Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals. From 1952 to 2018, at least 64 cases of melanoma in 56 individuals with albinism were reported in the global medical literature. The median age of diagnosis for melanoma in individuals with albinism was 41 years, and the median Breslow depth at diagnosis was 2.0 mm. The subtypes of melanoma were nodular in 33% and superficial spreading in 46% of these cases, respectively. Amelanotic melanomas comprised 65% of the cases in our OCA cohort; however, histologic subtypes were only available for fourteen of the amelanotic cases. Finally, 17% of melanomas in patients with albinism arose from preexisting lesions. Despite their rarity, melanomas arising in oculocutaneous albinism have distinct characteristics from melanomas arising in the general population. Clinicians should consider a differential diagnosis of melanoma for any potential skin malignancies in individuals with albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravichandran
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, 2049 E 100th St., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - P Funchain
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Arbesman
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, 2049 E 100th St., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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3
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Ramos AN, Ramos JGR, Fernandes JD. Prevalence of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in oculocutaneous albinism patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:77-82. [PMID: 34161467 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oculocutaneous albinism describes a group of pigmentary disorders that lead to skin sensitivity and predisposition to skin malignances. AIMS To analyze clinical and epidemiological data in oculocutaneous albinism patients and to determine the prevalence of malignant skin lesions, assessing possible risk factors for skin cancer. METHODS Cross-sectional study evaluating epidemiological data, habits of sun exposure and sun protection, and clinical examination of albino patients followed in a reference dermatology outpatient clinic in Brasil. Our primary outcome was the occurrence of malignant skin lesions in biopsied tissues. RESULTS Of 74 patients analyzed, 11 (15%) had one or more suspicious lesions and were biopsied, of which 8 (72.7%) patients presented with basal cell carcinomas, 7 (63.3%) presented with squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 (9%) presented with melanoma. Moreover, 32(43%) patients presented with actinic keratosis. Age, female gender, previous history of sunburn, history of malignant lesions and history of sun exposure without photoprotection were associated with the presence of malignant lesions. LIMITATIONS Unicentric, non-aleatory sample. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of malignant and pre-malignant lesions in this population. Some potentially modifiable risk factors were associated with the occurrence of malignant skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Nogueira Ramos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brasil
| | | | - Juliana Dumet Fernandes
- Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Departamento de Dermatologia - Salvador (BA), Brasil
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4
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Uyar B, Elmas ÖF, Kilitçi A, Tad M. Dermoscopy of Amelanotic Melanoma in a Patient With Oculocutaneous Albinism. Dermatol Pract Concept 2020; 10:e2020051. [PMID: 32642306 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1003a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belkis Uyar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Elmas
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
| | - Asuman Kilitçi
- Department of Pathology, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Tad
- Department of Pathology, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
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Ramos AN, Fraga‐Braghiroli N, Ramos JGR, Scope A, Fernandes JD. Dermoscopy of naevi in patients with oculocutaneous albinism. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:e196-e199. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Ramos
- Medicine and Health Science Postgraduate Program Federal University of Bahia Bahia Brazil
- Dermatology Department Hospital São Rafael Salvador Brazil
| | - N. Fraga‐Braghiroli
- Dermatology Department, Skin and Cancer Associates Plantation Plantation FL USA
| | | | - A. Scope
- Medical Screening Institute Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Dermatology Service Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA
| | - J. D. Fernandes
- Dermatology Department Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos Federal University of Bahia Bahia Brazil
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6
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Ribero S, Carrera C, Tell-Marti G, Pastorino C, Badenas C, Garcia A, Malvehy J, Puig S. Amelanotic melanoma in oculocutaneous albinism: a genetic, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e333-e335. [PMID: 28555837 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ribero
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Tell-Marti
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pastorino
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,DISSAL, Department of Dermatology, IRCCS-AOU S. Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Garcia
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Peralta R, Sabban EC, Friedman P, Marcucci C, Bollea Garlatti LA, Galimberti G, Cabo H. Proposal for management and dermoscopy follow-up of nevi in patients affected by oculocutaneous albinism type Ia. Dermatol Pract Concept 2017; 7:39-42. [PMID: 28243493 PMCID: PMC5315039 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0701a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Albino patients are at great risk for developing cutaneous neoplasms, including melanomas. In this paper we describe the dermatoscopic findings of nevi in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism type Ia (OCA-Ia) highlighting that they manifest a vascular pattern similar to that described for amelanotic melanoma. We propose managing these patients with dermoscopy, using the comparative approach, digital follow up (DFU), and reflectance confocal microscopy as a complementary tool for difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Cohen Sabban
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "A. Lanari", University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gastón Galimberti
- Dermatology Deparment, School of Medicine, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Cabo
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "A. Lanari", University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Duman N, Ersoy-Evans S. Dermoscopic features of a medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevus in oculocutaneous albinism. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:e107-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Duman
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine; Afyon Kocatepe University; Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - Sibel Ersoy-Evans
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
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De Luca D, Bollea Garlatti L, Galimberti G, Galimberti R. Amelanotic melanoma in albinism: the power of dermatoscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1422-3. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.A. De Luca
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Juan D. Perón 4230 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1199 Argentina
| | - L.A. Bollea Garlatti
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Juan D. Perón 4230 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1199 Argentina
| | - G.N. Galimberti
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Juan D. Perón 4230 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1199 Argentina
| | - R.L. Galimberti
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Juan D. Perón 4230 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1199 Argentina
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