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Skiba SA, Hansen A, McCall R, Byers A, Waldron S, Epping AJ, Taglialatela JP, Hudson ML. Linked OXTR Variants Are Associated with Social Behavior Differences in Bonobos ( Pan paniscus). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573122. [PMID: 38187727 PMCID: PMC10769379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes have been associated with linguistic and social development in humans, as well as to symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studying biobehavioral mechanisms in the species most closely related to humans can provide insights into the origins of human communication, and the impact of genetic variation on complex behavioral phenotypes. Here, we aimed to determine if bonobos (Pan paniscus) exhibit individual variation in FOXP2 and OXTR loci that have been associated with human social development and behavior. Although the ASD-related variants were reported in 13-41% of the human population, we did not find variation at these loci in our sample of 13 bonobos. However, we did identify a novel variant in bonobo FOXP2, as well as four novel variants in bonobo OXTR that were 17-184 base pairs from the human ASD variants. We also found the same linked, homozygous allelic combination across the 4 novel OXTR SNPs (homozygous TGTC) in 6 of the 13 bonobos, indicating that this combination may be under positive selection. When comparing the combined OXTR genotypes, we found significant group differences in social behavior; bonobos with zero copies of the TGTC combination were less social than bonobos with one copy of the TGTC combination. Taken together, our findings suggest that these OXTR variants may influence individual-level social behavior in bonobos and support the notion that linked genetic variants are promising risk factors for social communication deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Skiba
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative (Ape Initiative), Des Moines, IA
| | - Alek Hansen
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Ryan McCall
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Azeeza Byers
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw, GA
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Sarah Waldron
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Amanda J. Epping
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative (Ape Initiative), Des Moines, IA
| | - Jared P. Taglialatela
- Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative (Ape Initiative), Des Moines, IA
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Martin L. Hudson
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw, GA
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Castellini G, Merola GP, Baccaredda Boy O, Pecoraro V, Bozza B, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Bessi V, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Ricca V. Emotional dysregulation, alexithymia and neuroticism: a systematic review on the genetic basis of a subset of psychological traits. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:79-101. [PMID: 36729042 PMCID: PMC10158611 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism, alexithymia and emotion dysregulation are key traits and known risk factors for several psychiatric conditions. In this systematic review, the aim is to evaluate the genetic contribution to these psychological phenotypes. A systematic review of articles found in PubMed was conducted. Search terms included 'genetic', 'GWAS', 'neuroticism', 'alexithymia' and 'emotion dysregulation'. Risk of bias was assessed utilizing the STREGA checklist. Two hundred two papers were selected from existing literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, 27 were genome-wide studies and 175 were genetic association studies. Single gene association studies focused on selected groups of genes, mostly involved in neurotransmission, with conflicting results. GWAS studies on neuroticism, on the other hand, found several relevant and replicated intergenic and intronic loci affecting the expression and regulation of crucial and well-known genes (such as DRD2 and CRHR1). Mutations in genes coding for trascriptional factors were also found to be associated with neuroticism (DCC, XKR6, TCF4, RBFOX1), as well as a noncoding regulatory RNA (LINC00461). On the other hand, little GWAS data are available on alexythima and emotional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Bessi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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3
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Chong A, Tolomeo S, Xiong Y, Angeles D, Cheung M, Becker B, Lai PS, Lei Z, Malavasi F, Tang Q, Chew SH, Ebstein RP. Blending oxytocin and dopamine with everyday creativity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16185. [PMID: 34376746 PMCID: PMC8355306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT) is associated with creative thinking (CT) and that release of OT depends on ADP ribosyl-cyclases (CD38 and CD157). Neural mechanisms of CT and OT show a strong association with dopaminergic (DA) pathways, yet the link between CT and CD38, CD157, dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) peripheral gene expression remain inconclusive, thus limiting our understanding of the neurobiology of CT. To address this issue, two principal domains of CT, divergent thinking (AUT), were assessed. In men, both AUT is associated with gene expression of CD38, CD157, and their interaction CD38 × CD157. There were no significant associations for DA expression (DRD2, COMT, DRD2 × COMT) on both CT measures. However, analysis of the interactions of OT and DA systems reveal significant interactions for AUT in men. The full model explained a sizable 39% of the variance in females for the total CT score. The current findings suggest that OT and DA gene expression contributed significantly to cognition and CT phenotype. This provides the first empirical foundation of a more refined understanding of the molecular landscape of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dario Angeles
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mike Cheung
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Becker
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Poh San Lai
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Lei
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- CCBEF (China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China.
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Davis C, Zai CC, Adams N, Bonder R, Kennedy JL. Oxytocin and its association with reward-based personality traits: A multilocus genetic profile (MLGP) approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chong A, Chew SH, Lai PS, Ebstein RP, Gouin JP. The role of the Oxytocin-Neurophysin I gene in contributing to human personality traits promoting sociality. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 136:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kovács K, Virányi Z, Kis A, Turcsán B, Hudecz Á, Marmota MT, Koller D, Rónai Z, Gácsi M, Topál J. Dog-Owner Attachment Is Associated With Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Both Parties. A Comparative Study on Austrian and Hungarian Border Collies. Front Psychol 2018; 9:435. [PMID: 29674985 PMCID: PMC5895926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in human infants' attachment behavior are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene, suggesting a genetic component to infant-mother attachment. However, due to the genetic relatedness of infants and their mothers, it is difficult to separate the genetic effects of infants' OXTR genotype from the environmental effects of mothers' genotype possibly affecting their parental behavior. The apparent functional analogy between child-parent and dog-owner relationship, however, offers a way to disentangle the effects of these factors because pet dogs are not genetically related to their caregivers. In the present study we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of pet dogs' OXTR gene (-213AG,-94TC,-74CG) and their owners' OXTR gene (rs53576, rs1042778, rs2254298) are associated with components of dog-owner attachment. In order to investigate whether social-environmental effects modulate the potential genetic influence on attachment, dogs and their owners from two different countries (Austria and Hungary, N = 135 in total) were tested in a modified version of the Ainsworth Strange Situation Test (SST) and questionnaires were also used to collect information about owner personality and attachment style. We coded variables related to three components of attachment behavior in dogs: their sensitivity to the separation from and interaction with the owner (Attachment), stress caused by the unfamiliar environment (Anxiety), and their responsiveness to the stranger (Acceptance). We found that (1) dogs' behavior was significantly associated with polymorphisms in both dogs' and owners' OXTR gene, (2) SNPs in dogs' and owners' OXTR gene interactively influenced dog-human relationship, (3) dogs' attachment behavior was affected by the country of origin, and (4) it was related to their owners' personality as well as attachment style. Thus, the present study provides evidence, for the first time, that both genetic variation in the OXTR gene and various aspects of pet dogs' environmental background are associated with their attachment to their human caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kovács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Comparative Cognition & Wolf Science Center, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Kis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Turcsán
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hudecz
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria T Marmota
- Comparative Cognition & Wolf Science Center, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dóra Koller
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Topál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene and overeating: the intermediary role of endophenotypic risk factors. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e279. [PMID: 28530679 PMCID: PMC5518806 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Oxytocin (OXT) is an evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide with strong links to affiliative and prosocial behaviors, and the management of stress. Increases in OXT also tend to decrease food intake, especially of sweet carbohydrates. The social correlates of low OXT levels mesh with the social deficits and stress proneness identified in interpersonal models of overeating, as well as the increased appetite for highly palatable foods typically seen in chronic overeaters. The objectives of this study were to investigate links between polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and overeating, and to examine OXTR links with relevant endophenotypes of overeating related to reward and stress sensitivity, and to food preferences. Subject/Methods: The sample comprised 460 adults between the ages of 25 and 50 years recruited from the community, and representing a broad range of body weights. Overeating, reward and punishment sensitivity, and food preferences, were quantified as composite variables using well-validated questionnaires. In addition, seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs237878, rs237885, rs2268493, rs2268494, rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268498) of the OXTR gene were genotyped. Results: Analyses identified a four-marker haplotype that was significantly related to food preferences. Individual genotype analyses also found that at least one of the markers was related to each of the phenotypic variables. In addition, an empirically derived structural equation model linking genetic and phenotype variables produced a good fit to the data. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study have demonstrated that OXTR variation is associated with overeating, and with endophenotypic traits such as sweet and fatty food preferences, and reward and punishment sensitivity. In general, the genetic findings also favor the view that overeating may be associated with relatively low basal OXT levels.
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8
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Chong A, Malavasi F, Israel S, Khor CC, Yap VB, Monakhov M, Chew SH, Lai PS, Ebstein RP. ADP ribosyl-cyclases (CD38/CD157), social skills and friendship. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:185-192. [PMID: 28212520 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Why some individuals seek social engagement while others shy away has profound implications for normal and pathological human behavior. Evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT), the paramount human social hormone, and CD38 that governs OT release, contribute to individual differences in social skills from intense social involvement to extreme avoidance that characterize autism. To explore the neurochemical underpinnings of sociality, CD38 expression of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was measured in Han Chinese undergraduates. First, CD38 mRNA levels were correlated with lower Autism Quotient (AQ), indicating enhanced social skills. AQ assesses the extent of autistic-like traits including the propensity and dexterity needed for successful social engagement in the general population. Second, three CD157 eQTL SNPs in the CD38/CD157 gene region were associated with CD38 expression. CD157 is a paralogue of CD38 and is contiguous with it on chromosome 4p15. Third, association was also observed between the CD157 eQTL SNPs, CD38 expression and AQ. In the full model, CD38 expression and CD157 eQTL SNPs altogether account for a substantial 14% of the variance in sociality. Fourth, functionality of CD157 eQTL SNPs was suggested by a significant association with plasma oxytocin immunoreactivity products. Fifth, the ecological validity of these findings was demonstrated with subjects with higher PBL CD38 expression having more friends, especially for males. Furthermore, CD157 sequence variation predicts scores on the Friendship questionnaire. To summarize, this study by uniquely leveraging various measures reveals salient elements contributing to nonkin sociality and friendship, revealing a likely pathway underpinning the transition from normality to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chong
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore.
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Von Bing Yap
- Dept. of Statistics & Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Mikhail Monakhov
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- Dept. of Economics, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Dept. of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, S119228, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- Dept. of Psychology, National University of Singapore, S117570, Singapore.
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9
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Wilson VAD, Weiss A, Humle T, Morimura N, Udono T, Idani G, Matsuzawa T, Hirata S, Inoue-Murayama M. Chimpanzee Personality and the Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1A Genotype. Behav Genet 2016; 47:215-226. [PMID: 27804047 PMCID: PMC5306277 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) gene have been linked to various measures related to human social behavior, including sibling conflict and agreeableness. In chimpanzees, AVPR1a polymorphisms have been associated with traits important for social interactions, including sociability, joint attention, dominance, conscientiousness, and hierarchical personality dimensions named low alpha/stability, disinhibition, and negative emotionality/low dominance. We examined associations between AVPR1a and six personality domains and hierarchical personality dimensions in 129 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in Japan or in a sanctuary in Guinea. We fit three linear and three animal models. The first model included genotype, the second included sex and genotype, and the third included genotype, sex, and sex × genotype. All personality phenotypes were heritable. Chimpanzees possessing the long form of the allele were higher in conscientiousness, but only in models that did not include the other predictors; however, additional analyses suggested that this may have been a consequence of study design. In animal models that included sex and sex × genotype, chimpanzees homozygous for the short form of the allele were higher in extraversion. Taken with the findings of previous studies of chimpanzees and humans, the findings related to conscientiousness suggest that AVPR1a may be related to lower levels of impulsive aggression. The direction of the association between AVPR1a genotype and extraversion ran counter to what one would expect if AVPR1a was related to social behaviors. These results help us further understand the genetic basis of personality in chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A D Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.,Cognitive Ethology, German Primate Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Leibniz-ScienceCampus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Weiss
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - T Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - N Morimura
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Udono
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - G Idani
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Matsuzawa
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Japan
| | - S Hirata
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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De Dreu CKW, Baas M, Boot NC. Oxytocin enables novelty seeking and creative performance through upregulated approach: evidence and avenues for future research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2015; 6:409-17. [PMID: 26267407 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is an evolutionary ancient hypothalamic neuropeptide well known for its role in reproduction, social bonding, and group affiliation. Recent work has linked oxytocin in humans to creative cognition--the ability to produce insights, ideas, and problem solutions that are original and potentially useful. Here we review this literature, focusing on the relationship between (1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene; endogenous oxytocin from blood plasma, and intranasal administration of oxytocin (vs placebo), and (2) creativity-related traits (e.g., novelty seeking, extraversion, and openness to experience), and behaviors (e.g., exploration, divergent thinking, original ideation, and problem solving). Findings are interpreted in the context of the dual pathway to creativity model and except for OXTR: (1) reveal a weak to moderate but consistent association between oxytocin and creativity, which emerges because (2) oxytocin enables the cognitive flexibility pathway more than persistent information processing. Findings can be best understood in terms of oxytocin's putative effects on dopaminergic activity and concomitant approach tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten K W De Dreu
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie C Boot
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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