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Ghoneim AM, Mansour SM. The Effect of Liver and Kidney Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Sildenafil: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1469-1479. [PMID: 32341640 PMCID: PMC7166056 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s246229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling permits clinical scientists to reduce practical constraints for clinical trials on patients with special diseases. In this study, simulations were carried out to validate the pharmacokinetic parameters of clozapine and sildenafil using Simcyp® simulator in young male adults and compare the effect of renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetic parameters of clozapine and sildenafil. Also, the effect of age on pharmacokinetic parameters of both drugs was investigated in healthy population and in patients with renal and hepatic impairment. Methods A full PBPK model was built in the simulator for clozapine and sildenafil based on physicochemical properties and observed clinical results. The model used was Advanced, Dissolution, Absorption and Metabolism (ADAM) for both drugs. Results The PBPK model adequately predicted the pharmacokinetic parameters of clozapine and sildenafil for the healthy adult population. In the simulation results, the bioavailability of both drugs was remarkably raised in both renal and hepatic impairment in young and elderly populations. Conclusion PBPK modeling could be helpful in the investigation and comparison of the pharmacokinetics in populations with specific disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan M Mansour
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Yin H, Galfalvy H, Zhang B, Tang W, Xin Q, Li E, Xue X, Li Q, Ye J, Yan N, Mann JJ. Interactions of the GABRG2 polymorphisms and childhood trauma on suicide attempt and related traits in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:447-455. [PMID: 32056912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that the longest variant of the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit (GABRG2) was associated with suicidal behavior. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether polymorphisms near the alternatively spliced exon of GABRG2 are associated with suicide attempt (SA) and its related traits, and how these variants might interact with reported childhood trauma (CT) in their association with suicidal behavior. METHODS We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2. Subjects were suicide Attempters (N = 94), non-suicide attempters (N = 168) with MDD or Bipolar depression, and healthy volunteers (N = 100). Data on demographics, depression severity and suicide attempts were collected. Participants also completed a set of instruments assessing CT, and lifetime aggression and impulsivity.. GABRG2 polymorphisms were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Allele A of rs211034 was a protective factor for SA (OR = 0.50 (0.32, 0.80), p = 0.003), and had an interaction effect with emotional neglect (OR = 0.89 (0.82, 0.97), p = 0.006) on depression. One haploblock (consisting of rs211035 and rs211034) was identified within these SNPs, and subjects with haplotype GA (frequency = 7.3%), had lower rate of SA (OR=0.26(0.10, 0.67), p = 0.006). Cognitive impulsivity (OR=1.38)1.24,1.55), p < 0.001), non-planning impulsivity (OR = 1.18 (1.10,1.25), p < 0.001), anger (OR = 1.13 (1.07,1.19), p < 0.001), impulsivity total score (OR = 1.10(1.06,1.15), p < 0.001), hostility (OR = 1.10 (1.04, 1.15), p < 0.001), aggression total score (OR = 1.05 (1.03,1.07), p < 0.001) were associated with depression, meanwhile, hopelessness (OR = 2.18 (1.56, 3.04), p < 0.001) and impulsivity total score (OR = 1.05 (1.02,1.08), p < 0.001) were associated with the risk of SA, adjusted by age and gender. There was no mediation effect in the relationship among CT, gene polymorphisms and SA or depression through increased impulsivity or aggression. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is its modest sample size. More genetic variants as well as epigenetic markers should be examined in future studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to evidence for the involvement of GABRG2 and impulsivity and hopelessness in SA independent from their association with depression. More research is needed on possible mediators of the relationship between GABA-related gene and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qianqian Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qiyang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Junping Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Determining population stratification and subgroup effects in association studies of rare genetic variants for nicotine dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 29:111-119. [PMID: 31033776 PMCID: PMC6636808 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1% or 5 %) can help researchers to deal with the confounding issue of ‘missing heritability’ and have a proven role in dissecting the etiology for human diseases and complex traits. Methods We extended the combined multivariate and collapsing (CMC) and weighted sum statistic (WSS) methods and accounted for the effects of population stratification and subgroup effects using stratified analyses by the principal component analysis, named here as ‘str-CMC’ and ‘str-WSS’. To evaluate the validity of the extended methods, we analyzed the Genetic Architecture of Smoking and Smoking Cessation database, which includes African Americans and European Americans genotyped on Illumina Human Omni2.5, and we compared the results with those obtained with the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and its modification, SKAT-O that included population stratification and subgroup effect as covariates. We utilized the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test to check for possible differences in single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency between subgroups within a gene. We aimed to detect rare variants and considered population stratification and subgroup effects in the genomic region containing 39 acetylcholine receptor-related genes. Results The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test as applied to GABRG2 (P = 0.001) was significant. However, GABRG2 was detected both by str-CMC (P= 8.04E-06) and str-WSS (P= 0.046) in African Americans but not by SKAT or SKAT-O. Conclusions Our results imply that if associated rare variants are only specific to a subgroup, a stratified analysis might be a better approach than a combined analysis.
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Chen Q, Zhang F, Qu K, Hanif Q, Shen J, Jia P, Ning Q, Zhan J, Zhang J, Chen N, Chen H, Huang B, Lei C. Genome-wide association study identifies genomic loci associated with flight reaction in cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:477-485. [PMID: 31828846 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lower flight reaction is closely related to higher production in cattle, but the genetic basis of lower flight reaction is not clearly understood. Here, we sampled a total of 45 Brahman cattles and 166 Yunling cattles with flight distance (FD), and 73 Brahman cattles and 288 Yunling cattles with crush score (CS) and flight speed (FS), whereas there were 45 Brahman cattles and 161 Yunling cattles with all three traits. The FD, CS and FS in Brahman cattle were significantly lower than those in Yunling cattle. The flight reaction traits had negative correlation with conformational traits (e.g., body weight, withers height and body length). Based on SNPs derived from a subset of 162 whole genomes (25 Brahman genomes and 100 Yunling genomes with FD, 30 Brahman and 131 Yunling genomes with CS and FS), genome-wide association study with mixed linear model was performed to test potential associations between flight reaction traits and genomic variants. We identified five, two and two genomic loci suggestively associated with FD, CS and FS, respectively. Five out of five candidate genes for FD (LOC789753, LRP6, CTIF, SLC9A9 and ZEB1) were reported to be related to Alzheimer's disease representing cognitive impairment in human, which was consistent with the finding that cognitive-behavioural intervention decreased the FD of cows to human. In CS, a very strong association locus was assigned to CDH8, a cadherin involved in synaptic adhesion, axon outgrowth and guidance, whose deletion was associated with autism spectrum disorder. In FS, a very strong association locus was assigned to GABRG2, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain) receptor, whose polymorphisms were associated with suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia patients. Our findings will provide targets for molecular-marker selection and genetic manipulation of cattle improvement to meeting the growing demand for lower flight reaction to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiafei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingqing Ning
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingxi Zhan
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ishiguro H, Miyake K, Tabata K, Mochizuki C, Sakurai T, Onaivi ES. Neuronal cell adhesion molecule regulating neural systems underlying addiction. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 39:10-16. [PMID: 30549257 PMCID: PMC7292301 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The human NRCAM gene is associated with polysubstance use. Nrcam knockout mice do not acquire a preference for addictive substances. We aimed to elucidate the role of Nrcam in specific neural circuits underlying congenital preference for substances and the acquisition of addiction. Methods We analyzed gene expression patterns of neural molecules to find a common addiction pathway dependent on Nrcam function. We examined monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems in the brains of Nrcam knockout mice following treatment with methamphetamine (METH) or saline (SAL) using micro‐array gene expression analysis, which was replicated using TaqMan gene expression analysis. To find a common addiction pathway, we examined similarities and differences between the expression patterns of molecules in METH‐treated mice and in Nrcam knockout mice treated with cocaine (COC). Results Glutaminase expression in brain was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice after METH and COC treatment, consistent with our previous study. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expression was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice that received either METH or COC treatment. Several other molecules could act in independent addiction pathways involving METH or COC. We also found that GABA receptor subunit g2 expression was reduced in Nrcam heterozygous mice that underwent SAL treatment, and that METH treatment attenuated this reduction. Conclusion Nrcam differentially regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic molecules in naive brains and in brains of animals with acquired addiction. Elucidating the complex neural mechanisms underlying polysubstance use will uncover biological features of addiction and may contribute to the development of effective pharmaceutical treatments. The human/mice NRCAM is involved in specific neural circuits underlying congenital preference for substances and the acquisition of addiction. Mice Nrcam differentially regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic molecules in naive brains and in brains of animals with acquired addiction. Elucidating the complex neural mechanisms underlying polysubstance use will uncover biological features of addiction and may contribute to the development of effective pharmaceutical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishiguro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mochizuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Ethics, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | | | - Emmanuel S Onaivi
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey
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Abstract
The risk of suicide is greatly increased in individuals with schizophrenia. Previous research has identified several potential risk factors for suicidal behavior in schizophrenia, although their ability to independently predict suicide is limited. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze and identify the interaction between the proposed risk factors in the literature that may predict suicidal behavior in schizophrenia. Articles that explored suicidal behavior and suicide risk in schizophrenia that were published between 1980 and August of 2015, indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were systematically reviewed. Many studies proposed a range of biopsychosocial risk factors that may independently lead to suicide in schizophrenia. These risk factors appear to be mainly related to stress, a history of suicidal behavior, and psychotic symptoms. It is clear, however, that many of these factors do not act independently and in fact require the reciprocal interaction of several of them to pose a risk for suicide in schizophrenia. Independently, the power of many risk factors to predict suicide is limited. Future studies should continue to adopt a multidimensional approach by considering the interaction of several factors in assessing the risk for suicide in schizophrenia.
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Orts-Del'Immagine A, Pugh JR. Activity-dependent plasticity of presynaptic GABA B receptors at parallel fiber synapses. Synapse 2018; 72:e22027. [PMID: 29360168 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parallel fiber synapses in the cerebellum express a wide range of presynaptic receptors. However, presynaptic receptor expression at individual parallel fiber synapses is quite heterogeneous, suggesting physiological mechanisms regulate presynaptic receptor expression. We investigated changes in presynaptic GABAB receptors at parallel fiber-stellate cell synapses in acute cerebellar slices from juvenile mice. GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) is remarkably diverse at these synapses, with transmitter release at some synapses inhibited by >50% and little or no inhibition at others. GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition was significantly reduced following 4 Hz parallel fiber stimulation but not after stimulation at other frequencies. The reduction in GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition was replicated by bath application of forskolin and blocked by application of a PKA inhibitor, suggesting activation of adenylyl cyclase and PKA are required. Immunolabeling for an extracellular domain of the GABAB2 subunit revealed reduced surface expression in the molecular layer after exposure to forskolin. GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition of action potential evoked calcium transients in parallel fiber varicosities was also reduced following bath application of forskolin, confirming presynaptic receptors are responsible for the reduced EPSC inhibition. These data demonstrate that presynaptic GABAB receptor expression can be a plastic property of synapses, which may compliment other forms of synaptic plasticity. This opens the door to novel forms of receptor plasticity previously confined primarily to postsynaptic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Orts-Del'Immagine
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
| | - Jason R Pugh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rising suicide rate in the USA will not be reversed without improved risk assessment and prevention practices. To date, the best method for clinicians to assess a patient's risk for suicide is screening for past suicide attempts in the patient and their family. However, neuroimaging, genomic, and biochemical studies have generated a body of findings that allow description of an initial heuristic biological model for suicidal behavior that may have predictive value. RECENT FINDINGS We review studies from the past 3 years examining potential biological predictors of suicide attempt behavior. We divide findings into two major categories: (1) structural and functional brain imaging findings and (2) biochemical and genomic findings encompassing several systems, including major neurotransmitters (serotonin, catecholamines, GABA, and glutamate), the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the inflammasome, lipids, and neuroplasticity. The biomarkers that appear promising for assessing suicide risk in clinical settings include indices of serotonergic function, inflammation, neuronal plasticity, and lipids.
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Puthiyedth N, Riveros C, Berretta R, Moscato P. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes through Integrated Study of Alzheimer's Disease Affected Brain Regions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152342. [PMID: 27050411 PMCID: PMC4822961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults that damages the brain and results in impaired memory, thinking and behaviour. The identification of differentially expressed genes and related pathways among affected brain regions can provide more information on the mechanisms of AD. In the past decade, several studies have reported many genes that are associated with AD. This wealth of information has become difficult to follow and interpret as most of the results are conflicting. In that case, it is worth doing an integrated study of multiple datasets that helps to increase the total number of samples and the statistical power in detecting biomarkers. In this study, we present an integrated analysis of five different brain region datasets and introduce new genes that warrant further investigation. Methods The aim of our study is to apply a novel combinatorial optimisation based meta-analysis approach to identify differentially expressed genes that are associated to AD across brain regions. In this study, microarray gene expression data from 161 samples (74 non-demented controls, 87 AD) from the Entorhinal Cortex (EC), Hippocampus (HIP), Middle temporal gyrus (MTG), Posterior cingulate cortex (PC), Superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and visual cortex (VCX) brain regions were integrated and analysed using our method. The results are then compared to two popular meta-analysis methods, RankProd and GeneMeta, and to what can be obtained by analysing the individual datasets. Results We find genes related with AD that are consistent with existing studies, and new candidate genes not previously related with AD. Our study confirms the up-regualtion of INFAR2 and PTMA along with the down regulation of GPHN, RAB2A, PSMD14 and FGF. Novel genes PSMB2, WNK1, RPL15, SEMA4C, RWDD2A and LARGE are found to be differentially expressed across all brain regions. Further investigation on these genes may provide new insights into the development of AD. In addition, we identified the presence of 23 non-coding features, including four miRNA precursors (miR-7, miR570, miR-1229 and miR-6821), dysregulated across the brain regions. Furthermore, we compared our results with two popular meta-analysis methods RankProd and GeneMeta to validate our findings and performed a sensitivity analysis by removing one dataset at a time to assess the robustness of our results. These new findings may provide new insights into the disease mechanisms and thus make a significant contribution in the near future towards understanding, prevention and cure of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Puthiyedth
- Information Based Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW, Australia
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Clinical Research Design, Information Technology and Statistics Suport Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Information Based Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW, Australia
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Information Based Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights NSW, Australia
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Yin H, Pantazatos SP, Galfalvy H, Huang YY, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Burke A, Arango V, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ. A pilot integrative genomics study of GABA and glutamate neurotransmitter systems in suicide, suicidal behavior, and major depressive disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:414-426. [PMID: 26892569 PMCID: PMC4851346 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system, respectively, and have been associated with suicidal behavior and major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined the relationship between genotype, brain transcriptome, and MDD/suicide for 24 genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling. In part 1 of the study, 119 candidate SNPs in 24 genes (4 transporters, 4 enzymes, and 16 receptors) were tested for associations with MDD and suicidal behavior in 276 live participants (86 nonfatal suicide attempters with MDD and 190 non-attempters of whom 70% had MDD) and 209 postmortem cases (121 suicide deaths of whom 62% had MDD and 88 sudden death from other causes of whom 11% had MDD) using logistic regression adjusting for sex and age. In part 2, RNA-seq was used to assay isoform-level expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 59 postmortem samples (21 with MDD and suicide, 9 MDD without suicide, and 29 sudden death non-suicides and no psychiatric illness) using robust regression adjusting for sex, age, and RIN score. In part 3, SNPs with subthreshold (uncorrected) significance levels below 0.05 for an association with suicidal behavior and/or MDD in part 1 were tested for eQTL effects in prefrontal cortex using the Brain eQTL Almanac (www.braineac.org). No SNPs or transcripts were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. However, a protein coding transcript (ENST00000414552) of the GABA A receptor, gamma 2 (GABRG2) had lower brain expression postmortem in suicide (P = 0.01) and evidence for association with suicide death (P = 0.03) in a SNP that may be an eQTL in prefrontal cortex (rs424740, P = 0.02). These preliminary results implicate GABRG2 in suicide and warrant further investigation and replication in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yung-yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Gorazd B. Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Andrew J. Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ainsley Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - John J. Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, Correspondence to: John J. Mann, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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