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Kobayashi T, Ueda S, Takagi M, Kihara M, Suzuki Y. Pathophysiological roles of ADMA-mediated endothelial injury in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH IN PREGNANCY 2020. [DOI: 10.14390/jsshp.hrp2019-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Miyuki Takagi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masao Kihara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
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Asymmetric dimethylarginine is not a marker of arterial damage in children with glomerular kidney diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:370-379. [PMID: 32140048 PMCID: PMC7050061 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, correlates with cardiovascular risk especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of our study was to establish significance of ADMA as a biomarker of arterial damage in children with glomerulopathies. Material and methods In 80 children with glomerulopathies (mean age, 11.33 ±4.25 years; 42 with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [INS], 38 with IgA or Henoch-Schoenlein nephropathy [IgAN/HSN]), we analyzed serum ADMA [nmol/ml], peripheral and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness (augmentation index – AIx75HR, pulse wave velocity – PWV), common carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), and selected clinical and biochemical parameters. Results In the study group, mean ADMA concentration was 1.66 ±1.19 [nmol/ml] and did not differ between INS and IgAN/HSN patients. We found no significant correlations between concentration of ADMA, cIMT [mm]/Z-score, PWV [m/s]/Z-score, and AIx75HR [%] in the whole group and in INS and IgAN/HSN patients. In the whole group of 80 children, ADMA correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-score (r = –0.24), uric acid (r = –0.23), HDL-cholesterol (r = –0.25), and central mean arterial pressure (r = –0.25), in children with INS also with total protein (r = 0.37), albumin (r = 0.36), and total cholesterol (r = –0.40, p = 0.028). In multivariate analysis, serum albumin was the strongest determinant of ADMA in the whole group (β = 0.536, 95% CI: 0.013-1.060, p = 0.045). Conclusions 1. In children with glomerulonephritis, measurement of asymmetric dimethylarginine cannot replace well established and validated methods of assessment of subclinical arterial damage. 2. In children with glomerular kidney diseases, ADMA concentration is related primarily to serum albumin concentration.
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Li M, Wang A, Quek LE, Vernon S, Figtree GA, Yang J, O'Sullivan JF. Metabolites downstream of predicted loss-of-function variants inform relationship to disease. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:476-482. [PMID: 31679996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A small minority (< 3%) of protein-coding genetic variants are predicted to lead to loss of protein function. However, these predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants can provide insight into mode of transcriptional effect. To examine how these changes are propagated to phenotype, we determined associations with downstream metabolites. We performed association analyses of 37 pLOF variants - previously reported to be significantly associated with disease in >400,000 subjects in UK Biobank - with metabolites. We conducted these analyses in three community-based cohorts: the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort, FHS Generation 3, and the KORA F4 cohort. We identified 19 new low-frequency or rare (minor allele frequency (MAF) <5%) pLOF variant-metabolite associations, and 12 new common (MAF > 5%) pLOF variant-metabolite associations. Rare pLOF variants in the genes BTN3A2, ENPEP, and GEM that have been associated with blood pressure in UK Biobank, were associated with vasoactive metabolites indoxyl sulfate, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and with niacinamide, respectively. A common pLOF variant in gene CCHCR1, associated with asthma in UK Biobank, was associated with histamine and niacinamide in FHS Generation 3, both reported to play a role in this disease. Common variants in olfactory receptor gene OX4C11 that associated with blood pressure in UK Biobank were associated with the nicotine metabolite cotinine, suggesting an interaction between altered olfaction, smoking behaviour, and blood pressure. These findings provide biological validity for pLOF variant-disease associations, and point to the effector roles of common metabolites. Such an approach may provide novel disease markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbo Li
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Andy Wang
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen Vernon
- The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; The University of Sydney, Kolling Research Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; The University of Sydney, Kolling Research Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Jean Yang
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; The University of Sydney, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; The University of Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Shi X, Guan Y, Jiang S, Li T, Sun B, Cheng H. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor attenuates oxidative stress induced human coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:152-164. [PMID: 30697266 PMCID: PMC6348342 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.74026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin-angiotensin system is associated with blood pressure regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. It can decrease intracellular oxidative stress. Stimulation with H2O2 leads to increased oxidative stress and activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. However, the role of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and H2O2-induced AKT activation remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used. The cells were treated with H2O2, captopril, the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, and the AKT activator SC79, either separately, or in combination. p53 and ICAM-1 expression, and p-eNOS, p-Akt and mTOR activation were measured by Western blot. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed by flow cytometry. Proliferation was monitored by BrdU labeling, while cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS The renin-angiotensin system inhibitor captopril reversed H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HCAECs. Co-treatment with captopril and the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 reduced the H2O2-induced P53 and ICAM-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). The proliferation, migration and invasion of HCAECs were significantly enhanced by co-treatment with captopril and MK-2206 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the protective effect of captopril against H2O2-induced endothelial cell dysfunction through the AKT/mTOR pathway, and its enhancement of cell survival. These findings provide new insights into the protective effects of captopril and novel therapeutic approaches to treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Shi
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qindao University, Qindao, Shaodong, China
| | - Yuhua Guan
- Department of Neurology, the BaZhou People’s Hospital of XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qindao University, Qindao, Shaodong, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qindao University, Qindao, Shaodong, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qindao University, Qindao, Shaodong, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the BaZhou People’s Hospital of XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Takahashi K, Ueda S, Kobayashi T, Nishiyama A, Fujisawa Y, Sugaya T, Shiota S, Takahashi K, Gohda T, Horikoshi S, Suzuki Y. Chronic intermittent hypoxia-mediated renal sympathetic nerve activation in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17926. [PMID: 30560943 PMCID: PMC6298987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is believed to activate the sympathetic nerve system, and is thus involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, since patients with SAS are often already obese, and have diabetes and/or hypertension (HT), the effects of CIH alone on sympathetic nerve activation and its impacts on CVD are largely unknown. We, therefore, examined the effects of CIH on sympathetic nerve activation in non-obese mice to determine whether renal sympathetic nerve denervation (RD) could ameliorate CIH-mediated cardiovascular effects. Male C57BL/6 (WT) mice were exposed to normal (FiO2 21%) or CIH (10% O2, 12 times/h, 8 h/day) conditions for 4 weeks with or without RD treatment. Increased urinary norepinephrine (NE), 8-OHdG, and angiotensinogen levels and elevated serum asymmetric dimethyl arginine levels were observed in the CIH model. Concomitant with these changes, blood pressure levels were significantly elevated by CIH treatment. However, these deleterious effects by CIH were completely blocked by RD treatment. The present study demonstrated that CIH-mediated renal sympathetic nerve activation is involved in increased systemic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and renin-angiotensin system activation, thereby contributing to the development of HT and CVD, thus could be an important therapeutic target in patients with SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujisawa
- Life Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Shiota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Rodriguez R, Lee A, Mathis KW, Broome HJ, Thorwald M, Martinez B, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Ryan MJ, Ortiz RM. Angiotensin receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α activation contributes to glucose intolerance independent of systolic blood pressure in obese rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1081-F1090. [PMID: 29993275 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00156.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological activation of the renin-angiotensin system and inflammation are associated with hypertension and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The contributions of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) activation, independent of blood pressure, and inflammation to glucose intolerance and renal damage are not well defined. Using a rat model of MetS, we hypothesized that the onset of glucose intolerance is primarily mediated by AT1 activation and inflammation independent of elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). To address this hypothesis, we measured changes in SBP, adiposity, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, and glucose tolerance in six groups of rats: 1) lean, strain control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), 2) obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), 3) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg; n = 8), 4) OLETF + tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor (ETAN; 1.25 mg etanercept/kg; n = 6), 5) OLETF + TNF-α inhibitor + angiotensin receptor blocker (ETAN+ARB; 1.25 mg etanercept/kg + 10 mg olmesartan/kg; n = 6), and 6) OLETF + calcium channel blocker (CCB; 5 mg amlodipine/kg; n = 7). ARB and ETAN+ARB were most effective at decreasing SBP in OLETF, and ETAN did not offer any additional reduction. Glucose tolerance improved in ARB, ETAN, and ETAN+ARB compared with OLETF, whereas CCB had no detectable effect. Furthermore, all treatments reduced adiposity, whereas ETAN alone normalized urinary albumin excretion. These results suggest that AT1 activation and inflammation are primary factors in the development of glucose intolerance in a setting of MetS and that the associated increase in SBP is primarily mediated by AT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Hanna J Broome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi College , Clinton, Mississippi
| | - Max Thorwald
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California.,School of Medicine, St. George's University , St. George's , Grenada.,Department of Physics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University , Takamatsu , Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University , Takamatsu , Japan
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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Role of Uremic Toxins for Kidney, Cardiovascular, and Bone Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050202. [PMID: 29772660 PMCID: PMC5983258 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With decreasing kidney function, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mineral bone disorders frequently emerge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For these patients, in addition to the traditional risk factors, non-traditional CKD-specific risk factors are also associated with such diseases and conditions. One of these non-traditional risk factors is the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs). In addition, the accumulation of UTs further deteriorates kidney function. Recently, a huge number of UTs have been identified. Although many experimental and clinical studies have reported associations between UTs and the progression of CKD, CVD, and bone disease, these relationships are very complex and have not been fully elucidated. Among the UTs, indoxyl sulfate, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and p-cresylsulfate have been of particular focus, up until now. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological influences of these UTs on the kidney, cardiovascular system, and bone, and discuss the clinical data regarding the harmful effects of these UTs on diseases and conditions.
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Asymmetric Dimethyl Arginine as a Biomarker of Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3897295. [PMID: 29576746 PMCID: PMC5822828 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3897295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite the advent on new drugs targeting the articular manifestations, the burden of cardiovascular disease is still an unmet need in the management of RA. The pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis associated to RA is not yet fully understood, and reliable and specific markers of early cardiovascular involvement are still lacking. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is gaining attention for its implication in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and as biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Moreover, the metabolic pathway of methylarginines offers possible targets for therapeutic interventions to decrease the cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this review is to describe the main causes of increased methylarginine levels in RA, their implication in accelerated atherosclerosis, the possible role as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, and finally the available data on current pharmacological treatment.
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Myeloperoxidase, asymmetric dimethyl-arginine and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in cardiovascular risk patients: Cross-sectional findings from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:739-745. [PMID: 28322753 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO), the nitric oxidase synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetrical dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate potential interactions between the RAAS, ADMA and MPO in cardiovascular risk patients. DESIGN AND METHODS All in all, 1446 patients, who were referred to coronary angiography, were included in this prospective study. MPO, ADMA and circulating serum markers of the RAAS system were measured. Additionally, all-cause and CVD mortality, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory and endothelial markers, and medication use were investigated. RESULTS MPO concentrations were significantly associated with ADMA (P=0.002), renin (P=0.001) and angiotensin II levels (P=0.015), whereas ADMA was in tendency associated with renin (P=0.059) and significantly with angiotensin II (P=0.001). Both, ADMA and MPO were inversely correlated with angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and the angiotensin I/angiotensin II ratio. ADMA and angiotensin II were found stronger independent risk factors for all-cause and CVD mortality compared to MPO. CONCLUSIONS MPO concentrations were significantly associated with higher ADMA levels and an up-regulated circulating RAAS in patients with CVD. Moreover, serum levels of ADMA and angiotensin II were shown to be more predictive for all-cause and CVD mortality compared to MPO.
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Heleniak Z, Zdrojewski Z, Wisniewski P, Bieniaszewski L, Rutkowski B, Debska-Slizien A. The influence of renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers on asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEndothelial dysfunction could be related to the limited availability of nitric oxide (NO). NO is synthesized with the participation of an NO synthase whose activity is inhibited by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The synthesis of ADMA is exacerbated by oxidative stress, and several studies have shown the efficacy of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists) in reducing the level of ADMA. The probable mechanism of drug action is a reduction of oxidative stress through a decrease of angiotensin II formation. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of RAAS blockers on the plasma concentration of ADMA in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ChGN). The study included 37 patients, placed into group A and group B, depending on the treatment. Both groups were treated with RAAS blockers. In group B, immunosuppressive drugs were additionally administered. The control visits were at the 0, 6 and 12 months of observation. In both the studied groups (A+B), a significant reduction of ADMA (0.77 vs 0.4 μmol/l; p<0.05) was noticed. In patients suffering from ChGN, the use of RAAS blockers resulted in a significant decrease of plasma ADMA concentration, independently of immunosupressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Heleniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Zdrojewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Disease and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Wisniewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Bieniaszewski
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boleslaw Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Debska-Slizien
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Tsuda K. Letter by Tsuda Regarding Article, "Renal Dysfunction Is Associated With a Reduced Contribution of Nitric Oxide and Enhanced Vasoconstriction After a Congenital Renal Mass Reduction in Sheep". Circulation 2015; 132:e193. [PMID: 26459083 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.015619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tsuda
- Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Center Kansai University of Health Sciences Osaka, Japan
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Popolo A, Adesso S, Pinto A, Autore G, Marzocco S. L-Arginine and its metabolites in kidney and cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2271-86. [PMID: 25161088 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine is a semi essential amino acid synthesised from glutamine, glutamate and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most mammals. L-Arginine degradation occurs via multiple pathways initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg: glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Several disease are associated to an L-arginine impaired levels and/or to its metabolites: in particular various L-arginine metabolites may participate in pathogenesis of kidney and cardiovascular disease. L-Arginine and its metabolites may constitute both a marker of pathology progression both the rationale for manipulating L-arginine metabolism as a strategy to ameliorate these disease. A large number of studies have been performed in experimental models of kidney disease with sometimes conflicting results, which underlie the complexity of Arg metabolism and our incomplete knowledge of all the mechanisms involved. Moreover several lines of evidence demonstrate the role of L-arg metabolites in cardiovascular disease and that L-arg administration role in reversing endothelial dysfunction, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the implication of the mains L-arginine metabolites and L-arginine-derived guanidine compounds in kidney and cardiovascular disease considering the more recent literature in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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