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Crepin DM, Chavignon M, Verhoeven PO, Laurent F, Josse J, Butin M. Staphylococcus capitis: insights into epidemiology, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of a clinically relevant bacterial species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0011823. [PMID: 38899876 PMCID: PMC11391707 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00118-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYStaphylococcus capitis is divided into two subspecies, S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus (renamed urealyticus in 1992; ATCC 49326) and S. capitis subsp. capitis (ATCC 27840), and fits with the archetype of clinically relevant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). S. capitis is a commensal bacterium of the skin in humans, which must be considered an opportunistic pathogen of interest particularly as soon as it is identified in a clinically relevant specimen from an immunocompromised patient. Several studies have highlighted the potential determinants underlying S. capitis pathogenicity, resistance profiles, and virulence factors. In addition, mobile genetic element acquisitions and mutations contribute to S. capitis genome adaptation to its environment. Over the past decades, antibiotic resistance has been identified for S. capitis in almost all the families of the currently available antibiotics and is related to the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of high clinical significance. The present review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the taxonomic position of S. capitis among staphylococci, the involvement of this species in human colonization and diseases, the virulence factors supporting its pathogenicity, and the phenotypic and genomic antimicrobial resistance profiles of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Crepin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Chavignon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Service des agents infectieux et d'hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Butin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Néonatologie et Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Plota M, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Kolonitsiou F, Tsiata E, Spiliopoulou I, Assimakopoulos SF, Marangos M. In vitro activity of dalbavancin and other anti-staphylococcal agents against infecting isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34559042 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Dalbavancin was approved in Europe in 2015 for skin and soft tissue infections.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Data on methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CNS) dalbavancin susceptibility are scarce.Aim. To assess the susceptibility of MR-CNS to dalbavancin and other anti-staphylococcal agents.Methodology. A total of 443 MR-CNS clinical isolates from patients hospitalized in a Greek university hospital during a 2.5-year period (January 2018 to June 2020) were included. The MICs for vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin were investigated by Etest and the MIC for dalbavancin was determined according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines in 196 isolates. The consumption of the aforementioned antimicrobials was calculated.Results. In total, 51 isolates were resistant to teicoplanin (11.5 %) and 211 (47.6 %) to linezolid; all were susceptible to vancomycin and daptomycin. Among 196 isolates tested, 32 (16.3 %) were resistant to dalbavancin. A significant increase of MIC during the study period was found for vancomycin, teicoplanin and daptomycin, while a decrease in linezolid's MIC was observed. Dalbavancin's MIC remained stable. No difference in consumption was observed among the studied anti-staphylococcal agents.Conclusion. An increase of vancomycin, teicoplanin and daptomycin MICs among MR-CNS was observed, whereas 47.6 % of isolates were non-susceptible to linezolid. Dalbavancin retains excellent potency against MR-CNS, even in the presence of non-susceptibility to other anti-staphylococcal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plota
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Present address: Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Tsiata
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,National Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Papan C, Schröder M, Hoffmann M, Knoll H, Last K, Albrecht F, Geisel J, Fink T, Gärtner BC, Mellmann A, Volk T, Berger FK, Becker SL. Combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to contain the spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:99. [PMID: 34193293 PMCID: PMC8242281 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unrestricted use of linezolid has been linked to the emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE). We report the effects of combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures on the spread of LRSE in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Microbiological data were reviewed to identify all LRSE detected in clinical samples at an ICU in southwest Germany. Quantitative data on the use of antibiotics with Gram-positive coverage were obtained in defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 patient-days (PD). In addition to infection control measures, an antibiotic stewardship intervention was started in May 2019, focusing on linezolid restriction and promoting vancomycin, wherever needed. We compared data from the pre-intervention period (May 2018–April 2019) to the post-intervention period (May 2019–April 2020). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to determine the genetic relatedness of LRSE isolates. Results In the pre-intervention period, LRSE were isolated from 31 patients (17 in blood cultures). The average consumption of linezolid and daptomycin decreased from 7.5 DDD/100 PD and 12.3 DDD/100 PD per month in the pre-intervention period to 2.5 DDD/100 PD and 5.7 DDD/100 PD per month in the post-intervention period (p = 0.0022 and 0.0205), respectively. Conversely, vancomycin consumption increased from 0.2 DDD/100 PD per month to 4.7 DDD/100 PD per month (p < 0.0001). In the post-intervention period, LRSE were detected in 6 patients (4 in blood cultures) (p = 0.0065). WGS revealed the predominance of one single clone. Conclusions Complementing infection control measures by targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions was beneficial in containing the spread of LRSE in an ICU. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Papan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schröder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Knoll
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabian K Berger
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Bouiller K, Ilic D, Wicky PH, Cholley P, Chirouze C, Bertrand X. Spread of clonal linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in an intensive care unit associated with linezolid exposure. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1271-1277. [PMID: 32060752 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with spread of linezolid (LNZ)-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). A case-control study was conducted in one French adult surgical ICU. From January 2012 to December 2016, patients with at least a single positive LNZ-resistant S. epidermidis blood culture were matched to control with LNZ-susceptible S. epidermidis blood culture in a 1:4 manner. Cases were compared to controls regarding baseline clinical characteristics and LNZ exposure before positive blood culture. Bacterial isolates were genotyped by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLST. We identified 13 LNZ-resistant S. epidermidis isolates, 1 in 2012, 3 in 2014, 6 in 2015, and 3 in 2016. LNZ use increased steadily from 8 DDDs/100 patient days in 2010 to 19 in 2013 and further decrease by more of 50% in 2015 and 2016. The only independent risk factors associated to LNZ-resistant S. epidermidis isolation were length of stay in ICU before infection (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07-1.98), prior exposure to LNZ (OR 109; 95% CI 3.9-3034), and Charlson comorbidities score (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.11-9.14). PFGE typing showed that all LNZ-resistant isolates were clonal belonging to ST2 and that LNZ-susceptible isolates were highly diverse. We report herein that previous exposure to LNZ substantially increased the risk of occurrence of LNZ resistance in S. epidermidis even in the case of clonal spread of LNZ-resistant isolates. These findings highlight the need for reducing the use of LNZ to preserve its efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bouiller
- Department of Infectious diseases, Service de maladies infectieuses, university hospital of Besancon, 3 bd Alexandre Fleming, 25030, Besancon, France. .,UMR CNRS 6249 chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France.
| | - Dejan Ilic
- Surgical intensive care unit, university hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France
| | - Paul Henry Wicky
- Department of Infectious diseases, Service de maladies infectieuses, university hospital of Besancon, 3 bd Alexandre Fleming, 25030, Besancon, France
| | - Pascal Cholley
- Hospital hygiene department, university hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France
| | - Catherine Chirouze
- Department of Infectious diseases, Service de maladies infectieuses, university hospital of Besancon, 3 bd Alexandre Fleming, 25030, Besancon, France.,UMR CNRS 6249 chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- UMR CNRS 6249 chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France.,Hospital hygiene department, university hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France
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Molecular characteristics and predictors of mortality among Gram-positive bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in critically ill patients during a 5-year period (2012-2016). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:863-869. [PMID: 31898796 PMCID: PMC7223776 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify the molecular characteristics of Gram-positive cocci isolated from blood cultures and clinical outcome among critically ill patients. This retrospective study was conducted in the general intensive care unit of the University General Hospital of Patras, Greece, during a 5-year period (2012–2016). All adult patients with a Gram-positive BSI were included. PCR was applied to identify mecA gene (staphylococci); vanA, vanB, and vanC genes (enterococci). Linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis, MRSA, and VRE were further typed by multilocus sequence typing. Mutations in region V of 23S rDNA and ribosomal protein L4were investigated by PCR and sequencing analysis. The presence of the cfr gene was tested by PCR. In total, 141 Gram-positive BSIs were included. Coagulase-negative staphylococci predominated (n = 69; 65 methicillin-resistant, 23 linezolid-resistant carrying both C2534T and T2504A mutations and belonging to the ST22 clone), followed by enterococci (n = 46; 11 vancomycin-resistant carrying vanA gene, classified into four clones), S. aureus (n = 22; 10 methicillin-resistant, classified into three clones) and streptococci (n = 4). The most common type of infection was catheter-related (66; 46.8%), followed by primary BSI (28; 19.9%). Overall 14-day fatality was 24.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed septic shock as independent predictor of fatality, while appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment and catheter-related BSI were identified as a predictor of good prognosis. Even though most of Gram-positive cocci were multidrug-resistant, fatality rate was low, associated with catheter-related BSIs. Among CNS, LR isolates represented one-third of BSIs due to the dissemination of ST22 S. epidermidis propagated by utilization of linezolid.
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Farrell DJ, Mendes RE, Bensaci M. In vitro activity of tedizolid against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus from Europe and the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 93:85-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dissemination ofStaphylococcus epidermidisST22 With Stable, High-Level Resistance to Linezolid and Tedizolid in the Greek-Turkish Region (2008–2016). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:492-494. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Butin M, Martins-Simões P, Pichon B, Leyssene D, Bordes-Couecou S, Meugnier H, Rouard C, Lemaitre N, Schramm F, Kearns A, Spiliopoulou I, Hyyryläinen HL, Dumitrescu O, Vandenesch F, Dupieux C, Laurent F. Emergence and dissemination of a linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus capitis clone in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1014-1020. [PMID: 27999045 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistant (LZR) Staphylococcus capitis isolates from French ICUs, and compared them with LZR S. capitis isolates from other European countries. Methods All LZR isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and the presence of cfr and optrA genes as well as mutations in the 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins were investigated using specific PCR with sequencing. The genetic relationship between isolates was investigated using PFGE and WGS. Epidemiological data concerning LZR S. capitis were collected retrospectively in French microbiology laboratories. Results Twenty-one LZR isolates were studied: 9 from France, 11 from Greece and 1 from Finland. All were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides. In addition, this unusual AST profile was identified in S. capitis isolates from seven French hospitals, and represented up to 12% of the S. capitis isolates in one centre. A G2576T mutation in 23S rRNA was identified in all isolates; cfr and optrA genes were absent. All isolates belonged to the same clone on the basis of their PFGE profiles, whatever their geographical origin. WGS found at most 212 SNPs between core genomes of the LZR isolates. Conclusions We identified and characterized an LZR S. capitis clone disseminated in three European countries, harbouring the same multiple resistance and a G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA. The possible unrecognized wider distribution of this clone, belonging to a species classically regarded as a low-virulence skin colonizer, is of major concern not least because of the increasing use of oxazolidinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Butin
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Martins-Simões
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Pichon
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - D Leyssene
- Department of Bacteriology, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - S Bordes-Couecou
- Department of Bacteriology, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - H Meugnier
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Rouard
- Department of Bacteriology, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, University Paris Sud, Clamart, France
| | - N Lemaitre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - F Schramm
- Department of Bacteriology, CHRU de Strasbourg, EA7290 Early Bacterial Virulence, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Kearns
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - I Spiliopoulou
- National Staphylococcal Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - O Dumitrescu
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Vandenesch
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Dupieux
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Laurent
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308-ENS Lyon-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeri I, Giormezis N, Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Zotou A, Kolonitsiou F, Koutsileou K, Fligou F, Marangos M, Anastassiou ED, Spiliopoulou I. Number of positive blood cultures, biofilm formation, and adhesin genes in differentiating true coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia from contamination. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:57-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Activity of vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin against staphylococci and enterococci isolated in 5 Greek hospitals during a 5-year period (2008-2012). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:386-8. [PMID: 26341703 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tendency of vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin MICs was investigated among 6920 staphylococci and enterococci during a 5-year period. Antimicrobial consumption was determined. Decrease of vancomycin MIC was detected associated with reduction in consumption. Linezolid and daptomycin remained active. An upward trend of linezolid MIC for methicillin-resistant staphylococci was observed.
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Spiliopoulou I, Christofidou M, Logothetis D, Manolopoulou P, Dodou V, Fligou F, Marangos M, Anastassiou ED. Co-colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in two Greek intensive care units. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Karavasilis V, Zarkotou O, Panopoulou M, Kachrimanidou M, Themeli-Digalaki K, Stylianakis A, Gennimata V, Ntokou E, Stathopoulos C, Tsakris A, Pournaras S. Wide dissemination of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in Greece is associated with a linezolid-dependent ST22 clone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1625-9. [PMID: 25712317 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dependence on linezolid was recently described as significant growth acceleration of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE) isolates upon linezolid exposure. We investigated the possible contribution of linezolid dependence to LRSE dissemination in Greece. METHODS Linezolid resistance rates were estimated in six tertiary hospitals located throughout Greece between 2011 and 2013. Sixty-three randomly selected LRSE recovered in these hospitals during this period were studied. Growth curve analysis was conducted with and without linezolid. Clonality of the isolates was investigated by PFGE and MLST. RESULTS During the study period, the LRSE rate in the participating hospitals rose significantly from 6.9% to 9% (P = 0.006); the increase was more prominent in ICUs (from 15.1% to 20.9%; P = 0.005). Forty-seven (74.6%) of the 63 LRSE, derived from all study hospitals, clearly exhibited linezolid dependence, growing significantly faster in the presence of 16 and 32 mg/L linezolid. Of note, 61 (96.8%) LRSE exhibited a single macrorestriction pattern and belonged to ST22, which included all linezolid-dependent LRSE. The remaining two LRSE belonged to unique STs. Five of six linezolid-dependent isolates tested also exhibited linezolid dependence upon exposure to 8 mg/L linezolid. Interestingly, five of six ST22 linezolid-non-dependent isolates tested developed linezolid dependence when linezolid exposure preceded growth analysis. CONCLUSIONS The rapid LRSE dissemination in Greek hospitals threatens linezolid activity. The observation that most LRSE belonged to ST22 and expressed dependence on linezolid clearly implies that the spread of linezolid resistance should have been driven by this trait, which provided the LRSE with a selective advantage under linezolid pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Karavasilis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Melina Kachrimanidou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thesaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassiliki Gennimata
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Ntokou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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