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Dinakaran C, Prasad KP, Bedekar MK, Jeena K, Acharya A, Poojary N. In vitro analysis of the expression of inflammasome, antiviral, and immune genes in an Oreochromis niloticus liver cell line following stimulation with bacterial ligands and infection with tilapia lake virus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:148. [PMID: 38888759 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that plays a vital role in the defence against pathogens and is therefore considered an essential component of the innate immune system. In this study, the expression patterns of inflammasome genes (NLRC3, ASC, and CAS-1), antiviral genes (IFNγ and MX), and immune genes (IL-1β and IL-18) were analysed in Oreochromis niloticus liver (ONIL) cells following stimulation with the bacterial ligands peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and infection with TiLV. The cells were stimulated with PGN and LPS at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 µg/ml. For viral infection, 106 TCID50 of TiLV per ml was used. After LPS stimulation, all seven genes were found to be expressed at specific time points at each of the three doses tested. However, at even higher doses of LPS, NLRC3 levels decreased. Following TiLV infection, all of the genes showed significant upregulation, especially at early time points. However, the gene expression pattern was found to be unique in PGN-treated cells. For instance, NLRC3 and ASC did not show any response to PGN stimulation, and the expression of IFNγ was downregulated at 25 and 50 µg of PGN per ml. CAS-1 and IL-18 expression was downregulated at 25 µg of PGN per ml. At a higher dose (50 µg/ml), IL-1β showed downregulation. Overall, our results indicate that these genes are involved in the immune response to viral and bacterial infection and that the degree of response is ligand- and dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Dinakaran
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Megha K Bedekar
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kezhedath Jeena
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arpit Acharya
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Wang C, Xu J, Zhang Y, Yan D, Si L, Chang L, Li T. Regulation of NF-κB signaling by NLRC (NLRC3-like) gene in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109416. [PMID: 38301815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Among teleost NLRs, NLR-C subfamily is a large group of proteins that were teleost-specific and evolution analysis showed that NLR-Cs are most likely to evolve from NLRC3 gene (thus also called as NLRC3Ls). Presently, although there have been rich studies investigating teleost NLRC3 and NLRC3L, the data on the regulatory mechanism was limited. In this study, immune regulation of inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by common carp NLRC3L gene (CcNLRC) has been investigated. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that CcNLRC was located in cytoplasm, and in HEK293T cells, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed the regulation of NF-κB signaling by CcNLRC, in which CcNLRC could alter/decrease RIPK2-induced activation of NF-κB. These results indicated that CcNLRC may function as a negative NLR in the regulation of inflammatory response in common carp. Our data will allow to gain more insights into the molecular mechanism of teleost specific NLR (NLRC3L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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Chao L, Zhang W, Feng Y, Gao P, Ma J. Pyroptosis: a new insight into intestinal inflammation and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364911. [PMID: 38455052 PMCID: PMC10917886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an innate immune response triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors, characterized by cell destruction. It impacts the immune system and cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, the roles of pyroptosis and inflammasomes in intestinal inflammation and cancer have been continuously confirmed. This article reviews the latest progress in pyroptosis mechanisms, new discoveries of inflammasomes, mutual regulation between inflammasomes, and their applications in intestinal diseases. Additionally, potential synergistic treatment mechanisms of intestinal diseases with pyroptosis are summarized, and challenges and future directions are discussed, providing new ideas for pyroptosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Guo M, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang X, Wu Y. NLRC3 negatively regulates Pasteurella multocida-induced NF-κB signaling in rabbits. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:105078. [PMID: 37820760 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a significant zoonotic pathogen that has the ability to infect various animals. The inflammatory response caused by P. multocida and the negative regulatory mechanism are not completely understood. NOD-like receptor family CARD-containing 3 (NLRC3), an intracellular member of the NLR family, has been reported as a negative regulator in human. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of rabbit NLRC3 (rNLRC3) in P. multocida infection. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between the expression of rNLRC3 and inflammatory cytokines during P. multocida infection. The expression of rNLRC3 was reduced at the initial stage of P. multocida infection and then recovered. Furthermore, rNLRC3 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB by reducing phosphorylation and nuclear import of p65 in response to P. multocida infection. Additionally, overexpression of rNLRC3 attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Moreover, we demonstrated that rNLRC3 diminished NF-κB activation by interacting with rTRAF4 and rTRAF6. Overexpression of rNLRC3 promoted P. multocida proliferation, while P. multocida proliferation decreased after knockdown of rNLRC3. We also found that the NACHT-LRR domain is a functional domain of rNLRC3 that regulates the NF-κB pathway. Our study suggests that rNLRC3 negatively regulates P. multocida-induced NF-κB signaling in rabbits. It can serve as a checkpoint to prevent dysfunctional inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Gao C, Cai X, Lymbery AJ, Ma L, Li C. The evolution of NLRC3 subfamily genes in Sebastidae teleost fishes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:683. [PMID: 37964222 PMCID: PMC10648357 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With more than 36,000 valid fish species, teleost fishes constitute the most species-rich vertebrate clade and exhibit extensive genetic and phenotypic variation, including diverse immune defense strategies. NLRC3 subfamily genes, which are specific to fishes, play vital roles in the immune system of teleosts. The evolution of teleosts has been impacted by several whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, which might be a key reason for the expansions of the NLRC3 subfamily, but detailed knowledge of NLRC3 subfamily evolution in the family Sebastidae is still limited. RESULTS Phylogenetic inference of NLRC3 subfamily protein sequences were conducted to evaluate the orthology of NLRC3 subfamily genes in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegilii), 13 other fish species from the families Sebastidae, Serranidae, Gasterosteidae and Cyclopteridae, and three species of high vertebrates (bird, reptile and amphibian). WGD analyses were used to estimate expansions and contractions of the NLRC3 subfamily, and patterns of expression of NLRC3 subfamily genes in black rockfish following bacterial infections were used to investigate the functional roles of these genes in the traditional and mucosal immune system of the Sebastidae. Different patterns of gene expansions and contractions were observed in 17 fish and other species examined, and one and two whole-genome duplication events were observed in two members of family Sebastidae (black rockfish and honeycomb rockfish, Sebastes umbrosus), respectively. Subsequently, 179 copy numbers of NLRC3 genes were found in black rockfish and 166 in honeycomb rockfish. Phylogenetic analyses corroborated the conservation and evolution of NLRC3 orthologues between Sebastidae and other fish species. Finally, differential expression analyses provided evidence of the immune roles of NLRC3 genes in black rockfish during bacterial infections and gene ontology analysis also indicated other functional roles. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that NLRC3 genes have evolved a variety of different functions, in addition to their role in the immune response, as a result of whole genome duplication events during teleost diversification. Importantly, this study had underscored the importance of sampling across taxonomic groups, to better understand the evolutionary patterns of the innate immunity system on which complex immunological novelties arose. Moreover, the results in this study could extend current knowledge of the plasticity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Alan J Lymbery
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China.
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Liu Y, Sheng X, Tang X, Xing J, Chi H, Zhan W. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) gene family in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109083. [PMID: 37722442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are one of the pattern recognition receptors which have been widely known for identifying pathogens and regulating innate immunity in mammals, but the functions of the NLR gene family in teleost fish remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive identification and analysis of the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) NLR gene family, including bioinformatics information, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, domain composition, expression patterns and protein-protein interaction (PPI). We identified 22 NLRs in flounder (flNLRs) which were clustered into three subfamilies according to their domain organizations and phylogenetic features, i.e., NLR-A (6 members) resembling mammalian NODs, NLR-B (1 member) resembling mammalian NLRPs, and NLR-C (15 members) unique to teleost fish. All flNLRs shared a conserved NACHT domain including an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain, a middle helical domain 1, and a winged helix domain. Gene structure analysis displayed that flNLRs were significantly different, with exon numbers from 1 to 52. Conserved domain analysis showed that the N-terminus of flNLRs possessed different characteristics of the domains including CARD domain, PYRIN domain, RING domain, and fish-specific FISNA domain, and the C-terminus of seven NLR-C members contained an extra B30.2 domain, named NLRC-B30.2 group. Notably, flNLRs were expressed in all nine tested tissues, showing higher expressions in the systemic and mucosal immune tissues (e.g., kidney, spleen, hindgut, gills, skin, liver) in healthy flounder, and significant responses to intraperitoneal injection and immersion immunization of inactivated Vibrio anguillarum in mucosal tissues, especially the NLR-C members. In addition, PPI analysis demonstrated that some flNLRs of NLR-A and NLR-C shared the same interacting proteins such as RIPK2, TRAF6, MAVS, CASP, ASC, and ATG5, suggesting they might play crucial roles in host defense, antiviral innate immunity, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. This study for the first time characterized the NLR gene family of flounder at the genome-wide level, and the results provided a better understanding of the evolution of the NLR gene family and their immune functions in innate immunity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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Shadab A, Mahjoor M, Abbasi-Kolli M, Afkhami H, Moeinian P, Safdarian AR. Divergent functions of NLRP3 inflammasomes in cancer: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:232. [PMID: 37715239 PMCID: PMC10503066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer is a serious health problem, which is The cancer death rate (cancer mortality) is 158.3 per 100,000 men and women per year (based on 2013-2017 deaths). Both clinical and translational studies have demonstrated that chronic inflammation is associated with Cancer progression. However, the precise mechanisms of inflammasome, and the pathways that mediate this phenomenon are not fully characterized. One of the most recently identified signaling pathways, whose activation seems to affect many metabolic disorders, is the "inflammasome" a multiprotein complex composed of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3), ASC (apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and procaspase-1. NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to the processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The goal of this paper is to review new insights on the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the complex mechanisms of crosstalk between different organs, for a better understanding of the role of chronic inflammation in cancer pathogenesis. We will provide here a perspective on the current research on NLRP3 inflammasome, which may represent an innovative therapeutic target to reverse the malignancy condition consequences of the inflammation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahjoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Health, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Moeinian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Reza Safdarian
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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Li R, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Zou X. NLRC3 Participates in Inhibiting the Pulmonary Inflammatory Response of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Immunol Invest 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37139806 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2206445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) progresses rapidly, is difficult to treat, and has a high fatality rate. The excessive inflammatory response is an important pathological mechanism of ALI. NLRC3 (NLR family CARD domain-containing 3), a non-inflammasome member of the NLR family, has been found that it could negatively regulates various biological pathways associated with inflammatory response, such as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase)-Akt (protein kinase B)-mTOR (mammalian target of the rapamycin), and STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathways, which are responsible for the progression of pulmonary inflammation and participate in regulating the pathological progression of ALI. However, the effects of NLRC3 in sepsis-induced pathological injury of lung tissue remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential effects of NLRC3 in the sepsis-induced ALI. To investigate whether NLRC3 participates in inhibiting the pulmonary inflammatory response of sepsis-induced ALI. Sepsis-induced ALI mice models were established by intrabronchial injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). The lentivirus with overexpression of NLRC3 (LV-NLRC3) and downregulation of NLRC3 (LV-NLRC3-RNAi) were transfected to LPS-induced ALI mice. The expression of NLRC3 was upregulated or downregulated in the lung tissue of sepsis-induced ALI mice. Transfection with NLRC3-overexpression lentivirus significantly decreased inflammatory response in the lung of LPS-induced ALI mice in contrast to the control group. By transfection with NLRC3-silencing lentivirus, the inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI mice was aggravated. Our study provides evidence of the protective effect of NLRC3 in sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting excessive inflammatory response of the lung tissue.AbbreviationsAcute lung injury: ALI; intensive care units: ICU; lipopolysaccharide: LPS; acute respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: BALF; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors: NLRs; NLR family CARD domain containing 3: NLRC3; nuclear factor kappa B: NF-κB; tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6: TRAF6; Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase: PI3K; protein kinase B: Akt; mammalian target of the rapamycin: mTOR; stimulator of interferon genes: STING; TANK-binding kinase 1: TBK1; type I interferon: IFN-I; toll-like receptors: TLRs; tumor necrosis factor: TNF; interleukin: IL; NOD-like receptor protein 3: NLRP3; enhanced green fluorescent protein: EGFP; lentivirus: LV; phosphate-buffered saline: PBS; intrabronchial: i.t.; cecum ligation and puncture: CLP; wet/dry: W/D; Real time polymerase chain reaction: RT-PCR; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA; hematoxylin and eosin: H&E; radio immunoprecipitation assay: RIPA; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE; polyvinylidene fluoride: PVDF; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: GAPDH; bovine serum albumin: BSA; Tris buffered saline containing Tween 20: TBST; standard deviation: SD; one-way analysis of variance: ANOVA; janus kinase 2: JAK2; activators of transcription 3: STAT3; pathogen associated molecular patterns: PAMPs; danger associated molecular patterns: DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Zhuo Y, Li X, Feng W. NLRC3 is a potential prognostic biomarker that is correlated with immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2923. [PMID: 36808166 PMCID: PMC9941471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLR family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) gene has been reported to have a crucial effect on immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. However, the clinical relevance of NLRC3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. This study analyzed both RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical outcomes obtained from public databases to identify (i) NLRC3 as a tumor suppressor in LUAD and (ii) its predictive value for the likelihood of patient responsiveness to immunotherapy. The results showed that NLRC3 expression was reduced in LUAD and was lower in advanced-stage tumors. Additionally, reduced NLRC3 expression was correlated with worse patient prognosis. The protein level of NLRC3 was also observed to have prognostic significance. Moreover, downregulation of NLRC3 was found to suppress the chemotaxis and infiltration of antitumor lymphocyte subpopulations as well as natural killer cells. Mechanistic analysis indicated that NLRC3 may be involved in immune infiltration by regulating chemokines and their receptors in LUAD. Furthermore, NLRC3 functions as a molecular switch in macrophages, whereby it mediates the polarization of M1 macrophages. Patients with high NLRC3 expression were also found to exhibit a more promising response to immunotherapy. In conclusion, NLRC3 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD, help predict the immunotherapeutic response of patients, and guide personalized strategies for the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xueqian Li
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710043 Shaanxi China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhao Y, Li R. Overview of the anti-inflammatory function of the innate immune sensor NLRC3. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:36-41. [PMID: 36403432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense for the host against any microbial attack. It can quickly identify microorganisms and produce an immune response, removing pathogenic microorganisms. However, a strong immune response might lead to excessive inflammation and even autoimmune diseases. NLRC3 is an important regulator of innate immune system homeostasis. It is a member of the anti-inflammatory NLR family and can inhibit excessive immune response in the body. In this review, we primarily focused on the current research progress on NLRC3 and its potential application. It can decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAK-ERK, PI3K-mTOR, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, and cGAS-STING pathways. It also inhibits inflammatory responses by interfering with the assembly and activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome complexes. Additionally, NLRC3 can also reduce the functions of some antigen-presenting cells and their ability to activate and polarize CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 subsets. NLRC3 is closely related to the development of tumors, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and AD. These diseases might be treated effectively by regulating the expression of NLRC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430023, PR. China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR. China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR. China.
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11
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Chuphal B, Rai U, Roy B. Teleost NOD-like receptors and their downstream signaling pathways: A brief review. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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12
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Knepp B, Ander BP, Jickling GC, Hull H, Yee AH, Ng K, Rodriguez F, Carmona-Mora P, Amini H, Zhan X, Hakoupian M, Alomar N, Sharp FR, Stamova B. Gene expression changes implicate specific peripheral immune responses to Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhages in humans. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2022; 3:155-176. [PMID: 36936603 PMCID: PMC10019834 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral immune system response to Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) may differ with ICH in different brain locations. Thus, we investigated peripheral blood mRNA expression of Deep ICH, Lobar ICH, and vascular risk factor-matched control subjects (n = 59). Deep ICH subjects usually had hypertension. Some Lobar ICH subjects had cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Genes and gene networks in Deep ICH and Lobar ICH were compared to controls. We found 774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2 co-expressed gene modules associated with Deep ICH, and 441 DEGs and 5 modules associated with Lobar ICH. Pathway enrichment showed some common immune/inflammatory responses between locations including Autophagy, T Cell Receptor, Inflammasome, and Neuroinflammation Signaling. Th2, Interferon, GP6, and BEX2 Signaling were unique to Deep ICH. Necroptosis Signaling, Protein Ubiquitination, Amyloid Processing, and various RNA Processing terms were unique to Lobar ICH. Finding amyloid processing pathways in blood of Lobar ICH patients suggests peripheral immune cells may participate in processes leading to perivascular/vascular amyloid in CAA vessels and/or are involved in its removal. This study identifies distinct peripheral blood transcriptome architectures in Deep and Lobar ICH, emphasizes the need for considering location in ICH studies/clinical trials, and presents potential location-specific treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodie Knepp
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P. Ander
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alan H. Yee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kwan Ng
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paulina Carmona-Mora
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hajar Amini
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Hakoupian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Noor Alomar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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13
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Sun D, Xu J, Zhang W, Song C, Gao C, He Y, Shang Y. Negative regulator NLRC3: Its potential role and regulatory mechanism in immune response and immune-related diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012459. [PMID: 36341336 PMCID: PMC9630602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRC3 is a member of the pattern recognition receptors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) family, and plays a pivotal regulatory role in modulating the activation of immune cells. In macrophages, NLRC3 inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, the STING/TBK1 signaling pathway, and the formation of the inflammasome. In the context of T cells immune response, NLRC3 prevents the activation of T cells by regulating the function of dendritic cells and directly influencing the function of T cells. Different from other pattern recognition receptors, NLRC3 is more closely associated with regulatory activity than pathogens recognition, it influences the fates of cells, for example, prevents proliferation, promotes apoptosis and inhibits pyroptosis. These cellular functions regulated by NLRC3 are involved in the development processes of a variety of diseases, such as infectious disease, sterile inflammatory diseases, and cancer. However, its characteristics, function and regulatory mechanism in immune response and immune-related diseases have not been addressed fully. In this review, we elaborate the potential roles of NLRC3 from several different levels, include molecular mechanism, cellular functions in the immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiqian Xu, ; You Shang,
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoying Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiqian Xu, ; You Shang,
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14
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Krishnan R, Rajendran R, Jang YS, Kim JO, Yoon SY, Oh MJ. NLRC3 attenuates antiviral immunity and activates inflammasome responses in primary grouper brain cells following nervous necrosis virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:219-227. [PMID: 35750116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NLRC3 is identified as a unique regulatory NLR involved in the modulation of cellular processes and inflammatory responses. In this study, a novel Nod like receptor C3 (NLRC3) was functionally characterized from seven band grouper in the context of nervous necrosis virus infection. The grouper NLRC3 is highly conserved and homologous with other vertebrate proteins with a NACHT domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and an N-terminal CARD domain. Quantitative gene expression analysis revealed the highest mRNA levels of NLRC3 were in the brain and gill followed by the spleen and kidney following NNV infection. Overexpression of NLRC3 augmented the NNV replication kinetics in primary grouper brain cells. NLRC3 attenuated the interferon responses in the cells following NNV infection by impacting the TRAF6/NF-κB activity and exhibited reduced IFN sensitivity, ISRE promoter activity, and IFN pathway gene expression. In contrast, NLRC3 expression positively regulated the inflammasome response and pro-inflammatory gene expression during NNV infection. NLRC3 negatively regulates the PI3K-mTOR axis and activated the cellular autophagic response. Delineating the complexity of NLRC3 regulation of immune response in the primary grouper brain cells following NNV infection suggests that the protein acts as a virally manipulated host factor that negatively regulated the antiviral immune response to augment the NNV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rahul Rajendran
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seb Jang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Yoon
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59629, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Challagundla N, Saha B, Agrawal-Rajput R. Insights into inflammasome regulation: cellular, molecular, and pathogenic control of inflammasome activation. Immunol Res 2022; 70:578-606. [PMID: 35610534 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis is an intricate process wherein inflammasomes play a pivotal role by contributing to innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are ensembles of adaptor proteins that can trigger a signal following innate sensing of pathogens or non-pathogens eventuating in the inductions of IL-1β and IL-18. These inflammatory cytokines substantially influence the antigen-presenting cell's costimulatory functions and T helper cell differentiation, contributing to adaptive immunity. As acute and chronic disease conditions may accompany parallel tissue damage, we analyze the critical role of extracellular factors such as cytokines, amyloids, cholesterol crystals, etc., intracellular metabolites, and signaling molecules regulating inflammasome activation/inhibition. We develop an operative framework for inflammasome function and regulation by host cell factors and pathogens. While inflammasomes influence the innate and adaptive immune components' interplay modulating the anti-pathogen adaptive immune response, pathogens may target inflammasome inhibition as a survival strategy. As trapped between health and diseases, inflammasomes serve as promising therapeutic targets and their modus operandi serves as a scientific rationale for devising better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Challagundla
- Immunology lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Lab-5, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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16
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Quilapi AM, Vargas-Lagos C, Martínez D, Muñoz JL, Spies J, Esperguel I, Tapia J, Oyarzún-Salazar R, Vargas-Chacoff L. Brain immunity response of fish Eleginops maclovinus to infection with Francisella noatunensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:695-705. [PMID: 34808359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The brain's immune system is selective and hermetic in most species, including fish, favoring immune responses mediated by soluble immunomodulatory factors such as serotonin and the availability of nutrients against infectious processes. Francisella noatunensis coexist with fish such as Eleginops maclovinus, which raises questions about the susceptibility and immune response of the brain of E. maclovinus against Francisella. In this study, we inoculated fish with different doses of Francisella and took samples for 28 days. We detected bacteria in the brain of fish injected with a high concentration of Francisella at all time points. qPCR analysis of immune genes indicated a response mainly in the medium-dose and early expression of genes involved in iron metabolism. Finally, brain serotonin levels were higher than in uninfected fish in all conditions, suggesting possible immunomodulatory participation in an infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Quilapi
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile; Magister en Ciencias Mención Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Carolina Vargas-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Danixa Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i ∼ mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Johana Spies
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ivan Esperguel
- Magister en Ciencias Mención Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | | | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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17
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Zhou JT, Ren KD, Hou J, Chen J, Yang G. α‑rhamnrtin‑3‑α‑rhamnoside exerts anti‑inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated RAW264.7 cells by abrogating NF‑κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:799. [PMID: 34523697 PMCID: PMC8456313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
α-rhamnrtin-3-α-rhamnoside (ARR) is the principal compound extracted from Loranthus tanakae Franch. & Sav. However, its underlying pharmacological properties remain undetermined. Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body; however, the excessive activation of the inflammatory response can result in physical injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ARR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured via a NO colorimetric kit. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, were detected using ELISAs. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR analysis was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced RAW246.7 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to measure the expression levels of NF-κB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway-related proteins to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response. The results of the cytotoxicity assay revealed that doses of ARR ≤200 µg/ml exhibited no significant effect on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The results of the Griess assay demonstrated that ARR inhibited the production of NO. In addition, the results of the ELISAs and RT-qPCR analysis discovered that ARR reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the proinflammatory mediators, PGE2, iNOS and COX-2, in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ARR inhibited LPS-induced activation of TNF-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and NF-κB p65 signaling molecules, while reversing the downregulation of the NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) signaling molecule, which was consistent with the results of the western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence results indicated that ARR reduced the increase of NF-κB p65 nuclear expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, the results of the western blotting experiments also revealed that ARR upregulated heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and Nrf2 pathway molecules. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that ARR may exert anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating NF-κB and activating Nrf2-mediated inflammatory responses, suggesting that ARR may be an attractive anti-inflammatory candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tao Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Kai Da Ren
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Guan'e Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
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18
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Li J, Xiong X, Gan X, Pu F, Ma S, Bai L, Mustafa A, Li L, Liu H, Yang C, Twumasi G. Transcriptome analysis of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus of laying ducks reveals immune gene expression changes underlying the impacts of stocking densities. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:820-826. [PMID: 34148438 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1943309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The thymus and bursa of Fabricius are important immune organs in poultry as they play essential roles in sustaining the normal immune function to maintain health. The following trial investigated whether the stocking density affected gene expressions in immune organs.Jinding ducklings were raised in either low or high density (4 or 8 birds/m2) conditions from four to 14 weeks of age, and were then slaughtered and tissues removed. Samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to sequence RNA extraction. After filtering calculations with R software, a total of 508 (thymus) and 1,356 (bursa of Fabricius) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, suggesting that stocking density has an effect on gene expression in duck immune organs.A total of 112 immune factor genes and 112 immune pattern receptor genes in ducks, of which four thymus genes and 18 bursa of Fabricius genes were differentially expressed in ducks, which indicated that the change of stocking density could affect the expression of immune genes in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinmeng Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fajun Pu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ahsan Mustafa
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Grace Twumasi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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19
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Gervais O, Barria A, Papadopoulou A, Gratacap RL, Hillestad B, Tinch AE, Martin SAM, Robledo D, Houston RD. Exploring genetic resistance to infectious salmon anaemia virus in Atlantic salmon by genome-wide association and RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:345. [PMID: 33985436 PMCID: PMC8117317 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious Salmonid Anaemia Virus (ISAV) causes a notifiable disease that poses a large threat for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture worldwide. There is no fully effective treatment or vaccine, and therefore selective breeding to increase resistance to ISAV is a promising avenue for disease prevention. Genomic selection and potentially genome editing can be applied to enhance host resistance, and these approaches benefit from improved knowledge of the genetic and functional basis of the target trait. The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic architecture of resistance to ISAV in a commercial Atlantic salmon population and study its underlying functional genomic basis using RNA Sequencing. Results A total of 2833 Atlantic salmon parr belonging to 194 families were exposed to ISAV in a cohabitation challenge in which cumulative mortality reached 63% over 55 days. A total of 1353 animals were genotyped using a 55 K SNP array, and the estimate of heritability for the trait of binary survival was 0.13–0.33 (pedigree-genomic). A genome-wide association analysis confirmed that resistance to ISAV was a polygenic trait, albeit a genomic region in chromosome Ssa13 was significantly associated with resistance and explained 3% of the genetic variance. RNA sequencing of the heart of 16 infected (7 and 14 days post infection) and 8 control fish highlighted 4927 and 2437 differentially expressed genes at 7 and 14 days post infection respectively. The complement and coagulation pathway was down-regulated in infected fish, while several metabolic pathways were up-regulated. The interferon pathway showed little evidence of up-regulation at 7 days post infection but was mildly activated at 14 days, suggesting a potential crosstalk between host and virus. Comparison of the transcriptomic response of fish with high and low breeding values for resistance highlighted TRIM25 as being up-regulated in resistant fish. Conclusions ISAV resistance shows moderate heritability with a polygenic architecture, but a significant QTL was detected on chromosome 13. A mild up-regulation of the interferon pathway characterises the response to the virus in heart samples from this population of Atlantic salmon, and candidate genes showing differential expression between samples with high and low breeding values for resistance were identified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07671-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gervais
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Barria
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Papadopoulou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R L Gratacap
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Hillestad
- Benchmark Genetics Norway, Sandviksboder 3A, N-5035, Bergen, AS, Norway
| | - A E Tinch
- Benchmark Genetics Ltd, Benchmark House, 8 Smithy Wood Drive, Sheffield, S35 1QN, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - D Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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20
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Firmino JP, Fernández-Alacid L, Vallejos-Vidal E, Salomón R, Sanahuja I, Tort L, Ibarz A, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633621. [PMID: 33777020 PMCID: PMC7994269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Firmino
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,TECNOVIT-FARMFAES, S.L. Pol. Ind. Les Sorts, Alforja, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salomón
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Chang MX, Xiong F, Wu XM, Hu YW. The expanding and function of NLRC3 or NLRC3-like in teleost fish: Recent advances and novel insights. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103859. [PMID: 32896535 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing family (NLR) proteins are innate immune sensors which recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Mammals have small numbers of NLR proteins, whereas in some species such as in invertebrates and jawless vertebrates, NLRs have expanded into very large families. Nearly 400 NLR proteins are identified in the zebrafish genome. Members of the NLR family can be divided into two functional sub-groups based on their ability to either positively or negatively regulate host immune response or inflammatory signaling cascades. Mammalian NLRC3 has been identified as an inhibitory NLR, and serves as a negative regulator in the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, STING-mediated DNA sensing and PI3K-mTOR pathways. Different from mammalian NLRC3, the analysis from genomes or transcriptomes revealed that the expansions of NLRC3 existed in different species of fish. Furthermore, piscine NLRC3-like genes were confirmed to have a negative or positive regulatory function in response to different kinds of pathogen infections and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the expanding and function of NLRC3 or NLRC3-like genes in teleost fish, and give our view of important directions for future studies. The knowledge of piscine NLRC3 or expansive NLRC3-like genes-mediated biological functions in homeostasis and diseases will shed new light on the prevention and control of inflammatory and/or infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
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Pontigo JP, Yañez A, Sanchez P, Vargas-Chacoff L. Characterization and expression analysis of Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRC3) against infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic salmon. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103865. [PMID: 32918929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptors, or NOD like receptors (NLRs), are intracellular receptors responsible for recognizing pathogens in vertebrates. Several NLR mammalian models have been characterized and analyzed but few studies have been performed with teleost species. In this study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of six mRNA variants of NLRC3 in Atlantic salmon (SsNLRC3), and we deduced the amino acid sequence coding for two different isoforms with a total length of 1135 amino acids and 1093 amino acids. We analyzed the phylogeny of all variants, including a Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon. All variants and their expression pattern during infection were analyzed using real-time qPCR. One of the analyzed variants was over-expressed during the early stages of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection, and we were able to identify two different SsNLRC3 isoforms. Lastly, we observed that an alteration in the amino acid sequence of one of the isoforms can directly affect the pathogen recognition function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterianaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Yañez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Sanchez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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NLRC3 Delays the Progression of AD in APP/PS1 Mice via Inhibiting PI3K Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5328031. [PMID: 33425209 PMCID: PMC7775163 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5328031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NLRC3 inhibits inflammatory responses. Neuroinflammation induces and accelerates the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study is aimed at investigating whether NLRC3 plays a role in neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, and neuroprotection in AD mice. 12-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic and C57 mice were used for studies in vivo. In vitro, organotypic hippocampal slices were cultured. We found that the expression of NLRC3 was downregulated in the brain tissues of APP/PS1 mice. Mice in the APP/PS1 group had a significant attenuation of learning and memory ability compared to the control group, and the ability was improved in APP/PS1 + LV-NLRC3 mice. The expressions of 6E10, GFAP, Iba1, and PI3K in the hippocampus and brains of APP/PS1 mice were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the expressions of NeuN were lower than that of the control group. With the overexpression of NLRC3 in the APP/PS1 + LV-NLRC3 group, the expressions of 6e10, GFAP, Iba1, and PI3K were significantly lower, while the expression of NeuN was significantly higher compared to the APP/PS1 group. NLRC3 colocalized with NeuN. PI3K activation with 740YP increased the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the hippocampus with the exogenous NLRC3 protein. We conclude that NLRC3 may play an important role in the development and progression of AD. Downregulation of NLRC3 can lead to the activation of PI3K, resulting in abnormal plaque deposition, glial cell activation, and neuron loss during AD. NLRC3 delays the progression of AD in APP/PS1 mice via inhibiting PI3K activation.
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Fang H, Wu XM, Hu YW, Song YJ, Zhang J, Chang MX. NLRC3-like 1 inhibits NOD1-RIPK2 pathway via targeting RIPK2. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103769. [PMID: 32634524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both NLRC3 and NOD1 belong to regulatory NLR subfamily based on their best-characterized function. In mammals, NLRC3 was reported to function by attenuating signaling cascades initiated by other families of PRRs. In teleosts, multiple NLRC3-like genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing. However, the functions of many NLRC3-like genes, especially the fish-specific NLRC3-like genes, remain unclear. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of a novel category of NLRC3-like proteins (named as NLRC3-like 1) from the zebrafish, which consists of a fish-specific FISNA, a conserved NACHT and five C-terminal LRRs domains. The expression of zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 was inducible in response to Edwardsiella piscicida infection. During bacterial infection, the in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 overexpression facilitated bacterial growth and dissemination, together with the decreased survival rate of zebrafish larvae infected with E. piscicida. The attenuated response by zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 in response to bacterial infection were characterized by the impaired expression of antibacterial genes, proinflammatory cytokines and Nox genes. Furthermore, zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 interacted with the adaptor protein RIPK2 of NODs signaling via the FISNA (Fish-specific NACHT associated domain) and NACHT domains. However, the interaction between zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 and RIPK2 inhibited the assembly of the NOD1-RIPK2 complex. Importantly, zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 inhibited NOD1-mediated antibacterial activity, NF-κB and MAPK pathways and proinflammatory cytokine production. All together, these results firstly demonstrate that zebrafish NLRC3-like 1 inhibits NOD1-RIPK2 antibacterial pathway via targeting the adaptor protein RIPK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Li ZT, Liu H, Zhang WQ. NLRC3 alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:455-460. [PMID: 32386989 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3) plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity. This study was to explore the function and related mechanisms of NLRC3 in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. METHODS Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in mice and H/R model in RAW264.7 cells were constructed. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression level of NLRC3 in liver tissue and NLRC3, TRAF6, p-p65, p65, IκB-α, and the K63-linked ubiquitination level of TRAF6 in cells. The immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the nuclear level of the NF-κB (p65). ELISA was conducted to measure the content of IL-1β in serum and cell supernatant. The interaction between NLRC3 and TRAF6 in cells was analyzed by the Co-IP assay. RESULTS The NLRC3 protein level in liver tissue was decreased with the prolongation of reperfusion time (P < 0.05). The expression of NLRC3 and IκB-α protein in RAW264.7 was decreased gradually, while the expression of p-p65 and TRAF6 proteins and K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6 were increased gradually with the prolongation of reoxgenation time (P < 0.05). The Co-IP assay revealed that NLRC3 and TRAF6 can bind to each other directly. However, NLRC3 had no effect on the expression of TRAF6 protein. The ubiquitination test results showed that the K63-linked ubiquitination level of TRAF6 in H/R + Lv-NLRC3 group was significantly lower than that in the H/R + negative control (NC) group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activation of NF-κB in H/R + Lv-NLRC3 group was inhibited compared with that in the H/R + NC group, and the level of the inflammatory factor IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant was also decreased accordingly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS NLRC3 might alleviate H/R-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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West EE, Kunz N, Kemper C. Complement and human T cell metabolism: Location, location, location. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:68-81. [PMID: 32166778 PMCID: PMC7261501 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complement system represents one of the evolutionary oldest arms of our immune system and is commonly recognized as a liver-derived and serum-active system critical for providing protection against invading pathogens. Recent unexpected findings, however, have defined novel and rather "uncommon" locations and activities of complement. Specifically, the discovery of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-and its key role in the regulation of cell metabolic pathways that underly normal human T cell responses have taught us that there is still much to be discovered about this system. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the emerging functions of the complosome in T cell metabolism. We further place complosome activities among the non-canonical roles of other intracellular innate danger sensing systems and argue that a "location-centric" view of complement evolution could logically justify its close connection with the regulation of basic cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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27
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Pan L, Fang J, Chen MY, Zhai ST, Zhang B, Jiang ZY, Juengpanich S, Wang YF, Cai XJ. Promising key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:789-803. [PMID: 32148377 PMCID: PMC7052538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i8.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in multimodality treatments, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common malignant tumors. Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets is urgently needed.
AIM To identify potential key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of HCC.
METHODS The infiltration levels of immune cells and stromal cells were calculated and quantified based on the ESTIMATE algorithm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low groups according to immune or stromal scores were screened using the gene expression profile of HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas and were further linked to the prognosis of HCC. These genes were validated in four independent HCC cohorts. Survival-related key genes were identified by a LASSO Cox regression model.
RESULTS HCC patients with a high immune/stromal score had better survival benefits than patients with a low score. A total of 899 DEGs were identified and found to be involved in immune responses and extracellular matrices, 147 of which were associated with overall survival. Subsequently, 52 of 147 survival-related DEGs were validated in additional cohorts. Finally, ten key genes (STSL2, TMC5, DOK5, RASGRP2, NLRC3, KLRB1, CD5L, CFHR3, ADH1C, and UGT2B15) were selected and used to construct a prognostic gene signature, which presented a good performance in predicting overall survival.
CONCLUSION This study extracted a list of genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of HCC, thereby providing several valuable directions for the prognostic prediction and molecular targeted therapy of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sarun Juengpanich
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zha LH, Zhou J, Li TZ, Luo H, Zhang MQ, Li S, Yu ZX. NLRC3 inhibits MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats via attenuating PI3K activation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15963-15976. [PMID: 30767203 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation plays a critical role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The nucleotide-oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor subfamily C3 (NLRC3) inhibits proliferation and inflammation via PI3K signaling in cancer. We previously showed NLRC3 was significantly reduced in PH patients, but the mechanism of function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential role of NLRC3 in PH. We found that NLRC3 was downregulated in the pulmonary arteries of PH animal models and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). NLRC3 pretreatment reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and RVHI, and ameliorated proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Monocrotaline (MCT)- and PDGF-BB-mediated PI3K activation were suppressed by NLRC3 pretreatment. 740Y-P decreased the effect of NLRC3. Collectively, NLRC3 protected against MCT-induced rat PH and PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and inflammation through a mechanism involving PI3K inhibition. NLRC3 may have a therapeutic effect on PH and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Huang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- MedicalScience Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang-Zhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Men-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Xin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Vargas-Lagos C, Martínez D, Oyarzún R, Avendaño-Herrera R, Yáñez AJ, Pontigo JP, Vargas-Chacoff L. High doses of Francisella noatunensis induces an immune response in Eleginops maclovinus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:1-11. [PMID: 31015063 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis, the etiological agent of Francisellosis, affects a large number of farmed species such as Salmo salar. This species coexists with several native species in the same ecosystem, including Eleginops maclovinus. Our objective was to evaluate the susceptibility, presence of clinical symptoms, and the ability of Eleginops maclovinus to respond to Francisella infection. For this, healthy individuals were inoculated with 1.5 × 101, 1.5 × 105, and 1.5 × 1010 bact/μL of Francisella by intraperitoneal injection, subsequently the fish were sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post injection (dpi). At the end of the experiment, no mortality, nor internal and external clinical signs were observed, although in the high dose anaemia was detected. Additionally, bacteria were detected in all three doses, however there was replication at day 28 only in the liver in the high dose. Analysis of gene expression by qPCR showed that the spleen generated an immune response against infection from day 1 dpi, however at day 7 dpi most of the genes suffered repressed expression; observing over expression of the genes C3, NLRC3, NLRC5, MHCI, IgM. In contrast, expression in the anterior kidney did not vary significantly during the challenge. IgM quantification showed the production of antibodies in the medium and high doses. This study provides new knowledge about Francisella infection and the long-lasting and specific immune response generated by Eleginops maclovinus. It also demonstrates its susceptibility to Francisellosis where there is a difference in the immune response according to the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vargas-Lagos
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; (c)Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de La Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de La Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Avendaño-Herrera
- (c)Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - A J Yáñez
- (c)Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP-IDEAL, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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30
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular platforms that assemble upon sensing various intracellular stimuli. Inflammasome assembly leads to activation of caspase 1, thereby promoting the secretion of bioactive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and inducing an inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. Effectors of the inflammasome efficiently drive an immune response, primarily providing protection against microbial infections and mediating control over sterile insults. However, aberrant inflammasome signalling is associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration and malignancies. Chronic inflammation perpetuated by inflammasome activation plays a central role in all stages of tumorigenesis, including immunosuppression, proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Conversely, inflammasome signalling also contributes to tumour suppression by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, which portrays the diverse roles of inflammasomes in tumorigenesis. Studies have underscored the importance of environmental factors, such as diet and gut microbiota, in inflammasome signalling, which in turn influences tumorigenesis. In this Review, we deliver an overview of the interplay between inflammasomes and tumorigenesis and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Piazzon MC, Mladineo I, Naya-Català F, Dirks RP, Jong-Raadsen S, Vrbatović A, Hrabar J, Pérez-Sánchez J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Acting locally - affecting globally: RNA sequencing of gilthead sea bream with a mild Sparicotyle chrysophrii infection reveals effects on apoptosis, immune and hypoxia related genes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:200. [PMID: 30866816 PMCID: PMC6416957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenean flatworms are the main fish ectoparasites inflicting serious economic losses in aquaculture. The polyopisthocotylean Sparicotyle chrysophrii parasitizes the gills of gilthead sea bream (GSB, Sparus aurata) causing anaemia, lamellae fusion and sloughing of epithelial cells, with the consequent hypoxia, emaciation, lethargy and mortality. Currently no preventive or curative measures against this disease exist and therefore information on the host-parasite interaction is crucial to find mitigation solutions for sparicotylosis. The knowledge about gene regulation in monogenean-host models mostly comes from freshwater monopysthocotyleans and almost nothing is known about polyopisthocotyleans. The current study aims to decipher the host response at local (gills) and systemic (spleen, liver) levels in farmed GSB with a mild natural S. chrysophrii infection by transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Using Illumina RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis, a total of 2581 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in infected fish when compared to uninfected controls. Gill tissues in contact with the parasite (P gills) displayed regulation of fewer genes (700) than gill portions not in contact with the parasite (NP gills) (1235), most likely due to a local silencing effect of the parasite. The systemic reaction in the spleen was much higher than that at the parasite attachment site (local) (1240), and higher than in liver (334). NP gills displayed a strong enrichment of genes mainly related to immune response and apoptosis. Processes such as apoptosis, inflammation and cell proliferation dominated gills, whereas inhibition of apoptosis, autophagy, platelet activation, signalling and aggregation, and inflammasome were observed in spleen. Proteasome markers were increased in all tissues, whereas hypoxia-related genes were down-regulated in gills and spleen. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting forces seem to be acting at local and systemic levels. The splenic down-regulation could be part of a hypometabolic response, to counteract the hypoxia induced by the parasite damage to the gills and to concentrate the energy on defence and repair responses. Alternatively, it can be also interpreted as the often observed action of helminths to modify host immunity in its own interest. These results provide the first toolkit for future studies towards understanding and management of this parasitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | | | - Fernando Naya-Català
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.,Biotechvana, Parc Cientific, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jerko Hrabar
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Ma YY, Zhang GH, Li J, Wang SB, Hu ZM, Zhang CW, Li E. The correlation of NLRC3 expression with the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 82:273-281. [PMID: 30081150 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NLRC3 is a member of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family protein that plays a role in inflammation and immunity. Although chronic inflammation has been identified as a hallmark of cancer, NLRC3 expression correlation with the development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. In the present study, we first used Oncomine and OncoLnc database to determine the clinical significance of NLRC3 in HCC. Then we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between NLRC3 expression and clinicopathological features of HCC in a Chinese population. We found that high levels of NLRC3 messenger RNA (mRNA) correlated with a favorable clinical outcome; furthermore, expression of NLRC3 was significantly reduced in the cancer tissue in patients compared with noncancerous hepatic tissues. NLRC3 reduction was correlated with Edmondson grade and metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that HCC patients with high expression of NLRC3 have a more favorable prognosis compared with those with low expression of NLRC3. We then used short hairpin RNA to knock down NLRC3 expression in HCC cell lines and evaluated its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Suppression of NLRC3 expression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. Genomic analysis of the OncoLnc database also showed that NLRC3 mRNA level was directly correlated with mRNA levels of inflammasome components caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Based on our present study, down-regulated expression of NLRC3 may play an important role in cancer progression and prognosis of HCC by acting as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Guo-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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Zhu J, Gan X, Ao Q, Shen X, Tan Y, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Li C. Basal polarization of the immune responses to Streptococcus agalactiae susceptible and resistant tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:336-345. [PMID: 29454032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the highest priority areas for improvement is the development of effective strategies for decreasing disease mortality levels in aquaculture production, a better understanding of the components of the fish immune system and their functions in the context of pathogen invasion is needed. Tilapia is the most common fish in South China, and Streptococcus agalactiae has become the most serious disease problem for tilapia industry in China. Here, we profiled gene expression differences between tilapia differing in their susceptibility to S. agalactiae both basally (before infection) and at three early timepoints post-infection (5 h, 50 h, and 7 d). Between group comparisons revealed 5756 unique genes differentially expressed greater than 2-fold at one or more timepoints. And the resistant fish showed much more strong ability in pathogen recognition, antigen presentation, immune activation, while the susceptible fish showed fast activation of apoptosis. Taken together, the immune profiles expand our knowledge for molecular mechanisms for disease resistance, as well as provide solid molecular resources for further identification of the candidate markers for disease-resistant selection and evaluation of disease prevention and treatment options for tilapia industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xi Gan
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qiuwei Ao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiashuang Shen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Xie J, Belosevic M. Characterization and functional assessment of the NLRC3-like molecule of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:1-10. [PMID: 28988993 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The NLRC3-like (NLRC3L) molecule from the goldfish transcriptome database was identified and characterized. Quantitative gene expression analysis revealed the highest mRNA levels of NLRC3L were in the spleen and intestine, with lower mRNA levels observed in muscle and liver. Goldfish NLRC3L was differentially expressed in goldfish immune cell populations with highest mRNA levels measured in PBLs and macrophages. We generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgfNLRC3L) and an anti-CT-NLRC3L IgG. Treatment of goldfish primary kidney macrophages in vitro with ATP, LPS and heat-killed Aeromonas salmonicida up-regulated the NLRC3L mRNA and protein. Confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that goldfish rgfNLRC3L interacted with apoptosis-associated spec-like protein (ASC) in eukaryotic cells, indicating that NLRC3L may participate in the regulation of the inflammasome responses. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that NLRC3L over-expression did not cause the activation of NF-κB, but that it cooperated with RIP2 to down-regulate NF-κB activation. Our results indicate that the NLRC3L may function as a regulator of NLR pathways in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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NOD-like receptor(s) and host immune responses with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:479-493. [PMID: 29353310 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the common opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis individuals, and host induce a number of marked inflammatory responses and associate with complex therapeutic problems due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic stage of infection. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognized by number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs); NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a class of PRRs, which can recognize a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, thereby playing a critical role in innate immunity. RESULTS NLR activation initiates forming of a multi-protein complex called inflammasome that induces activation of caspase-1 and resulted in cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. When the IL-1β is secreted excessively, this causes tissue damage and extensive inflammatory responses that are potentially hazardous for the host. CONCLUSIONS Recent evidence has laid out inflammasome-forming NLR far beyond inflammation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the various roles played by different NLRs and associated down-signals, either in recognition of P. aeruginosa or may be associated with such bacterial pathogen infection, which may relate to for the complexity of lung diseases caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Small CM, Milligan-Myhre K, Bassham S, Guillemin K, Cresko WA. Host Genotype and Microbiota Contribute Asymmetrically to Transcriptional Variation in the Threespine Stickleback Gut. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:504-520. [PMID: 28391321 PMCID: PMC5381569 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of interactions between hosts and their resident microbes have revealed important ecological and evolutionary consequences that emerge from these complex interspecies relationships, including diseases that occur when the interactions go awry. Given the preponderance of these interactions, we hypothesized that effects of the microbiota on gene expression in the developing gut—an important aspect of host biology—would be pervasive, and that these effects would be both comparable in magnitude to and contingent on effects of the host genetic background. To evaluate the effects of the microbiota, host genotype, and their interaction on gene expression in the gut of a genetically diverse, gnotobiotic host model, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we compared RNA-seq data among 84 larval fish. Surprisingly, we found that stickleback population and family differences explained substantially more gene expression variation than the presence of microbes. Expression levels of 72 genes, however, were affected by our microbiota treatment. These genes, including many associated with innate immunity, comprise a tractable subset of host genetic factors for precise, systems-level study of host–microbe interactions in the future. Importantly, our data also suggest subtle signatures of a statistical interaction between host genotype and the microbiota on expression patterns of genetic pathways associated with innate immunity, coagulation and complement cascades, focal adhesion, cancer, and peroxisomes. These genotype-by-environment interactions may prove to be important leads to the understanding of host genetic mechanisms commonly at the root of sometimes complex molecular relationships between hosts and their resident microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - William A Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
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Eren E, Berber M, Özören N. NLRC3 protein inhibits inflammation by disrupting NALP3 inflammasome assembly via competition with the adaptor protein ASC for pro-caspase-1 binding. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12691-12701. [PMID: 28584053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that sense pathogen-associated and danger-associated molecular patterns and induce inflammation in cells. The NALP3 inflammasome is tightly regulated by recently discovered control mechanisms, but other modulators still remain to be characterized. NLR family CARD-containing 3 (NLRC3) protein, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing member of the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, was found to down-regulate the NF-κB pathway and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent cytokine secretion. However, the effect of NLRC3 on the NALP3 inflammasome or other inflammasomes is still unknown. We hypothesized that NLRC3 might inhibit NALP3 inflammasome complex assembly. Toward this end, we tested whether NLRC3 overexpression or knockdown influences NALP3 activity in human monocyte and HEK293FT cells when the complex is ectopically reconstituted. We found that NLRC3 indeed decreases NALP3-induced IL-1β maturation and secretion, pro-caspase-1 cleavage, and speck formation by apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) protein in response to NALP3 activators. We also show that endogenous NLRC3 interacts with both ASC and pro-caspase-1 but not with NALP3, disrupts ASC speck formation through its CARD, and impairs the ASC and pro-caspase-1 interaction. Moreover, the NLRC3 CARD alone could dampen IL-1β secretion and ASC speck formation induced by NALP3 mutants associated with autoinflammatory diseases. In conclusion, we show here that, besides its role in the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, NLRC3 interferes with the assembly and activity of the NALP3 inflammasome complex by competing with ASC for pro-caspase-1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Apoptosis and Cancer Immunology Laboratory (AKIL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Berber
- Apoptosis and Cancer Immunology Laboratory (AKIL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Özören
- Apoptosis and Cancer Immunology Laboratory (AKIL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, 34342 Bebek-Istanbul, Turkey.
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Herwald H, Egesten A. Gone with the Wind--Innate Immunity and Airway Inflammation. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:109-10. [PMID: 26925836 DOI: 10.1159/000444614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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39
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Li S, Chen X, Hao G, Geng X, Zhan W, Sun J. Identification and characterization of a novel NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 3 gene in response to extracellular ATP stimulation and its role in regulating LPS-induced innate immune response in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:79-90. [PMID: 26820104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family with a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) containing 3 (NLRC3) protein is an important cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that negatively regulates innate immune response in mammals. Hitherto, the immunological significance of NLRC3 protein in fish remains largely uncharacterized. Here we identified and characterized a novel NLRC3 gene (named poNLRC3) implicated in regulation of fish innate immunity from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The poNLRC3 protein is a cytoplasmic protein with an undefined N-terminal domain, a NACHT domain, a fish-specific NACHT associated domain, six LRR motifs, and a C-terminal fish-specific PYR/SPYR (B30.2) domain but only shares less than 40% sequence identities with the known Japanese flounder NLRC proteins. poNLRC3 gene is ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues and is dominantly expressed in the Japanese flounder head kidney macrophages (HKMs). We for the first time showed that poNLRC3 expression was significantly modulated by the stimulation of extracellular ATP, an important danger/damage-associated molecular pattern in activating innate immunity in P. olivaceus. Importantly, we revealed that poNLRC3 plays an important role in positively regulating ATP-induced IL-1beta and IL-6 gene expression, suggesting the involvement of poNLRC3 in extracellular ATP-mediated immune signaling. In addition, we showed that poNLRC3 mRNA expression was up-regulated in response to LPS and Edwardsiella tarda immune challenges. Finally, we showed that down-regulating the endogenous poNLRC3 expression with small interfering RNA significantly reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the Japanese flounder HKM cells. Altogether, we have identified a novel inducible fish NLR member, poNLRC3, which is involved in extracellular ATP-mediated immune signaling and may positively regulate the LPS-induced innate immune response in the Japanese flounder HKM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Gaixiang Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuyun Geng
- Tianjin Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, 442 South Jiefang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300221, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, LMMEC, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
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