1
|
Marino LV, Paulson S, Ashton JJ, Weeks C, Young A, Pappachan JV, Swann J, Johnson MJ, Beattie RM. A Scoping Review: Urinary Markers of Metabolic Maturation in Preterm Infants and Future Interventions to Improve Growth. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193957. [PMID: 36235609 PMCID: PMC9571892 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growth failure in infants born preterm is a significant issue, increasing the risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes and metabolic syndrome later in life. During the first 1000 days of life biological systems mature rapidly involving developmental programming, cellular senescence, and metabolic maturation, regulating normal growth and development. However, little is known about metabolic maturation in infants born preterm and the relationship with growth. Objective: To examine the available evidence on urinary markers of metabolic maturation and their relationship with growth in infants born preterm. Eligibility criteria: Studies including in this scoping review using qualitative or quantitative methods to describe urinary markers of metabolic maturation and the relationship with growth in infants born preterm. Results: After a screening process 15 titles were included in this review, from 1998–2021 drawing from China (n = 1), Italy (n = 3), Germany (n = 3), Greece (n = 1), Japan (n = 2), Norway (n = 1), Portugal (n = 1), Spain (n = 2) and USA (n = 1). The included studies examined urinary metabolites in 1131 infants. A content analysis identified 4 overarching themes relating to; (i) metabolic maturation relative to gestational age, (ii) metabolic signature and changes in urinary metabolites over time, (iii) nutrition and (iv) growth. Conclusion: The results of this scoping review suggest there are considerable gaps in our knowledge relating to factors associated with metabolic instability, what constitutes normal maturation of preterm infants, and how the development of reference phenome age z scores for metabolites of interest could improve nutritional and growth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise V. Marino
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-23-8079-6000
| | - Simone Paulson
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - James J. Ashton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Charlotte Weeks
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - Aneurin Young
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
| | - John V. Pappachan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Biomolecular Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark J. Johnson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert Mark Beattie
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Criswell RL, Iszatt N, Demmelmair H, Ahmed TB, Koletzko BV, Lenters VC, Eggesbø MÅ. Predictors of Human Milk Fatty Acids and Associations with Infant Growth in a Norwegian Birth Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183858. [PMID: 36145232 PMCID: PMC9503921 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglyceride-bound fatty acids constitute the majority of lipids in human milk and may affect infant growth. We describe the composition of fatty acids in human milk, identify predictors, and investigate associations between fatty acids and infant growth using data from the Norwegian Human Milk Study birth cohort. In a subset of participants (n = 789, 30% of cohort), oversampled for overweight and obesity, we analyzed milk concentrations of detectable fatty acids. We modelled percent composition of fatty acids in relation to maternal body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, parity, smoking, delivery mode, gestational age, fish intake, and cod liver oil intake. We assessed the relation between fatty acids and infant growth from 0 to 6 months. Of the factors tested, excess pregnancy weight gain was positively associated with monounsaturated fatty acids and inversely associated with stearic acid. Multiparity was negatively associated with monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids while positively associated with stearic acid. Gestational age was inversely associated with myristic acid. Medium-chain saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with infant growth, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, were associated with an increased odds of rapid growth. Notably, excessive maternal weight gain was associated with cis-vaccenic acid, which was further associated with a threefold increased risk of rapid infant growth (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–6.6), suggesting that monounsaturated fatty acids in milk may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Criswell
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division for Climate and Environmental Health, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
- Skowhegan Family Medicine, Redington-Fairview General Hospital, 46 Fairview Ave, Skowhegan, ME 04976, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-207-474-6201
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division for Climate and Environmental Health, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Talat Bashir Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold V. Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Virissa C. Lenters
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division for Climate and Environmental Health, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Å. Eggesbø
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division for Climate and Environmental Health, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prenatal ethanol exposure induces dynamic changes of expression and activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms in male rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:101-108. [PMID: 35301062 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the effect of prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) on the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes at different life stages of male rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered with ethanol (4 g/kg/d) intragastrically from gestational day (GD) 9-20. Male offspring's gene and activity of CYP isozymes were analyzed on GD 20 (only expression), postnatal day (PD) 84 and 196. Using aniline as probe, we compared the enzyme kinetics of hepatic CYP2E1 between two groups. Expression of CYP isozymes was examined in rat primary hepatocytes and human hepatic cell lines treated with ethanol or/and glucocorticoid. Gene level of Cyp1a2, 2b1, 2d1, 2e1, 3a1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor were increased in PEE group on GD 20 and PD 84 and Cyp2e1 still exhibited an increasing trend on PD 196 compared with the control. PEE inhibited CYP2D1 and 2E1 activities in male offspring on PD 84. CYP activities in two groups became the same level on PD 196. PEE induced an opposite change in gene and protein level of hepatic CYP2E1 before and after birth. In consistent with lower protein level, aniline metabolism in PEE was weaker in liver microsome. Both single and combined use of ethanol or/and glucocorticoid increased CYPs expression in vitro. In conclusion, PEE programmed a higher gene and lower protein level of CYPs in male offspring, which dwindled with age. Impairment of protein levels and enzyme activities of CYPs may affect individual metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in early adulthood.
Collapse
|
4
|
Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Magenes VC, Pascuzzi MC, Rossi V, Sangiorgio A, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G, Mameli C. The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 34947884 PMCID: PMC8706413 DOI: 10.3390/life11121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical phase of growth and development characterized by a complex process regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. In fact, it is crucial in psychological and physical development and can impact future health. Nutritional status is considered as one of the most important factors modulating pubertal development. This narrative review presents an overview on the role of nutritional factors as determinants of the timing of sexual maturation, focusing on early-life and childhood nutrition. As reported, breast milk seems to have an important protective role against early puberty onset, mainly due to its positive influence on infant growth rate and childhood overweight prevention. The energy imbalance, macro/micronutrient food content, and dietary patterns may modulate the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, inducing precocious activation of puberty. An increase in knowledge on the mechanism whereby nutrients may influence puberty will be useful in providing adequate nutritional recommendations to prevent PP and related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Chiara Pascuzzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Arianna Sangiorgio
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haiden N, Greber-Platzer S, Haiden N, Hauer AC, Lanzersdorfer R, Pietschnig B, Schneider AM, Scholl-Bürgi S, Sperl W, Stenzel C, Weghuber D, Zwiauer K, Eibensteiner F. Stufenkonzepte bei Säuglingsmilchen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Low-molecular components of colostrum as a regulator of the organism redox-system and biological antidote. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2021.001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein composition in the diapason of molecular masses from 4800 to 9500 Dа has been studied in colostrum, taken from different cows, and manifested the expressed biological activity. For this aim, an influence of low-molecular components of colostrum on some physiological parameters (change of body mass and temperature) at intoxication of animals (Wistar rats) by blue stone has been studied. An influence of colostrum low-molecular components on parameters of the organism redox-system (content of hyperperoxides of lipids and activity of glutathione peroxidase) in the blood serum of animals has been studied. For determining integral characteristics of colostrum components, electric conductivity of skim colostrum and one of colostrum with low-molecular proteins (less than 10 000 Dа), taken from different cows, were used. The aim of this work is to study interconnections of an influence of colostrum low-molecular proteins on models of organism intoxication by cooper ions.
It is demonstrated, that the colostrum composition includes 25–35 different proteins with a molecular mass from 4800 to 9500 Dа. The number and ratio between protein fractions depend on individual physiological-biochemical characteristics of producers. It has been revealed, that there is no direct dependence between the protein content in a measuring cell (2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) with skim colostrum and electric conductivity change, and this dependence is different for skim colostrum, taken from different cows. Individual differences are manifested both at electric conductivity change and by the content of colostrum low-molecular proteins in a measuring cell. It is demonstrated, that colostrum low-molecular components can eliminate the toxic effect of blue stone on the organism, which mechanisms are connected with a balance shift in the system “prooxidants↔antioxidants” towards antioxidants. The electric conductivity of colostrum components may be used as an express-method for evaluating biologically active substances of colostrum
Collapse
|
7
|
Growth patterns and breast milk/infant formula energetic efficiency in healthy infants up to 18 months of life: the COGNIS study. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1809-1822. [PMID: 33602357 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type of feeding during early life influences growth trajectory and metabolic risk at later ages. Modifications in infant formula composition have led to evaluate their effects on growth and energetic efficiency (EE) compared with breast-feeding. Main goal was to analyse type of feeding potential effects during first months of life, plus its EE, on growth patterns in healthy formula fed (standard infant formula (SF) vs. experimental infant formula enriched with bioactive nutrients (EF)) and breastfed (BF) infants participating in the COGNIS RCT (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02094547) up to 18 months of age. Infants follow-up to 18 months of age (n 141) fed with a SF (n 48), EF(n 56), or BF (n 37), were assessed for growth parameters using WHO standards. Growth velocity (GV) and catch-up were calculated to identify growth patterns. EE of breast milk/infant formula was also estimated. Infants' growth at 6 months showed higher length and lower head circumference gains in SF and EF infants than BF infants. Both weight-for-length and weight-for-age catch-up growth showed significant differences in formula fed groups compared with the BF. No significant differences in GV or catch-up were found at 6-12 and 12-18 months. Regarding EE, infant formula groups showed significantly lower weight and length gains/g of milk protein, and higher weight and length gains/g of milk lipids, than the BF infants. GV during first 6 months, which may be influenced by feeding, seems to be the main predictor of subsequent growth trajectory. Breast-feeding may have positive effects on growth programming due to its nutrients' EE.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ros P, Díaz F, Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. Sex Differences in Long-term Metabolic Effects of Maternal Resveratrol Intake in Adult Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5851847. [PMID: 32502250 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition can affect the susceptibility of the offspring to metabolic disease later in life, suggesting that this period is a window of opportunity for intervention to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has a wide range of beneficial properties including anti-obesogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. We previously reported that maternal resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation has early metabolic effects in the offspring with these effects at weaning depending on the type of diet ingested by the mother and the offspring's sex. Here we analyzed whether these metabolic changes are maintained in the adult offspring and if they remain sex and maternal diet dependent. Wistar rats received a low-fat diet (LFD; 10.2% Kcal from fat) or high fat diet (HFD; 61.6% Kcal from fat) during pregnancy and lactation. Half of each group received resveratrol in their drinking water (50 mg/L). Offspring were weaned onto standard chow on postnatal day 21. Maternal resveratrol reduced serum cholesterol levels in all adult offspring from HFD mothers and increased it in adult female offspring from LFD mothers. Resveratrol increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in LFD offspring in both sexes but decreased it in male HFD offspring. Resveratrol shifted the distribution of VAT adipocyte size to a significantly higher incidence of large adipocytes, regardless of sex or maternal diet. These results clearly demonstrate that maternal resveratrol intake has long-lasting effects on metabolic health of offspring in a sex specific manner with these effects being highly dependent on the maternal diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Ros
- Hospital Universitario Puerto de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Food Institute (IMDEA), Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Food Institute (IMDEA), Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodríguez-Cano AM, Mier-Cabrera J, Allegre-Dávalos AL, Muñoz-Manrique C, Perichart-Perera O. Higher fat mass and fat mass accretion during the first six months of life in exclusively breastfed infants. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:588-594. [PMID: 31434104 PMCID: PMC7033039 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early nutrition influences infant growth and body composition, which may play a role in the infant's metabolic programming. Breastfed infants appear to have higher fat mass than formula-fed infants, but most comparisons have been cross-sectional, and evidence is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe fat mass and fat mass accretion during the first six months of life and evaluate differences by type of feeding (OMS). METHODS Prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women and their infants (Mexico City, 2009-2014). At 1 (T1), 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months of age, fat mass (FM) (PEAPOD) and type of feeding (feeding questionnaire) were evaluated. RESULTS We included 109 healthy infants (mean ± SD age: 39 ± 1.1 weeks; birthweight: 2959 ± 294 g). Exclusive/predominant breastfed (EBF) infants had higher FM at T2 and T3 compared with non-EBF (%FM T3: 29.7 ± 5.9% vs 24.7 ± 5.6%, respectively) (p < 0.05). All infants increased their FM throughout time (p < 0.001). EBF infants showed a significant higher FM accretion (β: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.57-5.66, p < 0.01); the difference was maintained after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive/predominant breastfeeding promotes higher accretion of FM during the first six months of life which could have an important effect in the programming of health outcomes later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameyalli M Rodríguez-Cano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Mier-Cabrera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana L Allegre-Dávalos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Otilia Perichart-Perera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The effect of Atlantic salmon consumption on the cognitive performance of preschool children - A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2558-2568. [PMID: 30598384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are of functional and structural importance for brain development. Observational studies have shown positive relations between fatty fish consumption and cognitive performance in children, but Results from intervention studies using supplementary n-3 LC-PUFA are conflicting. Salmon is a good source of n-3 LC-PUFA, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We tested the hypothesis that an increased dietary salmon intake results in better cognitive outcomes than a meat based diet. METHODS Children (n = 205, age 4-6 years) in this trial were individually randomized to eating meals containing farmed Atlantic salmon or meat three times weekly for 16 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention a cognitive test (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd edition, WPPSI-III) and a fine-motor coordination test (Nine Hole Peg Test, 9-HPT) were performed. Biochemical analyses included glycerophospholipid fatty acid profiles in plasma and cheek cells, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and urinary iodine concentration. Dietary intake before and during the study were determined using food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS Intakes of EPA, DHA, vitamin D and iodine were higher in the salmon than the meat group, but on biomarker level only EPA and DHA increased significantly in the salmon group compared to the meat group (p < 0.001). In general linear models no significant differences between the intervention groups were found in the scale scores of the WPPSI-III tests and the 9-HPT. In analyses of the raw scores, the salmon group showed significantly better improvement in two of the eight raw scores compared to the meat group (symbol search p = 0.038, picture concepts p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon led to a greater increase of the raw scores of the picture concept and symbol search subtests, while in the six other subtests raw scores were not different between the groups. This might indicate a modest positive association of salmon intake with the performance of preschool children in some subtests evaluating fluid intelligence but does not suggest an influence on global IQ development. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01951937.
Collapse
|
11
|
Totzauer M, Luque V, Escribano J, Closa-Monasterolo R, Verduci E, ReDionigi A, Hoyos J, Langhendries JP, Gruszfeld D, Socha P, Koletzko B, Grote V. Effect of Lower Versus Higher Protein Content in Infant Formula Through the First Year on Body Composition from 1 to 6 Years: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1203-1210. [PMID: 29932518 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lower protein (LP) versus higher protein (HP) content in infant formula on body composition from 3 months to 6 years. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind European trial, healthy infants (N = 1,090) were randomly assigned to different protein content formulas (upper [HP] and lower [LP] limits of the European Union regulations in 2001) during the first year; breastfed infants (N = 588) were recruited for reference values. Weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold (SF) thickness were measured repeatedly (N = 650 at 6 years), and body composition was estimated (Slaughter). The 99th percentile of fat mass index reference data were used to assess excess body fat at 6 years. RESULTS At 2 and 6 years, the study observed greater sum of SFs (Δ 2 years: 0.5 mm, P = 0.026, Δ 6 years: 0.6 mm, P = 0.045), fat mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.12 kg/m², P = 0.008, Δ 6 years: 0.15 kg/m², P = 0.011), and fat-free mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.17 kg/m², P = 0.003, Δ 6 years: 0.18 kg/m², P = 0.010) in the HP group compared with the LP group. At 6 years, the HP group had a twofold higher risk than the LP group for excess body fat (adjusted odds ratio: 2.13, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Infant formula with HP levels induced greater fat mass in children from 2 to 6 years. Lowering the protein content of infant formula may result in a healthier body composition in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Totzauer
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronica Luque
- Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice ReDionigi
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Joana Hoyos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hydrolyzed Formula With Reduced Protein Content Supports Adequate Growth: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:822-830. [PMID: 29216020 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high protein content of nonhydrolyzed infant formula exceeding metabolic requirements can induce rapid weight gain and obesity. Hydrolyzed formula with too low protein (LP) content may result in inadequate growth. The aim of this study was to investigate noninferiority of partial and extensively hydrolyzed formulas (pHF, eHF) with lower hydrolyzed protein content than conventionally, regularly used formulas, with or without synbiotics for normal growth of healthy term infants. METHODS In an European multi-center, parallel, prospective, controlled, double-blind trial, 402 formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to four groups: LP-formulas (1.9 g protein/100 kcal) as pHF with or without synbiotics, LP-eHF formula with synbiotics, or regular protein eHF (2.3 g protein/100 kcal). One hundred and one breast-fed infants served as observational reference group. As primary endpoint, noninferiority of daily weight gain during the first 4 months of life was investigated comparing the LP-group to a regular protein eHF group. RESULTS A comparison of daily weight gain in infants receiving LPpHF (2.15 g/day CI -0.18 to inf.) with infants receiving regular protein eHF showed noninferior weight gain (-3.5 g/day margin; per protocol [PP] population). Noninferiority was also confirmed for the other tested LP formulas. Likewise, analysis of metabolic parameters and plasma amino acid concentrations demonstrated a safe and balanced nutritional composition. Energetic efficiency for growth (weight) was slightly higher in LPeHF and synbiotics compared with LPpHF and synbiotics. CONCLUSIONS All tested hydrolyzed LP formulas allowed normal weight gain without being inferior to regular protein eHF in the first 4 months of life. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01143233.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Early nutrition may have long-lasting metabolic impacts in adulthood. Even though breast milk is the gold standard, most infants are at least partly formula-fed. Despite obvious improvements, infant formulas remain perfectible to reduce the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Improvements such as reducing the protein content, modulating the lipid matrix and adding prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are discussed regarding metabolic health. Numerous questions remain to be answered on how impacting the infant formula composition may modulate the host metabolism and exert long-term benefits. Interactions between early nutrition (composition of human milk and infant formula) and the gut microbiota profile, as well as mechanisms connecting gut microbiota to metabolic health, are highlighted. Gut microbiota stands as a key actor in the nutritional programming but additional well-designed longitudinal human studies are needed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang J, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Ni Z, Hao L, Yang N, Yang X. Early feeding of larger volumes of formula milk is associated with greater body weight or overweight in later infancy. Nutr J 2018; 17:12. [PMID: 29368651 PMCID: PMC5784650 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relation between infant feeding and growth has been extensively evaluated, but studies examining the volume of formula milk consumption on infant growth are limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of early feeding of larger volumes of formula on growth and risk of overweight in later infancy. Methods In total, 1093 infants were studied prospectively. Milk records collected at 3 mo of age were used to define the following 3 feeding groups: breast milk feeding (BM, no formula), lower-volume formula milk feeding (LFM, <840 ml formula/d), and higher-volume formula milk feeding (HFM, ≥840 ml formula/d). Body weight and length were measured at 3 time points of 3, 6 and 12 mo of age. Results The results showed that the difference in weight and length between the HFM and BM infants was significant at 3 mo of age (P < 0.05) and continued until 12 mo of age (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean changes in weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) from 3 to 6 mo of age were significantly higher in HFM and LFM group than in BM group. Two-way interactions between feeding practice and age intervals were significant for WLZ changes (P = 0.002) and BAZ changes (P = 0.017). Compared with BM-fed infants, infants fed with HFM had 1.60-fold (95% CI 1.05–2.44) higher odds of greater body weight (1SD < WLZ ≤2 SD) at the age of 6 mo and 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.01–2.37) higher odds of greater body weight and 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.03–4.38) higher odds of overweight (WLZ > 2 SD) at the age of 12 mo. Conclusion Feeding higher volumes of formula in early infancy is associated with greater body weight and overweight in later infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China.,Jiangan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Jiangan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Zemin Ni
- Jiangan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adjei MYB, Amissah JGN, Kunadu APH, Acquaah E, Colecraft E, Otoo GE, Afrifa-Anane E. Drivers-of-Liking (DOL) for Boiled Milk among Women of Reproductive Age and Children Aged between One and Five Years in Peri-Urban Communities in Ghana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:034. [PMID: 33937599 PMCID: PMC7839381 DOI: 10.24966/fsn-1076/100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk is heat treated in different ways to improve the safety of the milk for
consumption. The heat treatment imparts different sensory properties to the milk
that may influence its acceptance by consumers. In Ghana, fresh milk is boiled
and sold locally to consumers. Generally, consumption amongst women of
reproductive age and children under five is low. In this study, the sensory
properties that drive liking for local boiled milk and other heat-treated milks
in women of reproductive age and children between 1 and 5 years of age was
studied. External preference mapping was used to understand the sensory
properties of the milks that were liked by the two consumer groups. The sensory
properties of boiled milk that made women of reproductive age like a particular
product was its sweet and salty taste, smooth mouthfeel and artificial flavour.
For children between 1 and 5 years, the oily aftertaste, boiled egg aroma as
well as its sweet taste made them like the same product as the adults. This
product also had a cooked aroma and flavour which could have influenced liking
in the consumer groups. A small minority of adult consumers liked products that
had a smooth and runny appearance with a raw/uncooked note.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ezekiel Acquaah
- Office of Research, Innovation and Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Esi Colecraft
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Gloria Ethel Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ernest Afrifa-Anane
- Regional Institute of Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Developmental Trajectories of Bottle-Feeding During Infancy and Their Association with Weight Gain. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2017; 38:109-119. [PMID: 27941411 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of bottle-feeding across the first year postpartum and explore whether bottle-feeding trajectories are differentially associated with infant weight gain. METHOD Data came from 1291 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study 2. Mothers completed a prenatal questionnaire and monthly surveys of infant feeding and growth between birth and 12 months. Group-based trajectory mixture modeling was used to describe developmental trajectories of bottle-feeding intensities across the first year. Growth curve modeling was used to explore associations between bottle-feeding intensity trajectory group membership and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) trajectories from birth to 12 months. RESULTS Four qualitatively distinct trajectories of bottle-feeding were identified: (1) High-Stable: ∼100% of feeds from bottles across infancy; (2) Rapid-Increase: <30% of feeds from bottles during the neonatal assessment, increasing to ∼100% by 6 months; (3) Gradual-Increase: <10% of feeds from bottles during the neonatal assessment, gradually increasing to ∼100% by 12 months; and (4) Low-Stable: <5% of feeds from bottles across the majority of infancy. Bottle-feeding groups had significantly different WAZ trajectories across infancy; by 12 months, the High-Stable and Rapid-Increase groups had significantly higher WAZs compared with the Gradual-Increase and Low-Stable groups (p < .001). The association between bottle-feeding group membership and WAZ trajectories was not confounded by sociodemographic characteristics or the extent to which infants received breast milk. CONCLUSION High-intensity bottle use during early infancy may place infants at higher risk for excess weight gain. Supports and policies that help mothers delay high-intensity bottle use until later infancy are warranted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bischoff SC, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Chourdakis M, Cuerda C, Delzenne NM, Deutz NE, Fouque D, Genton L, Gil C, Koletzko B, Leon-Sanz M, Shamir R, Singer J, Singer P, Stroebele-Benschop N, Thorell A, Weimann A, Barazzoni R. Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:917-938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk's Role as an Epigenetic Regulator in Health and Disease. Diseases 2017; 5:diseases5010012. [PMID: 28933365 PMCID: PMC5456335 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the intention of this review to characterize milk's role as an epigenetic regulator in health and disease. Based on translational research, we identify milk as a major epigenetic modulator of gene expression of the milk recipient. Milk is presented as an epigenetic "doping system" of mammalian development. Milk exosome-derived micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) that target DNA methyltransferases are implicated to play the key role in the upregulation of developmental genes such as FTO, INS, and IGF1. In contrast to miRNA-deficient infant formula, breastfeeding via physiological miRNA transfer provides the appropriate signals for adequate epigenetic programming of the newborn infant. Whereas breastfeeding is restricted to the lactation period, continued consumption of cow's milk results in persistent epigenetic upregulation of genes critically involved in the development of diseases of civilization such as diabesity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We hypothesize that the same miRNAs that epigenetically increase lactation, upregulate gene expression of the milk recipient via milk-derived miRNAs. It is of critical concern that persistent consumption of pasteurized cow's milk contaminates the human food chain with bovine miRNAs, that are identical to their human analogs. Commercial interest to enhance dairy lactation performance may further increase the epigenetic miRNA burden for the milk consumer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Standl M, Demmelmair H, Heinrich J, Koletzko B, Thiering E. Cord Blood Metabolome Is Highly Associated with Birth Weight, but Less Predictive for Later Weight Development. Obes Facts 2017; 10:85-100. [PMID: 28376503 PMCID: PMC5644937 DOI: 10.1159/000453001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fetal metabolism may be changed by the exposure to maternal factors, and the route to obesity may already set in utero. Cord blood metabolites might predict growth patterns and later obesity. We aimed to characterize associations of cord blood with birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and BMI in adolescence. METHODS Over 700 cord blood samples were collected from infants participating in the German birth cohort study LISAplus. Glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA), polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and amino acids were analyzed with a targeted, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics platform. Cord blood metabolites were related to growth factors by linear regression models adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Cord blood metabolites were highly associated with birth weight. Lysophosphatidylcholines C16:1, C18:1, C20:3, C18:2, C20:4, C14:0, C16:0, C18:3, GPL-FA C20:3n-9, and GPL-FA C22:5n-6 were positively related to birth weight, while higher cord blood concentrations of NEFA C22:6, NEFA C20:5, GPL-FA C18:3n-3, and PCe C38:0 were associated with lower birth weight. Postnatal weight gain and BMI z-scores in adolescents were not significantly associated with cord blood metabolites after adjustment for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Potential long-term programming effects of the intrauterine environment and metabolism on later health cannot be predicted with profiling of the cord blood metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hellmuth
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Prof. Dr. Berthold Koletzko, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany,
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrenʼs Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patro-Gołąb B, Zalewski BM, Kołodziej M, Kouwenhoven S, Poston L, Godfrey KM, Koletzko B, van Goudoever JB, Szajewska H. Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1245-1257. [PMID: 27749991 PMCID: PMC5325317 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study, performed as part of the international EarlyNutrition research project (http://www.project-earlynutrition.eu), provides a systematic review of systematic reviews on the effects of nutritional interventions or exposures in children (up to 3 years of age) on the subsequent risk of obesity, overweight and adiposity. Electronic databases (including MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library) were searched up until September 2015. Forty systematic reviews were included. A consistent association of breastfeeding with a modest reduction in the risk of later overweight and obesity in childhood and adulthood was found (the odds decreased by 13% based on high-quality studies), but residual confounding cannot be excluded. Lowering the protein content of infant formula is a promising intervention to reduce the risk of later overweight and obesity in children. There is no consistent evidence of an association of the age of introducing complementary foods, sugar-sweetened beverage or energy intake in early childhood with later overweight/obesity, but there are some indications of an association of protein intake during the complementary feeding period with later overweight/obesity. There was inadequate evidence to determine the effects of other nutritional interventions or exposures, including modifications of infant formula composition, fat intake or consumption of different food groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefanie Kouwenhoven
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Poston
- KCL Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and Kings Health Partners, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernard van Goudoever
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Da Costa NM, Visoni SBC, Dos Santos IL, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Ribeiro-Pinto LF. Maternal protein restriction during lactation modulated the expression and activity of rat offspring hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, and CYP2E1 during development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5238. [PMID: 27828666 PMCID: PMC5112539 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early nutrition plays a long-term role in the predisposition to chronic diseases and
influences the metabolism of several drugs. This may happen through cytochromes P450
(CYPs) regulation, which are the main enzymes responsible for the metabolism of
xenobiotics. Here, we analyzed the effects of maternal protein restriction (MPR) on
the expression and activity of hepatic offspring’s CYPs during 90 days after birth,
using Wistar rats as a mammal model. Hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2B2 and
CYP2E1 mRNA and protein expression, and associated catalytic activities (ECOD, EROD,
MROD, BROD, PROD and PNPH) were evaluated in 15-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day-old offspring
from dams fed with either a 0% protein (MPR groups) or a standard diet (C groups)
during the 10 first days of lactation. Results showed that most CYP
genes were induced in 60- and 90-day-old MPR offspring. The inductions detected in
MPR60 and MPR90 were of 5.0- and 2.0-fold (CYP1A2), 3.7- and
2.0-fold (CYP2B2) and 9.8- and 5.8– fold (CYP2E1),
respectively, and a 3.8-fold increase of CYP2B1 in MPR90. No major
alterations were detected in CYP protein expression. The most relevant CYP catalytic
activities’ alterations were observed in EROD, BROD and PNPH. Nevertheless, they did
not follow the same pattern observed for mRNA expression, except for an induction of
EROD in MPR90 (3.5-fold) and of PNPH in MPR60 (2.2-fold). Together, these results
suggest that MPR during lactation was capable of altering the expression and activity
of the hepatic CYP enzymes evaluated in the offspring along development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Meireles Da Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - S B C Visoni
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - I L Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - T C Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L F Ribeiro-Pinto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Koletzko B, Demmelmair H, Grote V, Prell C, Weber M. High protein intake in young children and increased weight gain and obesity risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:303-4. [PMID: 26791192 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Prell
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Weber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thayer ZM, Non AL. Anthropology Meets Epigenetics: Current and Future Directions. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta M. Thayer
- Department of Anthropology; University of Colorado Denver; Denver CO 80217-3364
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology; University of California San Diego La Jolla; CA 92093-0532
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lizárraga-Mollinedo E, Fernández-Millán E, García-San Frutos M, de Toro-Martín J, Fernández-Agulló T, Ros M, Álvarez C, Escrivá F. Early and Long-term Undernutrition in Female Rats Exacerbates the Metabolic Risk Associated with Nutritional Rehabilitation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19353-66. [PMID: 26105051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies have suggested that early undernutrition increases the risk of obesity, thereby explaining the increase in overweight among individuals from developing countries who have been undernourished as children. However, this conclusion is controversial, given that other studies do not concur. This study sought to determine whether rehabilitation after undernutrition increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. We employed a published experimental food-restriction model. Wistar female rats subjected to severe food restriction since fetal stage and controls were transferred to a moderately high-fat diet (cafeteria) provided at 70 days of life to 6.5 months. Another group of undernourished rats were rehabilitated with chow. The energy intake of undernourished animals transferred to cafeteria formula exceeded that of the controls under this regime and was probably driven by hypothalamic disorders in insulin and leptin signal transduction. The cafeteria diet resulted in greater relative increases in both fat and lean body mass in the undernourished rats when compared with controls, enabling the former group to completely catch up in length and body mass index. White adipose tissues of undernourished rats transferred to the high-lipid regime developed a browning which, probably, contributed to avoid the obesigenic effect observed in controls. Nevertheless, the restricted group rehabilitated with cafeteria formula had greater accretion of visceral than subcutaneous fat, showed increased signs of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in visceral pad, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat accumulation. The data indicate that early long-term undernutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to the harmful effects of nutritional rehabilitation, without causing obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lizárraga-Mollinedo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Miriam García-San Frutos
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández-Agulló
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ros
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| |
Collapse
|