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Bär L, Stournaras C, Lang F, Föller M. Regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in health and disease. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1879-1900. [PMID: 31199502 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is mainly produced in the bone and, upon secretion, forms a complex with a FGF receptor and coreceptor αKlotho. FGF23 can exert several endocrine functions, such as inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Moreover, it has paracrine activities on several cell types, including neutrophils and hepatocytes. Klotho and Fgf23 deficiencies result in pathologies otherwise encountered in age-associated diseases, mainly as a result of hyperphosphataemia-dependent calcification. FGF23 levels are also perturbed in the plasma of patients with several disorders, including kidney or cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review mechanisms controlling FGF23 production and discuss how FGF23 regulation is perturbed in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Bär
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Henao Agudelo JS, Baia LC, Ormanji MS, Santos ARP, Machado JR, Saraiva Câmara NO, Navis GJ, de Borst MH, Heilberg IP. Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Inflammation but Does Not Restore Renal Function and Klotho Expression in an Adenine-Induced CKD Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091283. [PMID: 30208590 PMCID: PMC6164930 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease and inflammation promote loss of Klotho expression. Given the well-established anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids, we aimed to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation in a model of CKD. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice received supplementation with an adenine-enriched diet (AD, n = 5) or standard diet (CTL, n = 5) for 10 days. Two other experimental groups were kept under the adenine diet for 10 days. Following adenine withdrawal on the 11th day, the animals returned to a standard diet supplemented with fish oil (Post AD-Fish oil, n = 9) or not (Post AD-CTL, n = 9) for an additional period of 7 days. Results: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control. Post AD-Fish oil animals demonstrated a significant reduction of IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9), and IL-1β compared to Post AD-CTL animals. However, serum creatinine, renal fibrosis, and Klotho were not significantly different in the fish oil-treated group. Furthermore, renal histomorphological changes such as tubular dilatation and interstitial infiltration persisted despite treatment. Conclusions: Fish oil supplementation reduced renal pro-inflammatory markers but was not able to restore renal function nor Klotho expression in an adenine-induced CKD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Henao Agudelo
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro C Baia
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Milene S Ormanji
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amandda R P Santos
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana R Machado
- Tropical Medicine & Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Rua 235 s/n-University Sector, 74605-050 Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Niels O Saraiva Câmara
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, Sala 238, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ita P Heilberg
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang Q, Liu L, Lin W, Yin S, Duan A, Liu Z, Cao W. Rhein reverses Klotho repression via promoter demethylation and protects against kidney and bone injuries in mice with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 91:144-156. [PMID: 27692562 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the medicinal plant rhubarb and mainly used in the clinical treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Rhein exhibits various renoprotective functions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully determined. However, its renoprotective properties recapitulate the role of Klotho, a renal-specific antiaging protein critical for maintaining kidney homeostasis. Here we explored the connections between rhein renoprotection and Klotho in a mouse model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. In addition to being an impressive Klotho upregulator, rhein remarkably reversed renal Klotho deficiency in adenine-treated mice. This effect was associated with significant improvement in disturbed serum biochemistry, profibrogenic protein expression, and kidney and bone damage. Further investigation of the molecular basis of Klotho loss revealed that these kidneys displayed marked inductions of DNA methyltransferase DNMT1/DNMT3a and Klotho promoter hypermethylation, whereas rhein treatment effectively corrected these alterations. The renal protective effects of rhein were largely abolished when Klotho was knocked-down by RNA interferences, suggesting that rhein reversal of Klotho deficiency is essential for its renoprotective actions. Thus, our study clarifies how rhein regulation of Klotho expression contributes to its renoprotection and brings new insights into Klotho-targeted strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; The Key Lab of Jiangsu Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Lin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- The Key Lab of Jiangsu Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wangsen Cao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; The Key Lab of Jiangsu Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Fajol A, Salker MS, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Ghashghaeinia M, Gu S, Jilani K, Lupescu A, Reyskens KMSE, Ackermann TF, Föller M, Schleicher E, Sheffield WP, Arthur JSC, Lang F, Qadri SM. Accelerated apoptotic death and in vivo turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17316. [PMID: 26611568 PMCID: PMC4661433 DOI: 10.1038/srep17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Charité Medical University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,nstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straβe 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William P Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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