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Tajik A, Samadlouie HR, Salek Farrokhi A, Ghasemi A. Optimization of chemical conditions for metabolites production by Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology and investigation of antimicrobial as well as anticancer activities. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1280405. [PMID: 38318131 PMCID: PMC10839005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a medicinal mushroom that is known for its ability to produce compounds with physiological effects on human health. This research was undertaken to amplify the production of bioactive components of G. lucidum under optimal cultivation conditions, obtained in a submerged state and utilized in solid state fermentation, with the purpose of enhancing antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The results indicated that titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs), magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO2 NPs), and B6, along with glucose syrup and CLS syrups, were the most effective for producing GA, while wheat starch and whey protein, along with MgO2 NPs and B6 vitamin, stimulated polysaccharide production using the One Factor at a Time (OFAT) method. After screening, the response surface method (RSM) statistically indicated that the media containing 42.11 g/L wheat starch with 22 g/L whey protein and 50 g/L glucose syrup with 30 g/L CSL were found to be the best conditions for polysaccharide (21.47% of dry weight biomass) and GA (20.35 mg/g dry weight biomass) production, respectively. The moss of the fruit body of G. lucidum produced under optimal GA conditions had the highest diversity in flavonoids and phenolic acids and significant antimicrobial activity against Esherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). In addition, the IC50 levels of shell and stem of G. lucidum were 465.3 and 485.7 μg/mL, respectively, while the moss did not reach 50% inhibition. In the end, the statistical approaches utilized in this research to elevate the levels of bioactive components in the fruiting body of G. lucidum produced a promising natural source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tajik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Samadlouie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Badalyan SM, Hayrapetyan SS. Sterols Content of Fruiting Bodies of Medicinal Artist's Bracket Mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes) Collected in Armenia. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:65-74. [PMID: 37585317 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative analysis of hexane extracts obtained from different trama layers (WT, T1-T4) of dried fruiting bodies of medicinal bracket fungus Ganoderma applanatum collected in the Tavoush region of North-East Armenia was performed by GC-MS analysis. Three sterols [(7.22-ergostadienon, ergosterol and ergosta-14.22-diene-3-ol (3β, 5α, 22E)] have been identified. The results have shown that the content and ratio of sterols differ in analyzed trama samples. The highest amount of sterols was detected in middle parts of T2 and T3 layers, while content of sterols gradually decreased to the upper cortical (T4) and lower hymenial (T1) layers. The chromatographic profiles of identified compounds indicate that different sterols dominated in each layer: 7.22-ergostadienon in T4, ergosterol in T3, T2, and T1. The average weight loss of analyzed trama samples during six days of drying was about 40 wt.% (37.0-43.49 wt.%) of the total weight of basidiome, which decreased up to 5 wt.% in the next two days. The complete extraction of sterols lasted six days. Its further prolongation leads to stationary phase without an increase in the amount of extracted sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Badalyan
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian St., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sergey S Hayrapetyan
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Armenia
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Kolniak-Ostek J, Oszmiański J, Szyjka A, Moreira H, Barg E. Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities in Ganoderma lucidum Wild Mushrooms in Poland, as Well as Their Phenolic and Triterpenoid Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169359. [PMID: 36012645 PMCID: PMC9408863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to the assess anti-cancer and antioxidant properties of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, and to identify bioactive compounds found in their extracts. Significant antiproliferative activity was observed against MCF-7, MCF-7/DX, LOVO, LOVO/DX, MDA-MB 231, SW 620, and NHDF cell lines. With IC50 values of 25.38 µg/mL and 47.90 µg/mL, respectively, the extract was most effective against MDA-MB 231 and SW 620 cell lines. The bioactive compounds were identified using an ACQUITY UPLC-PDA-MS system. The extracts contained 13 triterpenoids and 28 polyphenols from the flavonols, phenolic acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes families. Ganoderic acid derivative was found to be the most abundant triterpenoid (162.4 mg/g DW), followed by ganoderic acid B (145.6 mg/g DW). Resveratrol was the most abundant phenolic in the extract (5155.7 mg/100 g DM). The findings could explain why G. lucidum extracts are used in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolniak-Ostek
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szyjka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Characterization of the Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Roots of Cannabis sativa L. Grown in Aeroponics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050860. [PMID: 35624724 PMCID: PMC9137677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa var. Kompolti, a variety routinely used for food production purposes, is characterized by a low concentration of psychoactive molecules, although containing many other biologically attractive metabolites in all parts of the plant, including the roots. In the present work, we evaluate the specific biological activities of the roots’ extract from plants cultivated through aeroponics, an affordable and reliable method facilitating the isolation and processing of roots, with the advantage of being suitable for industrial scale-up. Furthermore, aeroponics results in an increased net accumulation of the most biologically attractive constituents (β-sitosterol, friedelin and epi-friedelanol) found in the roots. The ethanolic extract of the aeroponic roots of C. sativa (APEX) and its separate components are studied to evaluate their anti-inflammatory (modulation of the expression level of specific markers upon LPS stimulation in U937 cells, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IkB-α, iNOS, IRAK-1 and miR-146a) and antioxidant (in either acellular or cellular settings) activities. The APEX anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are also functionally benchmarked using the wound-healing assay. On the whole, the data obtained show that APEX and its main components showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may render the exploitation of roots as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents highly attractive, with the additional technical and economic advantages of aeroponics compared to soil cultivation.
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Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Zengin G, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Szewczyk A, Jaszek M, Rogalski J, Muszyńska B. Bioactivity and Mycochemical Profile of Extracts from Mycelial Cultures of Ganoderma spp. Molecules 2022; 27:275. [PMID: 35011507 PMCID: PMC8746335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (B.M.)
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Evaluation of Basidiomycetes Wild Strains Grown in Agro-Industrial Residues for Their Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Potential and for the Production of Biocatalysts. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms with the ability to produce both hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) enzymes for degrading cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin. In addition, they produce biologically active natural products with important application in cosmetic formulations, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts. In the present work, three wild strains of Basidiomycetes fungi (Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Abortiporus biennis and Ganoderma resinaceum) from Greek habitats were grown in agro-industrial residues (oil mill wastewater, and corn cob) and evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activity and for the production of biotechnologically relevant enzymes. P. citrinopileatus showed the most interesting tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while A. biennis showed the highest DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging potential. Corn cobs were the most appropriate carbon source for maximizing the inhibitory effect of fungal biomasses on both activities, while the use of oil mill wastewater selectively increased the anti-tyrosinase potential of P. citrinopileatus culture filtrate. All strains were found to be preferential lignin degraders, similarly to most white-rot fungi. Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the proteome of the strains P. citrinopileatus and A. biennis, focusing on CAZymes with biotechnological relevance, and the results were compared with the enzyme activities of culture supernatants. Overall, all three strains showed strong production of oxidative enzymes for biomass conversion applications.
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Shaher F, Qiu H, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wei Y, AL-ward H, Abdulghani MAM, Alenezi SK, Baldi S, Zhou S. Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection of Ganoderma lucidum in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Using Open Targets Platform: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7136075. [PMID: 32775437 PMCID: PMC7397440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7136075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even with substantial advances in cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality rates of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) continually increase. Hence, a feasible therapeutic approach is urgently needed. Objectives. This work is aimed at systemically reviewing literature and addressing cell targets in DCM through the possible cardioprotection of G. lucidum through its antioxidant effects by using the Open Targets Platform (OTP) website. Methods. The OTP website version of 19.11 was accessed in December 2019 to identify the studies in DCM involving G. lucidum. Results. Among the 157 cell targets associated with DCM, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was shared by all evidence, drug, and text mining data with 0.08 score association. mTOR also had the highest score association 0.1 with autophagy in DCM. Among the 1731 studies of indexed PubMed articles on G. lucidum published between 1985 and 2019, 33 addressed the antioxidant effects of G. lucidum and its molecular signal pathways involving oxidative stress and therefore were included in the current work. Conclusion. mTOR is one of the targets by DCM and can be inhibited by the antioxidative properties of G. lucidum directly via scavenging radicals and indirectly via modulating mTOR signal pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway, Erk1/2 signaling, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hisham AL-ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mahfoudh A. M. Abdulghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam Khulaif Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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De Bellis R, Piacentini MP, Meli MA, Mattioli M, Menotta M, Mari M, Valentini L, Palomba L, Desideri D, Chiarantini L. In vitro effects on calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology of an aqueous extract from Ceterach officinarum: Analysis of a potential antilithiatic mechanism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218734. [PMID: 31238335 PMCID: PMC6592703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceterach officinarum Willd is a plant widespread throughout Europe and used in southern Italy as a diuretic. Beliefs in the benefits of C. officinarum aqueous extract in the treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stones are widely held. Little is known, however, about the actual mechanism of its antilithiatic action. Our results in this in vitro study corroborate C. officinarum aqueous extract as a good source of antioxidants with a high antioxidant effects. Our results also demonstrate a major impact of C. officinarum aqueous extract on in vitro induced calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology, showing its critical role in kidney stone formation and/or elimination. We show that progressively increasing doses of C. officinarum aqueous extract cause a sequence of effects. A powerful inhibitory action on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) growth and aggregation is first observed. C. officinarum aqueous extract also appears highly effective in stimulating nucleation increasing the number and reducing the size of COM crystals, which become progressively thinner, rounded and concave in a dose-dependent manner. These shape-modified COM crystals are known to be less adherent to renal tubular cells and more easily excreted through the urinary tract preventing kidney stone formation. Further, C. officinarum aqueous extract promotes the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) rather than the monohydrate so that, at the highest concentrations used, only COD crystals are observed, in significant greater numbers with a clear reduction in their size, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AFM analyses allowed us to reveal the presence of C. officinarum component(s) on the surfaces of COD and modified COM crystals. The crystal surface adsorbed component(s) are shown to be similarly active as the total aqueous extract, suggesting a trigger factor which may direct crystal modification towards COD forms. In urolithiasis pathogenesis COD crystals are less dangerous than the COM forms due to their lower affinity for renal tubular cells. Our results are important in understanding the mechanisms which guide the modification induced by C. officinarum on the crystallization process. Based on these data, together with no adverse toxic effect being observed on the in vitro model of human intestinal enterocytes, C. officinarum aqueous extract could represent an attractive natural therapy for the treatment of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maria Assunta Meli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Mattioli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Laura Valentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Donatella Desideri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Laura Chiarantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU) Italy
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Saltarelli R, Palma F, Gioacchini AM, Calcabrini C, Mancini U, De Bellis R, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities and effects on nuclear DNA of ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:464-473. [PMID: 30513345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (also known as Linghzhi and Reishi) is the most appreciated and revered medicinal mushroom across many Asian countries, but its properties have also attracted interest in Western countries. Indeed, in the West, it is now commercially available as a dietary supplement in preparations mainly made from spores, fruiting bodies and mycelia. It is employed in both nutraceutical and pharmacological formulations either for its immuno-modulating anti-inflammatory properties or as an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases as well as in cancer treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this investigation was to show the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of an ethanolic extract from an Italian mycelial isolate of Ganoderma lucidum and to assess its effects on nuclear DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC/ESI-MS and tandem mass spectrometry MSMS were used to obtain structural identification of ethanolic G. lucidum extract constituents. Antioxidant activities were determined by the DPPH method, chelating effect on Fe2+ and lipoxygenase inhibition while cytotoxic activities using the MTT assay. Effects on nuclear DNA were evaluated using the DNA nicking assay in a cell-free system and the fast halo assay performed on oxidatively injured human U937 cells; apoptosis induction was investigated using the non-denaturing fast halo assay and DNA laddering detection. RESULTS This extract was rich in several bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and triterpenic acids. It showed antioxidant activity and protective effects in oxidatively injured DNA in cell-free analyses and antiproliferative, genotoxic, and proapoptotic effects in the cell model. CONCLUSIONS Italian G. lucidum mycelium isolate appears to be a source of various natural compounds that may have applications as chemopreventive agents or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Gioacchini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, RN, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Rossi P, Difrancia R, Quagliariello V, Savino E, Tralongo P, Randazzo CL, Berretta M. B-glucans from Grifola frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer: an example of complementary and integrative medicine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24837-24856. [PMID: 29872510 PMCID: PMC5973856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary and medicinal mushrooms are widely used in Asian countries, both as dietary supplements and as nutraceutical foods. They have recently become popular in Europe, as well, for their nutritional and health benefits. In particular, epidemiological studies conducted in Asia suggest that mushroom intake, together with other phytotherapy substances, protects against cancer, specifically gastrointestinal (GI) and breast cancers. Most of the data come from in vitro studies and in vivo experimental animal models. Therefore, in order to translate the updated knowledge to clinical research (i.e., from bench to bedside) a systematic translational research program should be initiated. Future randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of G. frondosa and G. lucidum on conventional treatment outcomes are warranted. The purpose of this review was to describe the emerging mechanisms of action of the mushrooms' anticancer functions which makes their use in clinical practice so promising. Clinical effects of mycotherapy (specifically, the use of Ganoderma lucidum and Grifola frondosa) on long-term survival, tumor response, host immune functions, inflammation, and QoL in cancer patients were also addressed. Adverse events associated with mycotherapy were also investigated. Emerging data point to a potential role of G. lucidum for modulating the carcinogenic potential of GI microbiota, which suggests a new complementary and integrated approach to breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS - Foundation G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano (PN), Italy
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Veljović S, Veljović M, Nikićević N, Despotović S, Radulović S, Nikšić M, Filipović L. Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:1312-1320. [PMID: 28416882 PMCID: PMC5380636 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The content of phenolic compounds (TPC) and glucans, as well as the effectiveness of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts were determined and compared. The content of glucans (total, α- and β-) strongly depended on the extraction time and particle size, but only interaction of these parameters influenced the TPC. Gallic acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, kaempferol, hesperetin and naringenin were detected in extracts by HPLC-DAD. The most abundant phenols were hesperetin (1.875-3.222 µg/g) and naringenin (1.235-2.856 µg/g). The ethanol extracts exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, but the significant amount of phenolic compounds was strongly linked to polysaccharides, and hence reduced their antioxidant capacity. The results of the antiproliferative activity in vitro showed that the analyzed extracts were the most effective against HeLa cells. Significant correlations were observed between the antiproliferative effect and the TPC/glucan content of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Veljović
- Department for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Economics Institute, University of Belgrade, KraljaMilana 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mile Veljović
- Department for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ninoslav Nikićević
- Department for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Despotović
- Department for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomir Nikšić
- Department for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lana Filipović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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