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Tsolakis IA, Christopoulou I, Sitaras S, Lyros I, Rontogianni A, Dalampira M, Tsolakis AI. Molecular and Biological Aspects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Possibilities for Bioengineering Intervention: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1275. [PMID: 38002399 PMCID: PMC10669634 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current review's goal is to examine, with a critical eye, the effect of various biomedical parameters on orthodontic tooth movement in an attempt to provide the reader with related mechanisms of this issue focusing on certain key points. METHODS This critical review was conducted using the following keywords in the search strategy: "biomedical molecules", "biomarkers", "orthodontics", "orthodontic tooth movement", "acceleration", "gene therapy", and "stem cells". Cochrane Library, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus were the databases that were used for the electronic search. Studies published until June 2023 were considered. RESULTS The use of biomedical approaches in orthodontic tooth movement has been investigated via different procedures and applications. Surgical approaches, biomarkers affecting orthodontic tooth movement, different biological events and mechanisms, RANK, RANK-L, OPG molecular triad, and vibration methods are the basic parameters of biomedical interventions that are examined in the present review. CONCLUSIONS The biomedical approach seems to offer a variety of applications to control orthodontic tooth movement. The scarcity of human studies, as well as the high cost and complexity of these methods, currently limit the available accurate data concerning this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Isidora Christopoulou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Symeon Sitaras
- Private Practice, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Aliki Rontogianni
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Dalampira
- Private Practice, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.C.); (I.L.); (A.R.)
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Dawood HM, Kroeger A, Chavda V, Chapple ILC, Kebschull M. Under pressure-mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:612-626. [PMID: 37366151 PMCID: PMC10505745 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications. OBJECTIVE To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies. SEARCH METHODS We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces-with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Dawood
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annika Kroeger
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinay Chavda
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Yan L, Liao L, Su X. Role of mechano-sensitive non-coding RNAs in bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement: recent advances. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 36581789 PMCID: PMC9800683 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement relies on bone remodeling and periodontal tissue regeneration in response to the complicated mechanical cues on the compressive and tensive side. In general, mechanical stimulus regulates the expression of mechano-sensitive coding and non-coding genes, which in turn affects how cells are involved in bone remodeling. Growing numbers of non-coding RNAs, particularly mechano-sensitive non-coding RNA, have been verified to be essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and have revealed how they interact with signaling molecules to do so. This review summarizes recent findings of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, as crucial regulators of gene expression responding to mechanical stimulation, and outlines their roles in bone deposition and resorption. We focused on multiple mechano-sensitive miRNAs such as miR-21, - 29, -34, -103, -494-3p, -1246, -138-5p, -503-5p, and -3198 that play a critical role in osteogenesis function and bone resorption. The emerging roles of force-dependent regulation of lncRNAs in bone remodeling are also discussed extensively. We summarized mechano-sensitive lncRNA XIST, H19, and MALAT1 along with other lncRNAs involved in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Ultimately, we look forward to the prospects of the novel application of non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics for tooth movement and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kurita T, Li X, Bhawal UK. Crosstalk between microRNA-21–5p and the transcription factor Dec1 maintains osteoblast function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang W, Wang M, Guo X, Zhao Y, Ahmed MMS, Qi H, Chen X. Effect of Tensile Frequency on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5957-5971. [PMID: 35811779 PMCID: PMC9259061 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s368394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in mediating osteogenesis involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is well established. However, various relevant in vitro studies vary in the frequency of tension. The effect of tensile frequency on the mechanotransduction of PDLSCs is not clear. The current study aimed to determine the effect of different tensile frequencies on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify important mechano-sensitivity genes. Methods Human PDLSCs were isolated, identified, and subjected to cyclic equibiaxial tensile strain of 12% at different frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 0.7 Hz, or static cultures. Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was assessed by using Western blotting. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differential mRNA expression. Short time-series expression miner (STEM) was utilized to describe the frequency patterns of the mRNAs. The functions and enriched pathways were identified, and the hub genes were identified and validated. Results We found that the osteoblastic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs increased with tensile frequency in the range of 0.1–0.7 Hz. Eight frequency-tendency gene expression profiles were identified to be statistically significant. Tensile frequency-specific expressed genes, such as SALL1 and EYA1, which decreased with the increase in tensile frequency, were found. Conclusion The osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs under mechanical tensile force is frequency dependent. EYA1 and SALL1 were identified as potential important tensile frequency-sensitive genes, which may contribute to the cyclic tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in a frequency-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Madiha Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Qi, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18161839153, Email
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Xi Chen, Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 227 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13038598996, Email
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Mechanical force-sensitive lncRNA SNHG8 inhibits osteogenic differentiation by regulating EZH2 in hPDLSCs. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Prognosis and Biological Function of miR-3195 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:169-176. [PMID: 35046724 PMCID: PMC8761076 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s345618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer has the highest mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Among the subtypes of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of cases. The present study evaluated the potential prognostic value and biological function of miR-3195 in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 129 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in this study. The expression of miR-3195 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to elucidate the prognostic value of miR-3195. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell cell migration experiments were carried out to explore the effective effect of miR-3195 on the biological behavior of NSCLC cells. RESULTS The expression of miR-3195 was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the decreased expression of miR-3195 was correlated with positive lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage. The overall survival of patients with low expression of miR-3195 was worse than those with high expression of miR-3195. Furthermore, miR-3195 was an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival in patients with NSCLC. Enhanced expression of miR-3195 restrained cell growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC tumor cells, while attenuation of miR-3195 expression augmented cell proliferation activities, migration, and invasion potential. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that miR-3195 may be used as a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC and is likely to act as a tumor suppressor for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huibiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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MiR-874-3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:1146-1153. [PMID: 34484582 PMCID: PMC8403793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Previous studies have shown that miR-874 is considered to be an important regulatory factor that participated in osteoclast differentiation. The role of miR-874-3p on osteoclast differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblast(hPDLF), however, is still unclear. This study was aimed to delve into the related molecular mechanism of miR-874-3p on hPDLF osteoclast differentiation. Materials and methods The qRT-PCR assays were applied to check miR-874-3p and WNT3A expression levels during the osteoclast differentiation of hPDLF. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays and alizarin red staining assays were applied to appraise the degree of hPDLF osteoclast differentiation. Bioinformatics method and dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed together to anticipate and certify the interaction between miR-874-3p and WNT3A. Western blot assay was applied to examine the β-catenin and WNT3A expression in transfected hPDLF. Results In this study, the results indicated that the expression level of miR-874-3p was gradually down-regulated while WNT3A was concomitantly increased during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLF. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-874-3p would inhibit or promote WNT3A and β-catenin protein expression as well as osteogenic differentiation of hPDLF, respectively. Further research indicated that miR-874-3p directly regulated WNT3A expression via coupling with the 3′-UTR of WNT3A. Finally, upregulation of WNT3A expression levels rescues β-catenin expression levels and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLF inhibited by miR-874-3p was explored. Conclusion MiR-874-3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation of hPDLF through regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Gao K, Dou Y, Lv M, Zhu Y, Hu S, Ma P. Research hotspots and trends of microRNA in periodontology and dental implantology: a bibliometric analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1122. [PMID: 34430563 PMCID: PMC8350631 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a leading cause of tooth loss, and microRNA (miRNA) has been shown to regulate various biological processes. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the literature related to miRNA in periodontology and dental implantology and summarize the research hotspots and trends in this field. Methods Literature records from 1985 to 2020 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. After manual selection, the data was used for cooperative network analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and reference co-citation analysis and visualized by CiteSpace. Results A total of 287 papers were analyzed between 2007 and 2020, and more than 95% of them were published in the past decade. The largest number of publications were from China, followed by the USA and Japan. The direct cooperation among the productive institutions was not close. At present, most of the research belongs to the discipline of dentistry, oral surgery, cell biology, and molecular biology. Literature clusters generated by reference co-citation analysis and keyword co-occurrence network showed that previous studies mainly focused on four hotspots: periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), the pathological process of periodontitis, osteogenic differentiation/bone regeneration, and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Conclusions The therapeutic potential of miRNA in promoting bone formation and how the ceRNA network contributes to miRNA regulation at a deeper level have become the two main research trends of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Gao
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Dou
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao Lv
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Hu
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cyclic tensile strain affects the response of human periodontal ligament stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:609-622. [PMID: 34185172 PMCID: PMC8791913 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Orthodontic treatment in adult patients predisposed to mild or severe periodontal disease is challenging for orthodontists. Orthodontic malpractice or hyper-occlusal forces may aggravate periodontitis-induced destruction of periodontal tissues, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the combined effect of mechanical stress and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) was investigated. Materials and methods hPDLSCs from 5 healthy donors were treated with TNF-α and/or subjected to cyclic tensile strain (CTS) of 6% or 12% elongation with 0.1 Hz for 6- and 24 h. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and cell adhesion molecules VCAM and ICAM was analyzed by qPCR. The protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in conditioned media was measured by ELISA. The surface expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was quantified by immunostaining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Results TNF-α-induced IL-6 gene and protein expression was inhibited by CTS, whereas TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression was decreased at mRNA expression level but enhanced at the protein level in a magnitude-dependent manner. CTS downregulated the gene expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 under TNF-α stimulation, but the downregulation of the surface expression analyzed by flow cytometry was observed chiefly for VCAM-1. Conclusions Our findings show that mechanical force differentially regulates TNF-α-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules at the early stage of force application. The effect of cyclic tensile strain is complex and could be either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory depending on the type of pro-inflammatory mediators and force magnitude. Clinical relevance Orthodontic forces regulate the inflammatory mediators of periodontitis. The underlying mechanism may have significant implications for future strategies of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8.
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Ahmad P, Stoddart MJ, Della Bella E. The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA & RECONSTRUCTION OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2472751221999229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, are the most common causes of bone tissue destruction. Periodontitis often leads to loss of connective tissue homeostasis and reduced alveolar bone levels. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a population of multipotent stem cells derived from periodontal ligament tissues, are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), have been proposed as vital regulators influencing several differentiation processes including bone regeneration. Still, the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs remain poorly understood. Exploring the influence of ncRNAs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs may provide novel therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration as the regeneration of the lost periodontium is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN, Limjeerajarus N, Osathanon T, Egusa H. Mechanical loading and the control of stem cell behavior. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105092. [PMID: 33652301 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical stimulation regulates many cell responses. The present study describes the effects of different in vitro mechanical stimulation approaches on stem cell behavior. DESIGN The narrative review approach was performed. The articles published in English language that addressed the effects of mechanical force on stem cells were searched on Pubmed and Scopus database. The effects of extrinsic mechanical force on stem cell response was reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Cells sense mechanical stimuli by the function of mechanoreceptors and further transduce force stimulation into intracellular signaling. Cell responses to mechanical stimuli depend on several factors including type, magnitude, and duration. Further, similar mechanical stimuli exhibit distinct cell responses based on numerous factors including cell type and differentiation stage. Various mechanical applications modulate stemness maintenance and cell differentiation toward specific lineages. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force application modulates stemness maintenance and differentiation. Modification of force regimens could be utilized to precisely control appropriate stem cell behavior toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Oka S, Li X, Zhang F, Tewari N, Ma R, Zhong L, Makishima M, Liu Y, Bhawal UK. MicroRNA-21 facilitates osteoblast activity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 25:100894. [PMID: 33426313 PMCID: PMC7782325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are emerging as critical post-transcriptional modulators in bone remodeling, regulating the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Intercellular crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is mediated by miR-21 that controls the bone homeostasis response, providing potential targets for the maintenance of osteoblast function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-21 on osteoblast function, and to explore the underlying mechanism. Increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and accelerated matrix mineralization was observed in mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells compared with the non-induction (control) group. MiR-21 positively regulates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by facilitating the expression of key osteogenic factors (ALP, Runx2, Osteopontin (OPN), Osterix (OSX) and Mef2c) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, a deficiency of miR-21 suppresses the expression of those factors at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that miR-21 is a positive regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. H-E staining, Azan staining, Masson's Trichrome staining and Toluidine blue staining were performed in jaw and femur tissues of miR-21 knockout (miR-21KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed substantially lower levels of ALP, Runx2 and OSX expression in jaw and femur tissues of miR-21KO mice. A similar trend was observed in femur tissues using quantitative real-time (RT) PCR. A total of 17 osteogenesis-related mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in miR-21KO femur tissues using Mouse Gene Expression Microarray analysis. GeneSpring and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed several potential target genes that are involved in bone remodeling, such as IL-1β and HIF-1α. Several important pathways were determined to be facilitators of miR-21, which provides a reliable reference for future studies to elucidate the biological mechanisms of osteoblast function. Taken together, these results lead us to hypothesize a potential role for miR-21 in regulating osteoblast function, thus representing a potential biomarker of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Oka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengzhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ri Ma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontology, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu H, Yang Q, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. The long non-coding RNA landscape of periodontal ligament stem cells subjected to compressive force. Eur J Orthod 2020; 41:333-342. [PMID: 30169774 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) during orthodontic tooth movement remains unclear. We explored the lncRNA landscape of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) subjected to compressive force. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLSCs were subjected to static compressive stress (2 g/cm2) for 12 hours. Total RNA was then extracted and sequenced to measure changes in lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of certain lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were also performed. RESULTS In total, 90 lncRNAs and 519 mRNAs were differentially expressed in PDLSCs under compressive stress. Of the lncRNAs, 72 were upregulated and 18 downregulated. The levels of eight lncRNAs of interest (FER1L4, HIF1A-AS2, MIAT, NEAT1, ADAMTS9-AS2, LUCAT1, MIR31HG, and DHFRP1) were measured via qRT-PCR, and the results were found to be consistent with those of RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that a wide range of biological functions were expressed during compressive loading; most differentially expressed genes were involved in extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, and the cellular response to hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA expression profile was significantly altered in PDLSCs subjected to compressive stress. These findings expand our understanding of molecular regulation in the mechanoresponse of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Qiaolin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang B, Yang L, Zheng W, Lin T. MicroRNA-34 expression in gingival crevicular fluid correlated with orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:702-706. [PMID: 33378474 PMCID: PMC8032257 DOI: 10.2319/090219-574.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the expression of miR-34a and its effect on expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients, age 12-18 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment were enrolled. The expression of miR-34a and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-14) were detected in gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction at different time points. The miR-34a mimics or inhibitors were transfected into human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, and the MMP expression was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The miR-34 expression in GCF on both the tension and pressure sides after orthodontic treatment were significantly downregulated, while the levels of MMPs were significantly upregulated compared with baseline level. The levels of miR-34 and MMPs returned to baseline level 3 months after orthodontic treatment. The expression of miR-34 was negatively correlated with the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14. After transfection with miR-34, the MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression by hPDL cells were significantly downregulated compared with miR-control and miR-34 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Downregulated miR-34 expression was positively correlated with MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression. The miR-34a transfection into hPDL cells inhibited expression of MMPs. The results suggest that miR-34a is involved in expression of MMPs during OTM.
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Potekhina Y, Filatova A, Tregubova E, Mokhov D. Mechanosensitivity of Cells and Its Role in the Regulation of Physiological Functions and the Implementation of Physiotherapeutic Effects (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2020; 12:77-89. [PMID: 34795996 PMCID: PMC8596276 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory signals in the body are not limited to chemical and electrical ones. There is another type of important signals for cells: those are mechanical signals (coming from the environment or arising from within the body), which have been less known in the literature. The review summarizes new information on the mechanosensitivity of various cells of connective tissue and nervous system. Participation of mechanical stimuli in the regulation of growth, development, differentiation, and functioning of tissues is described. The data focus on bone remodeling, wound healing, neurite growth, and the formation of neural networks. Mechanotransduction, cellular organelles, and mechanosensitive molecules involved in these processes are discussed as well as the role of the extracellular matrix. The importance of mechanical characteristics of cells in the pathogenesis of diseases is highlighted. Finally, the possible role of mechanosensitivity in mediating the physiotherapeutic effects is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu.P. Potekhina
- Professor, Department of Normal Physiology named after N.Y. Belenkov; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - A.I. Filatova
- Student, Faculty of Pediatrics; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E.S. Tregubova
- Professor, Department of Osteopathy; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia; Associate Professor, Institute of Osteopathy; Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - D.E. Mokhov
- Head of the Department of Osteopathy; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russia; Director of the Institute of Osteopathy Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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17
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Spitz A, Christovam IO, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson DF, Adesse D, Maia LC, Bolognese AM. Global gene expression profile of periodontal ligament cells submitted to mechanical loading: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104884. [PMID: 32877888 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence reporting gene expression array data of human in vitro cultured periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) submitted to static mechanical loading compared to a control group. DESIGN Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, The Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe up to June 2019. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These were grouped according to the culture method (2D or 3D), force type (compression or tension) and observation time. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence (CoE) were assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist and the GRADE tool, respectively. RESULTS Of eight studies included (all rated as having moderate RoB), only two provided the complete list of DEGs and four studies performed GO, gene network or pathways analysis. "Cell proliferation", "cell-cell signaling", "response to hypoxia and to mechanical stimulus" were among the significantly enriched biological processes in 3D-cultured compressed PDLCs (moderate CoE); while "collagen catabolic process", "extracellular matrix organization" and "cell proliferation" were associated with DEGs of 3D-cultured PDLCs submitted to tension (very low CoE). Biological processes significantly enriched in 2D-cultured PDLCs under compression were "extracellular matrix organization", "canonical glycolysis" and "glycolytic process" (very low CoE). CONCLUSION Genes such as NR4A2, NR4A3, NAMPT, PGK1, and REDD1 are suggested as novel biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Limited amount of evidence on the complete gene expression profile and the high heterogeneity in methodologies make it impossible to obtain definite conclusions. New studies following standardized and well-designed in vitro model and reporting complete gene expression datasets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Spitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ilana Oliveira Christovam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Ferreira Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bl L, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-90, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Bolognese
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
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18
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Wang H, Feng C, Li M, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wei F. Analysis of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs networks in periodontal ligament stem cells under mechanical force. Oral Dis 2020; 27:325-337. [PMID: 32620026 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aims to analyze the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and investigate the potential regulatory networks among lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under mechanical force (MF). MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLSCs were isolated from human periodontal ligament tissues and identified by flow cytometry analysis. Multidirectional differentiation potential of PDLSCs was obtained by osteogenic and adipogenic induction. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in PDLSCs under MF. MF-responsive miRNAs were obtained from the previous microarray data. LncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs networks were constructed by Cytoscape. RESULTS PDLSCs cultured from the periodontal ligament tissues were positive for STRO-1, CD146 and negative for CD45, CD34. Alizarin red staining and Oil Red O staining showed that PDLSCs had the ability of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Then, a total of 1,339 and 1,426 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified, respectively, in PDLSCs under MF. Based on the previous miRNA microarray analysis, the potential interaction networks of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs were constructed. It was found that lncRNAs and mRNAs could competitively interact with the same miRNA. CONCLUSIONS LncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs networks were involved in PDLSCs under MF, which might provide a novel mechanism in the regulation of clinical orthodontic tooth movement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Jinan Hospital for Nationalities, Jinan, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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19
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Qiu W, Wu BL, Fang FC. Overview of noncoding RNAs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:251-265. [PMID: 32399134 PMCID: PMC7202925 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases that are characterized by progressive damage to dental support tissue. The major goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the periodontium destroyed by periodontal diseases. Human periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue possesses periodontal regenerative properties, and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with the capacity for osteogenic differentiation show strong potential in clinical application for periodontium repair and regeneration. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include a substantial portion of poly-A tail mature RNAs, are considered “transcriptional noise.” Recent studies show that ncRNAs play a major role in PDLSC differentiation; therefore, exploring how ncRNAs participate in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs may help to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and further shed light on the potential of stem cell transplantation for periodontium regeneration. In this review paper, we discuss the history of PDLSC research and highlight the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bu-Ling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu-Chun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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20
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Li M, Zhang Z, Gu X, Jin Y, Feng C, Yang S, Wei F. MicroRNA-21 affects mechanical force-induced midpalatal suture remodelling. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12697. [PMID: 31713930 PMCID: PMC6985676 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives miR‐21 can promote osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. However, the effect of miR‐21 on bone remodelling in the midpalatal suture is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of miR‐21 on the midpalatal suture bone remodelling by expanding the palatal sutures. Materials and methods miR‐21 deficient (miR‐21−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice were used to establish animal models by expanding the palatal sutures. Micro‐CT, haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, fluorescence labelling and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the function of miR‐21 in midpalatal suture bone remodelling. Besides, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from both miR‐21−/− and WT mice were cultured. The MTT, CCK8, EdU analysis, transwell and wound healing test were used to assess the effects of miR‐21 on the characteristics of cells. Results The expression of ALP was suppressed in miR‐21‐/‐ mice after expansion except 28 days. The expression of Ocn in WT mice was much higher than that of miR‐21‐/‐ mice. Besides, with mechanical force, miR‐21 deficiency downregulated the expression of Opg, upregulated the expression of Rankl, and induced more osteoclasts as TRAP staining showed. After injecting agomir‐21 to miR‐21‐/‐ mice, the expression of Alp, Ocn and Opg/Rankl were rescued. In vitro, the experiments suggested that miR‐21 deficiency reduced proliferation and migration ability of BMSCs. Conclusions The results showed that miR‐21 deficiency reduced the rate of bone formation and prolonged the process of bone formation. miR‐21 regulated the bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis by affecting the cell abilities of proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuge Gu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Shuangyan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Chen D, Xiang M, Gong Y, Xu L, Zhang T, He Y, Zhou M, Xin L, Li J, Song J. LIPUS promotes FOXO1 accumulation by downregulating miR-182 to enhance osteogenic differentiation in hPDLCs. Biochimie 2019; 165:219-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Mechanical Stress Modulates the RANKL/OPG System of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via α7 nAChR in Human Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5326341. [PMID: 31191674 PMCID: PMC6525817 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5326341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) modulate root resorption of human deciduous teeth under mechanical stress. In this investigation, the PDLSCs were derived from deciduous and permanent teeth at different stages of root resorption. A cyclic hydraulic pressure was applied on the PDLSCs to mimic chewing forces in the oral environment. The cultured cells were characterized using osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting analysis. The PDLSCs exhibited the ability to induce osteoclast differentiation under certain mechanical stresses. As the expressions of RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were significantly reduced, the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was upregulated increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. Under hydrodynamic pressure at 0-135 kPa, the expressions of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR), p-GSK-3β, and active-β-catenin were markedly upregulated in PDLSCs from unresorbed deciduous teeth. Treatment with the α7 nAChR inhibitor alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) and the Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 may reverse the mechanical stress inducing upregulation of RANKL and reduction of RUNX2, ALP, and OPG. Alizarin red staining confirmed these results. The mechanical stress applied on the deciduous tooth PDLSCs can induce osteoclastic effects through upregulation of α7 nAChR and activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. It can be suggested that chewing forces may play a major role at the beginning of the physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.
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Wang H, Feng C, Jin Y, Tan W, Wei F. Identification and characterization of circular RNAs involved in mechanical force-induced periodontal ligament stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10166-10177. [PMID: 30422310 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in signal transduction during cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a posttranscriptional manner. Recently, circRNAs have been proved to be a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. However, whether circRNAs can respond to mechanical force (MF) and impact on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) process remain unknown. Here, we investigated the circRNAs expression patterns in PDLSCs induced by MF and found that circRNAs were responsive to the MF in PDLSCs. Through the valid reads' distribution analysis, we found that the majority of reads in both the control PDLSCs and the MF-induced PDLSCs were distributed in exons. Then we analyzed Gene Ontology terms of genes that overlap with or are neighbors of the stress-responsive circRNAs and found unique enrichment patterns in biological processes, molecular function, and cellular component of PDLSCs. Next, we predicted the possible functions of circRNAs through circRNAs-miRNAs networks. We found that one circRNA may regulate one or several miRNA/miRNAs and one miRNA may interact with one or multiple circRNA/circRNAs. Importantly, a number of circRNAs were predicted to directly or indirectly regulate miRNAs-mediated osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. For instance, circRNA3140 was highly and widely associated with microRNA-21, which plays a critical role in MF-induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism that MF can induce the expression changes of circRNAs in PDLSCs, which may modulate the OTM process and the alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanye Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mechanobiology of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6531216. [PMID: 30305820 PMCID: PMC6166363 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6531216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. They play a crucial role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis and also participated in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Various studies have applied controlled mechanical stimulation to PDLSCs and investigated the effects of orthodontic force on PDLSCs. Physical stimuli can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of PDLSCs. During the past decade, a variety of studies has demonstrated that applied forces can activate different signaling pathways in PDLSCs, including MAPK, TGF-β/Smad, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Besides, recent advances have highlighted the critical role of orthodontic force in PDLSC fate through mediators, such as IL-11, CTHRC1, miR-21, and H2S. This perspective review critically discusses the PDLSC fate to physical force in vitro and orthodontic force in vivo, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism involved in OTM.
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25
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Bone remodeling induced by mechanical forces is regulated by miRNAs. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180448. [PMID: 29844019 PMCID: PMC6028748 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between mechanical force and alveolar bone remodeling is an important issue in orthodontics because tooth movement is dependent on the response of bone tissue to the mechanical force induced by the appliances used. Mechanical cyclical stretch (MCS), fluid shear stress (FSS), compression, and microgravity play different roles in the cell differentiation and proliferation involved in bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, particularly the molecular pathways regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play essential roles in bone remodeling. Amongst the various ncRNAs, miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that inhibit the expression of their target genes. miRNAs are considered key regulators of many biologic processes including bone remodeling. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in mechanical force-induced bone metabolism.
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26
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Osteoblast-targeted delivery of miR-33-5p attenuates osteopenia development induced by mechanical unloading in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:170. [PMID: 29415986 PMCID: PMC5833703 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating osteoblasts and bone metabolism. However, the effects of miRNAs in osteoblast mechanotransduction remain to be defined. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of miR-33-5p in osteoblasts and tested its anti-osteopenia effect when delivered by an osteoblast-targeting delivery system in vivo. First, we demonstrated that miR-33-5p could promote the activity and mineralization of osteoblasts without influencing their proliferation in vitro. Then our data showed that supplementing miR-33-5p in osteoblasts by a targeted delivery system partially recovered the osteopenia induced by mechanical unloading at the biochemical, microstructural, and biomechanical levels. In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-33-5p is a key factor in the occurrence and development of the osteopenia induced by mechanical unloading. In addition, targeted delivery of the mimics of miR-33-5p is a promising new strategy for the treatment of pathological osteopenia.
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27
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Frith JE, Kusuma GD, Carthew J, Li F, Cloonan N, Gomez GA, Cooper-White JJ. Mechanically-sensitive miRNAs bias human mesenchymal stem cell fate via mTOR signalling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29343687 PMCID: PMC5772625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a strong driver of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate. In vitro, variations in matrix mechanics invoke changes in MSC proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, when incorporating MSCs within injectable, inherently soft hydrogels, this dominance over MSC response substantially limits our ability to couple the ease of application of hydrogels with efficiently directed MSC differentiation, especially in the case of bone generation. Here, we identify differential miRNA expression in response to varying hydrogel stiffness and RhoA activity. We show that modulation of miR-100-5p and miR-143-3p can be used to bias MSC fate and provide mechanistic insight by demonstrating convergence on mTOR signalling. By modulating these mechanosensitive miRNAs, we can enhance osteogenesis in a soft 3D hydrogel. The outcomes of this study provide new understanding of the mechanisms regulating MSC mechanotransduction and differentiation, but also a novel strategy with which to drive MSC fate and significantly impact MSC-based tissue-engineering applications. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate can be mechanically regulated by substrate stiffness but this is difficult to control in a 3D hydrogel. Here the authors identify miRNAs that change expression in response to substrate stiffness and RhoA signalling and show that they can bias MSC fate in a 3D soft hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 3072, Australia.
| | - Gina D Kusuma
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Central, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Cell Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 3072, Australia
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 3072, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 3072, Australia.,Biomedical Manufacturing Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, 3169, Australia
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28
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Yoo JH, Lee SM, Bae MK, Lee DJ, Ko CC, Kim YI, Kim HJ. Effect of orthodontic forces on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:438-445. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Yoo
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital
| | - Moon Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital
- Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
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29
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Gu X, Li M, Jin Y, Liu D, Wei F. Identification and integrated analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs reveal the potential ceRNA networks during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. BMC Genet 2017; 18:100. [PMID: 29197342 PMCID: PMC5712120 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have been exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) osteogenic differentiation. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were shown to function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on their target genes during cell differentiation. However, comprehensive identification and integrated analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs acting as ceRNAs during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation have not been performed. Results PDLSCs were derived from healthy human periodontal ligament and cultured separately with osteogenic induction and normal media for 7 days. Cultured PDLSCs were positive for STRO-1 and CD146 and negative for CD31 and CD45. Osteo-induced PDLSCs showed increased ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity and up-regulated expression levels of the osteogenesis-related markers ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin. Then, a total of 960 lncRNAs and 1456 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed by RNA sequencing. The expression profiles of eight lncRNAs and eight circRNAs were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were shown to agree with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, the potential functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs as ceRNAs were predicted based on miRanda and were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In total, 147 lncRNAs and 1382 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 148 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 744 messenger RNAs. These mRNAs were predicted to significantly participate in osteoblast differentiation, the MAPK pathway, the Wnt pathway and the signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Among them, lncRNAs coded as TCONS_00212979 and TCONS_00212984, as well as circRNA BANP and circRNA ITCH, might interact with miRNA34a and miRNA146a to regulate PDLSC osteogenic differentiation via the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This study comprehensively identified lncRNAs/circRNAs and first integrated their potential ceRNA function during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that specific lncRNAs and circRNAs might function as ceRNAs to promote PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and periodontal regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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30
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MicroRNA-21 regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by targeting Smad5. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16608. [PMID: 29192241 PMCID: PMC5709498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental and craniofacial tissues that exhibit high potential for differentiation into osteoblasts. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been established to play important roles in MSC osteogenesis. In the current study, we report that miR-21 was down-regulated in osteogenically differentiated PDLSCs. Overexpression of miR-21 significantly inhibited osteogenesis of hPDLSC, whereas its inhibition demonstrated the opposite effects. Furthermore, SMAD family member 5 (Smad5) was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-21 and was shown to undergo up-regulation in PDLSCs induced toward osteogenesis. Moreover, Smad5 and Runx2, which are the critical transcription factors in osteogenic differentiation, were predicted to be targets of miR-21. Suppression of miR-21 expression increased the level of Smad5 in vitro and during in vivo transplantation experiments. Furthermore, suppression of Smad5 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and decreased the protein level of Runx2. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-21 be mechanistically implicated in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting Smad5.
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31
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Mechanosensitive miRNAs and Bone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081684. [PMID: 28767056 PMCID: PMC5578074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli are required for the maintenance of skeletal integrity and bone mass. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that multiple regulators (e.g., hormone, cytoskeleton proteins and signaling pathways) are involved in the mechanical stimuli modulating the activities of osteogenic cells and the process of bone formation. Significantly, recent studies have showed that several microRNAs (miRNAs) were sensitive to various mechanical stimuli and played a crucial role in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. However, the functional roles and further mechanisms of mechanosensitive miRNAs in bone formation are not yet completely understood. This review highlights the roles of mechanosensitive miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation and underlines their potential therapeutic application for bone loss induced by the altering of mechanical stimuli.
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32
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Xu HY, Nie EM, Deng G, Lai LZ, Sun FY, Tian H, Fang FC, Zou YG, Wu BL, Ou-Yang J. Periostin is essential for periodontal ligament remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1800-1806. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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33
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Williams DF. Biocompatibility Pathways: Biomaterials-Induced Sterile Inflammation, Mechanotransduction, and Principles of Biocompatibility Control. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Williams
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Richard H. Dean Biomedical Building, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
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34
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Wang L, Hu H, Cheng Y, Chen J, Bao C, Zou S, Wu G. Screening the Expression Changes in MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Mature Cementoblasts Stimulated with Cyclic Tensile Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122024. [PMID: 27941605 PMCID: PMC5187824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum is a thin layer of cementoblast-produced mineralized tissue covering the root surfaces of teeth. Mechanical forces, which are produced during masticatory activity, play a paramount role in stimulating cementoblastogenesis, which thereby facilitates the maintenance, remodeling and integrity of cementum. However, hitherto, the extent to which a post-transcriptional modulation mechanism is involved in this process has rarely been reported. In this study, a mature murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 cells (immortalized osteocalcin positive cementoblasts) was cultured and subjected to cyclic tensile stress (0.5 Hz, 2000 µstrain). We showed that the cyclic tensile stress could not only rearrange the cell alignment, but also influence the proliferation in an S-shaped manner. Furthermore, cyclic tensile stress could significantly promote cementoblastogenesis-related genes, proteins and mineralized nodules. From the miRNA array analyses, we found that 60 and 103 miRNAs were significantly altered 6 and 18 h after the stimulation using cyclic tensile stress, respectively. Based on a literature review and bioinformatics analyses, we found that miR-146b-5p and its target gene Smad4 play an important role in this procedure. The upregulation of miR-146b-5p and downregulation of Smad4 induced by the tensile stress were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The direct binding of miR-146b-5p to the three prime untranslated region (3' UTR) of Smad4 was established using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, these results suggest an important involvement of miR-146b-5p and its target gene Smad4 in the cementoblastogenesis of mature cementoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haikun Hu
- China Dental Implantology Center, West China Dental Implantology Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 75 Xiaotianzhu Street, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ye Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jianwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Chen N, Sui B, Hu C, Cao J, Zheng C, Hou R, Yang Z, Zhao P, Chen Q, Yang Q, Jin Y, Jin F. microRNA-21 Contributes to Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1425-1433. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516657043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs could be mechanosensitive and emerge as critical posttranscriptional regulators in the bone-remodeling process. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), the application of mechanical force induces alveolar bone remodeling, but whether microRNAs respond to orthodontic force and contribute to OTM is unknown. microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been previously reported in vitro to mediate stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and support osteoclast differentiation. In this study, the authors show that miR-21 responded to orthodontic force in periodontal tissue in a dose- and time-dependent manner and regulated the osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells following OTM. Using mmu-miR-21-deficient (miR-21-/-) mice, the authors discovered that mmu-miR-21 deficiency inhibited OTM and prevented force-induced maxillary bone loss. The authors found that miR-21-/- mice showed a normal skeletal phenotype in development and a similar alveolar bone formation rate to wild-type mice postnatally. During OTM, mmu-miR-21 regulated force-induced alveolar osteoblastogenesis in the tensile side, while no effects were detected in the compressive side. However, miR-21-/- mice showed inhibited alveolar osteoclastogenesis when compared with wild-type mice. During OTM, mmu-miR-21 deficiency blocked alveolar bone resorption in both the compressive and tensile sides. To dissect the mechanism by which miR-21 regulates alveolar bone remodeling, the authors screened the reported functional targets of miR-21 and found that periodontal expression of programmed cell death 4 ( Pdcd4) was inhibited following OTM. Furthermore, mmu-miR-21 deficiency removed the suppression of Pdcd4 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the periodontium, resulting in upregulation of the downstream effector C-fos. Further analysis of OTM under lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation showed that mmu-miR-21 mediated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated OTM and that mmu-miR-21 deficiency blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced maxillary bone loss. In summary, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism that a microRNA can modulate OTM and alveolar bone remodeling under both normal and inflammatory microenvironments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Chen
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - B.D. Sui
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - C.H. Hu
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - J. Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - C.X. Zheng
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - R. Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Z.K. Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - P. Zhao
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Q. Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Q.J. Yang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Y. Jin
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - F. Jin
- Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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36
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Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Li ML, Huang SH, Zhao ZH. The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling. Int J Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208037 PMCID: PMC4582559 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is balanced by bone formation and bone resorption as well as by alterations in the quantities and functions of seed cells, leading to either the maintenance or deterioration of bone status. The existing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), known as a family of short non-coding RNAs, are the key post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression, and growing numbers of novel miRNAs have been verified to play vital roles in the regulation of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis, revealing how they interact with signaling molecules to control these processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling as well as novel applications for miRNAs in biomaterials for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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