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van der Westhuizen ET. Single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in G protein-coupled receptors may contribute to autism. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2158-2181. [PMID: 36787962 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with a range of symptoms that vary in intensity and severity from person to person. Genetic sequencing has identified thousands of genes containing mutations in autistic individuals, which may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms. Several of these genes encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are cell surface expressed proteins that transduce extracellular messages to the intracellular space. Mutations in GPCRs can impact their function, resulting in aberrant signalling within cells and across neurotransmitter systems in the brain. This review summarises the current knowledge on autism-associated single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in GPCRs and the impact of these genetic mutations on GPCR function. For some autism-associated mutations, changes in GPCR expression levels, ligand affinity, potency and efficacy have been observed. However, for many the functional consequences remain unknown. Thus, further work to characterise the functional impacts of the genetically identified mutations is required. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Díaz-Rodríguez SM, Ivorra I, Espinosa J, Vegar C, Herrero-Turrión MJ, López DE, Gómez-Nieto R, Alberola-Die A. Enhanced Membrane Incorporation of H289Y Mutant GluK1 Receptors from the Audiogenic Seizure-Prone GASH/Sal Model: Functional and Morphological Impacts on Xenopus Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16852. [PMID: 38069190 PMCID: PMC10706347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal excitability, with glutamate playing a key role as the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter involved in seizures. Animal models of epilepsy are crucial in advancing epilepsy research by faithfully replicating the diverse symptoms of this disorder. In particular, the GASH/Sal (genetically audiogenic seizure-prone hamster from Salamanca) model exhibits seizures resembling human generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C9586732T, p.His289Tyr) in the Grik1 gene (which encodes the kainate receptor GluK1) has been previously identified in this strain. The H289Y mutation affects the amino-terminal domain of GluK1, which is related to the subunit assembly and trafficking. We used confocal microscopy in Xenopus oocytes to investigate how the H289Y mutation, compared to the wild type (WT), affects the expression and cell-surface trafficking of GluK1 receptors. Additionally, we employed the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique to examine the functional effects of the H289Y mutation. Our results indicate that this mutation increases the expression and incorporation of GluK1 receptors into an oocyte's membrane, enhancing kainate-evoked currents, without affecting their functional properties. Although further research is needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this epilepsy, the H289Y mutation in GluK1 may be part of the molecular basis underlying the seizure-prone circuitry in the GASH/Sal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Díaz-Rodríguez
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Ivorra
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Javier Espinosa
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Celia Vegar
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - M. Javier Herrero-Turrión
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank INCYL (BTN-INCYL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E. López
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.D.-R.); (M.J.H.-T.); (R.G.-N.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Armando Alberola-Die
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain; (I.I.); (J.E.); (C.V.); (A.A.-D.)
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Zhang WW, Chen T, Li SY, Wang XY, Liu WB, Wang YQ, Mi WL, Mao-Ying QL, Wang YQ, Chu YX. Tachykinin receptor 3 in the lateral habenula alleviates pain and anxiety comorbidity in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049739. [PMID: 36756128 PMCID: PMC9900122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of chronic pain and anxiety is a common clinical phenomenon. Here, the role of tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3R) in the lateral habenula (LHb) in trigeminal neuralgia and in pain-associated anxiety was systematically investigated. First, electrophysiological recording showed that bilateral LHb neurons are hyperactive in a mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia made by partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION). Chemicogenetic activation of bilateral LHb glutamatergic neurons in naive mice induced orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors, and pharmacological activation of NK3R in the LHb attenuated allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors induced by pT-ION. Electrophysiological recording showed that pharmacological activation of NK3R suppressed the abnormal excitation of LHb neurons. In parallel, pharmacological inhibition of NK3R induced orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in naive mice. The electrophysiological recording showed that pharmacological inhibition of NK3R activates LHb neurons. Neurokinin B (NKB) is an endogenous high-affinity ligand of NK3R, which binds NK3R and activates it to perform physiological functions, and further neuron projection tracing showed that the front section of the periaqueductal gray (fPAG) projects NKB-positive nerve fibers to the LHb. Optogenetics combined with electrophysiology recordings characterize the functional connections in this fPAG NKB → LHb pathway. In addition, electrophysiological recording showed that NKB-positive neurons in the fPAG were more active than NKB-negative neurons in pT-ION mice. Finally, inhibition of NKB release from the fPAG reversed the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of LHb Tacr3 overexpression in pT-ION mice, indicating that fPAG NKB → LHb regulates orofacial allodynia and pain-induced anxious behaviors. These findings for NK3R suggest the cellular mechanism behind pT-ION in the LHb and suggest that the fPAG NKB → LHb circuit is involved in pain and anxiety comorbidity. This previously unrecognized pathway might provide a potential approach for relieving the pain and anxiety associated with trigeminal neuralgia by targeting NK3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yi Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Xia Chu, ; Yan-Qing Wang,
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Xia Chu, ; Yan-Qing Wang,
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Abstract
The Tacr3 gene encodes tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3R), which belongs to the tachykinin receptor family. This family of proteins includes typical G protein-coupled receptors and belongs to the rhodopsin subfamily. NK3R functions by binding to its high-affinity ligand, neurokinin B(NKB). The role of Tacr3/NK3R in growth and reproduction has been extensively studied, but Tacr3/NK3R is also widely expressed in the nervous system from the spinal cord to the brain and is involved in both physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system, including mood disorders, chronic pain, learning and memory deficiencies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, addiction-related processes, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, body fluid management, neural development, and schizophrenia. Here, we summarize the structure of NK3R/NKB and its cellular signaling as well as the expression of Tacr3/NK3R in the nervous system, and we provide a comprehensive summary of the role of Tacr3/NK3R in neurological diseases, including reproduction-related disorders and other neurological diseases. At the end of this review, we propose the hypothesis that Tacr3/NK3R mediates a variety of brain functions by affecting the excitability of different neurons with specific functions. On the basis of this "excited or not" hypothesis, more studies related to Tacr3 should be carried out in other nervous system diseases in order to better understand the biological roles of Tacr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Babwah AV. The wonderful and masterful G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR): A focus on signaling mechanisms and the neuroendocrine control of fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110886. [PMID: 32574585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human GnRH deficiency, both clinically and genetically, is a heterogeneous disorder comprising of congenital GnRH deficiency with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome), or with normal olfaction [normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)], and adult-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying GnRH secretion and GnRH signaling continues to increase at a rapid rate and strikingly, the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to emerge as essential players in these processes. GPCRs were once viewed as binary on-off switches, where in the "on" state they are bound to their Gα protein, but now we understand that view is overly simplistic and does not adequately characterize GPCRs. Instead, GPCRs have emerged as masterful signaling molecules exploiting different physical conformational states of itself to elicit an array of downstream signaling events via their G proteins and the β-arrestins. The "one receptor-multiple signaling conformations" model is likely an evolved strategy that can be used to our advantage as researchers have shown that targeting specific receptor conformations via biased ligands is proving to be a powerful tool in the effective treatment of human diseases. Can biased ligands be used to selectively modulate signaling by GPCR regulators of the neuroendocrine axis in the treatment of IHH? As discussed in this review, the grand possibility exists. However, while we are still very far from developing these treatments, this exciting likelihood can happen through a much greater mechanistic understanding of how GPCRs signal within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy V Babwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Human Growth and Reproductive Development, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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Wang T, Du H, Ma J, Shen L, Wei M, Zhao X, Chen L, Li M, Li G, Xing Q, He L, Qin S. Functional characterization of the chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity of human cytochrome P450 2E1 allelic variants in Han Chinese. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9628. [PMID: 32821545 PMCID: PMC7397980 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1 is one of the primary enzymes responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics, such as drugs and environmental carcinogens. The genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene in promoter and coding regions have been identified previously in the Han Chinese population from four different geographic areas of Mainland China. METHODS To investigate whether genetic variants identified in the CYP2E1 coding region affect enzyme function, the enzymes of four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the coding region (novel c.1009C>T, causing p.Arg337X, where X represents the translational stop codon; c.227G>A, causing p.Arg76His; c.517G>A, yielding p.Gly173Ser; and c.1263C>T, presenting the highest allele frequency), two novel alleles (c.[227G>A;1263C>T] and c.[517G>A;1263C>T]), and the wild-type CYP2E1 were heterologously expressed in COS-7 cells and functionally characterized in terms of expression level and chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity. The impact of the CYP2E1 variant sequence on enzyme activity was predicted with three programs: Polyphen 2, PROVEAN and SIFT. RESULTS The prematurely terminated p.Arg337X variant enzyme was undetectable by western blotting and inactive toward chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation. The c.1263C>T and c.[517G>A;1263C>T] variant enzymes exhibited properties similar to those of the wild-type CYP2E1. The CYP2E1 variants c.227G>A and c.[227G>A;1263C>T] displayed significantly reduced enzyme activity relative to that of the wild-type enzyme (decreased by 42.8% and 32.8%, respectively; P < 0.01). The chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity of the c.517G>A transfectant was increased by 31% compared with the wild-type CYP2E1 enzyme (P < 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between the protein content and enzyme activity for CYP2E1 (P = 0.0005, r 2 = 0.8833). The characterization of enzyme function allelic variants in vitro was consistent with the potentially deleterious effect of the amino acid changes as determined by prediction tools. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, i.e., c.1009C>T (p.Arg337X), c.227G>A (p.Arg76His), and c.517G>A (p.Gly173Ser), could influence the metabolism of CYP2E1 substrates, such as chlorzoxazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Du
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyun Wei
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
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7
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Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Liang T, Tang H, Ju H, Shi Q, Fang H. Lys694Arg polymorphism leads to blunted responses to LPS by interfering TLR4 with recruitment of MyD88. Innate Immun 2020; 27:483-492. [PMID: 32513051 PMCID: PMC8504268 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920927479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR4 polymorphisms such as Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile related to Gram-negative sepsis have been reported to result in significantly blunted responsiveness to LPS. Our study group previously screened other TLR4 polymorphic variants by checking the NF-κB activation in comparison to wild type (WT) TLR4 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. In this study, we found that the Lys694Arg (K694R) polymorphism reduced the activation of NF-κB, and the production of downstream inflammatory factors IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6, representing the K694R polymorphism, led to blunted responsiveness to LPS. Then, we examined the influence of the K694R polymorphism on total and cell-surface TLR4 expression by Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively, but observed no differences between the K694R polymorphism and WT TLR4. We also used co-immunoprecipitation to determine the interaction of the K694R polymorphism and WT TLR4 with their co-receptor myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) and their downstream signal adaptor MyD88. We found that K694R reduced the recruitment of MyD88 in TLR4 signalling but had no impact on the interaction with MD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Haihong Tang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Huihui Ju
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Qiqing Shi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, PR China
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Maione L, Fèvre A, Nettore IC, Manilall A, Francou B, Trabado S, Bouligand J, Guiochon-Mantel A, Delemer B, Flanagan CA, Macchia PE, Millar RP, Young J. Similarities and differences in the reproductive phenotypes of women with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism caused by GNRHR mutations and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:137-147. [PMID: 30476149 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the phenotype of women with normosmic congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (nCHH) and pituitary resistance to GnRH caused by biallelic mutations in the GnRH receptor (GNRHR) (nCHH/bi-GNRHR) differ from that of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with nCHH/bi-GNRHR have variable pubertal development but nearly all have primary amenorrhea and an exaggerated LH response to GnRH stimulation, similar to that seen in women with PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with nCHH/bi-GNRHR are very rare and their phenotype at diagnosis is not always adequately documented. The results of gonadotrophin stimulation by acute GnRH challenge test and ovarian features have not been directly compared between these patients and women with PCOS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We describe the phenotypic spectrum at nCHH/bi-GNRHR diagnosis in a series of 12 women. Their reproductive characteristics and acute responses to GnRH were compared to those of 70 women with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients and controls (healthy female volunteers aged over 18 years) were enrolled in a single French referral centre. Evaluation included clinical and hormonal studies, pelvic ultrasonography and GnRH challenge test. We also functionally characterized two missense GNRHR mutations found in two new consanguineous families. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Breast development was highly variable at nCHH/bi-GNRHR diagnosis, but only one patient had undeveloped breasts. Primary amenorrhea was present in all but two cases. In untreated nCHH/bi-GNRHR patients, uterine height (UH) correlated (P = 0.01) with the circulating estradiol level and was shorter than in 23 nulliparous post-pubertal age-matched controls (P < 0.0001) and than in 15 teenagers with PCOS under 20-years-old (P < 0.0001) in which PCOS was revealed by primary amenorrhea or primary-secondary amenorrhea. Unexpectedly, the stimulated LH peak response in nCHH/bi-GNRHR patients was variable, and often normal or exaggerated. Interestingly, the LH peak response was similar to that seen in the PCOS patients, but the latter women had significantly larger mean ovarian volume (P < 0.001) and uterine length (P < 0.001) and higher mean estradiol (P < 0.001), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (P = 0.02) and inhibin-B (P < 0.001) levels. In the two new consaguineous families, the affected nCHH/bi-GNRHR women carried the T269M or Y290F GNRHR missense mutation in the homozygous state. In vitro analysis of GnRHR showed complete or partial loss-of-function of the T269M and Y290F mutants compared to their wildtype counterpart. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of nCHH/bi-GNRHR patients reported here is small. As this disorder is very rare, an international study would be necessary to recruit a larger cohort and consolidate the phenotypic spectrum observed here. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In teenagers and young women with primary amenorrhea, significant breast and uterine development does not rule out CHH caused by biallelic GNRHR mutations. In rare patients with PCOS presenting with primary amenorrhea and a mild phenotype, the similar exaggerated pituitary LH responses to GnRH in PCOS and nCHH/bi-GNRHR patients could lead to diagnostic errors. This challenge test should therefore not be recommended. As indicated by consensus and guidelines, careful analysis of clinical presentation and measurements of testosterone circulating levels remain the basis of PCOS diagnosis. Also, analysis of ovarian volume, UH and of inhibin-B, AMH, estradiol and androgen circulating levels could help to distinguish between mild PCOS and nCHH/bi-GNRHR. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) grant ANR-09-GENO-017 KALGENOPATH, France; and by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) grant PRIN 2012227FLF_004, Italy. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maione
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Hormonology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Fèvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | | | - Ashmeetha Manilall
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bruno Francou
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Hormonology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Hormonology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale U1185, Paris-Sud Medical School, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Hormonology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale U1185, Paris-Sud Medical School, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Hormonology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale U1185, Paris-Sud Medical School, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | - Colleen A Flanagan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery and Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert P Millar
- Departments of Immunology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa and Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jacques Young
- University of Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale U1185, Paris-Sud Medical School, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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9
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Syed Haneef SA, Ranganathan S. Structural bioinformatics analysis of variants on GPCR function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 55:161-177. [PMID: 31174013 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key membrane-embedded receptor proteins, with critical roles in cellular signal transduction. In the era of precision medicine, understanding the role of natural variants on GPCR function is critical, especially from a pharmacogenomics viewpoint. Studies involved in mapping variants to GPCR structures are briefly reviewed here. The endocannabinoid system involving the central nervous system (CNS), the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is an important drug target and its variability has implications for disease susceptibility and altered drug and pain response. We have carried out a computational study to map deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) to CB1. CB1 mutations were computationally evaluated from neutral to deleterious, and the top twelve deleterious mutations, with structural information, were found to be either close to the ligand binding region or the G-protein binding site. We have mapped these to the active and inactive CB1 X-ray crystallographic structures to correlate variants with available phenotypic information. We have also carried out molecular dynamics simulations to functionally characterize four selected mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Askar Syed Haneef
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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10
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Identification and structural characterization of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human SKP2 gene. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:127-136. [PMID: 30802828 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In SCF (Skp, Cullin, F-box) ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, S-phase kinase 2 (SKP2) is one of the major players of F-box family, that is responsible for the degradation of several important cell regulators and tumor suppressor proteins. Despite of having significant evidence for the role of SKP2 on tumorgenesis, there is a lack of available data regarding the effect of non-synonymous polymorphisms. In this communication, the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of SKP2 have been reported by employing various computational approaches and molecular dynamics simulation. Initially, several computational tools like SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PredictSNP, I-Mutant 2.0 and ConSurf have been implicated in this study to explore the damaging SNPs. In total of 172 nsSNPs, 5 nsSNPs were identified as deleterious and 3 of them were predicted to be decreased the stability of protein. Guided from ConSurf analysis, P101L (rs761253702) and Y346C (rs755010517) were categorized as the highly conserved and functional disrupting mutations. Therefore, these mutations were subjected to three dimensional model building and molecular dynamics simulation study for the detailed structural consequences upon the mutations. The study revealed that P101L and Y346C mutations increased the flexibility and changed the structural dynamics. As both these mutations are located in the most functional regions of SKP2 protein, these computational insights might be helpful to consider these nsSNPs for wet-lab confirmatory analysis as well as in rationalizing future population based studies and structure based drug design against SKP2.
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11
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Devarajan S, Moon I, Ho MF, Larson NB, Neavin DR, Moyer AM, Black JL, Bielinski SJ, Scherer SE, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM, Reid JM. Pharmacogenomic Next-Generation DNA Sequencing: Lessons from the Identification and Functional Characterization of Variants of Unknown Significance in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:425-435. [PMID: 30745309 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are highly polymorphic pharmacogenes; however, clinically actionable genetic variability in drug metabolism due to these genes has been limited to a few common alleles. The identification and functional characterization of less-common open reading frame sequence variation might help to individualize therapy with drugs that are substrates for the enzymes encoded by these genes. The present study identified seven uncharacterized variants each in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 using next-generation sequence data for 1013 subjects, and functionally characterized the encoded proteins. Constructs were created and transiently expressed in COS-1 cells for the assay of protein concentration and enzyme activities using fluorometric substrates and liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry with tolbutamide (CYP2C9) and (S)-mephenytoin (CYP2C19) as prototypic substrates. The results were compared with the SIFT, Polyphen, and Provean functional prediction software programs. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) activities were also determined. Positive correlations were observed between protein content and fluorometric enzyme activity for variants of CYP2C9 (P < 0.05) and CYP2C19 (P < 0.0005). However, CYP2C9 709G>C and CYP2C19 65A>G activities were much lower than predicted based on protein content. Substrate intrinsic clearance values for CYP2C9 218C>T, 343A>C, and CYP2C19 337G>A, 518C>T, 556C>T, and 557G>A were less than 25% of wild-type allozymes. CPR activity levels were similar for all variants. In summary, sequencing of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in 1013 subjects identified low-frequency variants that had not previously been functionally characterized. In silico predictions were not always consistent with functional assay results. These observations emphasize the need for high-throughput methods for pharmacogene variant mutagenesis and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Devarajan
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Irene Moon
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Ming-Fen Ho
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Drew R Neavin
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - John L Black
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Suzette J Bielinski
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Liewei Wang
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
| | - Joel M Reid
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.D., I.M., M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W., J.M.R.) and Health Sciences Research (N.B.L., S.J.B.), Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M.M., J.L.B.), and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (D.R.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.S.)
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12
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Identification of genetic variants associated with tacrolimus metabolism in kidney transplant recipients by extreme phenotype sampling and next generation sequencing. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:375-389. [PMID: 30442921 PMCID: PMC6522337 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An extreme phenotype sampling (EPS) model with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified genetic variants associated with tacrolimus (Tac) metabolism in subjects from the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) Genomics cohort which included 1,442 European Americans (EA) and 345 African Americans (AA). This study included 48 subjects separated into 4 groups of 12 (AA high, AA low, EA high, EA low). Groups were selected by the extreme phenotype of dose-normalized Tac trough concentrations after adjusting for common genetic variants and clinical factors. NGS spanned >3 Mb of 28 genes and identified 18,661 genetic variants (3,961 previously unknown). A group of 125 deleterious variants, by SIFT analysis, were associated with Tac troughs in EAs (burden test, p=0.008), CYB5R2 was associated with Tac troughs in AAs (SKAT, p=0.00079). In CYB5R2, rs61733057 (increased allele frequency in AAs) was predicted to disrupt protein function by SIFT and PolyPhen2 analysis. The variants merit further validation.
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13
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Xu C, Cassatella D, van der Sloot AM, Quinton R, Hauschild M, De Geyter C, Flück C, Feller K, Bartholdi D, Nemeth A, Halperin I, Pekic Djurdjevic S, Maeder P, Papadakis G, Dwyer AA, Marino L, Favre L, Pignatelli D, Niederländer NJ, Acierno J, Pitteloud N. Evaluating CHARGE syndrome in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients harboring CHD7 variants. Genet Med 2017; 20:872-881. [PMID: 29144511 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), a rare genetic disease caused by gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency, can also be part of complex syndromes (e.g., CHARGE syndrome). CHD7 mutations were reported in 60% of patients with CHARGE syndrome, and in 6% of CHH patients. However, the definition of CHD7 mutations was variable, and the associated CHARGE signs in CHH were not systematically examined. METHODS Rare sequencing variants (RSVs) in CHD7 were identified through exome sequencing in 116 CHH probands, and were interpreted according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Detailed phenotyping was performed in CHH probands who were positive for CHD7 RSVs, and genotype-phenotype correlations were evaluated. RESULTS Of the CHH probands, 16% (18/116) were found to harbor heterozygous CHD7 RSVs, and detailed phenotyping was performed in 17 of them. Of CHH patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD7 variants, 80% (4/5) were found to exhibit multiple CHARGE features, and 3 of these patients were reclassified as having CHARGE syndrome. In contrast, only 8% (1/12) of CHH patients with nonpathogenic CHD7 variants exhibited multiple CHARGE features (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD7 variants rarely cause isolated CHH. Therefore a detailed clinical investigation is indicated to clarify the diagnosis (CHH versus CHARGE) and to optimize clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Cassatella
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Almer M van der Sloot
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Quinton
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Newcastle-on Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Endocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christa Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Feller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Bartholdi
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Attila Nemeth
- Department of Endocrinology, St John's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Irene Halperin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pekic Djurdjevic
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philippe Maeder
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Papadakis
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marino
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S João, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CGC Genetics-Clinical and Research Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Gonçalves CI, Aragüés JM, Bastos M, Barros L, Vicente N, Carvalho D, Lemos MC. GNRHR biallelic and digenic mutations in patients with normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:360-366. [PMID: 28611058 PMCID: PMC5527354 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) is a rare disorder characterised by lack of pubertal development and infertility, due to deficient production, secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and, unlike Kallmann syndrome, is associated with a normal sense of smell. Mutations in the GNRHR gene cause autosomal recessive nCHH. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GNRHR mutations in a group of 40 patients with nCHH. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 40 unrelated patients with nCHH. METHODS Patients were screened for mutations in the GNRHR gene by DNA sequencing. RESULTS GNRHR mutations were identified in five of 40 patients studied. Four patients had biallelic mutations (including a novel frameshift deletion p.Phe313Metfs*3, in two families) in agreement with autosomal recessive inheritance. One patient had a heterozygous GNRHR mutation associated with a heterozygous PROKR2 mutation, thus suggesting a possible role of synergistic heterozygosity in the pathogenesis of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study further expands the spectrum of known genetic defects associated with nCHH. Although GNRHR mutations are usually biallelic and inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the presence of a monoallelic mutation in a patient should raise the possibility of a digenic/oligogenic cause of nCHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I Gonçalves
- CICS-UBIHealth Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José M Aragüés
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaDiabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Bastos
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaDiabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaDiabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vicente
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaDiabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de EndocrinologiaDiabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de São João e Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBIHealth Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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15
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Bessa DS, Macedo DB, Brito VN, França MM, Montenegro LR, Cunha-Silva M, Silveira LG, Hummel T, Bergadá I, Braslavsky D, Abreu AP, Dauber A, Mendonca BB, Kaiser UB, Latronico AC. High Frequency of MKRN3 Mutations in Male Central Precocious Puberty Previously Classified as Idiopathic. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 105:17-25. [PMID: 27225315 PMCID: PMC5195904 DOI: 10.1159/000446963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the MKRN3 gene have been implicated in the etiology of familial central precocious puberty (CPP) in both sexes. We aimed to analyze the frequency of MKRN3 mutations in boys with CPP and to compare the clinical and hormonal features of boys with and without MKRN3 mutations. METHODS This was a retrospective review of clinical, hormonal and genetic features of 20 male patients with idiopathic CPP evaluated at an academic medical center. The entire coding regions of MKRN3, KISS1 and KISS1R genes were sequenced. RESULTS We studied 20 boys from 17 families with CPP. All of them had normal brain magnetic resonance imaging. Eight boys from 5 families harbored four distinct heterozygous MKRN3 mutations predicted to be deleterious for protein function, p.Ala162Glyfs*14, p.Arg213Glyfs*73, p.Arg328Cys and p.Arg365Ser. One boy carried a previously described KISS1-activating mutation (p.Pro74Ser). The frequency of MKRN3 mutations among these boys with idiopathic CPP was significantly higher than previously reported female data (40 vs. 6.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). Boys with MKRN3 mutations had typical clinical and hormonal features of CPP. Notably, they had later pubertal onset than boys without MKRN3 abnormalities (median age 8.2 vs. 7.0 years, respectively, p = 0.033). CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high frequency of MKRN3 mutations in boys with CPP, previously classified as idiopathic, suggesting the importance of genetic analysis in this group. The boys with CPP due to MKRN3 mutations had classical features of CPP, but with puberty initiation at a borderline age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Bessa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Delanie B. Macedo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius N. Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica M. França
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Cunha-Silva
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia G. Silveira
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Hummel
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. César Bergadá’, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Debora Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. César Bergadá’, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Berenice B. Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Francou B, Paul C, Amazit L, Cartes A, Bouvattier C, Albarel F, Maiter D, Chanson P, Trabado S, Brailly-Tabard S, Brue T, Guiochon-Mantel A, Young J, Bouligand J. Prevalence ofKISS1 Receptormutations in a series of 603 patients with normosmic congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and characterization of novel mutations: a single-centre study. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1363-74. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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