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Yue L, Li Y, Luo Y, Alarfaj AA, Shi Y. Pelargonidin inhibits cell growth and promotes oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38853344 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the worst prognosis with an average 5-year survival rate of only 10%-20%. Lung cancer has the highest prevalence rate and a second most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The present study was planned to explore the anticancer effects of pelargonidin against the lung cancer A549 cells via analyzing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. The viability of both control and pelargonidin-treated A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT cytotoxicity assay at different time periods. The levels of endogenous ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptosis were assessed using corresponding fluorescent staining assays. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH, in the cell lysates of control and pelargonidin-treated A549 cells were examined using the assay kits. The pelargonidin treatment substantially suppressed the A549 cell growth. Further, pelargonidin promoted the ROS production and depleted the Δψm levels in the A549 cells. The fluorescent staining assays witnessed the occurrence of increased apoptosis in the pelargonidin-treated A549 cells. The pelargonidin also boosted the TBARS and reduced the antioxidant levels thereby promoted the oxidative stress-regulated apoptosis in the A549 cells. In summary, the findings' results of the current study demonstrated an anticancer activity of pelargonidin on A549 cells. The pelargonidin treatment substantially decreased the growth and encouraged the oxidative stress-regulated apoptosis in A549 cells. Therefore, it was evident that the pelargonidin could be employed as an effective anticancer candidate to treat the lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yue
- Department of Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Pneumology, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yubo Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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2
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Macalester W, Boussahel A, Moreno-Tortolero RO, Shannon MR, West N, Hill D, Perriman A. A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:37. [PMID: 38734663 PMCID: PMC11088668 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral defects. However, the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering, exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems, which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment efficacy. Herein, we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel bioink. We demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs, and that both dentine and β-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface, which is distal to the gel-substrate interface. Our findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Macalester
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Asme Boussahel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Rafael O Moreno-Tortolero
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Centre for Protolife Research, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Shannon
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola West
- Periodontology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl Hill
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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3
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Han C, Kim S, Seo Y, Lim M, Kwon Y, Yi J, Oh S, Kang M, Jeon SG, Park J. Cell-engineered virus-mimetic nanovesicles for vaccination against enveloped viruses. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12438. [PMID: 38659363 PMCID: PMC11043678 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses pose a significant threat to human health, as evidenced by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Although current vaccine strategies have proven effective in preventing viral infections, the development of innovative vaccine technologies is crucial to fortify our defences against future pandemics. In this study, we introduce a novel platform called cell-engineered virus-mimetic nanovesicles (VNVs) and demonstrate their potential as a vaccine for targeting enveloped viruses. VNVs are generated by extruding plasma membrane-derived blebs through nanoscale membrane filters. These VNVs closely resemble enveloped viruses and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in size and morphology, being densely packed with plasma membrane contents and devoid of materials from other membranous organelles. Due to these properties, VNVs express viral membrane antigens more extensively and homogeneously than EVs expressing the same antigen. In this study, we produced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) VNVs expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (S) on their surfaces and assessed their preclinical efficacy as a COVID-19 vaccine in experimental animals. The administration of VNVs successfully stimulated the production of S-specific antibodies both systemically and locally, and immune cells isolated from vaccinated mice displayed cytokine responses to S stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungmin Han
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Seo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Minyeob Lim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Kwon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Johan Yi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Ik Oh
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jaesung Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I‐Bio)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
- Wireless Integrated MicroSensing & Systems, College of EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Hanafy NAN. Extracellular alkaline pH enhances migratory behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells as a caution against the indiscriminate application of alkalinizing drug therapy: In vitro microscopic studies. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152032. [PMID: 37119607 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The migratory process is a highly organized, differentiated, and polarized stage by which many signaling pathways are regulated to control cell migration. Since the significant evidence of migrating cells is the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. In the recent study, the cell migration model was assessed on the fact that any disruption obtained in the cellular monolayer confluent, may cause stimulation for surrounding cells to migrate. We attempt to demonstrate the morphological alterations associated with these migrating cells. In this case, sterilized 1 N NaOH (1 µl) was used as alkaline burnt. It leads to scratching the monolayer of hepatocellular carcinoma (HLF cell line) allowing cells to lose their connection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, light inverted microscopy, and dark field were used for discovering the morphological alterations associated with migrating cancer cells. The findings show that cells exhibited distinctive alterations including a polarizing stage, accumulation of the actin nodules in front of the nucleus, and protrusions. Nuclei appeared as lobulated shapes during migration. Lamellipodia and uropod were extended as well. Additionally, TGFβ1 proved its expression in HLF and SNU449 after their stimulation. It is demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma cells can migrate after their stimulation and there is a caution against the indiscriminate application of alkalinizing drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A N Hanafy
- Nanomedicine group, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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YİĞİTTÜRK G, ERGÖZEN S, ELBE H, YÜCEL A, ÇAVUŞOGLU T, BAYGAR T, UYANIKGİL Y. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the morphological characteristics and survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. EGE TIP DERGISI 2023. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1235892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy at different pressure values on cell morphology and cell survival in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: The experimental groups were formed by applying 100% oxygen to MCF-7 breast cancer cells at 1.5, 2, and 2.5 atmospheres for 2 hours. The control group did not receive treatment. At the end of the experiment, cell survival was investigated by CCK-8 analysis, cell shapes were determined by cresyl violet staining, and cell surface morphologies were determined by scanning electron microscope.
Results: Cell viability was significantly reduced at atmospheric pressure of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 compared to the control group (p < 0.005). As pressure increased, the surface area of the cell decreased, nuclear condensation increased, and the cell borders became irregular. Cell membrane bleb and cell membrane porosity increased at 2 and 2.5 atmospheres.
Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy severely reduces the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells under increased pressure. It can induce apoptosis and change the shape and surface morphology of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Although further studies are needed, our study supports the potential use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan YİĞİTTÜRK
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Serkan ERGÖZEN
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, SUALTI HEKİMLİĞİ VE HİPERBARİK TIP ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Hülya ELBE
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Anıl YÜCEL
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Türker ÇAVUŞOGLU
- İZMİR BAKIRÇAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Tuba BAYGAR
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ARAŞTIRMA LABORATUVARLARI UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ
| | - Yigit UYANIKGİL
- EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ (DR)
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6
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YİĞİTTÜRK G, ERGÖZEN S, ELBE H, YÜCEL A, ÇAVUŞOĞLU T, BAYGAR T, UYANIKGİL Y. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Morphological Characteristics and Survival of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. EGE TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1184763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy at different pressure values on cell morphology and cell survival in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: The experimental groups were formed by applying 100% oxygen to MCF-7 breast cancer cells at 1.5, 2, and 2.5 atmospheres for 2 hours. The control group did not receive treatment. At the end of the experiment, cell survival was investigated by CCK-8 analysis, cell shapes were determined by crystal violet staining, and cell surface morphologies were determined by scanning electron microscope.
Results: Cell viability was significantly reduced at atmospheric pressure of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 compared to the control group (p < 0.005). As pressure increased, the surface area of the cell decreased, nuclear condensation increased, and the cell borders became irregular. Cell membrane bleb and cell membrane porosity increased at 2 and 2.5 atmospheres.
Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy severely reduces the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells under increased pressure. It can induce apoptosis and change the shape and surface morphology of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Although further studies are needed, our study supports the potential use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hülya ELBE
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ
| | - Anıl YÜCEL
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ
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In Vitro Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Dicoma anomala Root Extract in Combination with ZnPcS 4 Mediated-Photodynamic Therapy in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203288. [PMID: 36291155 PMCID: PMC9600060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer has remained the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women. To enhance photodynamic therapeutic effects in vitro, the present study was designed to reduce dose-dependence in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and evaluate the anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala (D. anomala) root extracts (i.e., chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH)) on A549 lung cancer cells. The most active extract of D. anomala (D.A) was used to establish the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), which was further used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of D.A in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT IC50. The study further evaluated cell death mechanisms by cell viability/ cytotoxicity (LIVE/DEADTM assay), flow cytometry (Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) staining), immunofluorescence (p38, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 expressions), and fluorometric multiplex assay (caspase 8 and 9) 24 h post-treatment with IC50 concentrations of ZnPcS4-mediated PDT and D.A MeOH root extract. Morphological changes were accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, decrease in viability, and proliferation in all experimental models. Apoptosis is the highly favored cell death mechanism observed in combination therapy groups. Apoptotic activities were supported by an increase in the number of dead cells in the LIVE/DEADTM assay, and the upregulation of p38, p53, Bax, caspase 3, 8, and 9 apoptotic proteins. In vitro experiments confirmed the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of D.A root extracts in monotherapy and in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that D.A could be a promising therapeutic candidate worth exploring in different types of cancer.
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Arafa KK, Ibrahim A, Mergawy R, El-Sherbiny IM, Febbraio F, Hassan RYA. Advances in Cancer Diagnosis: Bio-Electrochemical and Biophysical Characterizations of Cancer Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091401. [PMID: 36144024 PMCID: PMC9504238 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide leading cause of death, and it is projected that newly diagnosed cases globally will reach 27.5 million each year by 2040. Cancers (malignant tumors), unlike benign tumors are characterized by structural and functional dedifferentiation (anaplasia), breaching of the basement membrane, spreading to adjacent tissues (invasiveness), and the capability to spread to distant sites (metastasis). In the cancer biology research field, understanding and characterizing cancer metastasis as well as features of cell death (apoptosis) is considered a technically challenging subject of study and clinically is very critical and necessary. Therefore, in addition to the cytochemical methods traditionally used, novel biophysical and bioelectrochemical techniques (e.g., cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopic methods are increasingly being deployed to better understand these processes. Implementing those methods at the preclinical level enables the rapid screening of new anticancer drugs with understanding of their central mechanism for cancer therapy. In this review, principles and basic concepts of new techniques suggested for metastasis, and apoptosis examinations for research purposes are introduced, along with examples of each technique. From our recommendations, the privilege of combining the bio-electrochemical and biosensing techniques with the conventional cytochemical methods either for research or for biomedical diagnosis should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud K. Arafa
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ibrahim
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Reem Mergawy
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rabeay Y. A. Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1129216152
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9
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Esmat M, Abdel-Aal AA, Shalaby MA, Badawi M, Elaskary H, Yousif AB, Fahmy MEA. Efficacy of clofazimine and nitazoxanide combination in treating intestinal cryptosporidiosis and enhancing intestinal cellular regeneration in immunocompromised mice. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00161. [PMID: 35601881 PMCID: PMC9118138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a widely distributed food and water-borne enteric protozoan that affects a wide range of vertebrates, resulting in life-threatening consequences, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs may be related to the parasite's unique intestinal location, plus the lack of studies on the process by which the protozoan is able to impair intestinal cellular function. The present work aimed to assess the effect of clofazimine (CFZ), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of leprosy, as an anti-cryptosporidial drug, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an immunocompromised mouse model. The affected intestinal mucosa with parasitic stages in the infected non-treated group showed signs of severe cellular degeneration, including the loss of tight junctions, deformed and damaged microvilli and irregularly distributed nuclei with a severely vacuolated cytoplasm. Comparatively, nitazoxanide (NTZ) monotherapy showed the lowest efficacy as the drug was associated with the lowest rate of oocyst shedding. In addition, NTZ treatment failed to achieve the return of complete cellular function; abnormalities were evident in the microvilli, cytoplasmic organelles and nuclear features. Clofazimine demonstrated an improvement of the mucosal cellular components, including mitochondria and significantly reduced oocyst shedding. Combined treatment with low-dose CFZ and half-dose NTZ resulted in a significant improvement in the enterocyte cellular structures with an absence of intracellular parasitic stages. These results indicate that CFZ, a safe and readily prescribed drug, effectively reduces cryptosporidiosis when used in combination with only half the dose of NTZ. Used in combination, these drugs were shown to be efficient in regaining intestinal cellular activity following Cryptosporidium-induced functional damage in an immunocompromised mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Esmat
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October city, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Abdel-Aal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Postgraduate Studies & Scientific Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maisa A. Shalaby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Badawi
- Department of Pathology, National Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Elaskary
- Depatment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Badawi Yousif
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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10
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Du W, Adkisson C, Ye X, Duran CL, Chellakkan Selvanesan B, Gravekamp C, Oktay MH, McAuliffe JC, Condeelis JS, Panarelli NC, Norgard RJ, Sela Y, Stanger BZ, Entenberg D. SWIP-a stabilized window for intravital imaging of the murine pancreas. Open Biol 2022; 12:210273. [PMID: 35702996 PMCID: PMC9198798 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are grave illnesses with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Intravital imaging (IVI) is a powerful technique for visualizing physiological processes in both health and disease. However, the application of IVI to the murine pancreas presents significant challenges, as it is a deep, compliant, visceral organ that is difficult to access, easily damaged and susceptible to motion artefacts. Existing imaging windows for stabilizing the pancreas during IVI have unfortunately shown poor stability for time-lapsed imaging on the minutes to hours scale, or are unable to accommodate both the healthy and tumour-bearing pancreata. To address these issues, we developed an improved stabilized window for intravital imaging of the pancreas (SWIP), which can be applied to not only the healthy pancreas but also to solid tumours like PDAC. Here, we validate the SWIP and use it to visualize a variety of processes for the first time, including (1) single-cell dynamics within the healthy pancreas, (2) transformation from healthy pancreas to acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein, and (3) the physiology of PDAC in both autochthonous and orthotopically injected models. SWIP can not only improve the imaging stability but also expand the application of IVI in both benign and malignant pancreas diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian Adkisson
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xianjun Ye
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John C. McAuliffe
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole C. Panarelli
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Norgard
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yogev Sela
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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11
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Chota A, George BP, Abrahamse H. Dicoma anomala Enhances Phthalocyanine Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892490. [PMID: 35559263 PMCID: PMC9086192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and it is regarded as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The present study investigated phytochemical profiling, in vitro anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala methanol root extract and its enhancing effects in phthalocyanine mediated PDT on MCF-7 (ATCC® HTB-22™) breast cancer cells. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS2) was used to identify the secondary metabolites in the crude extract. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the two experimental models was established from dose response studies 24 h post-treatment with D. anomala methanol root extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) and ZnPcS4 (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 μM) mediated PDT. The inverted microscope was used to analyze morphological changes, trypan blue exclusion assay for viability, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) for cell death mechanisms. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the qualitative expression of the Bax, p53, and caspase 3 apoptotic proteins. Experiments were performed 4 times (n = 4) and SPSS version 27 software was used to analyze statistical significances. D. anomala methanol root extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells by decreasing cell viability. The combination of D. anomala methanol root extract and ZnPcS4 mediated PDT led to a significant increase in apoptotic activities, expression of Bax, and p53 with significant decrease in cell viability. These findings pinpoint the possibility of D. anomala methanol root extract of being employed as a natural antiproliferative agent in the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chota
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Savitskaya MA, Zakharov II, Onishchenko GE. Apoptotic Features in Non-Apoptotic Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:191-206. [PMID: 35526851 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the most thoroughly studied type of regulated cell death. Certain events, such as externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) into the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase cascade activation, DNA fragmentation and blebbing, are widely considered to be hallmarks of apoptosis as well as being traditionally viewed as irreversible. This review shows that under particular circumstances these events can also participate in physiological processes not associated with initiation of apoptosis, such as cell differentiation, division, and motility, as well as non-apoptotic types of cell death. Moreover, these events may often be reversible. This review focuses on three processes: phosphatidylserine externalization, blebbing, and activation of apoptotic caspases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and DNA fragmentation are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya I Zakharov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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13
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Wang S, Mi R, Cai Z, Wang Z, Zeng C, Xie Z, Li J, Ma M, Liu W, Su H, Cen S, Wu Y, Shen H. DAPK1 Interacts with the p38 isoform MAPK14, Preventing its Nuclear Translocation and Stimulation of Bone Marrow Adipogenesis. Stem Cells 2022; 40:508-522. [PMID: 35403694 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) adipose tissue (BMAT), a unique adipose depot, plays an important role in diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastasis. Precise control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is critical for BMAT formation and regeneration. Here, we show that death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) negatively regulates BM adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Prx1 creDapk1 loxp/loxp mice showed more adipocytes in the femur than Dapk1 loxp/loxp mice. Further mechanistic analyses revealed that DAPK1 inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the nucleus by binding the p38 isoform MAPK14, decreasing p38 nuclear activity, which subsequently inhibits BM adipogenesis. The inhibitory effect of DAPK1 against MAPK14 was independent of its kinase activity. In addition, the decreased DAPK1 was observed in the BM-MSCs of ageing mice. Our results reveal a previously undescribed function for DAPK1 in the regulation of adipogenesis, and may also reveal the underlying mechanism of BMAT formation in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Su
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
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14
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Guo Z, Zhou C, Zhou L, Wang Z, Zhu X, Mu X. Overexpression of DAPK1-mediated inhibition of IKKβ/CSN5/PD-L1 axis enhances natural killer cell killing ability and inhibits tumor immune evasion in gastric cancer. Cell Immunol 2021; 372:104469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Zakharov II, Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE. The Problem of Apoptotic Processes Reversibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1145-1158. [PMID: 33202200 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792010003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best understood variant of regulated cell death, which has been considered irreversible for a long time. To date, an increasing amount of data has been accumulating indicating that key events of apoptosis, such as the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic blebbing are not irreversible and can be involved in the normal cell functioning not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Anastasis - cell recovery after induction of apoptosis - can occur following elimination of proapoptotic stimuli. This can facilitate survival of damaged or tumor cells. This review describes key processes of apoptosis, which do not necessarily lead to cell death during normal cell activity as well as anastasis. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of apoptotic processes reversibility, on the one hand, could contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic approaches for various diseases, including malignant neoplasms, and, on the other hand, could open up new possibilities for protecting cellular elements of tissues and organs from death during treatment of degenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Zakharov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M A Savitskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G E Onishchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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16
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Holanda VN, Silva WVD, Nascimento PHD, Silva SRB, Cabral Filho PE, Assis SPDO, Silva CAD, Oliveira RND, Figueiredo RCBQD, Lima VLDM. Antileishmanial activity of 4-phenyl-1-[2-(phthalimido-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole (PT4) derivative on Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis: In silico ADMET, in vitro activity, docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104437. [PMID: 33339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds obtained by click chemistry reactions have demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activities being widely applied for the development of molecules against pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by intracellular protozoa parasite of genus Leishmania, comprises a complex of clinical manifestations that affect the skin and mucous membranes. The available drugs for the treatment are toxic and costly, with long periods of treatment, and the emergence of resistant strains has been reported. In this study we investigated the in vitro effects of a phthalimide-1,2,3-triazole derivative, the 4-Phenyl-1-[2-(phthalimido-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole (PT4) obtained by click chemistry, on mammalian cells and on L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, the causative agents of CL in Brazil. In silico ADMET evaluation of PT4 showed that this molecule has good pharmacokinetic properties with no violation of Lipinski's rules. The in vitro assays showed that PT4 was more selective for both Leishmania species than to mammalian cells. This compound also presented low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells with CC50 > 500 μM. Treatment of promastigote forms with different concentrations of PT4 resulted in ultrastructural alterations, such as plasma membrane wrinkling, shortening of cell body, increased cell volume and cell rupture. The molecular dynamic simulations showed that PT4 interacts with Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase from Leishmania, an essential enzyme of lipid synthesis pathway in this parasite. Our results demonstrated PT4 was effective against both species of Leishmania. PT4 caused a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to parasite death. Taken together, our results pointed PT4 as promissing therapeutic agent against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlan Nogueira Holanda
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Welson Vicente da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ruschi Bergamachi Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155 - Morro Branco, 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Euzébio Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Shalom Porto de Oliveira Assis
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, 526, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - César Augusto da Silva
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Avenida José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n - Campus Universitário, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Nascimento de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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17
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Ahmad AE, Khajah MA, Khushaish S, Luqmani YA. Aquaporin expression in breast cancer and their involvement in bleb formation, cell motility and invasion in endocrine resistant variant cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1014-1024. [PMID: 32319574 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)‑silenced breast cancer cell lines exhibit endocrine resistance and morphological changes from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. These cells also display increased motility and invasive properties that are further accentuated by exposure to an alkaline pH, exhibiting dynamic plasma membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic streaming. These latter morphological changes are hypothesized to involve substantial water movement across the plasma membrane, contributing to bleb formation; this may involve aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs). AQP 1, 3, 4 and 5 expression/localization was examined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy in endocrine‑sensitive (YS1.2) and ‑resistant (pII and MDA‑MB‑231) breast cancer cells, as well as normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). The effects of osmotic changes on bleb formation were examined via live cell imaging. AQP3 protein expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and the effect of its reduced expression on bleb formation, cell motility and invasion were determined via immunofluorescence, scratch and Cultrex assays, respectively. Expression of the four AQPs varied across the different cell lines, and exhibited nuclear, cytoplasmic and membranous localization. Osmotic changes affected the formation of blebs. In pII cells exposed to alkaline pH, AQP3 was observed to be redistributed from the nucleus into the newly formed blebs. siRNA‑mediated knockdown of AQP3 in pII cells significantly reduced cellular blebbing induced by alkaline pH, as well as motility and invasion. These data suggested that AQP3, and potentially other aquaporins, may participate in the processes leading to blebbing of endocrine‑resistant cells which is proposed to be a mechanism that drives tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah E Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Maitham A Khajah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Sarah Khushaish
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Yunus A Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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18
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Cáceres B, Ramirez A, Carrillo E, Jimenez G, Griñán-Lisón C, López-Ruiz E, Jiménez-Martínez Y, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H. Deciphering the Mechanism of Action Involved in Enhanced Suicide Gene Colon Cancer Cell Killer Effect Mediated by Gef and Apoptin. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020264. [PMID: 30813432 PMCID: PMC6406936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advances in cancer treatment, colorectal cancer has emerged as the second highest cause of death from cancer worldwide. For this type of tumor, the use of suicide gene therapy could represent a novel therapy. We recently demonstrated that co-expression of gef and apoptin dramatically inhibits proliferation of the DLD-1 colon cell line. In the present manuscript, we try to establish the mechanism underlying the enhanced induction of apoptosis by triggering both gef and apoptin expression in colon tumor cells. Scanning microscopy reveals that simultaneous expression of gef and apoptin induces the apparition of many "pores" in the cytoplasmic membrane not detected in control cell lines. The formation of pores induced by the gef gene and accentuated by apoptin results in cell death by necrosis. Moreover, we observed the presence of apoptotic cells. Performing protein expression analysis using western blot, we revealed an activation of mitochondrial apoptosis (increased expression of Pp53, cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase 9) and also the involvement of the extrinsic pathway through caspase 8activation. In conclusion, in this manuscript we demonstrate for the first time that the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and pore formation is also involved in the cell death caused by the co-expression of the gef and apoptin genes. Our results suggest that co-expression of gef and apoptin genes induces an increase in post-apoptotic necrotic cell death and could be a valuable tool in the design of new antitumor strategies focused on the enhancement of the immune response against cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Cáceres
- Motril Health Center, Hospital Santa Ana, Motril, 18600 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ramirez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Esmeralda Carrillo
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Gema Jimenez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Jiménez-Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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19
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Janks L, Sprague RS, Egan TM. ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:883-898. [PMID: 30598517 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells of myeloid origin show robust expression of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors, two-transmembrane ion channels permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+ Receptor activation promotes inflammasome activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In this study, we show that ATP generates facilitating cationic currents in monocyte-derived human macrophages and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to polyatomic cationic dyes. We find that antagonists of PLA2 and Cl- channels abolish P2X7 receptor-mediated current facilitation, membrane permeabilization, blebbing, phospholipid scrambling, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Our data demonstrate significant differences in the actions of ATP in murine and human macrophages and suggest that PLA2 and Cl- channels mediate innate immunity downstream of P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Janks
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Randy S Sprague
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Terrance M Egan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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20
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Weng NJH, Cheung C, Talbot P. Dynamic blebbing: A bottleneck to human embryonic stem cell culture that can be overcome by Laminin-Integrin signaling. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:233-246. [PMID: 30458343 PMCID: PMC6414319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes dynamic and apoptotic blebbing in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), identifies dynamic blebbing as a bottleneck to successful cell attachment during passaging, and demonstrates that dynamic blebbing can be rapidly stopped by plating cells on recombinant human laminin. In freshly plated hESC, dynamic and apoptotic blebbing differed in time of occurrence, bleb retraction rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase 3&7 activation. While dynamic blebbing can be controlled with drugs that inhibit myosin II, these methods have off-target effects and are not suitable for clinical applications. Recombinant human laminin-521 or addition of laminin-111 to Matrigel provided a safe method to drastically decrease dynamic blebbing and improve cell attachment with proteins normally found in the inner cell mass. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, which is activated by binding of integrins to laminin, prolonged dynamic blebbing and inhibited attachment. These data show that hESC bind rapidly to laminins through an integrin, which activates focal adhesion kinase that in turn downregulates dynamic blebbing. Laminins enabled hESC to rapidly attach during passaging, improved plating efficiency, enabled passaging of single pluripotent stem cells, and avoided use of inhibitors that have non-specific off-target effects. These data provide a strategy for improving hESC culture using biologically safe recombinant human proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Jo-Hao Weng
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Cindy Cheung
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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21
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Gong X, Didan Y, Lock JG, Strömblad S. KIF13A-regulated RhoB plasma membrane localization governs membrane blebbing and blebby amoeboid cell migration. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201898994. [PMID: 30049714 PMCID: PMC6120662 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201898994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane blebbing‐dependent (blebby) amoeboid migration can be employed by lymphoid and cancer cells to invade 3D‐environments. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the small GTPase RhoB controls membrane blebbing and blebby amoeboid migration. Interestingly, while all three Rho isoforms (RhoA, RhoB and RhoC) regulated amoeboid migration, each controlled motility in a distinct manner. In particular, RhoB depletion blocked membrane blebbing in ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia), melanoma and lung cancer cells as well as ALL cell amoeboid migration in 3D‐collagen, while RhoB overexpression enhanced blebbing and 3D‐collagen migration in a manner dependent on its plasma membrane localization and down‐stream effectors ROCK and Myosin II. RhoB localization was controlled by endosomal trafficking, being internalized via Rab5 vesicles and then trafficked either to late endosomes/lysosomes or to Rab11‐positive recycling endosomes, as regulated by KIF13A. Importantly, KIF13A depletion not only inhibited RhoB plasma membrane localization, but also cell membrane blebbing and 3D‐migration of ALL cells. In conclusion, KIF13A‐mediated endosomal trafficking modulates RhoB plasma membrane localization to control membrane blebbing and blebby amoeboid migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yuliia Didan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - John G Lock
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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22
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Rana PS, Mudrak NJ, Lopez R, Lynn M, Kershner L, Model MA. Phase separation in necrotic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:300-303. [PMID: 28859980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic cells are known to develop characteristic membrane blebs. We measured protein concentration within necrotic blebs and found that it can be reduced by as much as twenty-fold compared to the main cell body (CB). These results raise two questions: 1. Why do proteins vacate the bleb? 2. How can osmotic equilibrium be maintained between the bleb and CB? Our photobleaching and ultracentrifugation experiments indicate extensive protein aggregation. We hypothesize that protein aggregation within the CB shifts the chemical equilibrium and draws proteins out of the bleb; at the same time, aggregation reduces the effective molar concentration of protein in the CB, so that osmotic equilibrium between high-protein CB and low-protein necrotic blebs becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S Rana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Nathan J Mudrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | - Matthew Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Leah Kershner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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23
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Weng NJH, Talbot P. The P2X7 receptor is an upstream regulator of dynamic blebbing and a pluripotency marker in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:39-49. [PMID: 28672157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New methods are needed to reduce dynamic blebbing which inhibits cell attachment and survival during passaging of pluripotent stem cells. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular ATP during passaging initiates dynamic blebbing. The P2X7 receptor was present in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), but not in differentiating cells. Extracellular ATP concentrations were 14× higher in medium during passaging. Addition of ATP to culture medium prolonged dynamic blebbing and inhibited attachment. Inhibition of P2X7 by specific drugs or by siRNA significantly reduced dynamic blebbing and improved cell attachment. When cells were incubated in calcium chelators (EGTA or BAPTA), blebbing decreased and attachment improved. Calcium influx was observed using Fura-4 when ATP was added to culture medium and inhibited in the presence of the P2X7 inhibitor. Over-expressing activated Rac in hESC reduced blebbing and promoted cell attachment, while a Rac inhibitor prolonged blebbing and reduced attachment. These data identify a pathway involving P2X7 that initiates and prolongs dynamic blebbing during hESC passaging. This pathway provides new insight into factors that increase dynamic blebbing and identifies new targets, such as P2X7, that can be used to improve the culture of cells with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Jo-Hao Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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24
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Khajah MA, Mathew PM, Luqmani YA. Inhibitors of PI3K/ERK1/2/p38 MAPK Show Preferential Activity Against Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1283-1295. [PMID: 28276317 PMCID: PMC7841054 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14883245308282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current mainstream pharmacological options for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer have limitations in terms of their side effect profile and lack of discrimination between normal and cancer cells. In the current study, we assessed the responses of normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF-7, and ER-silenced pII breast cancer cells to inhibitors (either individually or in combination) of downstream signaling molecules. The expression/activity of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt was determined by Western blotting. Cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were determined using MTT, wound healing, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Morphological changes in response to variation in external pH were assessed by light microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD0325901), p38 MAPK (SB203580), and PI3K (LY294002) preferentially reduce breast cancer cell proliferation. In pII cells, they also reduced motility, invasion, and bleb formation induced by alkaline conditions. Combination treatment with lower concentrations of inhibitors was significantly more effective than single agents and was more effective against the cancer cell lines than the normal MCF10A. In contrast, the commonly used cytotoxic agent paclitaxel did not sufficiently discriminate between the MCF10A and the cancer cells. We concluded that combination therapy using ERK1/2 inhibitor and either p38 MAPK or PI3K inhibitor may provide a greater therapeutic benefit in treating breast cancer by specifically targeting cancer cells with lower doses of each drug than needed individually, potentially reducing unwanted side effects.
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25
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Gao Y, Wang Z, Hao Q, Li W, Xu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang S, Liu S, Li M, Xue X, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Loss of ERα induces amoeboid-like migration of breast cancer cells by downregulating vinculin. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14483. [PMID: 28266545 PMCID: PMC5344302 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a well-known target of endocrine therapy for ERα-positive breast cancer. ERα-negative cells, which are enriched during endocrine therapy, are associated with metastatic relapse. Here we determine that loss of ERα in the invasive front and in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer is significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that ERα inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we find that ERα is a novel regulator of vinculin expression in breast cancer. Notably, ERα suppresses the amoeboid-like movement of breast cancer cells by upregulating vinculin in 3D matrix, which in turn promotes cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion and inhibits the formation of amoeboid-like protrusions. A positive association between ERα and vinculin expression is found in human breast cancer tissues. The results show that ERα inhibits breast cancer metastasis and suggest that ERα suppresses cell amoeboid-like movement by upregulating vinculin. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-negative cells, which are enriched during endocrine therapy, are associated with metastatic relapse of breast cancer. Here the authors show that ERα inhibits breast cancer metastasis and suggest that ERα suppresses the amoeboid-like migration of breast cancer cells by upregulating vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wangqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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