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Servais A, Barbeau EJ, Bastin C. Contextual novelty detection and novelty-related memory enhancement in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2024; 172:72-85. [PMID: 38237229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though novelty processing plays a critical role in memory function, little is known about how it influences learning in memory-impaired populations, such as amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). METHODS 21 aMCI patients and 22 age- and education-matched healthy older participants performed two tasks-(i) an oddball paradigm where fractals that were often repeated (60 % of the stimuli), less frequently repeated (20 %), or novel (presented once each) were shown to assess novelty preference (longer viewing time for novel than familiar stimuli), and (ii) a Von Restorff paradigm assessing novelty-related effects on memory. Participants studied 22 lists of 10 words. Among these lists, 18 contained an isolated word different from the others by its distinctive aspect, here the font size (90-point, 120-point or 150-point against 60-point for non-isolated words). The remaining four were control lists without isolated words. After studying each list, participants freely recalled the maximum words possible. RESULTS For the oddball task, a group-by-stimulus type ANOVA on median viewing times revealed a significant effect of stimulus type, but not of group. Both groups spent more time on novel stimuli. For the Von Restorff task, both aMCI and healthy controls recalled the isolated words (presented in 120-point or 150-point, but not 90-point) better than others (excluding primacy and recency effects). Novelty-related memory benefit-gain factor-was computed as the difference between the recall scores for isolated and other words. A group-by-font size ANOVA on gain factors revealed no group effect, nor interaction, suggesting that aMCI patients benefited from novelty, alike controls. CONCLUSION Novelty preference and the boosting effect of isolation-related novelty on subsequent recall seem preserved despite impaired episodic memory in aMCI patients. This is discussed in the light of contemporary divergent theories regarding the relationship between novelty and memory, as either being independent or parts of a continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Servais
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS UMR5549, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS UMR5549, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Sun J, Liu Y, Wu H, Jing P, Ji Y. A novel deep learning approach for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease based on eye-tracking data. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:972773. [PMID: 36158627 PMCID: PMC9500464 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.972773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye-tracking technology has become a powerful tool for biomedical-related applications due to its simplicity of operation and low requirements on patient language skills. This study aims to use the machine-learning models and deep-learning networks to identify key features of eye movements in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) under specific visual tasks, thereby facilitating computer-aided diagnosis of AD. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) visuospatial memory task is designed to provide participants with visual stimuli while their eye-movement data are recorded and used to build an eye-tracking dataset. Then, we propose a novel deep-learning-based model for identifying patients with Alzheimer's Disease (PwAD) and healthy controls (HCs) based on the collected eye-movement data. The proposed model utilizes a nested autoencoder network to extract the eye-movement features from the generated fixation heatmaps and a weight adaptive network layer for the feature fusion, which can preserve as much useful information as possible for the final binary classification. To fully verify the performance of the proposed model, we also design two types of models based on traditional machine-learning and typical deep-learning for comparison. Furthermore, we have also done ablation experiments to verify the effectiveness of each module of the proposed network. Finally, these models are evaluated by four-fold cross-validation on the built eye-tracking dataset. The proposed model shows 85% average accuracy in AD recognition, outperforming machine-learning methods and other typical deep-learning networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiguang Jing
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Peiguang Jing
| | - Yong Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Opwonya J, Doan DNT, Kim SG, Kim JI, Ku B, Kim S, Park S, Kim JU. Saccadic Eye Movement in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 32:193-227. [PMID: 33959887 PMCID: PMC9090874 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the transitional state to AD dementia (ADD) and other types of dementia, whose symptoms are accompanied by altered eye movement. In this work, we reviewed the existing literature and conducted a meta-analysis to extract relevant eye movement parameters that are significantly altered owing to ADD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review of 35 eligible original publications in saccade paradigms and a meta-analysis of 27 articles with specified task conditions, which used mainly gap and overlap conditions in both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms. The meta-analysis revealed that prosaccade and antisaccade latencies and frequency of antisaccade errors showed significant alterations for both MCI and ADD. First, both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms differentiated patients with ADD and MCI from controls, however, antisaccade paradigms was more effective than prosaccade paradigms in distinguishing patients from controls. Second, during prosaccade in the gap and overlap conditions, patients with ADD had significantly longer latencies than patients with MCI, and the trend was similar during antisaccade in the gap condition as patients with ADD had significantly more errors than patients with MCI. The anti-effect magnitude was similar between controls and patients, and the magnitude of the latency of the gap effect varied among healthy controls and MCI and ADD subjects, but the effect size of the latency remained large in both patients. These findings suggest that, using gap effect, anti-effect, and specific choices of saccade paradigms and conditions, distinctions could be made between MCI and ADD patients as well as between patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Opwonya
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieu Ni Thi Doan
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gee Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Il Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeuk U Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Heled E, Ohayon M. Working Memory for Faces among Individuals with Congenital Deafness. J Am Acad Audiol 2022; 33:342-348. [PMID: 36446592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining face processing among individuals with congenital deafness show inconsistent results that are often accounted for by sign language skill. However, working memory for faces as an aspect of face processing has not yet been examined in congenital deafness. PURPOSE To explore working memory for faces among individuals with congenital deafness who are skilled in sign language. RESEARCH DESIGN A quasi-experimental study of individuals with congenital deafness and a control group. STUDY SAMPLE Sixteen individuals with congenital deafness who are skilled in sign language and 18 participants with intact hearing, matched for age, and education. INTERVENTION The participants performed two conditions of the N-back test in ascending difficulty (i.e., 1-back and 2-back). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Levene's and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess group homoscedasticity and normality, respectively. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to compare the groups in response time and accuracy of the N-back test, as well as Pearson correlation between response time and accuracy, and sign language skill duration. RESULTS The congenital deafness group performed better than controls, as was found in the response time but not in the accuracy variables. However, an interaction effect showed that this pattern was significant for the 1-back but not for the 2-back condition in the response time but not the accuracy. Further, there was a marginal effect in response time but a significant one in accuracy showing the 2-back was performed worse than the 1-back. No significant correlation was found between response time and accuracy, and sign language skill duration. CONCLUSION Face processing advantage associated with congenital deafness is dependent on cognitive load, but sign language duration does not affect this trend. In addition, response time and accuracy are not equally sensitive to performance differences in the N-back test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Heled
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maayon Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Liu CS, Herrmann N, Song BX, Ba J, Gallagher D, Oh PI, Marzolini S, Rajji TK, Charles J, Papneja P, Rapoport MJ, Andreazza AC, Vieira D, Kiss A, Lanctôt KL. Exercise priming with transcranial direct current stimulation: a study protocol for a randomized, parallel-design, sham-controlled trial in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:677. [PMID: 34863115 PMCID: PMC8645072 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive type of brain stimulation that uses electrical currents to modulate neuronal activity. A small number of studies have investigated the effects of tDCS on cognition in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and have demonstrated variable effects. Emerging evidence suggests that tDCS is most effective when applied to active brain circuits. Aerobic exercise is known to increase cortical excitability and improve brain network connectivity. Exercise may therefore be an effective, yet previously unexplored primer for tDCS to improve cognition in MCI and mild AD. Methods Participants with MCI or AD will be randomized to receive 10 sessions over 2 weeks of either exercise primed tDCS, exercise primed sham tDCS, or tDCS alone in a blinded, parallel-design trial. Those randomized to an exercise intervention will receive individualized 30-min aerobic exercise prescriptions to achieve a moderate-intensity dosage, equivalent to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold determined by cardiopulmonary assessment, to sufficiently increase cortical excitability. The tDCS protocol consists of 20 min sessions at 2 mA, 5 times per week for 2 weeks applied through 35 cm2 bitemporal electrodes. Our primary aim is to assess the efficacy of exercise primed tDCS for improving global cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Our secondary aims are to evaluate the efficacy of exercise primed tDCS for improving specific cognitive domains using various cognitive tests (n-back, Word Recall and Word Recognition Tasks from the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory). We will also explore whether exercise primed tDCS is associated with an increase in markers of neurogenesis, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, and if changes in these markers are correlated with cognitive improvement. Discussion We describe a novel clinical trial to investigate the effects of exercise priming before tDCS in patients with MCI or mild AD. This proof-of-concept study may identify a previously unexplored, non-invasive, non-pharmacological combination intervention that improves cognitive symptoms in patients. Findings from this study may also identify potential mechanistic actions of tDCS in MCI and mild AD. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03670615. Registered on September 13, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina S Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Bing Xin Song
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Joycelyn Ba
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Charles
- Family & Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Purti Papneja
- Family & Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mark J Rapoport
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Vieira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada. .,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada.
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Readman MR, Polden M, Gibbs MC, Wareing L, Crawford TJ. The Potential of Naturalistic Eye Movement Tasks in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111503. [PMID: 34827502 PMCID: PMC8615459 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated that eye-tracking tasks can effectively indicate cognitive impairment. For example, lab-based eye-tracking tasks, such as the antisaccade task, have robustly distinguished between people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy older adults. Due to the neurodegeneration associated with AD, people with AD often display extended saccade latencies and increased error rates on eye-tracking tasks. Although the effectiveness of using eye tracking to identify cognitive impairment appears promising, research considering the utility of eye tracking during naturalistic tasks, such as reading, in identifying cognitive impairment is limited. The current review identified 39 articles assessing eye-tracking distinctions between people with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls when completing naturalistic task (reading, real-life simulations, static image search) or a goal-directed task involving naturalistic stimuli. The results revealed that naturalistic tasks show promising biomarkers and distinctions between healthy older adults and AD participants, and therefore show potential to be used for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. However, only twelve articles included MCI participants and assessed the sensitivity of measures to detect cognitive impairment in preclinical stages. In addition, the review revealed inconsistencies within the literature, particularly when assessing reading tasks. We urge researchers to expand on the current literature in this area and strive to assess the robustness and sensitivity of eye-tracking measures in both AD and MCI populations on naturalistic tasks.
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Zhu G, Wang J, Xiao L, Yang K, Huang K, Li B, Huang S, Hu B, Xiao B, Liu D, Feng L, Wang Q. Memory Deficit in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Evidence From Eye Tracking Technology. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:716476. [PMID: 34557066 PMCID: PMC8453169 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.716476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore quantitative measurements of the visual attention and neuroelectrophysiological relevance of memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by eye tracking and electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Thirty-four TLE patients and twenty-eight healthy controls were invited to complete neurobehavioral assessments, cognitive oculomotor tasks, and 24-h video EEG (VEEG) recordings using an automated computer-based memory assessment platform with an eye tracker. Visit counts, visit time, and time of first fixation on areas of interest (AOIs) were recorded and analyzed in combination with interictal epileptic discharge (IED) characteristics from the bilateral temporal lobes. Results: The TLE patients had significantly worse Wechsler Digit Span scores [F(1, 58) = 7.49, p = 0.008]. In the Short-Term Memory Game with eye tracking, TLE patients took a longer time to find the memorized items [F(1, 57) = 17.30, p < 0.001]. They had longer first fixation [F(1, 57) = 4.06, p = 0.049] and more visit counts [F(1, 57) = 7.58, p = 0.008] on the target during the recall. Furthermore, the performance of the patients in the Digit Span task was negatively correlated with the total number of IEDs [r(28) = −0.463, p = 0.013] and the number of spikes per sleep cycle [r(28) = −0.420, p = 0.026]. Conclusion: Eye tracking appears to be a quantitative, objective measure of memory evaluation, demonstrating memory retrieval deficits but preserved visual attention in TLE patients. Nocturnal temporal lobe IEDs are closely associated with memory performance, which might be the electrophysiological mechanism for memory impairment in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beibin Li
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Gu Y, Liu H, Wang P. The effectiveness of eye tracking in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254059. [PMID: 34252113 PMCID: PMC8274929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eye tracking (ET) is a viable marker for the recognition of cognitive disorders. We assessed the accuracy and clinical value of ET for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients. Methods We searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception to March 2, 2021, as well as the reference lists of identified primary studies. We included articles written in English that investigated ET for cognitive disorder patients—Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia. Two independent researchers extracted the data and the characteristics of each study; We calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities. A hierarchical summary of receiver performance characteristics (HSROC) model was used to test the diagnostic accuracy of ET for cognitive impairment (CI). Findings 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative comprehensive analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 trials using Neuropsychological Cognitive Testing (NCT) as the reference standard. The comprehensive sensitivity and specificity of ET for detecting cognitive disorders were 0.75 (95% CI 0.72–0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.76), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 2.74 (95%CI 2.32–3.24) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) was 0.27 (95%CI 0.18–0.42). Conclusions This review showed that ET technology could be used to detect the decline in CI, clinical use of ET techniques in combination with other tools to assess CI can be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicai Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Histology and Imaging platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yueming Gu
- Rehabilitation College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, Guangzhou, China
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A Pilot Study Comparing Effects of Bifrontal Versus Bitemporal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease. J ECT 2020; 36:211-215. [PMID: 31790015 PMCID: PMC7447169 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can enhance aspects of memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD), there has been wide variability in both the placement of tDCS electrodes and treatment response. This study compared the effects of bifrontal (anodal stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices), bitemporal (anodal stimulation over the temporal cortices), and sham tDCS on cognitive performance in MCI and AD. METHODS Seventeen patients diagnosed with MCI or mild AD received 3 sessions of anodal tDCS (bifrontal, bitemporal, 2 mA for 20 minutes; and sham) in random order. Sessions were separated by 1 week. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Word Recognition Task, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Word Recall Task, 2-back, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to assess cognition. RESULTS There was a significant effect of stimulation condition on 2-back accuracy (F2,28 = 5.28 P = 0.01, ηp = 0.27), with greater improvements following bitemporal tDCS compared with both bifrontal and sham stimulations. There were no significant changes on other outcome measures following any stimulation. Adverse effects from stimulation were mild and temporary. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that improvements in specific memory tasks can be safely achieved after a single session of bitemporal tDCS in MCI and mild AD patients.
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Davis R, Sikorskii A. Eye Tracking Analysis of Visual Cues during Wayfinding in Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 49:91-97. [PMID: 32516764 PMCID: PMC7483804 DOI: 10.1159/000506859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have profound impairment in wayfinding, potentially related to a deficit in visual attention and selection of relevant environmental information. This study sought to determine differences in visual attention to salient visual cues and nonsalient cues (building features) in older adults with and without AD during active wayfinding in a large-scale, virtual reality spatial task. METHODS Fifteen subjects (7 with AD and 8 controls without AD) were asked to find their way repeatedly during 10 trials in a virtual simulation of a senior retirement community. Subjects wore eye tracking glasses to capture visual fixations while wayfinding. The least square means (LSMs) and their standard errors (SEs) for percentage of fixations and duration of fixations on salient and nonsalient cues were estimated from the linear mixed effects models and compared by group (AD or control) and cue type. RESULTS The group by cue type interaction was significant for both percentage of fixations (F(1, 13) = 6.79, p = 0.02) and duration of fixations (F(1, 13) = 4.87, p = 0.04). The AD group had significantly lower percentages of fixations on salient cues, LSM = 57.91 (SE = 2.44), compared to controls, LSM = 66.40 (SE = 2.19); p = 0.03. Persons with AD had a higher percentage of fixations on building features, LSM = 31.65 (SE = 2.18), than controls, LSM = 24.54 (SE = 1.95); p = 0.02. Shorter durations of fixations on salient cues were experienced by the AD group, LSM = 38.89 (SE = 1.69), than the control group, LSM = 44.69 (SE = 1.55); p = 0.02. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Individuals with AD may have difficulty selecting relevant information for wayfinding as compared to normally aging individuals and attend more frequently than controls to irrelevant information. This may help explain the wayfinding difficulties seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Davis
- Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA,
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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11
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Tao L, Wang Q, Liu D, Wang J, Zhu Z, Feng L. Eye tracking metrics to screen and assess cognitive impairment in patients with neurological disorders. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1697-1704. [PMID: 32125540 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eye tracking is a powerful method to investigate the relationship between behavior and neural mechanisms. In recent years, eye movement analysis has been used in patients with neurological disorders to assess cognitive function. In this review, we explore the latest eye tracking researches in neurological disorders that are commonly associated with cognitive deficits, specifically, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and epilepsy. We focus on the application of ocular measures in these disorders, with the goal of understanding how eye tracking technology can be used in the clinical setting. FINDINGS Eye tracking tasks (especially saccadic tasks) are often used as an adjunct to traditional scales for cognitive assessment. Eye tracking data confirmed that executive dysfunction is common in PD and ALS, whereas AD and MS are characterized by attention deficits. Research in evaluating cognitive function in epilepsy using eye tracking is still in its early stages, but this approach has shown advantages as a sensitive quantitative method with high temporal and spatial resolution. Eye tracking technology can facilitate the assessment of cognitive impairment with higher temporal resolution and finer granularity than traditional cognitive assessment. Oculomotor data collected during cognitive tasks can provide insight into biological processes. Eye tracking provides a nonverbal and less cognitively demanding method of measuring disease progression in cognitively impaired patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi' An, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging technology, Xi'an, Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi' An, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Laurens B, Planche V, Cubizolle S, Declerck L, Dupouy S, Formaglio M, Koric L, Seassau M, Tilikete C, Vighetto A, Ceccaldi M, Tison F. A Spatial Decision Eye-Tracking Task in Patients with Prodromal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:613-621. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Laurens
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Cubizolle
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Léa Declerck
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dupouy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïté Formaglio
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Département de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Caroline Tilikete
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Alain Vighetto
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Département de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Françcois Tison
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
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13
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Bueno APA, Sato JR, Hornberger M. Eye tracking - The overlooked method to measure cognition in neurodegeneration? Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107191. [PMID: 31521634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eye tracking (ET) studies are becoming increasingly popular due to rapid methodological and technological advances as well as the development of cost efficient and portable eye trackers. Although historically ET has been mostly employed in psychophysics or developmental cognition studies, there is also promising scope to use ET for movement disorders and measuring cognitive processes in neurodegeneration. Particularly, ET can be a powerful tool for cognitive and neuropsychological assessments of patients with pathologies affecting motor and verbal abilities, as tasks can be adapted without requiring motor (except eye movements) or verbal responses. In this review, we will examine the existing evidence of ET methods in neurodegenerative conditions and its potential clinical impact for cognitive assessment. We highlight that current evidence for ET is mostly focused on diagnostics of cognitive impairments in neurodegenerative disorders, where it is debatable whether it has any more sensitivity or specificity than existing cognitive assessments. By contrast, there is currently a lack of ET studies in more advanced disease stages, when patients' motor and verbal functions can be significantly affected, and standard cognitive assessments are challenging or often not possible. We conclude that ET is a promising method not only for cognitive diagnostics but more importantly, for potential cognitive disease tracking in progressive neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P A Bueno
- - Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil; - Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - J R Sato
- - Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - M Hornberger
- - Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; - Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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14
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Novelty processing and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:237-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Vila-Castelar C, Ly JJ, Kaplan L, Van Dyk K, Berger JT, Macina LO, Stewart JL, Foldi NS. Attention Measures of Accuracy, Variability, and Fatigue Detect Early Response to Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:277-289. [PMID: 29635383 PMCID: PMC6487534 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Donepezil is widely used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), but detecting early response remains challenging for clinicians. Acetylcholine is known to directly modulate attention, particularly under high cognitive conditions, but no studies to date test whether measures of attention under high load can detect early effects of donepezil. We hypothesized that load-dependent attention tasks are sensitive to short-term treatment effects of donepezil, while global and other domain-specific cognitive measures are not. METHOD This longitudinal, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03073876) evaluated 23 participants newly diagnosed with AD initiating de novo donepezil treatment (5 mg). After baseline assessment, participants were randomized into Drug (n = 12) or Placebo (n = 11) groups, and retested after approximately 6 weeks. Cognitive assessment included: (a) attention tasks (Foreperiod Effect, Attentional Blink, and Covert Orienting tasks) measuring processing speed, top-down accuracy, orienting, intra-individual variability, and fatigue; (b) global measures (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, Mini-Mental Status Examination, Dementia Rating Scale); and (c) domain-specific measures (memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function). RESULTS The Drug but not the Placebo group showed benefits of treatment at high-load measures by preserving top-down accuracy, improving intra-individual variability, and averting fatigue. In contrast, other global or cognitive domain-specific measures could not detect treatment effects over the same treatment interval. CONCLUSIONS The pilot-study suggests that attention measures targeting accuracy, variability, and fatigue under high-load conditions could be sensitive to short-term cholinergic treatment. Given the central role of acetylcholine in attentional function, load-dependent attentional measures may be valuable cognitive markers of early treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vila-Castelar
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny J Ly
- eResearch Technology, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lillian Kaplan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, York College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA - Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Berger
- Division of Palliative Medicine and Bioethics, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Lucy O Macina
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy S Foldi
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
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16
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Hennawy M, Sabovich S, Liu CS, Herrmann N, Lanctôt KL. Sleep and Attention in Alzheimer's Disease. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:53-61. [PMID: 30923473 PMCID: PMC6430169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with a wide variety of symptoms, including sleep disruption and sleep disorders. Conversely, disordered sleep has been associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Both conditions individually have adverse effects on attention, which can be further divided into selective, sustained, divided, and alternating attention. The neural mechanisms underpinning sleep problems in AD involve the disruption of the circadian system. This review comprehensively discusses the types of attention impairments, the relationship between AD pathology and sleep disruption, and the effect of sleep issues on attention in AD. Recommendations for future research include addressing the lack of consistency among study designs and outcomes, and the need to continue exploring the biology of sleep and attention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Hennawy
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Solomon Sabovich
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celina S. Liu
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Krista L. Lanctôt, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Room FG08, Toronto, ON. M4N 3M5, Canada; Fax: 416-480-6022,
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17
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Eizenman M, Chung J, Yu M, Jia H, Jiang P. Attention, novelty preference and the visual paired comparison task. Exp Eye Res 2018; 183:52-56. [PMID: 30445047 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The innate ability of humans to identify, process and ascribe greater attentional resources (attention bias) to novel stimuli is essential for exploring new opportunities and consequently adapt to changing environments. One of the most common tests to assess attention bias to novel stimuli (Novelty Preference - NP) is the visual paired comparison task (VPC). In the VPC task subjects are presented with novel and previously seen images (repeated images) and NP is measured by parameters that describe visual scanning patterns on these images. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of divided attention on NP. NP was measured in 26 healthy young individuals under two test conditions. In the first condition, subjects performed the VPC task and an audio task simultaneously (divided attention test condition), while in the second condition subjects performed only the VPC task (undivided attention test condition). For each test condition, repeated images were presented after delays ranging from 1.0 to 219.5 s and NP was measured by the mean difference between the relative fixation times on novel and repeated images at each delay. In the divided attention test condition, there were significant differences (p < 0.037) between the magnitudes of NPs for long delays (≥ 162 s) and short delays (≤12.5 s). Such differences were not detected in the undivided attention test condition. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the measured NPs during the divided and undivided attention test conditions (F(1, 25) = 18.38, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.424) and significant interaction effects between delays and testing conditions (F(5,125) = 2.88, p = 0.017, η2 = 0.103). Post-hoc t-tests showed significant differences between the measured NPs during the divided attention and undivided attention test conditions for long delays (162.0 and 219.5 s) but not for short delays (1.0 and 12.5 s). The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that for longer delays between the presentations of repeated images in the VPC task, NP is dependent on the recollection-based item recognition memory system, while for shorter delays NP is dependent on the automatic, familiarity-based item recognition memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Eizenman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 420C, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 420C, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 420C, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - MingHan Yu
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Room 420C, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Hengrui Jia
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Room 420C, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Attentional capture by incongruent object/background scenes in patients with Alzheimer disease. Cortex 2018; 107:4-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Chau SA, Herrmann N, Chung J, Eizenman M, Lanctôt KL. Effect of Methylphenidate for Apathy on Visual Attention Scanning Behavior: a Pilot Study. Can Geriatr J 2018; 21:139-142. [PMID: 29977428 PMCID: PMC6028169 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.21.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential of eye-tracking technology in monitoring symptoms and predicting outcomes in apathetic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients treated with methylphenidate (MTP). Methods Neuropsychological tests and eye-tracking measurements were completed at baseline and following at least four weeks of treatment with MTP (5–10 mg BID). Eye-movements were measured while patients viewed novel and social stimuli. Cognition, behavior, and apathy were assessed using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Exam (sMMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), respectively. Results Nine patients were included in the analysis (age: median=75, interquartile range=8; sMMSE: median=22, interquartile range=14). Spearman correlations showed that improvement on the AES was associated with increased visual attention towards novel stimuli (ρ7=−0.809, p=.008). Additionally, lower baseline attention towards social images was associated with improvement on the AES (ρ7=0.905, p=.001). Conclusions Eye-tracking techniques can be developed as an objective and nonverbal method of monitoring symptoms and treatment outcomes in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Chau
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Moshe Eizenman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Kusne Y, Wolf AB, Townley K, Conway M, Peyman GA. Visual system manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e668-e676. [PMID: 27864881 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly common disease with massive personal and economic costs. While it has long been known that AD impacts the visual system, there has recently been an increased focus on understanding both pathophysiological mechanisms that may be shared between the eye and brain and how related biomarkers could be useful for AD diagnosis. Here, were review pertinent cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD pathophysiology, the presence of AD pathology in the visual system, associated functional changes, and potential development of diagnostic tools based on the visual system. Additionally, we discuss links between AD and visual disorders, including possible pathophysiological mechanisms and their relevance for improving our understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kusne
- University of Arizona College of Medicine; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Andrew B. Wolf
- University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Kate Townley
- University of Arizona College of Medicine; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Mandi Conway
- University of Arizona College of Medicine; Phoenix Arizona USA
- Arizona Retinal Specialists; Sun City Arizona USA
| | - Gholam A. Peyman
- University of Arizona College of Medicine; Phoenix Arizona USA
- Arizona Retinal Specialists; Sun City Arizona USA
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21
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Harezlak K, Kasprowski P. Application of eye tracking in medicine: A survey, research issues and challenges. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2017; 65:176-190. [PMID: 28606763 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The performance and quality of medical procedures and treatments are inextricably linked to technological development. The application of more advanced techniques provides the opportunity to gain wider knowledge and deeper understanding of the human body and mind functioning. The eye tracking methods used to register eye movement to find the direction and targets of a person's gaze are well in line with the nature of the topic. By providing methods for capturing and processing images of the eye it has become possible not only to reveal abnormalities in eye functioning but also to conduct cognitive studies focused on learning about peoples' emotions and intentions. The usefulness of the application of eye tracking technology in medicine was proved in many research studies. The aim of this paper is to give an insight into those studies and the way they utilize eye imaging in medical applications. These studies were differentiated taking their purpose and experimental paradigms into account. Additionally, methods for eye movement visualization and metrics for its quantifying were presented. Apart from presenting the state of the art, the aim of the paper was also to point out possible applications of eye tracking in medicine that have not been exhaustively investigated yet, and are going to be a perspective long-term direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Harezlak
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Pawel Kasprowski
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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22
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Chau SA, Herrmann N, Sherman C, Chung J, Eizenman M, Kiss A, Lanctôt KL. Visual Selective Attention Toward Novel Stimuli Predicts Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:1339-1349. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Chau
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chelsea Sherman
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Moshe Eizenman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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