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Cui W, Liu Z, Liang C, Zhao Z. Comparative efficacy of different types of exercise modalities on psychiatric symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7019. [PMID: 38528063 PMCID: PMC10963726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis investigated the effects of 8 types of physical exercises on treating positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score in patients with schizophrenia. The methods adhered to PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality assessment, and Stata software for data analysis. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database up to August 15, 2023, following PICOS principles. A total of 25 studies including 1441 participants were analyzed. Results showed that resistance exercise seems to be effective for improving positive symptoms, while Yoga was more effective for negative symptoms. Low-intensity aerobic exercise was optimal for general psychopathology, and Yoga was effective in improving the PANSS total score. The study concluded that yoga and aerobic exercise demonstrated superior performance, but the impact of exercise on patients with schizophrenia is also influenced by individual factors and intervention dosages. Therefore, a pre-assessment of patients considering factors such as interests, hobbies, and physical capabilities is crucial for selecting appropriate exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Cui
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhi Zhao
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
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2
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Su Y, Pan X, Li H, Zhang G. Effects of mind-body therapies on schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:236-247. [PMID: 38185028 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different mind-body therapies in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia. METHODS A systematic search was performed using databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of mind-body therapies on patients with schizophrenia were included. The search covered the period between the inception of each database and November 17th, 2022. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of various mind-body therapies, including Yoga, Mindfulness, Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Yijinjing. RESULTS The analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 2064 subjects. The network meta-analysis revealed that Yoga and Mindfulness interventions were more effective than other mind-body therapies in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia. Specifically, Yoga improved PANSS-positive symptom scores (SUCRA: 74.8 %) and PANSS-negative symptom scores (SUCRA: 80.4 %), whereas Mindfulness improved PANSS-positive symptom scores (SUCRA: 85.6 %). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that Yoga may be a promising intervention for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, the small sample size and the low quality of the included studies have limited the generalizability of our findings Therefore, this study must be understood with caution, and further investigation is warranted when more relevant studies emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Su
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; College of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Chen LC, Tan WY, Xi JY, Xie XH, Lin HC, Wang SB, Wu GH, Liu Y, Gu J, Jia FJ, Du ZC, Hao YT. Violent behavior and the network properties of psychopathological symptoms and real-life functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1324911. [PMID: 38274426 PMCID: PMC10808501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1324911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the interplay among psychopathological symptoms and real-life functioning, and to further detect their influence with violent behavior in patient with schizophrenia. Methods A sample of 1,664 patients with post-violence assessments and their propensity score-matched controls without violence from a disease registration report system of community mental health service in Guangdong, China, were studied by network analysis. Ising-Model was used to estimate networks of psychopathological symptoms and real-life functioning. Then, we tested whether network properties indicated the patterns of interaction were different between cases and controls, and calculated centrality indices of each node to identify the central nodes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the difference of interaction patterns between pre-violence and post-violence assessments in violence cases. Results Some nodes in the same domain were highly positive interrelations, while psychopathological symptoms were negatively related to real-life functioning in all networks. Many symptom-symptom connections and symptom-functioning connections were disconnected after the violence. The network density decreased from 23.53% to 12.42% without statistical significance (p = 0.338). The network structure, the global network strength, and the global clustering coefficient decreased significantly after the violence (p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.045, respectively). Real-life functioning had a higher node strength. The strength of sleeping, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and preoccupation were decreased in post-violence network of patients. Conclusion The decreasing connectivity may indicate an increased risk of violence and early warning for detecting violence. Interventions and improving health state based on nodes with high strength might prevent violence in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Yan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Yan Xi
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gong-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Guo J, Liu K, Liao Y, Qin Y, Yue W. Efficacy and feasibility of aerobic exercise interventions as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-Analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38167923 PMCID: PMC10851701 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder primarily treated with antipsychotics, which have limited efficacy for negative symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise interventions as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy through a meta-analysis, providing valuable insights for rational intervention design. Four databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials with no language restrictions published up to March 27, 2023, were included. The primary outcome indicator was the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) total score along with its three sub-scales. Secondary outcomes included the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Body Mass Index (BMI), which were used to assess the efficacy of aerobic exercise interventions in patients with schizophrenia. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of intervention duration and total weekly exercise time, while treatment feasibility was assessed through adherence rates. A total of 17 publications involving 973 patients with schizophrenia were deemed eligible and included in the analysis. Compared to other forms of adjunctive interventions, the network meta-analysis of 12 PANSS-based studies revealed that adjunctive aerobic exercise interventions were the most effective in reducing overall PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia, with statistically significant pooled results (MD = -4.84, 95% CI: -5.72, -3.96). Both the PANSS negative symptom subscale (MD = -2.11, 95% CI: -3.26, -0.95) and SANS (MD = -9.11, 95% CI: -11.94, -6.27) indicated that adjunctive aerobic exercise interventions effectively alleviate negative symptoms. Subgroup meta-analysis indicated that 2-3 month interventions involving 100-220 min of exercise per week were the most effective. Additionally, adherence to the adjunctive aerobic exercise regimen was found to be comparable to that of conventional treatment alone. Aerobic exercise interventions, as adjunctive therapy, are an effective measure for reducing PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia, contributing to the alleviation of both the positive and negative symptoms, and patients demonstrated strong adherence to aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Psychology, Medical Humanities Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Keju Liu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Qin
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Psychology, Medical Humanities Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Fernández-Abascal B, Suárez-Pinilla M, Cobo-Corrales C, Crespo-Facorro B, Suárez-Pinilla P. Lifestyle intervention based on exercise and behavioural counselling and its effect on physical and psychological health in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. An exploratory, pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:256-268. [PMID: 37857138 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often lead unhealthy lifestyles. This pragmatic trial evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention, consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise program and behavioural counselling, in SSD outpatients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). It also aimed to assess persistence of potential effects in a 24-month long-term follow-up. Effectiveness was measured in terms of a wide range of outcomes involving physical and psychological health, quality of life, physical activity and changes in motivation to exercise within the context of the self-determination theory. Our primary outcome was waist circumference change. Thirty-three out of 48 participants completed the study. No differences between groups were found in terms of BMI change or other metabolic parameters. However, the active group (AG) showed improvement regarding waist circumference, negative symptomatology and identified motivation to exercise during the study and follow-up. The AG exhibited changes toward a more active pattern of activity after intervention. Moreover, belonging to the AG was a significant predictor for achieving any degree of clinical improvement after 24-month follow-up. Combined interventions of exercise and behavioural counselling in SSD patients with MetS should be considered as an essential part of the integral treatment in the context of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Fernández-Abascal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria Medical School, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío - IBiS, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria Medical School, Santander 39011, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Öngün E, Ünsal G, Karaca S. Meta-analysis of the effect of psychosocial skills training on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2272-2285. [PMID: 35194796 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to synthesize the studies examining the effects of psychosocial skills training (PSST) on the quality of life of people with schizophrenia using a meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. FINDINGS PSST was found to have a moderate effect on the overall score of quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia, a moderate effect on the psychological dimension, and a low effect on the physical dimension. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It can be said that psychosocial skills training is an effective intervention that can be used to improve the quality of life of people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Öngün
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Ünsal
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Karaca
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Falkai P, Schmitt A, Rosenbeiger CP, Maurus I, Hattenkofer L, Hasan A, Malchow B, Heim-Ohmayer P, Halle M, Heitkamp M. Aerobic exercise in severe mental illness: requirements from the perspective of sports medicine. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:643-677. [PMID: 34873635 PMCID: PMC9095557 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are severe mental illnesses. Despite receiving psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments, about half of patients develop a chronic course with residual cognitive and negative symptoms and have a high risk for cardiovascular disease and reduced life expectancy. Therefore, add-on innovative treatment approaches are needed to improve outcome. Aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to improve global functioning, cognition, and negative and depressive symptoms in these patients. The basic mechanism of these exercise-related changes has been reported to be improved brain plasticity, e.g., increased volume of disease-related brain regions such as the hippocampus. The optimal type, duration, and frequency of exercise have not yet been determined and need to be addressed in supervised physical exercise studies. Because of the low physical activity levels, lack of drive related to negative and depressive symptoms, and high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with severe mental illness, besides aiming to improve symptoms of mental illness, exercise interventions should also aim to increase cardiorespiratory fitness, which they should comprehensively assess by direct measurements of maximal oxygen uptake. Based on the recommendations for developing cardiorespiratory fitness by the American College of Sports Medicine, 150 min moderate-intensity training per week or vigorous-intensity exercise training for 75 min per week are appropriate. Most studies have had relatively short intervention periods, so future studies should focus on long-term adherence to exercise by implementing motivational strategies supported by telemedicine and by identifying and targeting typical barriers to exercise in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany ,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian P. Rosenbeiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hattenkofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Heim-Ohmayer
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital ‘Klinikum Rechts der Isar’, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital ‘Klinikum Rechts der Isar’, Munich, Germany ,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital ‘Klinikum Rechts der Isar’, Munich, Germany
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8
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He M, Yang S, Miao Y, Zhang W, Zhu D, Xu D. Four-week Tai Chi intervention decreases attention bias to drug cues in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:638-648. [PMID: 34325579 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1950745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mind-body exercise is used for the rehabilitation of individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Attention bias to substances is an important index of MUD. However, whether a mind-body exercise intervention can decrease attention bias is unclear.Objective: This study aimed to test the effect of a four-week Tai Chi (a Chinese traditional mind-body exercise) exercise program on the attention bias of individuals with MUD.Methods: Thirty-two men with MUD and without Tai Chi practice experience were recruited and randomly assigned to either a Tai Chi exercise group or a control group. The Tai Chi group received four-week Tai Chi training, while the control group engaged in daily exercise (including radio gymnastics and Jianxincao, two kinds of free-hand exercises). During a drug-related Stroop task, participants were instructed to respond to the color of the word ignoring the word type (drug-related or neutral words). The reaction time and d' (the index of sensitivity) were measured.Results: The participants showed attention bias to substance cues; the reaction time was slower for drug-related words than for neutral words (p < .05). After the Tai Chi intervention, the Tai Chi group showed a faster reaction time (ps < .05) and a smaller d' (ps < .05) than the baseline across all the word types. In contrast, the control group showed no differences (ps > .05).Conclusion: Four-week Tai Chi intervention reduced sensitivity and attentional bias to drug-related cues in individuals with MUD, suggesting that mind-body exercise might enhance recovery from MUD via attention control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiheng He
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Miao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikun Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of International Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Bureau of Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Shanghai, China
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Mitsui T, Arii Y, Tsukamoto A, Taniguchi K, Mabuchi M, Shimizu A, Sumitomo N, Maki YK. Sociability-based fitness approach in Parkinson's disease: Comparison with conventional rehabilitation. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1893-1900. [PMID: 33657674 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of a sociability-based fitness approach on parkinsonian disability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) was assessed. METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with PD were randomly assigned to either the group-based rehabilitation (GBR) group (n = 40) or the individual-based rehabilitation (IBR) group (n = 40). The primary outcome was the difference between the two groups in the mean change from baseline to post-training in the total score on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The secondary outcomes included the change in mental status and the difference in the mean change from baseline to month 3 and month 6 in the total score on the UPDRS. RESULTS The mean (±SD) UPDRS scores were 72.0 ± 21.0 in the GBR group and 72.1 ± 18.6 in the IBR group. The UPDRS scores from baseline to post-training were 22.8 ± 13.5 in the GBR group and 10.9 ± 8.8 in the IBR group (difference 11.8 points; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0-18.6; p = 0.001). The difference between the groups from baseline to month 3 (difference 10.06 points; 95% CI 3.3-16.8) and the difference between the groups from baseline to month 6 (difference 11.7 points; 95% CI 4.9-18.5) were also significant (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). The scores of cognitive function and depression had not changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving GBR demonstrated significant improvements in parkinsonian symptoms, suggesting that the sociability-based fitness can be applied to clinical treatment by sustaining the motivation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Arii
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ai Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaru Mabuchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokushima National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Arisa Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nichika Sumitomo
- Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kuroda Maki
- Department of Clinical Research, Tokushima National Hospital National Hospital Organization, Tokushima, Japan
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10
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Fernández-Abascal B, Suárez-Pinilla P, Cobo-Corrales C, Crespo-Facorro B, Suárez-Pinilla M. In- and outpatient lifestyle interventions on diet and exercise and their effect on physical and psychological health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and first episode of psychosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:535-568. [PMID: 33503476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with non-affective psychosis often lead unhealthy lifestyles. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on non-pharmacological RCTs for improvement of diet and physical activity in non-affective psychosis patients, including first-episode psychosis. A variety of outcomes was analysed, including metabolic, psychopathology, cognitive, functional and quality of life outcomes. Fifty-nine studies were included. An improvement in anthropometric measurements (BMI, weight, waist circumference) was observed post-intervention, persisting after follow-up. Post-intervention benefit was found also for psychotic symptoms severity (also persisting after follow-up), many cognitive domains and physical and global functioning and quality of life. Conversely, no effect was observed in relation to most blood metabolites, blood pressure and non-psychotic psychopathology and spontaneous physical activity. Improvement was generally larger for interventions including exercise, especially moderate/vigorous aerobic exercise, but follow-up maintenance was greater for psychotherapy interventions. Sensitivity analyses limited to chronic stages of psychosis and low risk of bias studies produced comparable results. Further studies are needed to design optimized interventions in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Fernández-Abascal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, 39011, Spain.
| | - Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, 39011, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío - IBiS, Sevilla, 41013, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, WC1N 3AX, UK.
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Karaman İGY, Kasal Mİ, İngeç C, Yastibaş C, Gülyüksel F, Güleç M. Effect of Adjunct Psychosocial Skills Training on Social Functioning of Schizophrenia Patients Who Get Occupational Therapy in a Community Mental Health Center: A Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 57:248-253. [PMID: 32952429 DOI: 10.29399/npa.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antipsychotic drugs are effective in relieving symptoms in the treatment of schizophrenia, but decreased social functioning is resistant to drugs. In this study, the effect of adjunct Psychosocial Skills Training (PSST) on social functioning for schizophrenia patients who receive service in the community mental health center (CMHC) was investigated. Method Schizophrenia patients who received routine case management and occupational therapy in CMHC (n=22), patients receiving PSST in addition to CMHC service (n=21) and patients who were followed up in the Psychotic Disorders Outpatient Clinic as control group (n=21), three groups were formed. In the initial evaluations of the participants, the sociodemographic data form was filled. Social functioning and severity of clinical symptoms were evaluated at the beginning and at end of three-month follow-up period with the Social Functionality Scale (SFS), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results At the end of the follow-up period, there was a significant decrease in PANSS total scores, a significant increase in PSP and SFS total scores in the last test evaluations of the study groups. There was not any statistically significant change in the control group. The decrease in PANSS total score in PSST group is significantly higher than CMHC group. There was no significant difference between PSP and SFS scores between intervention groups. Conclusion The psychiatric rehabilitation in CMHC has a positive effect on the social functioning and clinical symptoms of schizophrenic patients. Adjunct PSST to routine service seems to help relieving clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meltem İzcı Kasal
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cem İngeç
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cennet Yastibaş
- Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Psychology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Gülyüksel
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güleç
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, İzmir, Turkey
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Moreno-Calvete MC, Ruiz-Ibañez I, Uriarte-Uriarte JJ. Scoping review protocol on non-pharmacological interventions for interpersonal and self-directed violence in adults with severe mental illness. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037006. [PMID: 32928853 PMCID: PMC7488835 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence committed by people with mental illness has implications for mental health policy and clinical practice. Several strategies to reduce the risk of aggressive and violent behaviour have been proposed, and these include non-pharmacological interventions. There is, however, a need to identify which of these interventions are effective, and as a first step, we will conduct a scoping review to identify non-pharmacological interventions for self-directed or interpersonal violence in adults with severe mental illness across different conditions and settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a scoping review protocol. The review will include any randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs that assess the efficacy of interventions on self-directed or interpersonal violence with no restrictions on the control treatment in people with severe mental illness in any setting. No restrictions will be applied in terms of language or date of publication. To identify studies, a search will be performed in the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Epistemonikos and databases of clinical trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement will be followed for reporting the findings, including the use of a PRISMA flow diagram. A standardised form will be used to extract data from studies. The findings will be classified using conceptual categories that will be specified in detail and a descriptive summary of the main results will be created. Moreover, it will be assessed whether the studies identified have been included in systematic reviews or meta-analyses and the results will be used to generate a conceptual map. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No patients or other participants will be involved in this study. We will prepare a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and the results will be presented at mental health conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Ruiz-Ibañez
- Basque Health Service, Bizkaia Mental Health Network, Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Team, Buenavista Health Centre, Portugalete, Biscay, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Uriarte-Uriarte
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Basque Health Service, Bizkaia Mental Health Network, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
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Wei GX, Yang L, Imm K, Loprinzi PD, Smith L, Zhang X, Yu Q. Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32922321 PMCID: PMC7457019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body exercises (MBEs) have been widely accepted as a complementary therapy for the patients with low exercise tolerance. Currently, the number of experimental studies investigating the effect of MBEs for improving symptoms in people with schizophrenia is increasing. However, results are inconsistent. METHODS We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of mind-body exercises on schizophrenia. Seven electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], CNKI and Wangfang) were screened through October 2019 and risks of bias of included studies were assessed in Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Meta-analysis on 13 studies with 1,159 patients showed moderately significant effects in favor of mind-body exercise intervention to improve positive symptoms (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.60; p = 0.04), negative symptoms (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.60; p = 0.002), and depression (SMD = 0.88; 95% CI 0.63 to 1.13; p<0.00001). Meta-regression analysis revealed that the improvement in positive symptoms was positively associated with the frequency of intervention (p = 0.04), while a marginally significant correlation was observed between the improved negative symptoms and duration of each session (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports the therapeutic effects of MBEs to aid in the treatment of schizophrenia. Further studies need to incorporate rigorous design and large sample size to identify the optimal type and dose of mind-body exercise to inform clinical practices on MBEs' recommendations for the management of schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kellie Imm
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul D. Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Center for Lifestyle and Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Sabe M, Sentissi O, Kaiser S. Meditation-based mind-body therapies for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:15-25. [PMID: 31378557 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Meditation-based mind-body therapies (yoga, tai-chi, qi-gong, mindfulness) have been suggested to have a potential therapeutic effect on negative symptoms. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining effectiveness of yoga, tai-chi, qi-gong and mindfulness on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, using different databases and trial registries. The primary outcome was effect of mind-body therapies on negative symptoms and the secondary outcome was effect on positive symptoms. Fifteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis (N = 1081 patients). Overall, we found a beneficial effect of mind-body interventions on negative symptoms at endpoint compared to treatment-as-usual or non-specific control interventions, but the effect was small and moderate to high heterogeneity was present. A subgroup analysis for different types of therapy revealed a significant effect of mindfulness-based and yoga interventions on negative symptoms, but heterogeneity within the yoga subgroup was high. Our results did not show an increase of positive symptoms (N = 1051). Our results suggest a potential for meditation-based mind-body therapies in the treatment of negative symptoms, in particular for mindfulness based approaches and to a lesser extent yoga. Limitations in the available comparisons do not allow concluding on a specific effect of these interventions. Overall, the currently available evidence remains limited and does not yet allow one to recommend mind-body therapies for the reduction of negative symptoms. However, the present findings justify further research on mind-body therapies for the treatment of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Sabe
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland.
| | - Othman Sentissi
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, CH-1226 Thonex, Switzerland.
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15
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Vogel JS, van der Gaag M, Slofstra C, Knegtering H, Bruins J, Castelein S. The effect of mind-body and aerobic exercise on negative symptoms in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:295-305. [PMID: 30879703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of different types of physical exercise (PE) on negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Mind-body exercise (MBE), aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance training (RT) will be investigated. METHOD The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched from their inception until April 26, 2018. Randomized controlled trials comparing PE with any control group in patients with schizophrenia were included when negative symptoms had been assessed. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. Moderator, sensitivity, and meta regression analyses were conducted to explore causes of heterogeneity and impact of study quality. RESULTS We included 22 studies (N = 1249). The overall methodological quality was poor. The meta-analysis (random effects model) showed a medium significant effect in favor of any PE intervention (Hedges' g = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.196-0.671) versus any control condition. MBE and AE respectively showed a medium significant effect (Hedges' g = 0.461) and a small significant effect (Hedges' g = 0.341) versus any control condition. The effect of RT could not be examined. The overall heterogeneity was high (I2 = 76%) and could not be reduced with moderator or sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that PE could be a promising intervention in the treatment of negative symptoms. However, the quality of the included studies was low and heterogeneity was high, which makes it impossible to make a clear recommendation. Therefore, results should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Sjoerd Vogel
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Hereweg 80, 9725 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, P.O. 30.0001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Mental Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychosis Research, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christien Slofstra
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Hereweg 80, 9725 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henderikus Knegtering
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Hereweg 80, 9725 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jojanneke Bruins
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Hereweg 80, 9725 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, P.O. 30.0001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stynke Castelein
- Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Hereweg 80, 9725 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, P.O. 30.0001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Cheng JF, Chen CY, Lin MC, Huang XY. To explore the efficacy of community rehabilitation for facilitating daily function among patients with mental illness. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:580-585. [PMID: 29667203 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the efficacy of community rehabilitation for facilitating daily function among patients with mental illness. DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used. Two hundred and sixty-four participants completed a daily living function scale questionnaire and provided disease-related information. FINDINGS Community rehabilitation was shown to be efficient in helping to stabilize mental illness and enhance daily function. Daily function had a significant and positive correlation with disease stability. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Community rehabilitation for patients with mental illness can effectively stabilize and prevent disability among those with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Fen Cheng
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ying Chen
- Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Bali District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Chu Lin
- Department of Nursing, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tsaotun Township, Nantou County Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Peitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Mindful exercise versus non-mindful exercise for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 32:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li J, Huang YG, Ran MS, Fan Y, Chen W, Evans-Lacko S, Thornicroft G. Community-based comprehensive intervention for people with schizophrenia in Guangzhou, China: Effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 34:21-30. [PMID: 29627721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive interventions including components of stigma and discrimination reduction in schizophrenia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. We developed a community-based comprehensive intervention to evaluate its effects on clinical symptoms, social functioning, internalized stigma and discrimination among patients with schizophrenia. A randomized controlled trial including an intervention group (n = 169) and a control group (n = 158) was performed. The intervention group received comprehensive intervention (strategies against stigma and discrimination, psycho-education, social skills training and cognitive behavioral therapy) and the control group received face to face interview. Both lasted for nine months. Participants were measured at baseline, 6 months and 9 months using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI), Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and PANSS negative scale (PANSS-N). Insight and medication compliance were evaluated by senior psychiatrists. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Linear Mixed Models were used to show intervention effectiveness on scales. General Linear Mixed Models with multinomial logistic link function were used to assess the effectiveness on medication compliance and insight. We found a significant reduction on anticipated discrimination, BPRS and PANSS-N total scores, and an elevation on overcoming stigma and GAF in the intervention group after 9 months. These suggested the intervention may be effective in reducing anticipated discrimination, increasing skills overcoming stigma as well as improving clinical symptoms and social functioning in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan-Guang Huang
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Yu Fan
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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