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Cantarelli L, Gutiérrez Valencia M, Leache Alegria L, Sainz Fernandez LC, Erviti Lopez J, Gutiérrez Nicolas F, Nazco Casariego GJ. Long-term effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 163:1-7. [PMID: 38616432 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence on the long-term use of tolvaptan in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is limited. The aim was to evaluate the tolvaptan effectiveness and safety in real clinical setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single-center observational study (2016-2022) involving ADPKD patients treated with tolvaptan was conducted. Annual change in serum creatinine (sCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after treatment initiation were evaluated. Change in total kidney volume (TKV), blood pressure (BP) and urinary albuminuria at 12, 24 and 36 months after initiation were also determined. Adverse events (AEs) according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 22 patients were included. No significant differences pre- vs post tolvaptan treatment in annual rate of change in eGFR (-3.52ml/min/1.73m2 [-4.98%] vs -3.98ml/min/1.73m2 [-8.48%], p=0.121) and sCr (+0.06mg/dL [4.22%] vs +0.15mg/dL [7.77%], p=0.429) were observed. Tolvaptan improved urinary osmolality at 12 (p=0.019) and 24 months (p=0.008), but not at 36 months (p=0.11). There were no changes in TKV, BP control and urinary albuminuria at 12, 24 or 36 months. A worse response was shown in patients with rapid kidney function decline (p=0.042). A 36.4% of the patients developed grade III/IV AEs. A 22.7% discontinued treatment due to unacceptable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a modest benefit of tolvaptan in ADPKD patients, as well as safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cantarelli
- Servicio de Farmacia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Marta Gutiérrez Valencia
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Leache Alegria
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Erviti Lopez
- Sección de Innovación y Organización, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
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Akbari A, McIntyre CW. Recent Advances in Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Future Role in Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4381. [PMID: 37445416 PMCID: PMC10342976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium imbalance is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Excess tissue sodium in CKD is associated with hypertension, inflammation, and cardiorenal disease. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) has been increasingly utilized in CKD clinical trials especially in the past few years. These studies have demonstrated the association of excess sodium tissue accumulation with declining renal function across whole CKD spectrum (early- to end-stage), biomarkers of systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular dysfunction. In this article, we review recent advances of 23Na MRI in CKD and discuss its future role with a focus on the skin, the heart, and the kidney itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Akbari
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinic Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Christopher W. McIntyre
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinic Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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3
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Masuda H, Shimizu N, Sekine K, Okato A, Hou K, Suyama T, Araki K, Kojima S, Naya Y. Efficacy and Safety of Tolvaptan for Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in Real-world Practice: A Single Institution Retrospective Study. In Vivo 2023; 37:801-805. [PMID: 36881088 PMCID: PMC10026627 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in real-world practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 27 patients who had been diagnosed with ADPKD between January 2014 and December 2022. Among them, 14 patients received tolvaptan (60 mg/day; morning: 45 mg, night: 15 mg) after being admitted for 2 days. In the outpatient clinic, blood and urine samples were taken monthly. RESULTS The mean age, pretreatment estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), treatment duration, and total kidney volume were 60 years, 45.6 ml/min/1.73 m2, 2.8 years, and 2,390 ml, respectively. One month later, the patients' renal dysfunction had worsened slightly, and their serum sodium concentrations had significantly increased. After one year, the mean reduction in the eGFR was -5.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 Moreover, at 3 years the patients' renal function was stable. No hepatic dysfunction or electrolyte abnormalities were noted, although discontinuation occurred in two cases. Tolvaptan treatment is considered to be safe. CONCLUSION Tolvaptan was effective against ADPKD in a real-world setting. Moreover, the safety of tolvaptan was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuda
- Department of Urology, Chiba Rousai Hospital, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiko Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Sekine
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okato
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyokusin Hou
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahito Suyama
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Araki
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Price ME, Fishler KP, Muff-Luett M, Mauch TJ, Brunelli L, Euteneuer JC. Variants in AQP11 may result in autosomal recessive bilateral cystic renal dysgenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:612-616. [PMID: 36420936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital renal cystic dysplasia is a rare disease that occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 children and is often discovered in the antenatal period by ultrasound. It is commonly associated with oligohydramnios in utero and/or renal insufficiency or failure in the postnatal period. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that serve as transport channels in the transfer of water or small solutes across cell membranes. They play a role in the development of renal cysts. Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) deficient mice develop polycystic kidney disease in utero due to disruption of polycystin-1. Here we describe a case of bilateral cystic kidney disease in a patient with novel compound heterozygous variants in AQP11: c.780G>T (p. Trp260Cys) and c.472C>T (p.Pro158Ser) (NM_173039.2) identified by whole genome sequencing. These findings suggest, for the first time, the potential role of AQP11 in congenital renal cystic dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Price
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kristen P Fishler
- Munroe-Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Melissa Muff-Luett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Teri J Mauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luca Brunelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua C Euteneuer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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5
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Lu J, Xu W, Gong L, Xu M, Tang W, Jiang W, Xie F, Ding L, Qian X. Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan versus placebo in the treatment of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:631-640. [PMID: 36069961 PMCID: PMC9958178 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and drug safety of tolvaptan with placebo for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to September 10, 2021. Eligible studies comparing tolvaptan and placebo in the treatment of patients with ADPKD were included. Data were analysed using Review Manager Version 5.3. RESULTS Thirteen studies involving 3575 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, tolvaptan had a better effect on delaying eGFR decline (MD 1.27, 95% CI 1.24-1.29, P < 0.01) and TKV increase (MD - 3.01, 95% CI - 3.55 to - 2.47, P < 0.01) in ADPKD treatment. Additionally, tolvaptan reduced the incidence of complications such as renal pain (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.87, P < 0.01), urinary tract infection (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.89, P < 0.01), haematuria (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.89, P < 0.01), and hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.82, P < 0.01). However, tolvaptan was associated with a higher incidence rate of adverse events such as thirst (OR 8.48 95% CI 4.53-15.87, P < 0.01), polyuria (OR 4.71, 95% CI 2.17-10.24, P < 0.01), and hepatic injury (OR 4.56, 95% CI 2.51-8.29, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Tolvaptan can delay eGFR decline and TKV increase and reduce complications such as renal pain, urinary tract infection, haematuria, and hypertension in the treatment of ADPKD. However, tolvaptan increases the adverse effects of thirst, polyuria and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkui Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lifeng Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Weigang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Fengyan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Liping Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaoli Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou city, 213000 Jiangsu Province China ,Department of Nephrology, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 2 Yongning Road, Changzhou City, 213000 Jiangsu Province China
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6
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Nadal Bosch J, Malcolm J, Moya M, Menowsky M, Dominici P. The Importance of Radiologic Imaging Modalities in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e31480. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Tunisia: From molecular genetics to the development of prognostic tools. Gene X 2022; 817:146174. [PMID: 35031424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of genetic kidney disease in Tunisia has been detected, and their study provides very important clinical and genetic information. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality associated with the kidneys in Tunisia. We present here clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort of Tunisian patients with ADPKD. Nineteen Tunisian patients with ADPKD, among 4 familial cases and 11 sporadic cases, and 50 Healthy individuals were included in this cohort. Genetic studies of PKD1/2 were carried on using Sanger sequencing and MLPA. In our study, the mean age at diagnosis was 47 ± 18 years. In addition, 84.21% of cases present a family history of ADPKD. Overall, 57.89% of the affected individuals had HTA and 26.31% patients had hematuria. 15.78 % of the patient has extra-renal cysts i.e. one patient with splenic cysts and two patients had liver cysts. 57.89 % of patients were diagnosed with various extra-renal clinical presentations i.e. myopia, hernia, deafness, intracranial aneurysm, respiratory distress, hyperthyroidism, urinary tract infection and lower back pains. The PKD1 genotype showed earlier onset of ESRD compared to PKD2 genotype (43 vs. 55 years old). Six mutations have been detected in PKD1 gene. Among them, three were novels e.g. c.688 T>G, p.C230G and c.690C>G, p.C230W among exon 5 and c.8522A>G, p.N2841S among exon 23. In addition, thirteen single nucleotides polymorphisms have been reported in PKD1 gene. Among them, eleven previously reported in heterozygous state and two novel single nucleotides polymorphisms in heterozygous and homozygous state and predicted to be probable polymorphisms by computational tools: c.496C>T, p.L166= among the exon 4, and c.10165G>C and p.E3389Gln among the exon 31. Only three single nucleotides polymorphisms previously reported in ADPKD database have been identified in PKD2 gene. The description and analysis of our cohort can help in rapid and reliable diagnosis for early management of patients in Tunisia. Indeed, predictive genetic testing can facilitate donor evaluation and increase living related kidney transplantation.
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Keith KA, Reed LK, Nguyen A, Qaiser R. Neurovascular Syndromes. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2021; 33:135-148. [PMID: 34801137 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cerebrovascular syndromes are at risk for additional concerns associated with their syndrome. A wide variety of syndromes are associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Multidisciplinary care is helpful to ensure comprehensive evaluation and management. Precise diagnosis and appreciation for the underlying syndrome is critical for effective cerebrovascular and broader care. This text focuses on these conditions with a focus on underlying pathophysiology and associated genetics, presentation, diagnosis, and management of each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Keith
- Baylor Scott & White Health/Texas A&M Neurosurgery Department, 2401 South 31st Street, MS-01-610A, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Laura K Reed
- Baylor Scott & White Health/Texas A&M Neurosurgery Department, 2401 South 31st Street, MS-01-610A, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Baylor Scott & White Health/Texas A&M Neurosurgery Department, 2401 South 31st Street, MS-01-610A, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Rabia Qaiser
- Baylor Scott & White Health/Texas A&M Neurosurgery Department, 2401 South 31st Street, MS-01-610A, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
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9
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Mochizuki T, Muto S, Miyake M, Tanaka T, Wang W. Safety and efficacy of Tolvaptan in real-world patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease- interim results of SLOW-PKD surveillance. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:1231-1239. [PMID: 34228250 PMCID: PMC8460520 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolvaptan is a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist and has been used to treat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) since 2014. There has been limited real-world data on the safety and efficacy of tolvaptan. METHODS This post-marketing surveillance was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and the efficacy of tolvaptan in Japanese patients with ADPKD in real-world clinical settings. The baseline characteristics of 1630 patients treated with tolvaptan are reported. Safety analysis comprises evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The efficacy evaluation includes percent change in total kidney volume (TKV) and change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after tolvaptan treatment. RESULTS Mean age was 49.7 ± 11.2 years and 843 (51.7%) patients were male. Baseline TKV was 2158 ± 1346 mL and eGFR was 44.4 ± 21.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. The majority of CKD patients were stage G3b (27.0%) and G4 (30.1%). Frequently reported ADRs were hepatic function abnormal (8.3%), thirst (8.2%), and hyperuricaemia (6.9%). The frequency of ALT elevation (> 30 and > 90 IU/L) was slightly high (32.9 and 8.3%) to previous studies. After tolvaptan treatment, the annual rate of percentage change in TKV reduced from 11.68%/year to 2.73%/year (P < 0.0001). Similar results were also obtained for the effect on change in eGFR from - 3.31 to - 2.28 mL/min/1.73 m2/year after initiation of tolvaptan treatment (P = 0.0403). CONCLUSION There were no major problems with safety of tolvaptan treatment and comparable efficacy for TKV and eGFR was observed in relation to the previous pivotal two randomized control trials in this post-marketing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Mochizuki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Muto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masateru Miyake
- Department of Pharmacovigilance, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-2-27 Otedori, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0021, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-2-27 Otedori, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0021, Japan
| | - Wenchyi Wang
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
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10
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Zhang B, Liu L. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in the therapy of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:378. [PMID: 33777202 PMCID: PMC7988732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The limitations of colorectal cancer treatment include various types of multidrug resistance and the contingent damage to neighboring normal cells caused by chemotherapy. Macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis are essential mechanisms involved in cancer cell regulation of chemotherapy. Autophagy can either cause cancer cell death or promote tumor survival during colorectal cancer. Given that autophagy is involved in chemotherapy of colorectal cancer, an improved insight into the potential interactions between apoptosis and autophagy is crucial. The present review aimed to summarize the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of colorectal cancer and its association with chemotherapy. Furthermore, the role of natural product extraction, novel chemicals and small molecules, as well as radiation, which induce autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, were reviewed. Finally, the present review aimed to provide an outlook for the regulation of autophagy as a novel approach to the treatment of cancer, particularly chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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11
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Cansever HN, Sari F, Cevikol C, Cetinkaya R, Süleymanlar G, Ersoy F. Serum uromodulin levels, MR imaging findings, and their relationship with eGFR-based CKD staging in ADPKD patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1383-1389. [PMID: 33389516 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease that may progress to end-stage renal disease, characterized by increased kidney volume due to cystic formations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum uromodulin levels, total kidney volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with ADPKD. METHODS This study included a total of 54 ADPKD patients and 18 healthy volunteers (control group). Total kidney volumes were calculated through magnetic resonance images using ellipsoid method. Serum uromodulin measurements were measured using an ELISA method. RESULTS Serum uromodulin levels were lower in patients compared with the control group (2.47 ± 0.16 vs 2.6 ± 0.28, p = 0.021). There was no significant difference in uromodulin values among the patients in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-2, 3 and 4-5. TKV measurements of CKD stage 4-5 patients were significantly higher than the stage 1-2 patients (p = 0.015). A negative correlation was observed between TKV and eGFR (r = - 0.433, p = 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between uromodulin and eGFR (r = 0.274, p = 0.02). When the serum levels of uromodulin and the level of eGFR were evaluated using simple linear regression analysis, R2 value was found to be 0.075, suggesting that 7.5% change in serum uromodulin values corresponds with the change in eGFR value. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with previous studies that reported that serum uromodulin may be a good biomarker for demonstrating renal function in the early stages of CKD, before eGFR levels deteriorate. Serum uromodulin level may be useful in demonstrating renal functions in the follow-up of individuals with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Nur Cansever
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Funda Sari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Can Cevikol
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Cetinkaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Süleymanlar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Ersoy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Akdeniz University Hospital, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Konyaaltı, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
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12
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Gagnon-Sanschagrin P, Liang Y, Sanon M, Oberdhan D, Guérin A, Cloutier M. Excess healthcare costs in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by renal dysfunction stage. J Med Econ 2021; 24:193-201. [PMID: 33464936 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2021.1877146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To build upon previous outdated studies by comprehensively assessing the direct healthcare burden of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ≥2 diagnoses for ADPKD (ADPKD cohort) were identified in the US fee-for-use IBM Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and IBM Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases (01 January 2015-31 December 2017) and matched (1:3) to controls without ADPKD (non-ADPKD cohort). The index date was the last calendar date followed by 12 months continuous enrollment (study period). Patients with ADPKD were stratified into one of seven mutually exclusive groups based on chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages (I-V), end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy (ESRD-RRT), and unknown stage. RESULTS During the 12-month study period, patients with ADPKD incurred significantly higher total healthcare costs than those without ADPKD (mean cost difference = $22,879 per patient per year [PPPY]; p < .001). Besides CKD stages I and II, total healthcare cost differences increased as patients progressed beyond CKD stage III, with the greatest difference observed among patients with ESRD-RRT. Total healthcare cost differences between cohorts were more pronounced in subgroups of patients with hypertension ($29,347) and with high risk of rapid progression ($39,976). Similar results were observed in the Medicare Supplemental population, with a total mean cost difference of $42,694 PPPY (p < .001); cost difference was also higher in the hypertension ($46,461 PPPY) and high risk of rapid progression ($45,708 PPPY) subgroups. LIMITATIONS Results may not be representative of the overall ADPKD US population; CKD stage was based on diagnosis and procedure codes; criteria used to identify ADPKD at risk of rapid progression did not rely on laboratory values; there may be billing inaccuracies and omissions in health insurance claims data. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the substantial healthcare costs associated with ADPKD, which increased as patients progressed through more severe CKD stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myrlene Sanon
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dorothee Oberdhan
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
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Monaghan MLT, Bailey MA, Unwin RJ. Purinergic signalling in the kidney: In physiology and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114389. [PMID: 33359067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the control of renal vascular and tubular function has, for the most part, concentrated on neural and endocrine regulation. However, in addition to these extrinsic factors, it is now appreciated that several complex humoral control systems exist within the kidney that can act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. These paracrine systems complement neuroendocrine regulation by dynamically fine-tuning renal vascular and tubular function to buffer rapid changes in nephron perfusion and flow rate of tubular fluid. One of the most pervasive is the extracellular nucleotide/P2 receptor system, which is central to many of the intrinsic regulatory feedback loops within the kidney such as renal haemodynamic autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Although physiological actions of extracellular adenine nucleotides were reported almost 100 years ago, the conceptual framework for purinergic regulation of renal function owes much to the work of Geoffrey Burnstock. In this review, we reflect on our >20-year collaboration with Professor Burnstock and highlight the research that is still unlocking the potential of the renal purinergic system to understand and treat kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise T Monaghan
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Unwin
- The Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine: a master switch in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:509-524. [PMID: 32641760 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the activation of P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively. Extracellular purines can modulate immune responses, balancing inflammatory processes and immunosuppression; indeed, alterations in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine signalling determine outcomes of inflammation and healing processes. The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation. Protracted inflammation may result in aberrant adenosinergic signalling, which serves to sustain inflammasome activation and worsen fibrotic reactions. Alterations in the expression of ectonucleotidases on various immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and macrophages, as well as components of the renal vasculature, control purinergic receptor-mediated effects on target tissues within the kidney. The role of CD39 as a rheostat that can have an impact on purinergic signalling in both acute and chronic inflammation is increasingly supported by the literature, as detailed in this Review. Better understanding of these purinergic processes and development of novel drugs targeting these pathways could lead to effective therapies for the management of acute and chronic kidney disease.
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15
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate rat anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis through mediating pyruvate dehydrogenase. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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Liu D, Huo Y, Chen S, Xu D, Yang B, Xue C, Fu L, Bu L, Song S, Mei C. Identification of Key Genes and Candidated Pathways in Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by Bioinformatics Analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:533-552. [DOI: 10.1159/000500458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic form of kidney disease. High-throughput microarray analysis has been applied for elucidating key genes and pathways associated with ADPKD. Most genetic profiling data from ADPKD patients have been uploaded to public databases but not thoroughly analyzed. This study integrated 2 human microarray profile datasets to elucidate the potential pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in ADPKD via bioinformatics analysis in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. Methods: The kidney tissue microarray data of ADPKD patients and normal individuals were searched and obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and enriched pathways and central node genes were elucidated using related websites and software according to bioinformatics analysis protocols. Seven DEGs were validated between polycystic kidney disease and control kidney samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two original human microarray datasets, GSE7869 and GSE35831, were integrated and thoroughly analyzed. In total, 6,422 and 1,152 DEGs were extracted from GSE7869 and GSE35831, respectively, and of these, 561 DEGs were consistent between the databases (291 upregulated genes and 270 downregulated genes). From 421 nodes, 34 central node genes were obtained from a PPI network complex of DEGs. Two significant modules were selected from the PPI network complex by using Cytotype MCODE. Most of the identified genes are involved in protein binding, extracellular region or space, platelet degranulation, mitochondrion, and metabolic pathways. Conclusions: The DEGs and related enriched pathways in ADPKD identified through this integrated bioinformatics analysis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of ADPKD and potential therapeutic strategies. Specifically, abnormal decorin expression in different stages of ADPKD may represent a new therapeutic target in ADPKD, and regulation of metabolism and mitochondrial function in ADPKD may become a focus of future research.
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Luan Y, Luan Y, Zhao Y, Xiong F, Li Y, Liu L, Cao Y, Dai F. Isorhamnetin in Tsoong blocks Hsp70 expression to promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1011-1022. [PMID: 31303834 PMCID: PMC6601362 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots of Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex diels (cbFed), locally known as Tsoong, have been used as a tonic food. Tsoong has wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer efficacy. In the present study, the anticancer activity of Tsoong and its potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. Isorhamnetin, a flavonol aglycone, is important compound and metabolite in Tsoong. It can promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells through up-regulating apoptosis-related genes (Apaf1, Casp3 and Casp9) because it blocks Hsp70 genes (Hspa1a, Hspa1b and Hspa8). These were verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell were used to assess the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-promoting activities of Tsoong. In vivo, the antitumor effect of Tsoong was assessed in colon cancer-bearing nude mice as a xenograft model. These results show that Isorhamnetin is very critical in Tsoong because Tsoong can down-regulate Hsp70 genes and promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inhibiting Hsp70 largely due to the efficacy of Isorhamnetin. Our results may ultimately help in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Luan
- Soil System, Department of Geography and Ecology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Luan
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, PR China
| | - Youjie Zhao
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Fei Dai
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
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18
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Ietto G, Raveglia V, Zani E, Iovino D, Parise C, Soldini G, Delfrate NW, Latham L, Saredi G, Benedetti F, Tozzi M, Carcano G. Pretransplant Nephrectomy for Large Polycystic Kidneys in ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease) Patients: Is Peritoneal Dialysis Recovery Possible after Surgery? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7343182. [PMID: 31019972 PMCID: PMC6452549 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7343182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The choice of modality for renal replacement therapy in patients with ADPKD varies, often based on patient choice, physician-related factors, and resource availability. For a long time peritoneal dialysis (PD) was considered as relative contraindication due to the possible limited intraperitoneal space. In recent years, some studies suggested it is a valid option also in patients with ADPKD to be considered as a first line treatment in potentially fit patients. Diuresis volume lowering and potential permanent damage of peritoneal integrity, both leading to a necessary switch to haemodialysis, are the two most important dangers after nephrectomy, especially if bilateral, in PD patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of patient underwent native polycystic kidney nephrectomy in order to state the possibility to recover peritoneal dialysis after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Veronica Raveglia
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elia Zani
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Iovino
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristiano Parise
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Soldini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicholas Walter Delfrate
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Latham
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Saredi
- Urology Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Tozzi
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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19
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Cao Y, Dai F, Li Y, Jia L, Luan Y, Zhao Y. The research on the mechanism of Tsoong inhibiting for colon cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:605-613. [PMID: 30899179 PMCID: PMC6408721 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots of Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex diels (cbFed), locally known as Tsoong, have been used as a tonic food. Tsoong has wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. In the present study, the anticancer activity of Tsoong and its potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. Using high throughput sequencing the apoptotic pathway was ranked as one of the most important pathways and the differential expressions of apoptosis-related genes such as Casp3, Casp6 and Apaf1 were identified. The following experiments were qRT-PCR which were used to verify the genes. In vitro, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell were used to assess the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-promoting activities of Tsoong. In vivo, the antitumor effect of Tsoong was assessed in colon cancer-bearing nude mice as a xenograft model. H&E staining was performed with oxaliplatin set as a positive control. The results showed that Tsoong up-regulated apoptosis-related genes, inhibited tumor cell proliferation, promoted tumor cellapoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and restrained the growth of colon neoplasm. The effects of a high dose of Tsoong on colon cancer cells were similar to those of oxaliplatin. Our results may ultimately help in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control this devastating disease. Therefore, Tsoong may be a promising Chinese herbal compound for development for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Fei Dai
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
| | - Lu Jia
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Luan
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University 650224, PR China
| | - Youjie Zhao
- Research Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR China
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Suwa Y, Higo S, Nakamoto K, Sera F, Kunimatsu S, Masumura Y, Kanzaki M, Mizote I, Mizuno H, Fujio Y, Hikoso S, Sakata Y. Old-Age Onset Progressive Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction in a Patient with Polycystic Kidney Disease Harboring a PKD1 Frameshift Mutation. Int Heart J 2019; 60:220-225. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Suwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kei Nakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fusako Sera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kunimatsu
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Masumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Machiko Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isamu Mizote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroya Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Abstract
The liver and kidneys are often similarly affected by a single disease. This is the case in metabolic, immunological, toxic, and infectious diseases, and in the different congenital malformation syndromes. Also, an enzymatic defect in an otherwise healthy liver or the consequences of advanced liver disease by itself can cause kidney disease as a secondary phenomenon. In this review, we describe numerous pathogenic mechanisms leading to dysfunction or malformations of the liver and kidneys in children. We encourage multidisciplinary management for optimal care. A combined liver-kidney transplantation is sometimes needed.
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Luan Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Zheng S, Mao D, Chen Z, Cao Y. Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex Diels inhibits autophagy and induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1305-1314. [PMID: 29286074 PMCID: PMC5819931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its favorable clinical efficacy, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy frequently results in treatment withdrawal and induces liver damage in colon cancer. Therefore, it is important to develop novel drugs, which can safely and effectively complement or replace the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex Diels (cbFeD) has wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer effects. In the present study, the anticancer activity of cbFeD and its potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. In vitro, cell counting kit-8 assays and flow cytometry were used to assess the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-promoting activities of cbFeD. Transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor the autophagic vesicles. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the nuclear translocation of p65 and the fluorescence of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) B-II. The protein expression levels of p65, inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (IκB) a, LC3B-I, LC3B-II and Beclin-1 were detected using western blot analysis. In vivo, the antitumor effect of cbFeD was assessed in colon cancer-bearing nude mice as a model. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed, with oxaliplatin set as a positive control. The results showed that cbFeD inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of a high dose of cbFeD on colon cancer cells were similar to those of oxaliplatin. In HCT116 and SW480 cells, cbFeD inhibited the expression of IκBα, LC3B-I/II and Beclin-1, and the results of western blot analysis and immunofluorescence showed that, in the cells treated with cbFeD, p65 gradually entered nuclei in a dose-dependent manner, and the expression of LC3B-II was gradually reduced. The results of the acridine orangestaining and electron microscopy demonstrated fewer autophagic vesicles in the high-dose cbFeD group and the oxaliplatin group. The high dose of cbFeD reversed the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a p65-inhibitor, on the expression of p65, LC3B-I, LC3B-II and Beclin-1, and on the production of autophagic vacuoles. The high dose of cbFeD and oxaliplatin also suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. The results of the H&E and IHC staining confirmed the inhibition of autophagy (LC3 and Beclin-1) and activation of p65 by treatment with the high dose of cbFeD and oxaliplatin. Taken together, cbFeD exhibited an antitumor effect in colon cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy through activation of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, cbFeD may be a promising Chinese herbal compound for development for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luan
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Shuangqing Zheng
- Kunming Pharmaceutical Corp., Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Dechang Mao
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Zhuxue Chen
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 652400, P.R. China
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