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Zhou L, Yang W, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao M, Liu G, Zhang J. Correlations between cognitive reserve, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volume in healthy elders and mild cognitive impairment patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1355546. [PMID: 38497043 PMCID: PMC10941649 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1355546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on brain volume and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy elders (HE). Methods 31 HE and 50 MCI patients were collected in this study to obtain structural MRI, cognitive function, and composite CR scores. Educational attainment, leisure time, and working activity ratings from two groups were used to generate cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) scores. The different volumes of brain regions and CSF were obtained using uAI research portal in both groups, which were taken as the regions of interest (ROI), the correlation analysis between ROIs and CRIq scores were conducted. Results The scores of CRIq, CRIq-leisure time, and CRIq-education in HE group were significantly higher than patients in MCI group, and the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and minimum mental state examination (MMSE) scores were positively correlated with the CRIq, CRIq-education in both groups, and were positively correlated with CRIq-leisure time in MCI group. The scores of auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were also positively correlated with CRIq, CRIq-leisure time, and CRIq-education in MCI group, but the score of AVLT was only positively correlated with CRIq in HE group. Moreover, in MCI group, the volume of the right middle cingulate cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with the CRIq, and the volume of CSF, peripheral CSF, and third ventricle were positively correlated with the CRIq-leisure time score. The result of mediation analysis suggested that right parahippocampal gryus mediated the main effect of the relationship between CRIq and MoCA score in MCI group. Conclusion People with higher CR show better levels of cognitive function, and MCI patients with higher CR showed more severe volume atrophy of the right middle cingulate cortex and the right parahippocampal gyrus, but more CSF at a given level of global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Jauregi Zinkunegi A, Bruno D, Betthauser TJ, Koscik RL, Asthana S, Chin NA, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. A comparison of story-recall metrics to predict hippocampal volume in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:453-470. [PMID: 37349970 PMCID: PMC10739621 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2223389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Process-based scores of episodic memory tests, such as the recency ratio (Rr), have been found to compare favourably to, or to be better than, most conventional or "traditional" scores employed to estimate memory ability in older individuals (Bock et al., 2021; Bruno et al., 2019). We explored the relationship between process-based scores and hippocampal volume in older adults, while comparing process-based to traditional story recall-derived scores, to examine potential differences in their predictive abilities. Methods: We analysed data from 355 participants extracted from the WRAP and WADRC databases, who were classified as cognitively unimpaired, or exhibited mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Story Recall was measured with the Logical Memory Test (LMT) from the Weschler Memory Scale Revised, collected within twelve months of the magnetic resonance imaging scan. Linear regression analyses were conducted with left or right hippocampal volume (HV) as outcomes separately, and with Rr, Total ratio, Immediate LMT, or Delayed LMT scores as predictors, along with covariates. Results: Higher Rr and Tr scores significantly predicted lower left and right HV, while Tr showed the best model fit of all, as indicated by AIC. Traditional scores, Immediate LMT and Delayed LMT, were significantly associated with left and right HV, but were outperformed by both process-based scores for left HV, and by Tr for right HV. Conclusions: Current findings show the direct relationship between hippocampal volume and all the LMT scores examined here, and that process-based scores outperform traditional scores as markers of hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Tobey J. Betthauser
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P. Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Mueller
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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De La Garza R, Rodrigo H, Fernandez F, Roy U. The Increase of HIV-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Type 2 Diabetes in The Rio Grande Valley. Curr HIV Res 2021; 17:377-387. [PMID: 31663481 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191029162235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection remains a persistent predicament for the State of Texas, ranking seventh among the most documented HIV cases in the United States. In this regard, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas is considered as one of the least investigated areas of the state with respect to HIV infection and HIV associated comorbidities. Considering the 115% increase in average HIV incidence rates per 100,000 within the RGV from 2007-2015, it is worth characterizing this population with respect to their HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), and the association of treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Moreover, the increased rate of Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in the RGV population is intertwined with that of HIV-1 infection facing challenges due to the lack of knowledge about prevention to inadequate access to healthcare. Hence, the role of T2D in the development of HAND among the people living with HIV (PLWH) in the RGV will be reviewed to establish a closer link between T2D and HAND in cART-treated patients of the RGV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De La Garza
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
| | - Hansapani Rodrigo
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, United States
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, United States
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4
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Menardi A, Pascual-Leone A, Fried PJ, Santarnecchi E. The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging: A Multi-Modal Imaging Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1341-1362. [PMID: 30507572 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comforts in modern society have generally been associated with longer survival rates, enabling individuals to reach advanced age as never before in history. With the increase in longevity, however, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, has also doubled. Nevertheless, most of the observed variance, in terms of time of clinical diagnosis and progression, often remains striking. Only recently, differences in the social, educational and occupational background of the individual, as proxies of cognitive reserve (CR), have been hypothesized to play a role in accounting for such discrepancies. CR is a well-established concept in literature; lots of studies have been conducted in trying to better understand its underlying neural substrates and associated biomarkers, resulting in an incredible amount of data being produced. Here, we aimed to summarize recent relevant published work addressing the issue, gathering evidence for the existence of a common path across research efforts that might ease future investigations by providing a general perspective on the actual state of the arts. An innovative model is hereby proposed, addressing the role of CR across structural and functional evidences, as well as the potential implementation of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the causal validation of such theoretical frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menardi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Fried
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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James BD, Bennett DA. Causes and Patterns of Dementia: An Update in the Era of Redefining Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 40:65-84. [PMID: 30642228 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The burden of dementia continues to increase as the population ages, with no disease-modifying treatments available. However, dementia risk appears to be decreasing, and progress has been made in understanding its multifactorial etiology. The 2018 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) research framework for Alzheimer's disease (AD) defines AD as a biological process measured by brain pathology or biomarkers, spanning the cognitive spectrum from normality to dementia. This framework facilitates interventions in the asymptomatic space and accommodates knowledge that many additional pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular) contribute to the Alzheimer's dementia syndrome. The framework has implications for how we think about risk factors for "AD": Many commonly accepted risk factors are not related to AD pathology and would no longer be considered risk factors for AD. They may instead be related to other pathologies or resilience to pathology. This review updates what is known about causes, risk factors, and changing patterns of dementia, addressing whether they are related to AD pathology/biomarkers, other pathologies, or resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; .,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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6
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Cullati S, Kliegel M, Widmer E. Development of reserves over the life course and onset of vulnerability in later life. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:551-558. [PMID: 31209322 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This Review develops a theoretical framework for the development and onset of vulnerability in later life based on the concept of reserves. We stress the advantages of using the concept of reserves in interdisciplinary life-course studies, compared with related concepts such as resources and capital. We enrich the definition of vulnerability as a lack of reserves and a reduced capacity of an individual to restore reserves. Two dimensions of reserves, originating from lifespan psychology and gerontology, are of particular importance: their constitution and sustainability by behaviours and interaction with the environment (the 'use it or lose it' paradigm) and the presence of thresholds, below which functioning becomes highly challenging. This heuristic approach reveals the potential for a conceptualization of reserves and is exemplified in an empirical illustration. Further interdisciplinary research based on the concept is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cullati
- Swiss NCCR 'LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss NCCR 'LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Widmer
- Swiss NCCR 'LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives', University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Imaging. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Persson K, Eldholm RS, Barca ML, Cavallin L, Ferreira D, Knapskog AB, Selbæk G, Brækhus A, Saltvedt I, Westman E, Engedal K. MRI-assessed atrophy subtypes in Alzheimer's disease and the cognitive reserve hypothesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186595. [PMID: 29036183 PMCID: PMC5643102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS MRI assessment of the brain has demonstrated four different patterns of atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD): typical AD, limbic-predominant AD, hippocampal-sparing AD, and a subtype with minimal atrophy, previously referred to as no-atrophy AD. The aim of the present study was to identify and describe the differences between these four AD subtypes in a longitudinal memory-clinic study. METHODS The medial temporal lobes, the frontal regions, and the posterior regions were assessed with MRI visual rating scales to categorize 123 patients with mild AD according to ICD-10 and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and the clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) into atrophy subtypes. Demographic data, neuropsychological measures, cerebrospinal-fluid biomarkers, and progression rate of dementia at two-year follow-up were compared between the groups. RESULTS Typical AD was found in 59 patients (48%); 29 (24%) patients had limbic-predominant AD; 19 (15%) had hippocampal-sparing AD; and 16 (13%) belonged to the group with minimal atrophy. No differences were found regarding cognitive test results or progression rates between the different subtypes. Using adjusted logistic regression analysis, we found that the patients in the minimal-atrophy group were less educated, had a lower baseline CDR sum of boxes score, and had higher levels of amyloid β in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSION Previous results concerning the prevalence and the similar phenotypic expressions of the four AD subtypes were confirmed. The main finding was that patients with minimal atrophy as assessed by MRI had less education than the other AD subtypes and that this could support the cognitive reserve hypothesis and, at least in part, explain the lower degree of atrophy in this group. Patients with less formal education might present with clinically typical AD symptoms before they have positive biomarkers of AD and this finding might challenge suggested biomarker-based criteria for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Persson
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The memory clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rannveig Sakshaug Eldholm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Lage Barca
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Cavallin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The memory clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Brækhus
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The memory clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Hioka A, Mizobuchi Y, Tada Y, Nishi K, Shirayama Y, Katoh S, Akazawa N, Kaji R, Ojima Y, Nagahiro S. Usefulness of a novel higher brain dysfunction screening test for evaluating higher brain function in healthy persons. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 64:280-285. [PMID: 28954996 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.64.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To accurately and rapidly screen for higher brain dysfunction, we developed a screening test named the "higher brain dysfunction screening test" (HIBRID-ST). Previous studies have reported a decrease in higher brain function with age. However, whether HIBRID-ST can detect a decrease in higher brain function in healthy persons remains unclear. We aimed to assess the usefulness of HIBRID-ST for evaluating higher brain function in healthy persons. We recruited 60 persons without physiological abnormalities and divided them into six equal groups based on their age (20s-70s). HIBRID-ST addresses orientation, short-term memory, word recall, situational awareness, visual short-term memory, and graphic replication and includes the Trail Making and Kana-hiroi tests. There was a significant negative correlation between the participants' age and their total HIBRID-ST score (ρ = -0.68, p < 0.01). The total HIBRID-ST score of participants in their 70s was significantly lower than that of participants in their 20s-60s; the total HIBRID-ST score of participants in their 60s was significantly lower than that of participants in their 20s-50s. Our findings show that HIBRID-ST accurately detects an age-related decline in higher brain function. Further studies are needed to examine the usefulness of HIBRID-ST in patients with higher brain dysfunction. J. Med. Invest. 64: 280-285, August, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Hioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School.,Department of Physical Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Yoshifumi Mizobuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School.,Higher Brain Dysfunction Support Center
| | - Yoshiteru Tada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School
| | - Kyoko Nishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School
| | - Yasuhiko Shirayama
- Department of Community Medical Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School.,Higher Brain Dysfunction Support Center
| | - Shinsuke Katoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital.,Higher Brain Dysfunction Support Center
| | - Naoki Akazawa
- Department of Physical Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School.,Higher Brain Dysfunction Support Center
| | - Yutaka Ojima
- Department of Physical Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Shinji Nagahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School.,Higher Brain Dysfunction Support Center
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