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D'Abundo L, Bassi C, Callegari E, Moshiri F, Guerriero P, Michilli A, Mora F, Gardini AC, Sangiovanni A, Piscaglia F, Sabbioni S, Gramantieri L, Negrini M. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for stratifying different phases of liver cancer progression and response to therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18551. [PMID: 39122875 PMCID: PMC11315904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and is among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There is no reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis of HCC. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted attention as potential biomarkers of disease. By small-RNA next-generation sequencing, the analysis of serum miRNAs led to the identification of molecular signatures able to discriminate advanced HCC from early HCC (n = 246); advanced HCC from CIRRHOSIS (n = 299); advanced HCC from HEALTHY (n = 320); HEALTHY from early HCC (n = 343); and HEALTHY from CIRRHOSIS (n = 414). Cirrhotic patients and early HCC patients exhibited similar serum miRNA profiles, yet a small number of miRNAs (n = 57) were able to distinguish these two classes of patients. A second objective of the study was to identify serum miRNAs capable of predicting the response to therapy in patients with advanced HCC. All patients were treated with sorafenib as first-line therapy: 24 were nonresponsive and 24 responsive. Analysis of circulating miRNAs revealed a 54 miRNAs signature able to separate the two subgroups. This study suggested that circulating miRNAs could be useful biomarkers for monitoring patients with liver diseases ranging from cirrhosis to advanced HCC and possibly predicting susceptibility to first-line treatment based on sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla D'Abundo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate, Tecnopolo, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Callegari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Farzaneh Moshiri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelo Michilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Mora
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate, Tecnopolo, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate, Tecnopolo, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Shetti D, Mallela VR, Ye W, Sharif M, Ambrozkiewicz F, Trailin A, Liška V, Hemminki K. Emerging role of circulating cell-free RNA as a non-invasive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104391. [PMID: 38795877 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. HCC is often detected at advanced stages leading to ineffective curative treatments. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method to identify highly specific HCC biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and saliva. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), particularly cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA), have become promising candidates for biomarkers in liquid biopsy applications. While cfDNA presented significant challenges, researchers have turned their attention to cfRNA, which can be efficiently identified through various methods and is considered a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review primarily focuses on studies related to detecting various cfRNA in body fluids as biomarkers. The aim is to provide a summary of available information to assist researchers in their investigations and the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatrya Shetti
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Venkata Ramana Mallela
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mahyar Sharif
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University,Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Trailin
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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3
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Chen J, Liu K, Vadas MA, Gamble JR, McCaughan GW. The Role of the MiR-181 Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1289. [PMID: 39120319 PMCID: PMC11311592 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the high mortality rate in HCC patients, discovering and developing novel systemic treatment options for HCC is a vital unmet medical need. Among the numerous molecular alterations in HCCs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly recognised to play critical roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. We and others have recently revealed that members of the microRNA-181 (miR-181) family were up-regulated in some, though not all, human cirrhotic and HCC tissues-this up-regulation induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes and tumour cells, promoting HCC progression. MiR-181s play crucial roles in governing the fate and function of various cells, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and tumour cells. Previous reviews have extensively covered these aspects in detail. This review aims to give some insights into miR-181s, their targets and roles in modulating signal transduction pathways, factors regulating miR-181 expression and function, and their roles in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Vianello C, Monti E, Leoni I, Galvani G, Giovannini C, Piscaglia F, Stefanelli C, Gramantieri L, Fornari F. Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential Applications in Combined Therapeutic Strategies and Promising Candidates of Treatment Response. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:766. [PMID: 38398157 PMCID: PMC10886468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, and 40% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Over the past 5 years, the number of clinically available treatments has dramatically increased for HCC, making patient management particularly complex. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the overall survival of patients, showing a durable treatment benefit over time and a different response pattern with respect to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although there is improved survival in responder cases, a sizeable group of patients are primary progressors or are ineligible for immunotherapy. Indeed, patients with nonviral etiologies, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and alterations in specific driver genes might be less responsive to immunotherapy. Therefore, improving the comprehension of mechanisms of drug resistance and identifying biomarkers that are informative of the best treatment approach are required actions to improve patient survival. Abundant evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are pivotal players in cancer. Molecular mechanisms through which ncRNAs exert their effects in cancer progression and drug resistance have been widely investigated. Nevertheless, there are no studies summarizing the synergistic effect between ncRNA-based strategies and TKIs or ICIs in the preclinical setting. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the possible use of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets in association with molecular-targeted agents and immunotherapies and as predictive tools for the selection of optimized treatment options in advanced HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vianello
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research—CRBA, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (E.M.); (I.L.); (G.G.)
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Elisa Monti
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research—CRBA, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (E.M.); (I.L.); (G.G.)
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Leoni
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research—CRBA, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (E.M.); (I.L.); (G.G.)
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Galvani
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research—CRBA, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (E.M.); (I.L.); (G.G.)
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research—CRBA, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.V.); (E.M.); (I.L.); (G.G.)
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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5
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Song Z, Song X, Li H, Cheng Z, Mo Z, Yang X. Identification and validation of a prognostic-related mutant gene DNAH5 for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236995. [PMID: 38022557 PMCID: PMC10630911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Thus, there is a need for an effective biomarker to improve and predict the prognosis of HCC. Methods RNA sequencing data, simple nucleotide variation data, and clinical data of HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify mutant genes, simple nucleotide variation data, and clinical data of HCC patients from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) to validate the prognostic value of mutant genes were the data sources of the present study. To identify the overall survival (OS)-related mutant genes, a Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was conducted. We carried out univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the independent prognostic factors. We also conducted a correlation analysis of immune cells and mutant genes. To explore the molecular mechanisms of mutant genes, we conducted a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A nomogram was constructed to help predict the prognosis of HCC. In addition, we explored the expression profile of mutant genes in HCC based on a TCGA dataset, an ICGC dataset, and our own HCC tissue samples. Results We identified and validated a mutant gene, dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5), which was negatively related to the OS of HCC patients. Univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the mutant gene DNAH5 could act as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Most pathways of the mutant gene DNAH5 were involved in cancer development and progression based on GSEA analysis. The mutant gene DNAH5 was negatively correlated with monocytes, naive CD4 T cells, activated dendritic cells, and activated mast cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of DNAH5 had a significantly higher level of expression in the tissue samples of patients with HCC. A nomogram consisting of the pathological stage, DNAH5, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) performed well. Conclusion The mutant gene DNAH5 had a significantly higher level of expression in the tissue samples of patients with HCC, could act as an independent prognostic factor for HCC, and is a potential new immunotherapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Du F, Li M, Wu X, Chen Y, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu Z. Role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:108. [PMID: 37539738 PMCID: PMC10552769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can post‑transcriptionally suppress targeted genes. Dysregulated miRNAs are associated with a variety of diseases. MiR‑181a‑5p is a conserved miRNA with the ability to regulate pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammatory response and obesity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miR‑181a‑5p exerts regulatory influence on cancer development and progression, acting as an oncomiR or tumor inhibitor in various cancer types by impacting multiple hallmarks of tumor. Generally, miR‑181a‑5p binds to target RNA sequences with partial complementarity, resulting in suppression of the targeted genes of miR‑181a‑5p. However, the precise role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer remains incompletely understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on miR‑181a‑5p, focusing on its involvement in different types of cancer and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as its function in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Chandra VM, Wilkins LR, Brautigan DL. Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Local-Regional Intraarterial Therapies. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2022; 4:e210098. [PMID: 35838531 PMCID: PMC9358488 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.210098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animal models play a crucial role in developing and testing new therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), providing preclinical evidence prior to exploring human safety and efficacy outcomes. The interventional radiologist must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models available when testing a new local-regional therapy. This review highlights the currently available animal models for testing local-regional therapies for HCC and details the importance of considering animal genetics, tumor biology, and molecular mechanisms when ultimately choosing an animal model. Keywords: Animal Studies, Interventional-Vascular, Molecular Imaging-Clinical Translation, Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Chemoembolization, Liver © RSNA, 2022.
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Low miR-10b-3p associated with sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1806-1814. [PMID: 35236936 PMCID: PMC9174288 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib is one of the standard first-line therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, there are currently no appropriate biomarkers to predict the clinical efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied for their biological functions and clinical applications in human cancers. METHODS In this study, we found that miR-10b-3p expression was suppressed in sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines through miRNA microarray analysis. RESULTS Sorafenib-induced apoptosis in HCC cells was significantly enhanced by miR-10b-3p overexpression and partially abrogated by miR-10b-3p depletion. Among 45 patients who received sorafenib for advanced HCC, those with high miR-10b-3p levels, compared to those with low levels, exhibited significantly longer overall survival (OS) (median, 13.9 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.021), suggesting that high serum miR-10b-3p level in patients treated with sorafenib for advanced HCC serves as a biomarker for predicting sorafenib efficacy. Furthermore, we confirmed that cyclin E1, a known promoter of sorafenib resistance reported by our previous study, is the downstream target for miR-10b-3p in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study not only identified the molecular target for miR-10b-3p, but also provided evidence that circulating miR-10b-3p may be used as a biomarker for predicting sorafenib sensitivity in patients with HCC.
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Song S, Bai M, Li X, Gong S, Yang W, Lei C, Tian H, Si M, Hao X, Guo T. Early Predictive Value of Circulating Biomarkers for Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:361-378. [PMID: 35234564 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2049248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sorafenib is currently the first-line therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, many patients did not experience any benefit and suffered extreme adverse events and heavy economic burden. Thus, the early identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from sorafenib is needed. AREAS COVERED This review focused on the clinical application of circulating biomarkers (including conventional biomarkers, immune biomarkers, genetic biomarkers, and some novel biomarkers) in advanced HCC patients treated with sorafenib. An online search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted from the inception to Aug 15, 2021. Studies investigating the predictive or prognostic value of these biomarkers were included. EXPERT OPINION The distinction of patients who may benefit from sorafenib treatment is of utmost importance. The predictive roles of circulating biomarkers could solve this problem. Many biomarkers can be obtained by liquid biopsy, which is a less or non-invasive approach. The short half-life of sorafenib could reflect the dynamic changes of tumor progression and monitor the treatment response. Circulating biomarkers obtained from liquid biopsy resulted as a promising assessment method in HCC, allowing for better treatment decisions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caining Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, and Precision Medicine of Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Moubo Si
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, and Precision Medicine of Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, and Precision Medicine of Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, and Precision Medicine of Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Natu A, Singh A, Gupta S. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Understanding molecular mechanisms for defining potential clinical modalities. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1568-1583. [PMID: 34904030 PMCID: PMC8637668 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per year. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such as α-fetoprotein. These measures have limitations due to their detection limits and asymptomatic conditions during the early stages, resulting in late-stage cancer diagnosis where targeted chemotherapy or systemic treatment with sorafenib is offered. However, the aid of conventional therapy for patients in the advanced stage of HCC has limited outcomes. Thus, it is essential to seek a new treatment strategy and improve the diagnostic techniques to manage the disease. Researchers have used the omics profile of HCC patients for sub-classification of tissues into different groups, which has helped us with prognosis. Despite these efforts, a promising target for treatment has not been identified. The hurdle in this situation is genetic and epigenetic variations in the tumor, leading to disparities in response to treatment. Understanding reversible epigenetic changes along with clinical traits help to define new markers for patient categorization and design personalized therapy. Many clinical trials of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers (also known as epi-drugs) are in progress. Epi-drugs like azacytidine or belinostat are already approved for other cancer treatments. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have also been observed in drug-resistant HCC tumors. In such cases, combinatorial treatment of epi-drugs with systemic therapy or trans-arterial chemoembolization might re-sensitize resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Natu
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Wang Y, Zhou K, Wang X, Liu Y, Guo D, Bian Z, Su L, Liu K, Gu X, Guo X, Wang L, Zhang H, Tao K, Xing J. Multiple-level copy number variations in cell-free DNA for prognostic prediction of HCC with radical treatments. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4772-4784. [PMID: 34490703 PMCID: PMC8586684 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are emerging as noninvasive biomarkers for various cancers. However, multiple-level analysis of cfDNA CNVs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with radical treatments remains uninvestigated. Here, CNVs at genome-wide, chromosomal-arm, and bin levels were analyzed in cfDNA from 117 HCC patients receiving radical treatments. Then, the relationship between cfDNA CNVs and clinical outcomes was explored. Our results showed that a concordant profile of CNVs was observed between cfDNA and tumor tissue DNA. Three genome-wide CNV indicators including tumor fraction (TFx), prediction score (P-score), and stability score (S-score) were calculated and demonstrated to exhibit significant correlation with poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Furthermore, the high-frequency cfDNA CNVs at chromosomal-arm level including the loss of 4q, 17p, and 19p and the gain of 8q and 1q clearly predicted HCC prognosis. Finally, a bin-level risk score was constructed to improve the ability of CNVs in predicting prognosis. Altogether, our study indicates that the multiple-level cfDNA CNVs are significantly associated with OS and RFS in HCC patients with radical treatments, suggesting that cfDNA CNVs detected by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongnan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyuan Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiwen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Nishida N. Role of Oncogenic Pathways on the Cancer Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Its Clinical Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3666. [PMID: 34359568 PMCID: PMC8345137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is complex, consisting of crosstalk among tumor components such as the cancer cells, stromal cells and immune cells. It is conceivable that phenotypic changes in cancer cells by genetic and epigenetic alterations affect the cancer-stroma interaction and anti-cancer immunity through the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and metabolites that may act on the immune system in tumors. Therefore, predicting the outcome of ICI therapy requires a thorough understanding of the oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer and how they affect tumor immune evasion. In this review, we have detailed how oncogenic signaling pathways can play a role in altering the condition of the cellular components of the tumor immune microenvironment such as tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways have all been implicated in anti-tumor immunity. We also found that factors that reflect the immune microenvironment of the tumor, including the status of oncogenic pathways such as the volume of tumor-infiltrating T cells, expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, predict a response to ICI therapy in HCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
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13
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Role of Oncogenic Pathways on the Cancer Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Its Clinical Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 34359568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153666.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is complex, consisting of crosstalk among tumor components such as the cancer cells, stromal cells and immune cells. It is conceivable that phenotypic changes in cancer cells by genetic and epigenetic alterations affect the cancer-stroma interaction and anti-cancer immunity through the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and metabolites that may act on the immune system in tumors. Therefore, predicting the outcome of ICI therapy requires a thorough understanding of the oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer and how they affect tumor immune evasion. In this review, we have detailed how oncogenic signaling pathways can play a role in altering the condition of the cellular components of the tumor immune microenvironment such as tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways have all been implicated in anti-tumor immunity. We also found that factors that reflect the immune microenvironment of the tumor, including the status of oncogenic pathways such as the volume of tumor-infiltrating T cells, expression of the immune checkpoint protein PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, predict a response to ICI therapy in HCC cases.
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14
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Perisetti A, Goyal H, Yendala R, Thandassery RB, Giorgakis E. Non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis: Current insights and advancements. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3466-3482. [PMID: 34239263 PMCID: PMC8240056 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancers carry significant morbidity and mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops within the hepatic parenchyma and is the most common malignancy originating from the liver. Although 80% of HCCs develop within background cirrhosis, 20% may arise in a non-cirrhotic milieu and are referred to non-cirrhotic-HCC (NCHCC). NCHCC is often diagnosed late due to lack of surveillance. In addition, the rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus have increased the risk of developing HCC on non-cirrhotic patients. Viral infections such as chronic Hepatitis B and less often chronic hepatitis C with advance fibrosis are associated with NCHCC. NCHCC individuals may have Hepatitis B core antibodies and occult HBV infection, signifying the role of Hepatitis B infection in NCHCC. Given the effectiveness of current antiviral therapies, surgical techniques and locoregional treatment options, nowadays such patients have more options and potential for cure. However, these lesions need early identification with diagnostic models and multiple surveillance strategies to improve overall outcomes. Better understanding of the NCHCC risk factors, tumorigenesis, diagnostic tools and treatment options are critical to improving prognosis and overall outcomes on these patients. In this review, we aim to discuss NCHCC epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis, and elaborate on NCHCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, United States
| | - Rachana Yendala
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Conway Regional Health System (CRHS), Conway, AR 72034, United States
| | - Ragesh B Thandassery
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Emmanouil Giorgakis
- Department of Transplant, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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15
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Pelizzaro F, Cardin R, Penzo B, Pinto E, Vitale A, Cillo U, Russo FP, Farinati F. Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2274. [PMID: 34068786 PMCID: PMC8126224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to improve patient survival. Indeed, the most widely used biomarkers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have limited accuracy as both diagnostic and prognostic tests. Liver biopsy provides an insight on the biology of the tumor, but it is an invasive procedure, not routinely used, and not representative of the whole neoplasia due to the demonstrated intra-tumoral heterogeneity. In recent years, liquid biopsy, defined as the molecular analysis of cancer by-products, released by the tumor in the bloodstream, emerged as an appealing source of new biomarkers. Several studies focused on evaluating extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA and non-coding RNA as novel reliable biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the most relevant available evidence on novel circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic monitoring. Liquid biopsy seems to be a very promising instrument and, in the near future, some of these new non-invasive tools will probably change the clinical management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Romilda Cardin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Barbara Penzo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Elisa Pinto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.V.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.P.); (R.C.); (B.P.); (E.P.); (F.P.R.)
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16
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Nadda N, Paul SB, Yadav DP, Kumar S, Sreenivas V, Saraya A, Gamanagatti S, Acharya SK, Shalimar, Nayak B. Prognostic and Therapeutic Potentials of OncomiRs Modulating mTOR Pathways in Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604540. [PMID: 33614488 PMCID: PMC7890014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated oncomiRs are attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through targeting mTOR signaling pathway responsible for cell growth and proliferation. The potential of these oncomiRs as biomarker for tumor response or as target for therapy needs to be evaluated. AIM Tumor response assessment by OncomiR changes following locoregional therapy (LRT) and targeting of these oncomiRs modulating pathway Methods All consecutive viral-HCC patients of BCLC stage-A/B undergoing LRT were included. OncomiRs (miR-21, -221, and -16) change in circulation and AFP-ratio at 1-month post-LRT to baseline was estimated to differentiate various categories of response as per mRECIST criteria. OncomiR modulating mTOR pathway was studied by generating miR-21 and miR-221 overexpressing Huh7 stable cell lines. Results Post-LRT tumor response was assessed in 90 viral-HCC patients (CR, 40%; PR, 31%, and PD, 29%). Significant increase of miRNA-21 and -221 expression was observed in PD (p = 0.040, 0.047) and PR patients (miR-21, p = 0.045). Fold changes of miR-21 can differentiate response in group (CR from PR+PD) at AUROC 0.718 (95% CI, 0.572–0.799) and CR from PD at AUROC 0.734 (95% CI, 0.595–0.873). Overexpression of miR-21 in hepatoma cell line had shown increased phosphorylation p70S6K, the downstream regulator of cell proliferation in mTOR pathway. Upregulation of AKT, mTOR, and RPS6KB1 genes were found significant (P < 0.005) and anti-miR-21 specifically reduced mTOR gene (P = 0.02) expression. Conclusions The miR-21 fold change correlates well with imaging in predicting tumor response. Overexpression of miR-21 has a role in HCC through mTOR pathway activation and can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Nadda
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bala Paul
- Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dawesh P Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrat Kumar Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Schipilliti FM, Garajová I, Rovesti G, Balsano R, Piacentini F, Dominici M, Gelsomino F. The Growing Skyline of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33429973 PMCID: PMC7827379 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of liver cancer. In the majority of cases, HCC is diagnosed at the advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to investigating potential new and more effective drugs and, indeed, the treatment armamentarium for advanced HCC has broadened tremendously, with targeted- and immune-therapies, and probably the combination of both, playing pivotal roles. Together with new established knowledge, many issues are emerging, with the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings, the definition of the best transitioning time from loco-regional treatments to systemic therapy, the identification of potential predictive biomarkers, and radiomics being just some of the topics that will have to be further explored in the next future. Clearly, the current COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the management of HCC patients and some considerations about this topic will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Rovesti
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Rita Balsano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.D.)
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18
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Pea A, Jamieson NB, Braconi C. Biology and Clinical Application of Regulatory RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73 Suppl 1:38-48. [PMID: 32160335 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most of the human genome consists of DNA genes that are translated into RNAs but not into proteins. These RNA molecules are named noncoding RNAs (ncRNA). While in the past it was thought that ncRNAs would be redundant without relevant functions, it is now well established that ncRNAs identify a class of regulatory molecules that finely tune cell homeostasis and are deregulated in disease states, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of note, the number of ncRNAs within a cell increases progressively, with the complexity of the species indicating their essential role in the maintenance of regulatory networks that affect the intricacy of the organism. ncRNAs have been demonstrated to mediate HCC development and progression by affecting intrinsic cancer cell signaling and crosstalk between malignant cells and the microenvironment. Moreover, ncRNAs hold promise as clinical biomarkers, but further evidence is warranted before their translation and integration within clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pea
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Tovoli F, De Lorenzo S, Trevisani F. Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now? Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E578. [PMID: 33023131 PMCID: PMC7711845 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are beginning to show promise in the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most recently, the anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) agent atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab demonstrated superiority to sorafenib in a Phase 3 randomised clinical trial in the frontline setting. Other ongoing trials of immunotherapy for HCC are exploring different drug combinations, such as a double checkpoint blockade with PD-1 and anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) agents or with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, ICIs are being tested in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings trying to resolve long-time unmet needs in HCC. The results of the ongoing trials will be critical to understanding the extent of the therapeutic role of ICIs in the complex and multifaceted clinical scenario of HCC. Still, there are some critical points which need further attention to clarify the best use of ICIs in HCC patients. For instance, the actual eligibility rate of patients in the real-life scenario, the prompt identification and correct management of immune-mediated adverse events, the identification of biomarkers predicting response or resistance, and strategies to prevent the tumour escape from ICI effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tovoli
- Division of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania De Lorenzo
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Franco Trevisani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Semeiotica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Kohno T, Morishita A, Iwama H, Fujita K, Tani J, Takuma K, Nakahara M, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Nomura T, Yoneyama H, Kato K, Okano K, Suzuki Y, Nishiyama A, Himoto T, Masaki T. Comprehensive analysis of circulating microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for sorafenib therapy outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1727-1733. [PMID: 32724415 PMCID: PMC7377167 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Clinical management has improved the prognosis of early HCC, but that of advanced HCC remains poor. Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, provided a treatment option for advanced-stage HCC, and prolonged the survival and inhibited tumor progression as first-line therapy in patients with advanced HCC. In this study, we investigated if specific microRNAs could act as predictive biomarkers of sorafenib effectiveness and indicate the best time to switch to second-line therapies. Sorafenib inhibited the proliferation of the Li-7, Hep3B, HepG2 and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines (effective group), but not that of the HLE, HLF and ALEX cancer cell lines (non-effective group). A microRNA (miRNA/miR) analysis was performed comparing sorafenib-effective and non-effective cells lines as well as serum samples from patients with HCC from sorafenib-effective (complete response/partial response) and -non-effective (progressive disease) groups before sorafenib administration and detected three differentially-expressed miRNAs that were common among the in vivo and in vitro samples. The increase rate (effective/non-effective) of hsa-miR-30d in the medium was higher than that in the cancer cells. hsa-miR-30d was highly expressed in the serum and exosomes of patients with HCC in the effective group when compared to those of the non-effective group. Additionally, the hsa-miR-30d expression in the medium of cancer cell lines was highly upregulated in the effective group compared with the non-effective group. These results suggested that hsa-miR-30d might be secreted by the cancer cells to the serum through the exosomes. We identified a specific circulating miRNA that is related to refractory HCC under sorafenib therapy. Therefore, hsa-miR-30d might serve as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of sorafenib therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kei Takuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takako Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yoneyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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21
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Kimura Y, Kaneko R, Yano Y, Kamada K, Ikehara T, Nagai H, Sato Y, Igarashi Y. The Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib in Combination with TACE. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1797-1805. [PMID: 32592380 PMCID: PMC7568902 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sorafenib have been shown to be effective in the treatment of advanced HCC and has been standard therapy since its release in Japan in 2009 (Llovet et al., 2008; Cheng et al., 2009). However, due to a low response rate, more aggressive combination treatment has been utilized as a multimodal strategy. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of sorafenib alone and in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of advanced HCC. METHODS All patients with unresectable advanced HCC who were prescribed sorafenib at Kanto Rosai Hospital were included in the study. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates were estimated for patients treated with sorafenib alone or in combination with TACE. Multivariate and univariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting OS. Analysis using propensity score matching and inverse-probability weights were also performed. RESULTS A total of 46 patients were treated with sorafenib up to June 2018. The total sorafenib dose administered was higher in the TACE combination group (70900 mg vs. 24000 mg vs. with sorafenib alone), although the relative dose intensity was lower (11.7% vs. 17.6%, respectively). The 5-year survival prognosis estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method was longer in patients treated with sorafenib in combination with TACE versus sorafenib alone (36.3% vs. 7.7%). Combination with TACE was the only factor associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Among cases matched by propensity scores the hazard rate for combination with TACE was 0.067 (95% CI 0.091-1.128). CONCLUSION With an array of therapeutic options currently available, it is important to determine the efficacy of different multimodal strategies, such as sorafenib combined TACE, for patients with unresectable HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Rena Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan
| | - Takashi Ikehara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Hidenari Nagai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Igarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 6-11-1 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541 Japan
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22
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Nishida N, Kudo M. Immune Phenotype and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1274. [PMID: 32443599 PMCID: PMC7281618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are promising approaches for treating hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) refractory to conventional therapies. However, a recent clinical trial of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revealed that anti-tumor responses to ICIs are not satisfactory in HCC cases. Therefore, it is critical to identify molecular markers to predict outcome and develop novel combination therapies that enhance the efficacy of ICIs. Recently, several attempts have been made to classify HCC based on genome, epigenome, and transcriptome analyses. These molecular classifications are characterized by unique clinical and histological features of HCC, as well immune phenotype. For example, HCCs exhibiting gene expression patterns with proliferation signals and stem cell markers are associated with the enrichment of immune infiltrates in tumors, suggesting immune-proficient characteristics for this type of HCC. However, the presence of activating mutations in β-catenin represents a lack of immune infiltrates and refractoriness to ICIs. Although the precise mechanism that links the immunological phenotype with molecular features remains controversial, it is conceivable that alterations of oncogenic cellular signaling in cancer may lead to the expression of immune-regulatory molecules and result in the acquisition of specific immunological microenvironments for each case of HCC. Therefore, these molecular and immune characteristics should be considered for the management of HCC using immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine; 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
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Guo C, Gao C, Zhao D, Li J, Wang J, Sun X, Liu Q, Hao L, Greenaway FT, Tian Y, Liu S, Sun MZ. A novel ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:70. [PMID: 32326970 PMCID: PMC7178969 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of the high mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). E-Twenty Six variant gene 6 (ETV6) is a strong transcriptional repressor, associated with the development and progression of tumors. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of ETV6 in HCC remain unclear. METHODS Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of ETV6, CRKL (v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like) and miR-429 in HCC tissues and cells; Transwell chamber and F-actin cytoskeleton staining assay to examine the effects of ETV6 and CRKL deregulation on the migration, invasion and cytoskeleton of HCC cells; Co-immunoprecipitation assay to determine the interaction between CRKL and ETV6; Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to investigate the interaction between ETV6 and miR-429. RESULTS We established a novel ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to HCC metastasis. ETV6 and CRKL were frequently increased, while miR-429 was downregulated in both hepatocarcinoma tissues and hepatocarcinoma cells. Moreover, ETV6 upregulation was positively correlated with CRKL upregulation, and two negative correlations were also established for ETV6 and CRKL upregulation with miR-429 downregulation in both hepatocarcinoma patients' tumorous tissues and hepatocarcinoma cells. Functional investigations revealed that overexpression and knockdown of ETV6 was remarkably effective in promoting and suppressing HCC cell migration, invasion, cytoskeleton F-actin expression and arrangement, whereas, CRKL overexpression exhibited similar effects to the overexpression of ETV6. Mechanistically, ETV6 negatively regulates miR-429 expression by directly binding to the promoter region of miR-429; miR-429 negatively regulates CRKL expression by selectively targeting CRKL-3'-UTR; ETV6 directly binds to CRKL and positively regulates its expression, which in turn CRKL positively regulates ETV6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that ETV6 promotes migration and invasion of HCC cells by directly binding to promoter region of miR-429 via modulating CRKL expression. The newly identified ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to the aggressiveness of HCC, which provides new clues for fundamental research on diagnosis and treatment parameters for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xujuan Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qinlong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Frederick T Greenaway
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
| | - Yuxiang Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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The Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and the Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Exosomal microRNAs and their Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040823. [PMID: 32235370 PMCID: PMC7226466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The communication between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and their microenvironment is an essential mechanism supporting or preventing tumor development and progression. Recent evidence has identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as one of the mechanisms mediating paracrine signaling between cells. Exosomes, the most described class of EVs, deliver proteins, mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, DNA, and lipids to recipient cells, also at remote distances. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as part of the non-coding RNA exosomal cargo, have an important role in regulating cellular pathways in targeted cells, regulating several processes related to tumor progression invasion and metastasis, such as angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and multi-drug resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests exosomal miRNAs as relevant players in the dynamic crosstalk among cancerous, immune, and stromal cells in establishing the tumorigenic microenvironment. In addition, they sustain the metastasic niche formation at distant sites. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on the role of the exosome-derived miRNAs in the cross-communication between tumor cells and different hepatic resident cells, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cell re-programming. In addition, we describe the clinical implication derived from the exosomal miRNA-driven immunomodulation to the current immunotherapy strategies and the molecular aspects influencing the resistance to therapeutic agents.
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25
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Tian N, Wu D, Tang M, Sun H, Ji Y, Huang C, Chen L, Chen G, Zeng M. RAF1 Expression is Correlated with HAF, a Parameter of Liver Computed Tomographic Perfusion, and may Predict the Early Therapeutic Response to Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:167-174. [PMID: 32190741 PMCID: PMC7065427 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Monitoring the early treatment effect of sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is a diagnostic challenge. In a previous study, we reported the potential role of liver computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in the assessment of the response to sorafenib therapy in HCC. The present study aims to investigate whether sorafenib-targeted genes is correlated with CTP parameter, and investigate the potential of sorafenib-targeted genes in early prediction of therapeutic response to sorafenib in advanced HCC. Methods A total of 21 HCC patients were enrolled. Sorafenib was administered orally at a dose of 400 mg twice daily continuously. Treatment response was assessed using modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) criteria. CTP scanning was performed before and after two weeks of sorafenib treatment using a 320-detector row CT scanner. The perfusion parameters of portal vein flow (PVF), hepatic artery flow (HAF), and perfusion index (PI) were acquired by CTP. The expression levels of several sorafenib-targeted genes were assayed using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between HAF values and RAF1 expression levels. Results According to mRECIST, the disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) of treatment group was 70.5% after two months of treatment. Compared to background controls, tumor tissues exhibited higher HAF. A sorafenib-targeted gene, RAF1 expression, was increased in tumor tissues especially in the sorafenib-resistant group. The sorafenib-resistant group exhibited a significantly higher RAF1 expression and HAF than the sensitive group. Moreover, the RAF1 expression is positively correlated with the HAF value. Conclusion RAF1 expression might predict therapeutic effects of sorafenib in advanced HCC, where RAF1 could potentially serve as a molecular marker for monitoring early therapeutic effects after sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninzi Tian
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huichuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Abstract
Abdominal tumors (AT) in children account for approximately 17% of all pediatric solid tumor cases, and frequently exhibit embryonal histological features that differentiate them from adult cancers. Current molecular approaches have greatly improved the understanding of the distinctive pathology of each tumor type and enabled the characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. As seen in abdominal adult tumors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in either the initiation or progression of childhood cancer. Moreover, besides predicting patient prognosis, they represent valuable diagnostic tools that may also assist the surveillance of tumor behavior and treatment response, as well as the identification of the primary metastatic sites. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compile up-to-date information regarding the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the most common histological variants of AT, including neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, and adrenal tumors. Additionally, the clinical implications of dysregulated miRNAs as potential diagnostic tools or indicators of prognosis were evaluated.
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27
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Linck-Paulus L, Hellerbrand C, Bosserhoff AK, Dietrich P. Dissimilar Appearances Are Deceptive-Common microRNAs and Therapeutic Strategies in Liver Cancer and Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E114. [PMID: 31906510 PMCID: PMC7017070 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on miRNAs as therapeutic targets in two cancer types that were frequently described to be driven by miRNAs-melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By focusing on common microRNAs and associated pathways in these-at first sight-dissimilar cancer types, we aim at revealing similar molecular mechanisms that are evolved in microRNA-biology to drive cancer progression. Thereby, we also want to outlay potential novel therapeutic strategies. After providing a brief introduction to general miRNA biology and basic information about HCC and melanoma, this review depicts prominent examples of potent oncomiRs and tumor-suppressor miRNAs, which have been proven to drive diverse cancer types including melanoma and HCC. To develop and apply miRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment in the future, it is essential to understand how miRNA dysregulation evolves during malignant transformation. Therefore, we highlight important aspects such as genetic alterations, miRNA editing and transcriptional regulation based on concrete examples. Furthermore, we expand our illustration by focusing on miRNA-associated proteins as well as other regulators of miRNAs which could also provide therapeutic targets. Finally, design and delivery strategies of miRNA-associated therapeutic agents as well as potential drawbacks are discussed to address the question of how miRNAs might contribute to cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Linck-Paulus
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.-P.); (C.H.)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.-P.); (C.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.-P.); (C.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.L.-P.); (C.H.)
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Brunetti O, Gnoni A, Licchetta A, Longo V, Calabrese A, Argentiero A, Delcuratolo S, Solimando AG, Casadei-Gardini A, Silvestris N. Predictive and Prognostic Factors in HCC Patients Treated with Sorafenib. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100707. [PMID: 31640191 PMCID: PMC6843290 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral kinase inhibitor that enhances survival in patients affected by advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the results of two registrative trials, this drug represents a gold quality standard in the first line treatment of advanced HCC. Recently, lenvatinib showed similar results in terms of survival in a non-inferiority randomized trial study considering the same subset of patients. Unlike other targeted therapies, predictive and prognostic markers in HCC patients treated with sorafenib are lacking. Their identification could help clinicians in the daily management of these patients, mostly in light of the new therapeutic options available in the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gnoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, "S. Cuore di Gesù" Hospital, 73014 Gallipoli, Italy.
| | | | - Vito Longo
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Radiology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabina Delcuratolo
- Scientific Direction, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IstitutoScientifico Romagnolo per Lo Studio e Cura Dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Avgeris M, Panoutsopoulou K, Papadimitriou MA, Scorilas A. Circulating exosomal miRNAs: clinical significance in human cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:979-995. [PMID: 31594418 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The identification of novel noninvasive biomarkers to ameliorate early-diagnosis, and disease prognosis, as well as to support personalized treatment and monitoring decisions is of first clinical priority for cancer patients' care. Exosomes are natural endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and tumor progression. Considering that deregulated miRNA levels have been described in numerous human malignancies and that tumor-derived exosomes reflect miRNA expression of donor tumor cells, the evaluation of exosome-derived circulating miRNAs (exomiRs) may offer a new promising class of noninvasive molecular markers to improve patients' management and quality-of-life. Areas covered: In the current review we have summarized the existing knowledge on the clinical relevance of circulating exosomal miRNAs in improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and thus supporting personalized patients' management Expert commentary: Cancer research has highlighted the abundance of exomiRs in patients' plasma and serum samples, as well as their biomarker capabilities in the vast majority of human malignancies studied so far. Their analytical stability constitutes exomiRs ideal molecular markers to overcome numerous limitations of cancer clinical management, while future large-scale studies should unveil exomiRs translational utility in modern cancer molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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30
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Pratama MY, Pascut D, Massi MN, Tiribelli C. The role of microRNA in the resistance to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:577. [PMID: 31807558 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death with a limited efficacy of treatment for intermediate and advanced stages of the disease. Several therapeutic approaches such as trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with anthracyclines, cisplatin and multikinase inhibitor sorafenib have been appealing choices of treatments yet failed to reach a satisfactory outcome mainly due to the numerous mechanisms that influence patient's response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of many intracellular processes related to drug resistance. This phenomenon has been linked to the modulation of several complex pathways, ranging from the loss of ability of drug accumulation, protective mechanism of autophagy, adaptive mechanism of cancer cells towards the drugs-induced environment, decrease DNA damage and suppression of downstream events that transduce its signal into apoptosis. We summarize the recent findings on the involvement of miRNAs in various drug resistance-related mechanisms in the development of resistance to anthracyclines, cisplatin and sorafenib therapies. Furthermore, we describe the possible application of miRNAs as circulating biomarkers predicting therapy response in HCC. Thus, the undeniable potential and paramount role of miRNA in drug resistance may eventually lead to improved clinical strategies and outcomes for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Bazovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Fang JH, Xu L, Shang LR, Pan CZ, Ding J, Tang YQ, Liu H, Liu CX, Zheng JL, Zhang YJ, Zhou ZG, Xu J, Zheng L, Chen MS, Zhuang SM. Vessels That Encapsulate Tumor Clusters (VETC) Pattern Is a Predictor of Sorafenib Benefit in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 70:824-839. [PMID: 30506570 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is the most recommended first-line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet there is no clinically applied biomarker for predicting sorafenib response. We have demonstrated that a vascular pattern, named VETC (Vessels that Encapsulate Tumor Clusters), facilitates the release of whole tumor clusters into the bloodstream; VETC-mediated metastasis relies on vascular pattern, but not on migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to explore whether vascular pattern could predict sorafenib benefit. Two cohorts of patients were recruited from four academic hospitals. The survival benefit of sorafenib treatment for patients with or without the VETC pattern (VETC+ /VETC- ) was investigated. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that sorafenib treatment significantly reduced death risk and prolonged overall survival (OS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.004/0.005; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.567/0.408) and postrecurrence survival (PRS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.001/0.002; HR = 0.506/0.384) in VETC+ patients. However, sorafenib therapy was not beneficial for VETC- patients (OS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.204/0.549; HR = 0.761/1.221; PRS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.121/0.644; HR = 0.728/1.161). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that sorafenib treatment significantly improved OS/PRS in VETC+ , but not VETC- , patients. Further mechanistic investigations showed that VETC+ and VETC- HCCs displayed similar levels of light chain 3 (LC3) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in tumor tissues (pERK) or endothelial cells (EC-pERK), and greater sorafenib benefit was consistently observed in VETC+ HCC patients than VETC- irrespective of levels of pERK/EC-pERK/LC3, suggesting that the different sorafenib benefit between VETC+ and VETC- HCCs may not result from activation of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/ERK signaling or induction of autophagy. Conclusion: Sorafenib is effective in prolonging the survival of VETC+ , but not VETC- , patients. VETC pattern may act as a predictor of sorafenib benefit for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ru Shang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Zhi Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ding
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction and The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction and The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobilliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang C, Liu X, Wang M, Lv G, Wang G. High Blood miR-802 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in HCC Patients by Regulating DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1)-Mediated Function of T Cells. Oncol Res 2019; 27:1025-1034. [PMID: 30982498 PMCID: PMC7848258 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15456687424096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-802 has been reported to be dysregulated in multiple tumors and contribute to tumor progression. However, its role in HCC was still largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the function and mechanism of miR-802 in HCC progression. The results showed that miR-802 was upregulated in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of HCC patients, and high levels of blood miR-802 predicted poor prognosis. miR-802 had no effect on the proliferation and migration of HCC cell lines. Interestingly, the levels of CD8/CD28 and regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) were declined along with the upregulation of miR-802 in vivo. Hence, it is speculated that miR-802 participated in the regulation of T-cell function in HCC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mir-802 directly targets REDD1 and inhibited its expression. miR-802 increased the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and decreased the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CD8+CD28+ T-cell number. In conclusion, miR-802 was involved in T-cell exhaustion through posttranscriptionally suppressing REDD1, which might offer the suppressive effect of miR-802 on HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Nishida N, Yamakawa M, Shiina T, Kudo M. Current status and perspectives for computer-aided ultrasonic diagnosis of liver lesions using deep learning technology. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:416-421. [PMID: 30790230 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound (US) examination is a common noninvasive technique widely applied for diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Based on the rapid development of US equipment, many US images have been accumulated and are now available and ready for the preparation of a database for the development of computer-aided US diagnosis with deep learning technology. On the contrary, because of the unique characteristics of the US image, there could be some issues that need to be resolved for the establishment of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system in this field. For example, compared to the other modalities, the quality of a US image is, currently, highly operator dependent; the conditions of examination should also directly affect the quality of US images. So far, these factors have hampered the application of deep learning-based technology in the field of US diagnosis. However, the development of CAD and US technologies will contribute to an increase in diagnostic quality, facilitate the development of remote medicine, and reduce the costs in the national health care through the early diagnosis of diseases. From this point of view, it may have a large enough potential to induce a paradigm shift in the field of US imaging and diagnosis of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shiina
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP, Sandhu DS. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:1-18. [PMID: 30705715 PMCID: PMC6354117 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, which in turns accounts for the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite being the 6th most common cancer it is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. HCC typically arises in the background of cirrhosis, however, about 20% of cases can develop in a non-cirrhotic liver. This particular subgroup of HCC generally presents at an advanced stage as surveillance is not performed in a non-cirrhotic liver. HCC in non-cirrhotic patients is clinically silent in its early stages because of lack of symptoms and surveillance imaging; and higher hepatic reserve in this population. Interestingly, F3 fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are associated with high risk of developing HCC. Even though considerable progress has been made in the management of this entity, there is a dire need for implementation of surveillance strategies in the patient population at risk, to decrease the disease burden at presentation and improve the prognosis of these patients. This comprehensive review details the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients and provides future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States
| | - Sonia Sandhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic/Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, United States
| | - Jin-Ping Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Dalbir Singh Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, the United States
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35
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Ali HEA, Emam AA, Zeeneldin AA, Srour R, Tabashy R, El-Desouky ED, Abd Elmageed ZY, Abdel-Wahab AHA. Circulating miR-26a, miR-106b, miR-107 and miR-133b stratify hepatocellular carcinoma patients according to their response to transarterial chemoembolization. Clin Biochem 2019; 65:45-52. [PMID: 30653948 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have developed resistance against transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a panel of microRNAs (miRs) biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in HCC patients after TACE treatment. METHODS The expression level of twenty miRs was evaluated in FFPE tissues collected from 33 HCC patients. We selected four differentially expressed miRs in TACE-responders versus non-responders and re-assessed their expression in 51 serum samples. The expressions of miRs associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment outcomes were investigated. The diagnostic accuracy of these miRs in predicting patients' response to TACE was also evaluated. RESULTS The baseline of miR-106b, miR-107 and miR-133b was significantly elevated (p < .001) in sera of TACE-responders while miR-26a was elevated (p < .001) in non-responders. miR-26a and miR-133b recorded the highest diagnostic performance as individual classifiers in response to TACE (AUC = 1.0 and 100% sensitivity and specificity). Intriguingly, miR-133b distinguished complete responders from partial responders and non-responders (AUC ≥ 0.90). The PFS was improved (p < .05) in the high expression group of miR-31, miR-200b, miR-133b and miR-181a over their low expression group. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-133b, miR-26a, miR-107 and miR-106 in serum are potential candidates to be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for predication of TACE treatment outcomes in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy E A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Radiobiological Applications, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Emam
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Zeeneldin
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Srour
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Tabashy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman D El-Desouky
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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Marisi G, Cucchetti A, Ulivi P, Canale M, Cabibbo G, Solaini L, Foschi FG, De Matteis S, Ercolani G, Valgiusti M, Frassineti GL, Scartozzi M, Casadei Gardini A. Ten years of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are there any predictive and/or prognostic markers? World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4152-4163. [PMID: 30271080 PMCID: PMC6158485 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib has been considered the standard of care for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since 2007 and numerous studies have investigated the role of markers involved in the angiogenesis process at both the expression and genetic level and clinical aspect. What results have ten years of research produced? Several clinical and biological markers are associated with prognosis. The most interesting clinical parameters are adverse events, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and macroscopic vascular invasion, while several single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma angiopoietin-2 levels represent the most promising biological biomarkers. A recent pooled analysis of two phase III randomized trials showed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, etiology and extra-hepatic spread are predictive factors of response to sorafenib, but did not identify any predictive biological markers. After 10 years of research into sorafenib there are still no validated prognostic or predictive factors of response to the drug in HCC. The aim of the present review was to summarize 10 years of research into sorafenib, looking in particular at the potential of associated clinical and biological markers to predict its efficacy in patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cabibbo
- Section of Gastroenterology, DI.BI.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo 35628, Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy
| | - Francesco G Foschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Degli Infermi Hospital, Faenza 48018, Italy
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì 47121, Italy
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 45698, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola 47014, Italy
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Saeki I, Yamasaki T, Maeda M, Hisanaga T, Iwamoto T, Fujisawa K, Matsumoto T, Hidaka I, Marumoto Y, Ishikawa T, Yamamoto N, Suehiro Y, Takami T, Sakaida I. Treatment strategies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Sorafenib vs hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:571-584. [PMID: 30310535 PMCID: PMC6177565 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i9.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is used worldwide as a first-line standard systemic agent for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the basis of the results of two large-scale Phase III trials. Conversely, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the most recommended treatments in Japan. Although there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing sorafenib with HAIC, several retrospective analyses have shown no significant differences in survival between the two therapies. Outcomes are favorable for HCC patients exhibiting macroscopic vascular invasion when treated with HAIC rather than sorafenib, whereas in HCC patients exhibiting extrahepatic spread or resistance to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, good outcomes are achieved by treatment with sorafenib rather than HAIC. Additionally, sorafenib is generally used to treat patients with Child-Pugh A, while HAIC is indicated for those with either Child-Pugh A or B. Based on these findings, we reviewed treatment strategies for advanced HCC. We propose that sorafenib might be used as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC patients without macroscopic vascular invasion or Child-Pugh A, while HAIC is recommended for those with macroscopic vascular invasion or Child-Pugh A or B. Additional research is required to determine the best second-line treatment for HAIC non-responders with Child-Pugh B through future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Saeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takuro Hisanaga
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Center of Research and Education for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshio Marumoto
- Center for Clinical Research, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Yamaguchi University Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Pinter M, Peck‐Radosavljevic M. Review article: systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:598-609. [PMID: 30039640 PMCID: PMC6120553 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The approval of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib in 2007 marked a milestone in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, as sorafenib was the first systemic therapy to show a survival benefit in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Since then many drugs failed in the first- and second-line setting and it took almost another decade until further tyrosine kinase inhibitors succeeded in phase III trials. AIM To summarise the evolving field of systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS We reviewed recently published studies identified from PubMed and data presented at recent meetings. Main search terms included hepatocellular carcinoma, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, sorafenib, regorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, ramucirumab, and nivolumab. RESULTS We discuss the evolution of targeted therapies since the approval of sorafenib including failures and recent advances. We also elaborate the unmet need of biomarkers to guide treatment decisions and discuss the emerging field of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib (first line) and regorafenib (second line) have been approved for hepatocellular carcinoma, and the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab obtained conditional approval for sorafenib-experienced patients in the United States. With lenvatinib in the first line, and cabozantinib and ramucirumab in sorafenib-experienced patients, three more targeted therapies reached their primary endpoint in phase III trials and may soon be added to the treatment armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology & HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Markus Peck‐Radosavljevic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology (IMuG)Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology & NephrologyCentral Emergency Medicine (ZAE)Klinikum Klagenfurt am WörtherseeKlagenfurtAustria
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39
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Vasuri F, Visani M, Acquaviva G, Brand T, Fiorentino M, Pession A, Tallini G, D’Errico A, de Biase D. Role of microRNAs in the main molecular pathways of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2647-2660. [PMID: 29991871 PMCID: PMC6034147 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant neoplasia. HCC is characterized by a poor prognosis. The need to find new molecular markers for its diagnosis and prognosis has led to a progressive increase in the number of scientific studies on this topic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that play a role in almost all main cellular pathways. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of expression of the major tumor-related genes in carcinogenesis, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this review was to identify papers published in 2017 investigating the role of miRNAs in HCC tumorigenesis. miRNAs were classified according to their role in the main molecular pathways involved in HCC tumorigenesis: (1) mTOR; (2) Wnt; (3) JAK/STAT; (4) apoptosis; and (5) MAPK. The role of miRNAs in prognosis/response prediction was taken into consideration. Bearing in mind that the analysis of miRNAs in serum and other body fluids would be crucial for clinical management, the role of circulating miRNAs in HCC patients was also investigated. The most represented miRNA-regulated pathway in HCC is mTOR, but apoptosis, Wnt, JAK/STAT or MAPK pathways are also influenced by miRNA expression levels. These miRNAs could thus be used in clinical practice as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Thomas Brand
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Antonia D’Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Dietrich P, Koch A, Fritz V, Hartmann A, Bosserhoff AK, Hellerbrand C. Wild type Kirsten rat sarcoma is a novel microRNA-622-regulated therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to sorafenib resistance. Gut 2018; 67:1328-1341. [PMID: 29275358 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sorafenib is the only effective therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combinatory approaches targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein-kinase B(AKT) signalling yield major therapeutic improvements. RAS proteins regulate both RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling. However, the most important RAS isoform in carcinogenesis, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), remains unexplored in HCC. DESIGN Human HCC tissues and cell lines were used for expression and functional analysis. Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells were newly generated. RNA interference and the novel small molecule deltarasin were used for KRAS inhibition both in vitro and in a murine syngeneic orthotopic HCC model. RESULTS Expression of wild type KRAS messenger RNA and protein was increased in HCC and correlated with extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) activation, proliferation rate, advanced tumour size and poor patient survival. Bioinformatic analysis and reporter assays revealed that KRAS is a direct target of microRNA-622. This microRNA was downregulated in HCC, and functional analysis demonstrated that KRAS-suppression is the major mediator of its inhibitory effect on HCC proliferation. KRAS inhibition markedly suppressed RAF/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling and proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Combinatory KRAS inhibition and sorafenib treatment revealed synergistic antitumorigenic effects in HCC. Sorafenib-resistant HCC cells showed elevated KRAS expression, and KRAS inhibition resensitised sorafenib-resistant cells to suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS KRAS is dysregulated in HCC by loss of tumour-suppressive microRNA-622, contributing to tumour progression, sorafenib sensitivity and resistance. KRAS inhibition alone or in combination with sorafenib appears as novel promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valerie Fritz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Liang YY, Deng XB, Zeng LS, Lin XT, Shao XF, Wang B, Mo ZW, Yuan YW. RASSF6-mediated inhibition of Mcl-1 through JNK activation improves the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:75-83. [PMID: 29864454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ras association domain family member 6 (RASSF6) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor and predictor of poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, little is known about the effects of RASSF6 on sorafenib resistance or the underlying mechanism. Here, we show that RASSF6 expression positively correlates with sorafenib sensitivity in RCC cells and human samples. Stable ectopic overexpression of RASSF6 in RCC cell lines reduces resistance to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. At a molecular level, RASSF6 activates the JNK signaling pathway, which further contributes to Mcl-1 inhibition. Suppression of the JNK pathway can partially restore Mcl-1 expression and sorafenib resistance. Together, these findings suggest that RASSF6 inhibits sorafenib resistance by repressing Mcl-1 through the JNK-dependent pathway. RASSF6 may serve as a novel regulator for sorafenib therapy in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xu-Bin Deng
- Department of Internal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Surgery (Section 2), Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xian-Tao Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xun-Fan Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Mo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Wei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bulgakova O, Zhabayeva D, Kussainova A, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Bersimbaev R. miR-19 in blood plasma reflects lung cancer occurrence but is not specifically associated with radon exposure. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8816-8824. [PMID: 29805621 PMCID: PMC5950512 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radon is one of the most powerful carcinogens, particularly in terms of lung cancer onset and development. miRNAs may be considered not only as markers of the ongoing tumorigenesis but also as a hallmark of exposure to radiation, including radon and its progeny. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the value of plasma miR-19b-3p level as the prospective marker of the response to radon exposure in lung cancer pathogenesis. A total of 136 subjects were examined, including 49 radon-exposed patients with lung cancer, 37 patients with lung cancer without radon exposure and 50 age/sex matched healthy controls. Total RNA from blood samples was extracted and used to detect miR-19b-3p expression via reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. The 2-ΔΔCq method was used to quantify the amount of relative miRNA. The plasma level of p53 protein was determined using a Human p53 ELISA kit. Plasma miR-19b-3p level was significantly higher in the patients with lung cancer groups, compared with the healthy control group (P<0.0001). No other statistically significant differences were determined in the expression level of plasma miR-19b-3p between patients diagnosed with lung cancer exposed to radon and not exposed to radon. The expression level of free circulating miR-19b-3p was higher in the group of non-smoking patients with lung cancer, compared with smokers with lung cancer. The miR-19b-3p was 1.4-fold higher in non-smokers than in smokers (P<0.05). No association between plasma levels of p53 protein and miR-19b-3p freely circulating in patients with lung cancer was observed. No other statistically significant differences were determined in the plasma p53 protein level between patients diagnosed with lung cancer exposed and not exposed to radon. These results indicated that detection of miR-19b-3p levels in plasma potentially could be exploited as a noninvasive method for the lung cancer diagnostics. However, this miRNA is not suitable as the precise marker for radon impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Zhabayeva
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, I-16132 Liguria, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, I-16132 Liguria, Italy
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan
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Erstad DJ, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK. Molecular signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: A step toward rationally designed cancer therapy. Cancer 2018; 124:3084-3104. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Erstad
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Surgical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalBoston Massachusetts
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Kanthaje S, Makol A, Chakraborti A. Sorafenib response in hepatocellular carcinoma: MicroRNAs as tuning forks. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:5-14. [PMID: 29055114 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver malignancy that contributes towards the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The targeted chemotherapeutic agent, sorafenib, is known to show a statistically significant but limited overall survival advantage in advanced HCC. However, the individual patient response towards sorafenib varies drastically, with most experiencing stable disease and few with partial response; complete response is very rare. Progressive disease despite the treatment is also evident in many patients, indicating drug resistance. These varied responses have been linked with the modulation of several intracellular signaling pathways. Notably, the regulation of these pathways through diverse operating biomolecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), is the focus of recent studies. MicroRNAs are tiny, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of several target genes. In addition, miRNAs are known to play a role in the progression of HCC carcinogenesis. Interestingly, miRNAs have also been identified to play differential roles in terms of sorafenib response in HCC such as biomarkers and functional modulation of cellular response to sorafenib, hence, they are also being therapeutically evaluated. This review outlines the role of reported miRNAs in different aspects of sorafenib response in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Kanthaje
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Makol
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuradha Chakraborti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Detassis S, Grasso M, Del Vescovo V, Denti MA. microRNAs Make the Call in Cancer Personalized Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:86. [PMID: 29018797 PMCID: PMC5614923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery and the advent of RNA interference, microRNAs have drawn enormous attention because of their ubiquitous involvement in cellular pathways from life to death, from metabolism to communication. It is also widely accepted that they possess an undeniable role in cancer both as tumor suppressors and tumor promoters modulating cell proliferation and migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, microRNAs can even affect the tumor surrounding environment influencing angiogenesis and immune system activation and recruitment. The tight association of microRNAs with several cancer-related processes makes them undoubtedly connected to the effect of specific cancer drugs inducing either resistance or sensitization. In this context, personalized medicine through microRNAs arose recently with the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the target binding sites, in the sequence of the microRNA itself or in microRNA biogenesis related genes, increasing risk, susceptibility and progression of multiple types of cancer in different sets of the population. The depicted scenario implies that the overall variation displayed by these small non-coding RNAs have an impact on patient-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer drugs, pushing on a rising need of personalized treatment. Indeed, microRNAs from either tissues or liquid biopsies are also extensively studied as valuable biomarkers for disease early recognition, progression and prognosis. Despite microRNAs being intensively studied in recent years, a comprehensive review describing these topics all in one is missing. Here we report an up-to-date and critical summary of microRNAs as tools for better understanding personalized cancer biogenesis, evolution, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michela A. Denti
- Laboratory of RNA Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
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Prognostic value of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107237-107257. [PMID: 29291025 PMCID: PMC5739810 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous articles reported that dysregulated expression levels of miRNAs correlated with survival time of HCC patients. However, there has not been a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the accurate prognostic value of miRNAs in HCC. Design Meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Studies, published in English, estimating expression levels of miRNAs with any survival curves in HCC were identified up until 15 April, 2017 by performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews by two independent authors. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the correlation between miRNA expression and overall survival (OS). Results 54 relevant articles about 16 miRNAs, with 6464 patients, were ultimately included. HCC patients with high expression of tissue miR-9 (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46–3.76), miR-21 (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.29–2.41), miR-34c (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.05–2.57), miR-155 (HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.46–5.51), miR-221 (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.02–3.04) or low expression of tissue miR-22 (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.63–3.21), miR-29c (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10–1.65), miR-34a (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.30–2.59), miR-199a (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.89–4.08), miR-200a (HR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.86–3.77), miR-203 (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.61–3.00) have significantly poor OS (P < 0.05). Likewise, HCC patients with high expression of blood miR-21 (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.07–2.80), miR-192 (HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.15–5.10), miR-224 (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.14–2.12) or low expression of blood miR-148a (HR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.11–4.59) have significantly short OS (P < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, tissue miR-9, miR-21, miR-22, miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-34c, miR-155, miR-199a, miR-200a, miR-203, miR-221 and blood miR-21, miR-148a, miR-192, miR-224 demonstrate significantly prognostic value. Among them, tissue miR-9, miR-22, miR-155, miR-199a, miR-200a, miR-203 and blood miR-148a, miR-192 are potential prognostic candidates for predicting OS in HCC.
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