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Kaur G, Devi S, Sharma A, Sood P. Pharmacological insights and role of bufalin (bufadienolides) in inflammation modulation: a narrative review. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01517-9. [PMID: 39012431 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bufadienolides, specifically bufalin, have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic application in modulating inflammatory pathways. Bufalin is derived from toad venom and exhibits promising anti-inflammatory properties. Its anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated by influencing crucial signaling pathways like NF-B, MAPK, and JAK-STAT, resulting in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory substances like cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Bufalin blocks inflammasome activation and reduces oxidative stress, hence increasing its anti-inflammatory properties. Bufalin has shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular problems, and autoimmune ailments in preclinical investigations. Furthermore, producing new approaches of medication delivery and combining therapies with bufalin shows potential for improving its effectiveness and reducing adverse effects. This review explores the pharmacological effects and mechanistic approaches of bufalin as an anti-inflammatory agent, which further highlights its potential for therapy and offers the basis for further study on its therapeutic application in inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Akhil Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Parul Sood
- Chitkara University School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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2
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Ye Q, Zhou X, Ren H, Han F, Lin R, Li J. An overview of the past decade of bufalin in the treatment of refractory and drug-resistant cancers: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274336. [PMID: 37860119 PMCID: PMC10582727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Profound progress has been made in cancer treatment in the past three decades. However, drug resistance remains prevalent and a critical challenge. Drug resistance can be attributed to oncogenes mutations, activated defensive mechanisms, ATP-bind cassette transporters overexpression, cancer stem cells, etc. Chinese traditional medicine toad venom has been used for centuries for different diseases, including resistant cancers. Bufalin is one of the bufadienolides in toad venom that has been extensively studied for its potential in refractory and drug-resistant cancer treatments in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we would like to critically review the progress made in the past decade (2013-2022) of bufalin in overcoming drug resistance in cancers. Generally, bufalin shows high potential in killing certain refractory and resistant cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. More importantly, bufalin can work as a chemo-sensitizer that enhances the sensitivity of certain conventional and targeted therapies at low concentrations. In addition, the development of bufalin derivatives was also briefly summarized and discussed. We also analyzed the obstacles and challenges and provided possible solutions for future perspectives. We hope that the collective information may help evoke more effort for more in-depth studies and evaluation of bufalin in both lab and possible clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Ye
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province & Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Han Ren
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fangxuan Han
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhou Q, Tao X, Guo F, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Xiang H, Shang D. The crosstalk between microbiota and metabolites in AP mice: an analysis based on metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134321. [PMID: 37621874 PMCID: PMC10446838 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Microbiome dysfunction is known to aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the relationship between this dysfunction and metabolite alterations is not fully understood. This study explored the crosstalk between the microbiome and metabolites in AP mice. Methods Experimental AP models were established by injecting C57/BL mice with seven doses of cerulein and one dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify systemic disturbances in the microbiome and metabolites, respectively, during the progression of AP. Results The gut microbiome of AP mice primarily included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and "core microbiota" characterized by an increase in Proteobacteria and a decrease in Actinobacteria. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that significantly different microbes were involved in several signaling networks. Untargeted metabolomics identified 872 metabolites, of which lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most impacted. An integrated analysis of metagenomics and metabolomics indicated that acetate kinase (ackA) gene expression was associated with various gut microbiota, including Alistipes, Butyricimonas, and Lactobacillus, and was strongly correlated with the metabolite daphnoretin. The functional gene, O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (cysK), was associated with Alistipes, Jeotgalicoccus, and Lactobacillus, and linked to bufalin and phlorobenzophenone metabolite production. Conclusion This study identified the relationship between the gut microbiome and metabolite levels during AP, especially the Lactobacillus-, Alistipes-, and Butyricimonas-associated functional genes, ackA and cysK. Expression of these genes was significantly correlated to the production of the anti-inflammatory and antitumor metabolites daphnoretin and bufalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Gao Y, Xu Z, Li X, Liu Z, Li W, Kang Y, Zhang X, Qi Y. Resibufogenin, one of bufadienolides in toad venom, suppresses LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chemistry and the Potential Antiviral, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cardiotonic Steroids Derived from Toads. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196586. [PMID: 36235123 PMCID: PMC9571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000 years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of amphibians and toads and can also be extracted from natural products such as plants, herbs, and marines. It is well known that cardiotonic steroids reveal effects against congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation; therefore, the term "cardiotonic" has been coined. Cardiotonic steroids are divided into two distinct groups: cardenolides (plant-derived) and bufadienolides (mainly of animal origin). Cardenolides have an unsaturated five-membered lactone ring attached to the steroid nucleus at position 17; bufadienolides have a doubly unsaturated six-membered lactone ring. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans all over the world. In 2040, the global cancer load is expected to be 28.4 million cases, which would be a 47% increase from 2020. Moreover, viruses and inflammations also have a very nebative impact on human health and lead to mortality. In the current review, we focus on the chemistry, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of cardiotonic steroids from the naturally derived (toads) venom to combat these chronic devastating health problems. The databases of different research engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder) were screened using different combinations of the following terms: “cardiotonic steroids”, “anti-inflammatory”, “antiviral”, “anticancer”, “toad venom”, “bufadienolides”, and “poison chemical composition”. Various cardiotonic steroids were isolated from diverse toad species and exhibited superior anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activities in in vivo and in vitro models such as marinobufagenin, gammabufotalin, resibufogenin, and bufalin. These steroids are especially difficult to identify. However, several compounds and their bioactivities were identified by using different molecular and biotechnological techniques. Biotechnology is a new tool to fully or partially generate upscaled quantities of natural products, which are otherwise only available at trace amounts in organisms.
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Long L, Zhong W, Guo L, Ji J, Nie H. Effect of Bufalin-PLGA Microspheres in the Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain via the CCI Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910885. [PMID: 35770074 PMCID: PMC9234216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neuropathic pain (NPP) is considered challenging, while the search for alternative medication is striving. NPP pathology is related with the expression of both the purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptor and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1). Bufalin is a traditional Chinese medication derived from toad venom with pronounced antitumor, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and the knowledge gap on its pain alleviation mechanism have limited the clinical application of bufalin. Hence, the purpose of this study is to illustrate the NPP alleviation mechanism of bufalin via chronic constriction injury (CCI). To address the concern on fast metabolism, bufalin-PLGA microspheres (MS) were prepared via membrane emulsification to achieve prolonged pain-relieving effects. Western blot, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking were employed to demonstrate the therapeutic action of bufalin on NPP. The results showed enhanced thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) after the administration of both bufalin and bufalin-PLGA MS in the CCI rats. Prolonged pain-relieving effects for up to 3 days with reduced dose frequency was achieved via bufalin-PLGA MS. In the CCI rats treated with bufalin-PLGA MS, the expression levels of protein and mRNA in TRPV1 and P2X7, both localized in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), were reduced. Moreover, bufalin-PLGA MS effectively reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in the CCI group. The results from molecular docking suggested a possible mechanism of NPP alleviation of bufalin through binding to P2X7 receptors directly. The administration of bufalin-PLGA MS prepared by membrane emulsification demonstrated promising applications for sustained effect on the alleviation of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Long
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu, China
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
| | - Liwei Guo
- Guangzhou Bio-Green Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Processing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Innovation, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Dayuan Studio of Membrane Science and Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Guangzhou Nansha Information Technology Park Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Zhong, ; Hong Nie,
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Sampath V, Horesh N, Sasi B, Zannadeh H, Pogodin I, Singh SV, Deutsch J, Lichtstein D. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bufalin Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074007. [PMID: 35409366 PMCID: PMC8999407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufalin and other cardiac steroids (CS) have been used for centuries for the treatment of congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and other maladies. However, toxicity and the small therapeutic window of this family of steroids limit their use. Therefore, attempts to synthesize a potent, but less toxic, CS are of major importance. In the present study, two novel bufalin derivatives were synthesized and some of their pharmacological properties were characterized. The reaction of bufalin with Ishikawa's reagent resulted in the production of two novel bufalin derivatives: bufalin 2,3-ene and bufalin 3,4-ene. The compounds were purified with TLC and HPLC and their structure was verified with UV, NMR, and MS analyses. The biological activities of these compounds were evaluated by testing their ability to inhibit the Na+, K+-ATPase activity of the brain microsomal fraction to induce cytotoxic activity against the NCI-60 human tumor cell line panel and non-cancer human cells, and to increase the force of contraction of quail embryonic heart muscle cells in culture. The two steroids exhibited biological activities similar to those of other CS in the tested experimental systems, but with reduced cytotoxicity, advocating their development as drugs for the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- VishnuPriya Sampath
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Noa Horesh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Ben Sasi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Hiba Zannadeh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilana Pogodin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
| | - Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (V.S.); (N.H.); (B.S.); (H.Z.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (D.L.)
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Leite JA, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Ribeiro MR, de Morais Lima G, Scavone C, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Neuroinflammation and Neutrophils: Modulation by Ouabain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:824907. [PMID: 35173621 PMCID: PMC8841582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids are natural compounds that present many physiological and pharmacological functions. They bind Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modifying cellular ion concentration and trigger cell signaling mechanisms without altering ion balance. These steroids are known to modulate some immune responses, including cytokine production, neutrophil migration, and inflammation (peripherally and in the nervous system). Inflammation can occur in response to homeostasis perturbations and is related to the development of many diseases, including immune-mediated diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the neutrophils role in the general neuroinflammatory response and that these cells can be modulated by cardiac steroids, this work aims to review the possible regulation of neutrophilic neuroinflammation by the cardiac steroid ouabain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Martina Raissa Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanni de Morais Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristoforo Scavone,
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Shao H, Li B, Li H, Gao L, Zhang C, Sheng H, Zhu L. Novel Strategies for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement of Bufadienolides. Molecules 2021; 27:51. [PMID: 35011278 PMCID: PMC8746454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toad venom contains a large number of bufadienolides, which have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory effects. The strong antitumor effect of bufadienolides has attracted considerable attention in recent years, but the clinical application of bufadienolides is limited due to their low solubility and poor bioavailability. In order to overcome these shortcomings, many strategies have been explored, such as structural modification, solid dispersion, cyclodextrin inclusion, microemulsion and nanodrug delivery systems, etc. In this review, we have tried to summarize the pharmacological activities and structure-activity relationship of bufadienolides. Furthermore, the strategies for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of bufadienolides also are discussed. This review can provide a basis for further study on bufadienolides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (L.G.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China; (H.S.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (L.G.); (C.Z.)
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10
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Zhou SW, Quan JY, Li ZW, Ye G, Shang Z, Chen ZP, Wang L, Li XY, Zhang XQ, Li J, Liu JS, Tian HY. Bufadienolides from the Eggs of the Toad Bufo bufo gargarizans and Their Antimelanoma Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1425-1433. [PMID: 33882233 PMCID: PMC9042390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toads produce potent toxins, named bufadienolides, to defend against their predators. Pharmacological research has revealed that bufadienolides are potential anticancer drugs. In this research, we reported nine bufadienolides from the eggs of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans, including two new compounds (1 and 3). The chemical structures of 1 and 3, as well as of one previously reported semisynthesized compound (2), were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data interpretation, chemical methods, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is an unusual 19-norbufadienolide with rearranged A/B rings. A biological test revealed that compounds 2 and 4-8 showed potent cytotoxic activities toward human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-1 with IC50 values less than 1.0 μM. A preliminary mechanism investigation revealed that the most potent compound, 8, could induce apoptosis via PARP cleavage, while 5 and 6 significantly suppressed angiogenesis in zebrafish. Furthermore, an in vivo biological study showed that 5, 6, and 8 inhibit SK-MEL-1 cell growth significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ze-Ping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Škubník J, Pavlíčková V, Rimpelová S. Cardiac Glycosides as Immune System Modulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050659. [PMID: 33947098 PMCID: PMC8146282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural steroid compounds occurring both in plants and animals. They are known for long as cardiotonic agents commonly used for various cardiac diseases due to inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) pumping activity and modulating heart muscle contractility. However, recent studies show that the portfolio of diseases potentially treatable with CGs is much broader. Currently, CGs are mostly studied as anticancer agents. Their antiproliferative properties are based on the induction of multiple signaling pathways in an NKA signalosome complex. In addition, they are strongly connected to immunogenic cell death, a complex mechanism of induction of anticancer immune response. Moreover, CGs exert various immunomodulatory effects, the foremost of which are connected with suppressing the activity of T-helper cells or modulating transcription of many immune response genes by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B. The resulting modulations of cytokine and chemokine levels and changes in immune cell ratios could be potentially useful in treating sundry autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to summarize current knowledge in the field of immunomodulatory properties of CGs and emphasize the large area of potential clinical use of these compounds.
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12
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Sun K, Zhu J, Deng Y, Xu X, Kong F, Sun X, Huan L, Ren C, Sun J, Shi J. Gamabufotalin Inhibits Osteoclastgenesis and Counteracts Estrogen-Deficient Bone Loss in Mice by Suppressing RANKL-Induced NF-κB and ERK/MAPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629968. [PMID: 33967763 PMCID: PMC8104077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is a condition of imbalanced bone homeostasis, characterized mainly by excessive bone-resorptive activity, which could predispose these populations, such as the old and postmenopausal women, to developing high risk of skeletal fragility and fracture. The nature of bone homeostasis is the coordination between the osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). Abnormal activation of osteoclasts (OCs) could compromise the bone homeostasis, constantly followed by a clutch of osteolytic diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, it is imperatively urgent to explore effective medical interventions for patients. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) gamabufotalin (CS-6) is a newly identified natural product from Chansu and has been utilized for oncologic therapies owing to its good clinical efficacy with less adverse events. Previous study suggested that CS-6 could be a novel anti-osteoporotic agent. Nevertheless, whether CS-6 suppresses RANK-(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand)/TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6)-mediated downstream signaling activation in OCs, as well as the effects of CS-6 on OC differentiation in vivo, remains elusive. Therefore, in this present study, we aimed to explore the biological effects of CS-6 on osteoclastogenesis and RANKL-induced activation of related signaling pathways, and further to examine the potential therapeutic application in estrogen-deficient bone loss in the mice model. The results of in vitro experiment showed that CS-6 can inhibit RANKL-induced OC formation and the ability of bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner at both the early and late stages of osteoclastogenesis. The gene expression of OC-related key genes such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), CTSK, DC-STAMP, MMP9, and β3 integrin was evidently reduced. In addition, CS-6 could mitigate the systemic estrogen-dependent bone loss and pro-inframammary cytokines in mice in vivo. The molecular mechanism analysis suggested that CS-6 can suppress RANKL/TRAF6-induced early activation of NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, which consequently suppressed the transcription activity of c-Fos and NFATc1. Taken together, this present study provided ample evidence that CS-6 has the promise to become a therapeutic candidate in treating osteolytic conditions mediated by elevated OC formation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhen Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang RX, Zhou M, Ma HL, Qiao YB, Li QS. The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Various Diseases and Anti-inflammatory Therapies Containing Natural Products. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1576-1592. [PMID: 33528076 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a long-term reaction of the body's immune system to noxious stimuli. Such a sustained inflammatory response sometimes results in lasting damage to healthy tissues and organs. In fact, chronic inflammation is implicated in the development and progression of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancers. Targeting nonresolving inflammation thus provides new opportunities for treating relevant diseases. In this review, we will go over several chronic inflammation-associated diseases first with emphasis on the role of inflammation in their pathogenesis. Then, we will summarize a number of natural products that exhibit therapeutic effects against those diseases by acting on different markers in the inflammatory response. We envision that natural products will remain a rich resource for the discovery of new drugs treating diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lai Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
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Qian L, Su H, Wang G, Li B, Shen G, Gao Q. Anti-tumor Activity of Bufalin by Inhibiting c-MET Mediated MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways in Gallbladder Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3114-3123. [PMID: 32231716 PMCID: PMC7097950 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the biliary tract. In recent years, the chemotherapy treatment for gallbladder carcinoma has exhibited obvious characteristics of drug resistance and insensitivity, and one of the main factors is the existence of cancer stem cells. Here in this study, the effect of Bufalin on gallbladder cancer (GBC-SD) cells and the related mechanism were studied. The results indicated that Bufalin could inhibit the growth of gallbladder carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro. According to the biological behavior analysis, Bufalin induced apoptosis, inhibited the propagation, migration and invasion of GBC-SD cells, and blocked cell cycle at the G2/M stage. Besides, Bufalin inhibited the tumor sphere formation capability of gallbladder carcinoma in matrigel, reduced the expression of multiple stemness-associated proteins, including Oct4, Sox2 and the stem cell-surface marker proteins CD133 and CD44. Western blot assay showed that Bufalin inhibited MEK/ERK and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathways by inhibiting the expression of p-c-Met, which in turn affected the expression of apoptosis-related protein Mcl-1, and the invasion-associated proteins E-cadherin, MMP9 and Snail. Bufalin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the GBC-SD cell growth and reduce the self-renewal and characteristic of gallbladder cancer stem cells. It enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and reduced the metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma. In conclusion, Bufalin can be used as a new promising anticancer drug for gallbladder cancer patients who are resistant to traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyuan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Genhai Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Quangen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Khalaf FK, Tassavvor I, Mohamed A, Chen Y, Malhotra D, Xie Z, Tian J, Haller ST, Westfall K, Tang WHW, Kennedy DJ. Epithelial and Endothelial Adhesion of Immune Cells Is Enhanced by Cardiotonic Steroid Signaling Through Na +/K +-ATPase-α-1. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013933. [PMID: 32013704 PMCID: PMC7033897 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have highlighted a critical role for a group of natriuretic hormones, cardiotonic steroid (CTS), in mediating renal inflammation and fibrosis associated with volume expanded settings, such as chronic kidney disease. Immune cell adhesion is a critical step in the inflammatory response; however, little is currently understood about the potential regulatory role of CTS signaling in this setting. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that CTS signaling through Na+/K+‐ATPase α‐1 (NKA α‐1) enhances immune cell recruitment and adhesion to renal epithelium that ultimately advance renal inflammation. Methods and Results We demonstrate that knockdown of the α‐1 isoform of Na/K‐ATPase causes a reduction in CTS‐induced macrophage infiltration in renal tissue as well reduces the accumulation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. Next, using functional adhesion assay, we demonstrate that CTS‐induced increases in the adhesion of macrophages to renal epithelial cells were significantly diminished after reduction of NKA α‐1 in either macrophages or renal epithelial cells as well after inhibition of NKA α‐1‐Src signaling cascade with a specific peptide inhibitor, pNaKtide in vitro. Finally, CTS‐induced expression of adhesion markers in both endothelial and immune cells was significantly inhibited in an NKA α‐1‐Src signaling dependent manner in vitro. Conclusions These findings suggest that CTS potentiates immune cell migration and adhesion to renal epithelium through an NKA α‐1–dependent mechanism; our new findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of this feed‐forward loop may be useful in the treatment of renal inflammation associated with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Amal Mohamed
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute Blood Center of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research Marshall University Huntington WV
| | - Jiang Tian
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
| | - Kristen Westfall
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - David J Kennedy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH
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Zhan X, Wu H, Wu H, Wang R, Luo C, Gao B, Chen Z, Li Q. Metabolites from Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842): A review of traditional uses, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112178. [PMID: 31445132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842) (BGC), a traditional medicinal animal distributed in many provinces of China, is well known for the pharmaceutical value of Chansu and Chanpi. As traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), Chansu and Chanpi, with their broad-spectrum of therapeutic applications, have long been applied to detoxification, anti-inflammation, analgesia, etc. OVERARCHING OBJECTIVE: We critically analyzed the current evidence for the traditional uses, chemical profiles, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control of BGC (Bufonidae family) to provide a scientific basis for future in-depth studies and perspectives for the discovery of potential drug candidates. METHODOLOGY All of the available information on active constituents and TCMs derived from BGC was obtained using the keywords "Bufo gargarizans", "Chansu", "Chanpi", "Huachansu", or "Cinobufacini" through different electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang Database, and Pharmacopoeia of China. In addition, Chinese medicine books from different times were used to elucidate the traditional uses of BGC. Electronic databases, including the "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", "American Museum of Natural History" and "AmphibiaWeb Species Lists", were used to validate the scientific name of BGC. RESULTS To date, about 118 bufadienolide monomers and 11 indole alkaloids have been identified from BGC in total. The extracts and isolated compounds exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects. The literature search demonstrated that the ethnomedicinal uses of BGC, such as detoxification, anti-inflammation and the ability to reduce swelling and pain associated with infections, are correlated with its modern pharmacological activities, including antitumor, immunomodulation and attenuation of cancer-derived pain. Bufadienolides and indole alkaloids have been regarded as the main active substances in BGC, among which bufadienolides have significant antitumor activity. Furthermore, the cardiotoxicity of bufadienolides was discussed, and the main molecular mechanism involves in the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase. Besides, with the development of modern analytical techniques, the quality control methods of BGC-derived TCMs are being improved constantly. CONCLUSIONS An increasing number of reports suggest that BGC can be regarded as an excellent source for exploring the potential antitumor constituents. However, the future antitumor research of BGC needs to follow the standard pharmacology guidelines, so as to provide comprehensive pharmacological information and aid the reproducibility of the data. Besides, to ensure the efficacy and safety of BGC-derived TCMs, it is vital to construct a comprehensive quality evaluation model on the basis of clarifying pharmacodynamic-related and toxicity-related compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Scientific Research & Experiment Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; Anhui China Resources Jin Chan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, China.
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17
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Gohara A, Drummond CA, Tian J, Haller ST, Xie Z, Kennedy DJ. Proinflammatory Effects of Cardiotonic Steroids Mediated by NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1)/Src Complex in Renal Epithelial Cells and Immune Cells. Hypertension 2019; 74:73-82. [PMID: 31132948 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are NKA α-1 (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1) ligands that are increased in volume expanded states and associated with cardiac and renal diseases. Although initiation and resolution of inflammation is an important component of cellular injury and repair in renal disease, it is unknown whether CTS activation of NKA α-1 signaling in this setting regulates this inflammatory response. On this background, we hypothesized that CTS signaling through the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex promotes a proinflammatory response in renal epithelial and immune cells. First, we observed that the CTS telocinobufagin activated multiple proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in renal epithelial cells, and these effects were attenuated after either NKA α-1 knockdown or with a specific inhibitor of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex (pNaKtide). Similar findings were observed in immune cells, where we demonstrated that while telocinobufagin induced both oxidative burst and enhanced Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in macrophages ( P<0.05), the effects were abolished in NKA α-1+/- macrophages or by pretreatment with pNaKtide or the Src inhibitor PP2 ( P<0.01). In a series of in vivo studies, we found that 5/6th partial nephrectomy induced significantly less oxidative stress in the remnant kidney of NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Similarly, 5/6th partial nephrectomy yielded decreased levels of the urinary oxidative stress marker 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in NKA α-1+/- versus wild-type mice. Finally, we found that in vivo inhibition of the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex with pNaKtide significantly inhibited renal proinflammatory gene expression after 5/6th partial nephrectomy. These findings suggest that the NKA α-1-Src kinase complex plays a central role in regulating the renal inflammatory response induced by elevated CTS both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Amira Gohara
- Department of Pathology (A.G.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Christopher A Drummond
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Jiang Tian
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Steven T Haller
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (Z.X.)
| | - David J Kennedy
- From the Department of Medicine (F.K.K., P.D., A.L.K., D.M., C.A.D., J.T., S.T.H., D.J.K.) University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH
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Cheng CS, Wang J, Chen J, Kuo KT, Tang J, Gao H, Chen L, Chen Z, Meng Z. New therapeutic aspects of steroidal cardiac glycosides: the anticancer properties of Huachansu and its main active constituent Bufalin. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 31011289 PMCID: PMC6458819 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the review In the past decade, increasing research attention investigated the novel therapeutic potential of steroidal cardiac glycosides in cancer treatment. Huachansu and its main active constituent Bufalin have been studied in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. This review aims to summarize the multi-target and multi-pathway pharmacological effects of Bufalin and Huachansu in the last decade, with the aim of providing a more comprehensive view and highlighting the recently discovered molecular mechanisms. Results Huachansu and its major derivative, Bufalin, had been found to possess anti-cancer effects in a variety of cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying anti-cancer molecular mechanisms mainly involved anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibition, anti-inflammation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity targeting, the steroid receptor coactivator family inhibitions, etc. Moreover, the potential side-effects and toxicities of the toad extract, Huachansu, and Bufalin, including hematological, gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous and cardiovascular adverse reactions, were reported in animal studies and clinic trails. Conclusions Further research is needed to elucidate the potential drug-drug interactions and multi-target interaction of Bufalin and Huachansu. Large-scale clinical trials are warranted to translate the knowledge of the anticancer actions of Bufalin and Huachansu into clinical applications as effective and safe treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China.,5Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jie Chen
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China.,6Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Kuei Ting Kuo
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jian Tang
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Huifeng Gao
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lianyu Chen
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- 1Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Ning Z, Zhu Z, Wang H, Zhang C, Xu L, Zhuang L, Yan X, Wang D, Wang P, Meng Z. High-intensity focused ultrasound enhances the effect of bufalin by inducing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1161-1170. [PMID: 30863083 PMCID: PMC6388946 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has the potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, owing to the high malignancy and poor prognosis of PC, the use of HIFU therapy alone is not sufficient to impair the progression of PC. Bufalin, a compound extracted from traditional medicine, is known to inhibit the growth and progression of PC cells. However, the effect of the combination therapy of HIFU plus bufalin (HIFU+bufalin) is still uncertain. Materials and methods A colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to measure the growth and induction of apoptosis in PC cells. Western blotting was used to explore the potential mechanism of HIFU and bufalin therapy. The in vivo efficacy of HIFU+bufalin was tested in a MiaPaCa2 xenograft model. Results Bufalin inhibited the growth of PC cells more obviously compared to HIFU. Combining bufalin with HIFU further decreased the growth of MiaPaCa2 cells compared with single therapy in vitro. Flow cytometry results showed that the percentage of surviving MiaPaCa2 cells in the bufalin-treated group and the HIFU-treated group was approximately three-fold and two-fold higher than in the HIFU+bufalin-treated group. Contrasting results were found in Panc-1 cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that HIFU+bufalin treatment elevated PARP expression and increased caspase-8 activation in MiaPaCa2 and Panc-1 cells. HIFU+bufalin significantly reduced the growth of MiaPaCa2 tumors compared with HIFU or bufalin treatment alone. HIFU+bufalin treatment decreased Ki67 staining and increased activated caspase-3 and caspase 8 staining, when compared with HIFU or bufalin treatment alone in mouse tumors. Conclusion HIFU enhanced the effect of bufailn by inducing apoptosis in PC cells. A combination of HIFU and bufalin may be employed as an alternative therapeutic strategy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyu Ning
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhenfeng Zhu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Litao Xu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Liping Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xia Yan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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Khalaf FK, Dube P, Mohamed A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardiotonic Steroids and the Sodium Trade Balance: New Insights into Trade-Off Mechanisms Mediated by the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2576. [PMID: 30200235 PMCID: PMC6165267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1972 Neal Bricker presented the "trade-off" hypothesis in which he detailed the role of physiological adaptation processes in mediating some of the pathophysiology associated with declines in renal function. In the late 1990's Xie and Askari published seminal studies indicating that the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) was not only an ion pump, but also a signal transducer that interacts with several signaling partners. Since this discovery, numerous studies from multiple laboratories have shown that the NKA is a central player in mediating some of these long-term "trade-offs" of the physiological adaptation processes which Bricker originally proposed in the 1970's. In fact, NKA ligands such as cardiotonic steroids (CTS), have been shown to signal through NKA, and consequently been implicated in mediating both adaptive and maladaptive responses to volume overload such as fibrosis and oxidative stress. In this review we will emphasize the role the NKA plays in this "trade-off" with respect to CTS signaling and its implication in inflammation and fibrosis in target organs including the heart, kidney, and vasculature. As inflammation and fibrosis exhibit key roles in the pathogenesis of a number of clinical disorders such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, preeclampsia, and aging, this review will also highlight the role of newly discovered NKA signaling partners in mediating some of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Amal Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Education Building RM 205, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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The Development of Toad Toxins as Potential Therapeutic Agents. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080336. [PMID: 30127299 PMCID: PMC6115759 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins from toads have long been known to contain rich chemicals with great pharmaceutical potential. Recent studies have shown more than 100 such chemical components, including peptides, steroids, indole alkaloids, bufogargarizanines, organic acids, and others, in the parotoid and skins gland secretions from different species of toads. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), processed toad toxins have been used for treating various diseases for hundreds of years. Modern studies, including both experimental and clinical trials, have also revealed the molecular mechanisms that support the development of these components into medicines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers. More recently, there have been studies that demonstrated the therapeutic potential of toxins from other species of toads, such as Australian cane toads. Previous reviews mostly focused on the pharmaceutical effects of the whole extracts from parotoid glands or skins of toads. However, to fully understand the molecular basis of toad toxins in their use for therapy, a comprehensive understanding of the individual compound contained in toad toxins is necessary; thus, this paper seeks to review the recent studies of some typical compounds frequently identified in toad secretions.
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Bufalin attenuates cancer-induced pain and bone destruction in a model of bone cancer. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1211-1219. [PMID: 28840279 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin is a natural anti-inflammatory small molecule. Given the close relationship between inflammation and cancer, many scholars have studied the effect of bufalin on cancer in vitro, but in vivo research is still lacking. A murine bone cancer model was used in this study. We conducted pain sensitive test on mice with bone cancer, by nocifensive behavior, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia. Serum levels of bone loss markers with bufalin treatment were measured by ELISA. Expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) were analyzed in bufalin-treated mice by real-time PCR and Western blot. Cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2) inverse agonist AM630 was administrated to mice with bone cancer together with bufalin. Bufalin relieved cancer-induced pain and bone destruction in the murine bone cancer model. Serum levels of bone loss markers after bufalin treatment were reduced. Bufalin upregulated OPG and downregulated RANKL. The CB2 receptor inverse agonist, AM630, reduced the pain relief of bufalin treatment in the mouse bone cancer model. This study demonstrates that bufalin relieves cancer-induced pain and bone destruction, which is mediated through the CB2 receptor.
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Song T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Han X, Guan S, Zhang X, Chu X, Zhang F, Zhang J, Chu L. Bufalin, a bufanolide steroid from the parotoid glands of the Chinese toad, suppresses hERG K + currents expressed in HEK293 cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:695-700. [PMID: 28755515 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels using the perforated patch recording technique. We measured a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 24.83 μM and maximal inhibitory effect of 39.45 ± 1.14% with bufalin. These findings suggest that bufalin is a potent hERG K+ channel blocker and may provide a new way for understanding Chan Su-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongtao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
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Advanced Role of Neutrophils in Common Respiratory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6710278. [PMID: 28589151 PMCID: PMC5447318 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6710278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, always being a threat towards the health of people all over the world, are most tightly associated with immune system. Neutrophils serve as an important component of immune defense barrier linking innate and adaptive immunity. They participate in the clearance of exogenous pathogens and endogenous cell debris and play an essential role in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases. However, the pathological mechanism of neutrophils remains complex and obscure. The traditional roles of neutrophils in severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), pneumonia, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis had already been reviewed. With the development of scientific research, the involvement of neutrophils in respiratory diseases is being brought to light with emerging data on neutrophil subsets, trafficking, and cell death mechanism (e.g., NETosis, apoptosis) in diseases. We reviewed all these recent studies here to provide you with the latest advances about the role of neutrophils in respiratory diseases.
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