1
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Lane Starr NM, Al-Rayyan N, Smith JM, Sandstrom S, Swaney MH, Salamzade R, Steidl O, Kalan LR, Singh AM. Combined metagenomic- and culture-based approaches to investigate bacterial strain-level associations with medication-controlled mild-moderate atopic dermatitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100259. [PMID: 38779310 PMCID: PMC11109885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background The skin microbiome is disrupted in atopic dermatitis (AD). Existing research focuses on moderate to severe, unmedicated disease. Objective We sought to investigate metagenomic- and culture-based bacterial strain-level differences in mild, medicated AD and the effects these have on human keratinocytes (HKs). Methods Skin swabs from anterior forearms were collected from 20 pediatric participants (11 participants with AD sampled at lesional and nonlesional sites and 9 age- and sex-matched controls). Participants had primarily mild to moderate AD and maintained medication use. Samples were processed for microbial metagenomic sequencing and bacterial isolation. Isolates identified as Staphylococcus aureus were tested for enterotoxin production. HK cultures were treated with cell-free conditioned media from representative Staphylococcus species to measure barrier effects. Results Metagenomic sequencing identified significant differences in microbiome composition between AD and control groups. Differences were seen at the species and strain levels for Staphylococci, with S aureus found only in participants with AD and differences in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains between control and AD swabs. These strains showed differences in toxin gene presence, which was confirmed in vitro for S aureus enterotoxins. The strain from the participant with the most severe AD produced enterotoxin B levels more than 100-fold higher than the other strains (P < .001). Strains also displayed differential effects on HK metabolism and barrier function. Conclusions Strain-level differences in toxin genes from Staphylococcus strains may explain varying effects on HK, with S aureus and non-aureus strains negatively affecting viability and barrier function. These differences are likely important in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Lane Starr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Numan Al-Rayyan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Jennifer M. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Shelby Sandstrom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Mary Hannah Swaney
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Rauf Salamzade
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Olivia Steidl
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Lindsay R. Kalan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Marie Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
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2
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Lu C, Deng S, Liu Y, Yang S, Qin D, Zhang L, Wang RR, Zhang Y. Inhibition of macrophage MAPK/NF-κB pathway and Th2 axis by mangiferin ameliorates MC903-induced atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112038. [PMID: 38621336 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Available online Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, persistent inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema-like lesions and itching. Although topical steroids have been reported for treating AD, they are associated with adverse effects. Thus, safer medications are needed for those who cannot tolerate these agents for long periods. Mangiferin (MAN) is a flavonoid widely found in many herbs, with significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. However, the potential modulatory effects and mechanisms of MAN in treating Th2 inflammation in AD are unknown. In the present study, we reported that MAN could reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and scratching at the lesion site by decreasing MC903-induced levels of Th2-type cytokines, Histamine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, Leukotriene B4, and immunoglobulin E. The mechanism may be related to reductions in MAPK and NF-κB-associated protein phosphorylation by macrophages. The results suggested that MAN may be a promising therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - ShiJun Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - YanJiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - ShengJin Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - DingMei Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - LiJuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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3
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Li N, Oh JH, Suh JH, Jin SP, Lee DH, Lee Y, Chung JH. Impact of fucosyltransferase 1-mediated epidermal blood group antigen H on anti-inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365430. [PMID: 38840912 PMCID: PMC11151169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of the blood group H2 antigen on the membrane of red blood cells determines blood type O in individuals and this H2 antigen serves as a precursor to the A and B antigens expressed in blood types A and B, respectively. However, the specific involvement of ABH antigens in skin diseases is unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the expression of ABH antigens in skin tissue of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and MC903-induced AD-like mice. We demonstrated that the expression of ABH antigen is primarily located in the granular and horny layers of the skin in healthy control individuals. However, in patients with AD, the expression of the ABH antigen was absent or diminished in these layers, while the H2 antigen expression increased in the spinous layers of the affected skin lesions. Then, we investigated the biological function of blood group H antigen mediated by fucosyltransferase 1 (Fut1) in the skin, utilizing an AD mouse model induced by MC903 in wild-type (WT) and Fut1-knockout mice. After the application of MC903, Fut1-deficient mice, with no H2 antigen expression on their skin, exhibited more severe clinical signs, increased ear swelling, and elevated serum IgE levels compared with those of WT mice. Additionally, the MC903-induced thickening of both the epidermis and dermis was more pronounced in Fut1-deficient mice than that in WT mice. Furthermore, Fut1-deficient mice showed a significantly higher production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 in skin lesions compared with that of their WT counterparts. The expression of chemokines, particularly Ccl2 and Ccl8, was notably higher in Fut1-deficient mice compared with those of WT mice. The infiltration of CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells into the lesional skin was significantly elevated in Fut1-deficient mice compared with that in WT mice. These findings demonstrate the protective role of H2 antigen expression against AD-like inflammation and highlight its potential therapeutic impact on AD through the regulation of blood group antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Heon Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liana D, Eurtivong C, Phanumartwiwath A. Boesenbergia rotunda and Its Pinostrobin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dual 5-Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor and Its Mechanistic Study through Steady-State Kinetics and Molecular Modeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38247498 PMCID: PMC10812521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potential targets for suppressing pruritic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, Staphylococcus aureus colonization and oxidative stress worsen AD skin conditions. We aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity, using 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibitions, and the anti-staphylococcal, and antioxidant potentials of several medicinal plants bio-prospected from traditional medicine related to AD pathogenesis. Essential oils and hexane fractions were prepared and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Boesenbergia rotunda hexane extract displayed anti-Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 10 µg/mL) and antioxidant activities (IC50 = 557.97 and 2651.67 µg/mL against DPPH and NO radicals, respectively). A major flavonoid, pinostrobin, was further nonchromatographically isolated. Pinostrobin was shown to be a potent 5-LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 0.499 µM) compared to nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; IC50 = 5.020 µM) and betamethasone dipropionate (BD; IC50 = 2.077 µM) as the first-line of AD treatment. Additionally, pinostrobin inhibited COX-2 (IC50 = 285.67 µM), which was as effective as diclofenac sodium (IC50 = 290.35 µM) and BD (IC50 = 240.09 µM). This kinetic study and molecular modeling showed the mixed-type inhibition of NDGA and pinostrobin against 5-LOX. This study suggests that B. rotunda and its bioactive pinostrobin have promising properties for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desy Liana
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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5
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Baker P, Huang C, Radi R, Moll SB, Jules E, Arbiser JL. Skin Barrier Function: The Interplay of Physical, Chemical, and Immunologic Properties. Cells 2023; 12:2745. [PMID: 38067173 PMCID: PMC10706187 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact barrier function of the skin is important in maintaining skin health. The regulation of the skin barrier depends on a multitude of molecular and immunological signaling pathways. By examining the regulation of a healthy skin barrier, including maintenance of the acid mantle and appropriate levels of ceramides, dermatologists can better formulate solutions to address issues that are related to a disrupted skin barrier. Conversely, by understanding specific skin barrier disruptions that are associated with specific conditions, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, the development of new compounds could target signaling pathways to provide more effective relief for patients. We aim to review key factors mediating skin barrier regulation and inflammation, including skin acidity, interleukins, nuclear factor kappa B, and sirtuin 3. Furthermore, we will discuss current and emerging treatment options for skin barrier conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Baker
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.B.); (C.H.); (R.R.); (S.B.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Christina Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.B.); (C.H.); (R.R.); (S.B.M.); (E.J.)
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rakan Radi
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.B.); (C.H.); (R.R.); (S.B.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Samara B. Moll
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.B.); (C.H.); (R.R.); (S.B.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Emmanuela Jules
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.B.); (C.H.); (R.R.); (S.B.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Jack L. Arbiser
- Metroderm/United Derm Partners, 875 Johnson Ferry Road, Atlanta, GA 30342, USA
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6
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Cabanillas B. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Dermatitis 2023; 34:21-28. [PMID: 36705657 DOI: 10.1089/derm.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that represents the first approved targeted biological therapy for adults, adolescents, and children older than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab binds the shared chain of the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptor blocking the downstream signaling of these cytokines. The clinical improvements induced by dupilumab were associated with remission of the dysregulated immune mechanisms linked with AD. Dupilumab reversed the epidermal barrier defects and improved the global molecular signature of AD. This review seeks to provide an overview on the development of dupilumab as the first target-specific biological treatment for AD, with a description of the clinical trials that have been performed in different age groups, their outcomes, and reported adverse effects. Novel aspects of dupilumab treatment, as well as the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the treatment of AD with dupilumab, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- From the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; and Laboratory of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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7
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The IL-4/-13 Axis and Its Blocking in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195633. [PMID: 36233501 PMCID: PMC9570949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology, intertwining immune dysregulation, epidermal barrier dysfunction, IgE sensitization, environmental factors and genetic predisposition. It has been recently identified that interleukins -4 and -13 play crucial roles in the type-2-driven inflammation that characterizes AD, contributing to its symptomatology. Novel therapeutic approaches that target Th2 cytokines and their respective pathways have been developed, aiming to optimize the treatment of AD.
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8
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Kopalli SR, Annamneedi VP, Koppula S. Potential Natural Biomolecules Targeting JAK/STAT/SOCS Signaling in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144660. [PMID: 35889539 PMCID: PMC9319717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by the dysregulation of cytokines and other immune mediators. JAK/STAT is a classical signal transduction pathway involved in various biological processes, and its dysregulation contributes to the key aspects of AD pathogenesis. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate the immune-related inflammatory responses mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway. JAK/STAT-mediated production of cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP inhibits the expression of important skin barrier proteins and triggers pruritus in AD. The expression of SOCS proteins regulates the JAK-mediated cytokines and facilitates maintaining the skin barrier disruptions seen in AD. STATs are crucial in dendritic-cell-activated Th2 cell differentiation in the skin, releasing inflammatory cytokines, indicating that AD is a Th2-mediated skin disorder. SOCS proteins aid in balancing Th1/Th2 cells and, moreover, regulate the onset and maintenance of Th2-mediated allergic responses by reducing the Th2 cell activation and differentiation. SOCS proteins play a pivotal role in inflammatory cytokine-signaling events that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. Therapies relying on natural products and derived biomolecules have proven beneficial in AD when compared with the synthetic regimen. In this review, we focused on the available literature on the potential natural-product-derived biomolecules targeting JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling, mainly emphasizing the SOCS family of proteins (SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS5) acting as negative regulators in modulating JAK/STAT-mediated responses in AD pathogenesis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkata Prakash Annamneedi
- Convergence Science Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Diseases, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Cabanillas B. Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-From Clinical Trials to Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Dermatitis 2022; Publish Ahead of Print:01206501-990000000-00024. [PMID: 35674510 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that represents the first approved targeted biological therapy for adults, adolescents, and children older than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab binds the shared chain of the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptor blocking the downstream signaling of these cytokines. The clinical improvements induced by dupilumab were associated with remission of the dysregulated immune mechanisms linked with AD. Dupilumab reversed the epidermal barrier defects and improved the global molecular signature of AD. This review seeks to provide an overview on the development of dupilumab as the first target-specific biological treatment for AD, with a description of the clinical trials that have been performed in different age groups, their outcomes, and reported adverse effects. Novel aspects of dupilumab treatment, as well as the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the treatment of AD with dupilumab, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- From the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; and Laboratory of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yeo H, Ahn SS, Jung E, Lim Y, Lee YH, Shin SY. Transcription factor EGR1 regulates the expression of the clock gene PER2 under IL-4 stimulation in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2677-2686.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wang B, Goodman J, Roskos LK. Mechanistic modeling of a human IgG
4
monoclonal antibody (tralokinumab) Fab‐arm exchange with endogenous IgG
4
in healthy volunteers. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:438-446. [PMID: 35023315 PMCID: PMC9007600 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic IgG4 antibodies engage in Fab‐arm exchange with endogenous human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to form monovalent hybrid molecules. A mechanistic population model was developed to quantitatively characterize the dynamic Fab‐arm exchange of tralokinumab, a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody currently being developed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, with endogenous IgG4 in healthy volunteers. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for IgG4 were similar to those of immunoglobulin G1 or immunoglobulin G2 in humans. However, the mechanistically modeled clearance of half molecules is 21‐fold higher, likely due to the loss of avidity for the neonatal Fc receptor. Half molecules of tralokinumab randomly associate with those of endogenous IgG4 to form monovalent hybrid molecules, which became the dominant form of tralokinumab within 1 day postdose in healthy volunteers. As the potency of monovalent tralokinumab is comparable with that of bivalent tralokinumab, the IgG4 Fab‐arm exchange with endogenous IgG4 is not expected to affect the potency of neutralization of interleukin‐13 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Amador Bioscience Pleasanton California USA
| | - Jo Goodman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, R&D Cambridge UK
| | - Lorin K. Roskos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, R&D Gaithersburg Maryland USA
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12
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Topical Application of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-Tang Recovers Skin-Lipid Barrier and Ameliorates Inflammation via Filaggrin-Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Interleukin 4 Pathway. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121387. [PMID: 34946332 PMCID: PMC8708970 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-tang (GGRT) on the skin barrier integrity and inflammation in an atopic dermatitis-like animal model. Materials and Methods: The model was established using lipid barrier elimination (LBE) in BALB/c mice. Ceramide 3B, a control drug, and GGRT were applied to the skin of LBE mice. Gross observation and histological examination were combined with measurement of skin score, trans-epidermal water loss, and pH. The expression of filaggrin, kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) was examined. Results: The effect of GGRT on atopic dermatitis was estimated in silico using two individual gene sets of human atopic dermatitis. In animal experiments, GGRT treatment reduced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, as confirmed via gross and histological observations, skin score, pH change, and trans-epidermal water loss. The expression level of filaggrin increased in the skin of GGRT-treated mice compared to that in the LBE group. The expression levels of KLK7, PAR2, TSLP, and IL-4 were decreased in GGRT-treated mice skin compared to those in LBE mice. Conclusions: We demonstrated that GGRT restored the skin barrier and reduced inflammatory reactions in a murine model of atopic dermatitis.
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Chen X, Yang C, Zeng J, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Lane JA, Wu X, Zuo D. The protective effects of human milk components, 2′-fucosyllactose and osteopontin, against 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Chun J, Lee SM, Ahn YM, Baek MG, Yi H, Shin S, Jung J. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Sihocheonggan- Tang Shapes the Immune Responses of Atopic Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722730. [PMID: 34616298 PMCID: PMC8489559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by complex immune dysregulation and closely related to the gut microbiome. The present study investigated the microbiome-mediated effect of Sihocheonggan-Tang (SHCGT) on AD-like symptoms induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice. DNCB was applied regularly to the ear and dorsal skin of BALB/c mice, and SHCGT was administered orally daily for 2 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the effect of gut microbiome-derived metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), was evaluated in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-treated HaCaT cells. SHCGT alleviated DNCB-induced symptoms of AD and the immune response to AD by decreasing the plasma immunoglobulin E level and splenic interleukin-4, interleukin-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels. The gut microbiome composition and the damaged gut epithelial barrier in mice with AD were also significantly altered by SHCGT, and the reduced SCFA levels therein were elevated. We found that SFCAs directly inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in TNF-α- and INF-γ-treated HaCaT cells. The finding that SHCGT regulates the gut microbiome and improves DNCB-induced AD in mice suggests that this herbal medicine has therapeutic potential in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoo Chun
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Baek
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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15
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Oh JS, Lee SJ, Choung SY. Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions by Restoring Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function in 2.4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced NC/Nga Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093209. [PMID: 34579088 PMCID: PMC8470668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD), a disease characterized by an abnormal immune balance and skin barrier function, has increased rapidly in developed countries. This study investigated the anti-atopic effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) using NC/Nga mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. LE reduced AD clinical symptoms, including inflammatory cell infiltration, epidermal thickness, ear thickness, and scratching behavior, in the mice. Additionally, LE reduced serum IgE and histamine levels, and restored the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 immune balance through regulation of the IgG1/IgG2a ratio. LE also reduced the levels of AD-related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), thymic stromal lymphopoietin, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the serum. Moreover, LE modulated AD-related cytokines and chemokines expressed and secreted by Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells in the dorsal skin and splenocytes. Furthermore, LE restored skin barrier function by increasing pro-filaggrin gene expression and levels of skin barrier-related proteins filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. These results suggest that LE is a potential therapeutic agent that can alleviate AD by modulating Th1/Th2 immune balance and restoring skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Su Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | | | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence:
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16
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You L, Cho JY. The regulatory role of Korean ginseng in skin cells. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:363-370. [PMID: 34025129 PMCID: PMC8134839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest organ in our body, the skin acts as a barrier against external stress and damages. There are various cell types of skin, such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and skin stem cells. Korean ginseng, which is one of the biggest distributions of ginseng worldwide, is processed into different products, such as functional food, cosmetics, and medical supplies. This review aims to introduce the functional role of Korean ginseng on different dermal cell types, including the impact of Korean ginseng in anti-photodamaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-melanogenic, and wound healing activities, etc. We propose that this information could form the basis of future research of ginseng-derived components in skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Allais L, Brisebard E, Ravas N, Briffaux JP, Pallardy M. Skin immune cell characterization in juvenile and adult Göttingen Minipigs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 120:104861. [PMID: 33417970 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin hosts a sophisticated immune system involving responses from both innate and adaptive immune cell populations. Swine skin is close to human skin by its structure, composition and function. In addition, the minipig is considered the model of choice in toxicology studies for drugs applied by the dermal route and developed for both the adult and paediatric indications. However, knowledge on the skin immune system in minipigs, particularly in Göttingen Minipigs, is still limited. The objective of our work was first to characterize the main skin immune populations (Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages and T lymphocytes) in Göttingen Minipigs. In parallel, we compared the skin immune populations from healthy and immunocompromised piglets following oral treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) at 10 mg/kg/day. We also explored other pathological conditions using a contact dermatitis model in minipigs challenged with a sensitizer, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Langerhans cells and dermal MHCIIlowCD163+ cells were increased one month after oral treatment with CsA at 10 mg/kg/day. The contact dermatitis model in Göttingen Minipigs challenged by DNCB suggested migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells as well as T cell recruitment into the skin. These data bring new information in skin immunotoxicology in Göttingen Minipigs and could contribute to a better understanding of the effects of new therapeutic drugs on the developing immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Zu Y, Chen XF, Li Q, Zhang ST. CYT387, a Novel JAK2 Inhibitor, Suppresses IL-13-Induced Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction Via miR-143 Targeting IL-13Rα1 and STAT3. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:531-546. [PMID: 33190168 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease influencing not only children but also adults. It is well-known that AD has a complex pathogenesis without effective therapy. Herein, we explored the function and mechanism of CYT387, a novel JAK2 inhibitor, on epidermal barrier damage. HaCaT cells exposed with high-concentration Ca2+ (1.8 mM) for 14 days were recruited for the model of keratinocytes (KC). The cell model of skin barrier damage was induced by IL-13, and KC markers such as filaggrin (FLG), loricrin (LOR), and involucrin (IVL) were detected to judge the success of the model. In this study, we found that miR-143 was lowly expressed whereas IL-13Rα1 was highly expressed in blood cells of patients with AD, indicating their negative correlation. Moreover, IL-13 treatment down-regulated miR-143 and up-regulated activated JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, which was reversed by CYT387 administration. The dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-143 could directly bind to 3'-UTR of IL-13Rα1, as well as STAT3. Furthermore, the function of CYT387 in the skin barrier damage induced by IL-13 was abolished by miR-143 inhibitor. Thus, CYT387 might alleviate IL-13-induced epidermal barrier damage via targeting IL-13Rα1 and STAT3 by miR-143 to repress inflammation. These findings revealed that the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of CYT387 in AD, which provided evidence that miR-143 may be a novel therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zu
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, No. 5 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Astronautical System Engineering, Beijing, 10076, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, No. 5 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, No. 5 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
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20
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Guo X, Ding C, Lu J, Zhou T, Liang T, Ji Z, Xie P, Liu X, Kang Q. HP-NAP ameliorates OXA-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:416-422. [PMID: 32762390 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1806869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammatory disease characterized by disequilibrium between Th1/Th2 lymphocytes. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) has been reported that it has the potential immunomodulatory effect able to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HP-NAP in AD mice model. METHODS The model of AD was built with oxazolone (OXA) in BALB/c mice, then HP-NAP was used to treat AD by intraperitoneal injection. Ear thickness was measured by a digital thickness gauge. The ears tissues were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α) in ear tissue were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The secretion of IgE, IL-4, and IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Treatment with HP-NAP successfully alleviated the symptoms of AD, such as erythema, horny substance, and swelling. The infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells were significantly reduced following HP-NAP therapy. The secretion of IgE and IL-4 was significantly attenuated following treatment with HP-NAP. Additionally, HP-NAP observably downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression (e.g. IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α) in ear tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, our results showed that HP-NAP possessed the potential to be a novel immunomodulatory candidate drug against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jike Lu
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Zhengzhou Xinzhiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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El-Salamouni NS, Ali MM, Abdelhady SA, Kandil LS, Elbatouti GA, Farid RM. Evaluation of chamomile oil and nanoemulgels as a promising treatment option for atopic dermatitis induced in rats. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:111-122. [PMID: 31782320 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1699054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that remarkably affects the quality-of-life of patients. Chamomile oil is used to treat skin inflammations. We evaluated the efficacy of chamomile oil and nanoemulgel formulations as a natural alternative therapeutic option for atopic dermatitis.Research design and methods: Formulations were developed comprising chamomile oil: olive oil (1:1), Tween 20/80 or Gelucire 44/14 as surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures, propylene glycol (10%w/w), water and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (3%w/w). In-vitro physicochemical characterization, stability testing and in-vivo assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and histopathological examination of skin lesions were conducted in rats induced with atopic dermatitis.Results: Nanoemulgels G1 and X1 which displayed the smallest particle size of 137.5 ± 2.04 and 207.1 ± 5.44 nm, good homogeneity and high zeta-potential values of -26.4 and -32.7 mV were selected as the optimized emulgel. Nanoemulgels were nonirritating of pH value 5.56, readily spreadable, and were physically stable following 10 heating-cooling cycles. Treatment with nanoemulgels showed a two-fold decrease in duration of skin healing and no spongiosis compared to chamomile oil. Levels of biomarkers were reduced after topical application of both nanoemulgels and chamomile oil.Conclusion: Nanoemulgels are a potential cost effective, safe topical carrier system for chamomile in treating atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherien A Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia S Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gihan A Elbatouti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Verschoor D, von Gunten S. Allergy and Atopic Diseases: An Update on Experimental Evidence. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:235-243. [PMID: 31694044 DOI: 10.1159/000504439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, an increasing appearance of allergies and atopic disorders, such as asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis, has been observed. The mechanisms of these disorders remain unclear, and therefore the development of novel therapies is limited. Current treatments are often symptomatic, nonspecific, or may have severe side effects. Further insights into the mechanisms of the underlying disease pathogenesis could reveal novel targets for treatment. In this review, we provide an update on recent basic and translational studies that offer novel insights and opportunities for the treatment of patients with atopic disorders.
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23
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Eichenfield LF, Bieber T, Beck LA, Simpson EL, Thaçi D, de Bruin-Weller M, Deleuran M, Silverberg JI, Ferrandiz C, Fölster-Holst R, Chen Z, Graham NMH, Pirozzi G, Akinlade B, Yancopoulos GD, Ardeleanu M. Infections in Dupilumab Clinical Trials in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Pooled Analysis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:443-456. [PMID: 31066001 PMCID: PMC6533236 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased infection risk, including skin infections and systemic infections. Immunomodulators (e.g., anti-tumor necrosis factors, anti-interleukin [anti-IL]-23, anti-IL-17, Janus kinase inhibitors) increase risk of infections. Dupilumab (a monoclonal antibody blocking the shared receptor component for IL-4 and IL-13) is approved for inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe AD and for moderate-to-severe eosinophilic or oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the impact of dupilumab on infection rates in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS This analysis pooled data from seven randomized, placebo-controlled dupilumab trials in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Exposure-adjusted analyses assessed infection rates. RESULTS Of 2932 patients, 1091 received placebo, 1095 dupilumab 300 mg weekly, and 746 dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks. Treatment groups had similar infection rates overall per 100 patient-years (placebo, 155; dupilumab weekly, 150; dupilumab every 2 weeks, 156; dupilumab combined, 152), and similar non-skin infection rates. Serious/severe infections were reduced with dupilumab (risk ratio 0.43; p < 0.05), as were bacterial and other non-herpetic skin infections (risk ratio 0.44; p < 0.001). Although herpesviral infection rates overall were slightly higher with dupilumab than placebo, clinically important herpesviral infections (eczema herpeticum, herpes zoster) were less common with dupilumab (risk ratio 0.31; p < 0.01). Systemic anti-infective medication use was lower with dupilumab. CONCLUSIONS Dupilumab is associated with reduced risk of serious/severe infections and non-herpetic skin infections and does not increase overall infection rates versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIERS NCT01548404, NCT02210780, NCT01859988, NCT02277743, NCT02277769, NCT02260986, and NCT02755649.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Dermatitis, Atopic/complications
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Double-Blind Method
- Humans
- Incidence
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Placebos/administration & dosage
- Placebos/adverse effects
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Severity of Illness Index
- Skin Diseases, Infectious/epidemiology
- Skin Diseases, Infectious/etiology
- Skin Diseases, Infectious/prevention & control
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, Mail Code 5092, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diamant Thaçi
- Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mette Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Carlos Ferrandiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Zhen Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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Efficacy and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults: A pooled analysis of two phase 2 clinical trials. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2019; 30:529-541. [PMID: 30211823 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a need for new treatment options for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Dupilumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-4 receptor α monoclonal antibody, has recently been approved for this indication. METHODS A pooled analysis of a phase 2a (NCT01548404) and a phase 2b (NCT01859988) study and a subanalysis of the 2b study evaluated the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous dupilumab 300 mg once weekly (qw) and every 2 weeks (q2w) in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. RESULTS Dupilumab significantly improved clinical outcomes in both analyses at week 12. Itch was significantly improved in the pooled analysis as measured by peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, 5-dimension pruritus scale, and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pruritus scores (all p < .0001 vs. placebo at week 12). Sleep loss was significantly improved (SCORAD VAS sleep loss score; p < .0001 vs. placebo at week 12); similar results were shown for the q2w dose. Dupilumab had an acceptable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies, dupilumab qw and q2w significantly improved signs and symptoms of AD at week 12, including improvements in itch and sleep loss. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Subcutaneous dupilumab is an effective new treatment option for adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
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25
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Tezepelumab, an anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized phase 2a clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:1013-1021. [PMID: 30550828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tezepelumab (AMG 157/MEDI9929), a first-in-class monoclonal antibody, targets thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a cytokine that is implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tezepelumab in adults with moderate to severe AD. METHODS In this phase 2a study (NCT02525094), 113 patients were randomized 1:1 to subcutaneous tezepelumab 280 mg or placebo every 2 weeks, plus class 3 topical corticosteroids (TCS). The primary endpoint was the week 12 response rate for a ≥50% reduction in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI50). Secondary endpoints including EASI75, Investigator's Global Assessment, SCORAD 50, SCORAD 75, pruritus numeric rating and 5-D itch scales, and exploratory endpoints (including EASI90) were assessed at weeks 12, and 16 (post hoc). RESULTS A numerically greater percentage of tezepelumab plus TCS-treated patients achieved EASI50 (64.7%) versus placebo plus TCS (48.2%; P = .091). Numerical improvements over placebo were demonstrated for week 12 secondary and exploratory endpoints, with further improvements at week 16. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between treatment groups. LIMITATIONS Greater than expected response rates in placebo-treated patients were possibly attributable to TCS. CONCLUSION Although not statistically significant, numerical improvements over placebo for all week 12 endpoints were demonstrated, with greater week 16 responses.
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26
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Simon D. Recent Advances in Clinical Allergy and Immunology. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:324-333. [PMID: 30399611 DOI: 10.1159/000494931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are of great concern because of their high prevalence, which is still rising in several regions, their impact on patients' physical and psychological health, the huge burden they place on patients' quality of life, as well as the socioeconomic consequences that they cause. Recent research has provided new data on both genetic and environmental risk factors of atopic/allergic diseases. The application of new technologies such as "omics" has allowed a better understanding of the pathogenesis and has helped with the identification of therapeutic targets. Immense progress has been made in developing and applying novel, targeted therapies, for example for asthma and urticaria. Intensive efforts are being made to find biomarkers that help to classify patients, to identify their potential responsiveness to specific therapies, and to monitor the disease severity. Based on recent insights in the pathogenesis of food allergy and drug hypersensitivity, novel strategies for diagnostics, allergen avoidance, and induction of tolerance have been developed. Here, we summarize important findings in the field of clinical allergy and immunology with a special focus on asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, urticaria, angioedema, and drug hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
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Systemic Treatment for Severe Atopic Dermatitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 67:69-78. [PMID: 30159581 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing disease of the skin, characterized by intense pruritus, maculopapular or vesicular erythematous lesions and scaling, sometimes accompanied by oozing, crusts and/or lichenification that has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Prevalence is higher in children, around 15%, and approximately 5% in adults. Before introducing systemic therapy, it is mandatory to review patients' adherence to the correct use of topical treatments (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors or cresoborole) and/or phototherapy. Ensure that environmental measures are being taken care of, irritant or proven allergic substances are not in use and even if the diagnostic is correct. If all is being done and topical treatment with corticosteroid, emollients and phototherapy have not been sufficient to achieve a good control in AD of adults or children patients, it is time to consider systemic agents. Up to now, most of systemic treatments were based on immunosuppressive therapies, being cyclosporine A, the usually first choice for moderate-to-severe AD. Recently, biologic drugs have been developed and approved for AD, as dupilumab, and a whole new group of drugs is giving much hope for patients to have a better control of the disease with less side effects.
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Abstract
Dupilumab (Dupixent®), a subcutaneously administered, fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody directed against the IL (interleukin)-4 receptor α subunit, blocks the signalling of IL-4 and IL-13, two T helper cell type 2 cytokines implicated in the immunopathology of atopic dermatitis (AD). It is the first biologic therapy to have been approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD in the EU and USA. In phase III trials in adults with moderate-to-severe AD who were inadequately controlled with topical medications and/or systemic treatments, such as ciclosporin, or for whom these therapies were not advisable, 16 weeks' treatment with dupilumab as monotherapy or in combination with topical corticosteroids (TCS) improved multiple measures of disease severity, pruritus, sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression, and quality of life compared with placebo. Moreover, the benefits of combination therapy at week 16 were maintained during long-term treatment for up to 1 year. Dupilumab, alone or added to TCS, was generally well tolerated, with low rates of serious adverse events and treatment discontinuations due to adverse events. Common adverse reactions included conjunctivitis, injection-site reactions and oral herpes. Thus, dupilumab represents a valuable new treatment option for adults with moderate-to-severe AD deemed appropriate for systemic therapy, a patient population for whom historically there has been a lack of safe and effective long-term treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Frampton
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
| | - Hannah A Blair
- Springer, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand
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Lin L, Xie M, Chen X, Yu Y, Liu Y, Lei K, Wang D, Zeng J, Zhou J, Zhang L, Zuo D, Sun L. Toll-like receptor 4 attenuates a murine model of atopic dermatitis through inhibition of langerin-positive DCs migration. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1015-1022. [PMID: 29851146 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often associated with skin barrier dysfunction leading to a higher frequency of bacterial and viral skin infections. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on resident skin cells was involved in sensing pathogens and eliciting pathogen-specific innate and adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that TLR4 was linked to AD severity in context of pathogen infection. However, the immune regulatory role of TLR4 in AD remains to be defined. We here investigated the immune regulatory function of TLR4 in AD induced by repeated epicutaneous application of a hapten, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Our results showed that TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/- ) mice exhibited more severe AD symptoms than WT mice after DNCB challenge. The DNCB-treated TLR4-/- mice also displayed higher expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and stronger Th2 response than WT counterparts. Moreover, the skin expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an important potential contributor to allergic inflammation, was significantly elevated in TLR4-/- mice compared with that in WT mice upon DNCB administration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the migration of langerin-positive dendritic cells (DCs) into draining lymph nodes was enhanced in TLR4-/- mice following DNCB challenge, which is partially dependent on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Together, these results determined that TLR4 affected the hapten-induced skin inflammation in the absence of exogenous pathogen infection, suggesting that TLR4 not only regulates infection but also may serve as a modulator of the immune response during AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ledong Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wollenberg A, Howell MD, Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Kell C, Ranade K, Moate R, van der Merwe R. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with tralokinumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:135-141. [PMID: 29906525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13 has an important role in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. Tralokinumab is a fully human mAb that potently and specifically neutralizes IL-13. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in adults with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS In this phase 2b study (NCT02347176), 204 adults were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive 45, 150, or 300 mg of subcutaneous tralokinumab, or placebo, every 2 weeks for 12 weeks with concomitant topical glucocorticoids. Coprimary end points were change from baseline in Eczema Area Severity Index score and percentage of participants with an Investigator's Global Assessment response (0/1 score and reduction of ≥2 grades from baseline) at week 12. RESULTS At week 12, 300 mg of tralokinumab significantly improved change from baseline in Eczema Area Severity Index score versus placebo (adjusted mean difference, -4.94; 95% CI, -8.76 to -1.13; P = .01), and a greater percentage of participants achieved an Investigator's Global Assessment response (26.7% vs 11.8%). Greater responses were found in participants with greater concentrations of biomarkers of increased IL-13 activity. Participants treated with 300 mg of tralokinumab demonstrated improvements in SCORAD, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and pruritus numeric rating scale (7-day mean) scores versus placebo. Upper respiratory tract infection was the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event reported as related to study drug in the placebo (3.9%) and pooled tralokinumab (3.9%) groups. CONCLUSIONS Tralokinumab treatment was associated with early and sustained improvements in AD symptoms and an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, thereby providing evidence for targeting IL-13 in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximillian University, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Rachel Moate
- Clinical Statistics and Data, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular allergology uses pure, mainly recombinant and structurally defined allergen molecules and allergen-derived epitopes to study mechanisms of IgE-associated allergy, to diagnose, and even predict the development of allergic manifestations and to treat and prevent IgE-associated allergies. Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease is almost always associated with IgE sensitization to allergens. However, also non-IgE-mediated pathomechanisms seem to be operative in atopic dermatitis and it is often difficult to identify the disease-causing allergens. Here we review recent work showing the usefulness of molecular allergology to study mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, for diagnosis and eventually for treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. RECENT FINDINGS IgE sensitization to airborne, food-derived, microbial allergens, and autoallergens has been found to be associated with atopic dermatitis. Using defined allergen molecules and non-IgE-reactive allergen derivatives, evidence could be provided for the existence of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated mechanisms of inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, effects of epicutaneous allergen administration on systemic allergen-specific immune responses have been studied. Multi-allergen tests containing micro-arrayed allergen molecules have been shown to be useful for the identification of culprit allergens in atopic dermatitis and may improve the management of atopic dermatitis by allergen-specific immunotherapy, allergen avoidance, and IgE-targeting therapies in a personalized medicine approach. SUMMARY Molecular allergology allows for dissection of the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis, provides new forms of allergy diagnosis for identification of disease-causing allergens, and opens the door to new forms of management by allergen-specific and T cells-targeting or IgE-targeting interventions in a personalized medicine approach.
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Holowacz S, Blondeau C, Guinobert I, Guilbot A, Hidalgo S, Bisson J. Lactobacillus salivarius LA307 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 attenuate skin inflammation in mice. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:299-309. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral probiotics potential for the management of dermatological diseases is vast. However, results of available studies in skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), are inconsistent, partly because probiotic effects are strain specific. Careful selection of probiotic strains is therefore indispensable to ensure efficacy of treatment. In this study, Lactobacillus salivarius LA307, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305 and Bifidobacterium bifidum PI22, three strains that were previously identified for their interesting immunomodulatory properties in allergy and/or colitis models, were assessed in the prevention of chronic skin inflammation induced by repeated applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in hairless SKH-1 mice. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of skin lesions was performed together with measurements of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, IL-22, IL-10 and IL-4. Daily oral treatment with the three strains at the dose of 1×109 cfu/day for 3 weeks limited the development of chronic skin inflammation, the effects being strain dependent. Indeed the two Lactobacillus strains significantly limited the intensity of skin inflammation both at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic observations were correlated to the histological observations and the resulting microscopic score. This limitation of the development of AD-like skin lesions involved the modulation of cytokine production. Treatment with the two Lactobacillus strains induced a decrease in the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-22 and at the opposite an increase in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and also of IL-4. Globally, B. bifidum PI22 had lower benefits. These results obtained in mice suggest that L. salivarius LA307 and L. rhamnosus LA305 could be good candidates for preserving skin integrity and homeostasis via the modulation of the gut microbiota and that their use could be beneficial in dermatological conditions such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Holowacz
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - C. Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - I. Guinobert
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - A. Guilbot
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - S. Hidalgo
- Etap-Lab, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J.F. Bisson
- Etap-Lab, 13 Rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Zhang Z, Zheng W, Xie H, Chai R, Wang J, Zhang H, He S. Up-regulated expression of substance P in CD8 + T cells and NK1R on monocytes of atopic dermatitis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:93. [PMID: 28460633 PMCID: PMC5412038 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large numbers of CD8+ T cells were observed in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin, and monocytes from AD patients showed increased prostaglandin E2 production. However, little is known about the expression of substance P (SP) and its receptor NK1R in blood leukocytes of patients with AD. OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of SP and NK1R in leukocytes of AD and the influence of allergens on SP and NK1R expression. METHODS The expression levels of SP and NK1R in patients with AD were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA and a mouse AD model. RESULTS The plasma SP level was 4.9-fold higher in patients with AD than in HC subjects. Both the percentage of SP expression in the population and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of SP expression were elevated in CD8+ T cells in the blood of AD patients. However, both the CD14+NK1R+ population and MFI of NK1R expression on CD14+ cells were enhanced in the blood of AD patients. Allergens ASWE, HDME and PPE failed to up-regulate SP expression in CD8+ T cells. However, allergens ASWE and HDME both enhanced NK1R expression on CD14+ blood leukocytes regardless of AD or HC subjects. OVA-sensitized AD mice showed an elevated proportion and MFI of SP-expressing CD8+ T cells in the blood, which agrees with the SP expression situation in human AD blood. Injection of SP into mouse skin did not up-regulate NK1R expression on monocytes. CONCLUSIONS An elevated plasma SP level, up-regulated expression of SP and NK1R indicate that the SP/NK1R complex is important in the development of AD. Therefore, SP and NK1R antagonist or blocker agents may help to treat patients with AD. Trial registration Registration number: ChiCTR-BOC-16010279; Registration date: Dec., 28, 2016; retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Zhang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjiao Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo Mining Group Co., LTD. Central Hospital, Zibo, 255120, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Xie
- The PLA Center of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Diagnosing Management, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruonan Chai
- The PLA Center of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Diagnosing Management, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Glycomacropeptide Attenuates Inflammation, Pruritus, and Th2 Response Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Rat. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6935402. [PMID: 28265582 PMCID: PMC5318634 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6935402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, whose incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. The epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), evokes an experimental murine AD-like reaction. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a dairy bioactive peptide derived from hydrolysis of κ-casein by chymosin action. It has anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of GMP administration on DNCB-induced AD in rats. The severity of inflammatory process, pruritus, production of cytokines, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) content were measured, and the histopathological features were analyzed. GMP reduced the intensity of inflammatory process and edema of DNCB-induced dermatitis, with a significant decrease in eosinophils recruitment and mast cells hyperplasia. In addition GMP suppressed the serum levels of total IgE and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in AD-lesions. Besides, the levels of IL-10 were significantly increased. Remarkably, GMP administration before AD-induction abolished pruritus in dermatitis-like reactions in the rats. Taken together, these results indicate that GMP has an inhibitory effect on AD by downregulating Th2 dominant immune response, suggesting GMP as a potential effective alternative therapy for the prevention and management of AD.
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