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Huang P, Zheng B, Li M, Xu L, Rabbani S, Mayet AM, Chen C, Zhan B, Jun H. The Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence Ultrasound S-Detect Technology for Thyroid Nodules. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:3656572. [PMID: 36471665 PMCID: PMC9719421 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3656572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of ultrasound TI-RADS classification used by sonographers with different ultrasound diagnosis experience in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and the diagnostic value of using artificial intelligence ultrasound S-Detect technology in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. 100 patients who underwent ultrasound examination of thyroid masses in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 and were further punctured or operated on were included in the study. Pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate ultrasound S-Detect technology and the value of TI-RADS classification and the combined application of the two in diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid TI-RADS 4 types of nodules, and the consistency of judgments of doctors of different ages is assessed by a Kappa value. There were 128 nodules in 100 patients, 51 benign nodules, and 77 malignant nodules. For senior physicians, the sensitivity of diagnosis using TI-RADS classification combined with ultrasound S-Detect technology is 93.5%, specificity is 94.1%, and accuracy is 93.8%; for middle-aged physicians using TI-RADS classification combined with ultrasound S-Detect technology for diagnosis, the sensitivity is 89.6%, specificity is 92.2%, and accuracy is 90.6%; for junior doctors, the sensitivity of diagnosis using TI-RADS classification combined with ultrasound S-Detect technology is 83.1%, specificity is 88.2%, and accuracy is 85.1%. Regardless of seniority, the combined application of artificial intelligence ultrasound S-Detect technology and TI-RADS classification can improve the diagnostic ability of sonographers for thyroid nodules and at the same time improve the consistency of judgment among physicians, and this is especially important for radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Huang
- Department of Ultrasound and Imaging, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Sajjad Rabbani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University, LCWU, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Beishu Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound and Imaging, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - He Jun
- Department of Ultrasound and Imaging, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Molecular Pathological Characteristics of Thyroid Follicular-Patterned Tumors Showing Nodule-in-Nodule Appearance with Poorly Differentiated Component. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153577. [PMID: 35892838 PMCID: PMC9331311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid follicular-patterned tumors (TFTs) showing nodule-in-nodule (NN) appearance with poorly differentiated component (PDc) but neither invasion nor metastasis are diagnosed as benign nodules. Although PDc exhibits histologically aggressive features relative to the outer nodule (Out-N), its pathological significance remains unclear. TP53 binding protein-1 (53BP1) is a DNA damage response (DDR) molecule that rapidly localizes at DNA double-strand breaks. Using dual-color immunofluorescence with Ki-67, the profile of 53BP1 expression is shown to be significantly altered during diverse tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the malignant potential of PDc at the molecular level. We analyzed the profile of 53BP1 expression and NRAS codon 61 and TERT-promoter (TERT-p) mutations in 16 cases of TFTs showing NN with PDc compared to 30 adenomatous goiters, 31 follicular adenomas, 15 minimally invasive follicular carcinomas (FCs), and 11 widely invasive FC cases. Our results revealed that the expression level of abnormal type 53BP1 and incidence of NRAS and TERT-p mutations in PDc were comparable to FCs, suggesting a malignant potential. Because co-expression of 53BP1 and Ki-67 can be an indicator of altered DDR, the development of PDc in NN may be associated with DDR impairments after harboring NRAS and TERT-p mutations.
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Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Kawakami M, Kudo T, Miyauchi A. Criteria for follow-up of thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasm without molecular testing - The experience of a high-volume thyroid centre in Japan. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:223-229. [PMID: 35133716 PMCID: PMC9304300 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical management of follicular neoplasms (FNs) using molecular testing of thyroid-aspirated materials is not routinely performed in Japan. This article aims to identify low-risk FN nodules that can be followed up without molecular testing. METHODS The relationship between preoperative findings, factors influencing surgical decision, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was examined in 356 thyroid nodules with cytological diagnosis of FN at Kuma Hospital from January to December 2020. RESULTS ROMs of FN with cytology results favouring malignancy (41.2%) were significantly higher than those favouring benign (7.7%) or borderline (8.2%) (p < .001). Moreover, ROMs of FN with ultrasonography results of high suspicion (54.5%) were significantly higher than those with low (4.5%) or intermediate suspicion (0%) (p < .0001). There was a large difference in overall ROM in tumours bordering 30 mm in size (<30 mm; 3.6%, ≥30 mm; 20.0%). ROMs of FNs with a tumour volume doubling rate (TVDR) of 1.0/year or more (28.6%) were higher than those of FNs with a lower TVDR (9.9%) (p < .05). The ROMs of FNs with or without one or more of the following four findings suggestive of malignancy: cytological findings favouring malignancy, ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size ≥30 mm, and TV-DR ≥1.0/year, were 14.6% and 1.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION FNs with no cytological findings favouring malignancy, no ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size <30 mm and TV-DR <1.0/year, are considered low risk and can be followed up without the need for molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawakami
- Medical Information Management Section, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Wan Q, Cao P, Liu J. Meta-Analysis of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound in Judging Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2577113. [PMID: 34840595 PMCID: PMC8616642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2577113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) patients has gradually increased, and it ranks first among all endocrine tumors. TC has no obvious characteristics at the initial stage of onset. Thyroid tumors (TT) have formed when they are discovered, and they are easy to see when they are diagnosed. The disease is confused, so it is necessary to rely on imaging methods for tumor diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), as the most commonly used imaging method in current clinical testing, is simple, safe, highly sensitive, can accurately display tumor conditions, and has high clinical value in the judgment of TC tumors. This article uses meta-analysis to select 63 published studies on CEUS to determine benign and malignant (BAM) TT to analyze and explore its clinical application value. This article understands the analysis of BAM TT and its diagnostic methods, clarifies the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS for TT, imaging methods, and imaging characteristics, and uses statistical analysis to analyze its heterogeneity. In this paper, the meta-analysis of CEUS in judging BAM TT is mainly based on references. The sensitivity, specificity, and difference of CEUS in diagnosing BAM TT are analyzed. Real-time elastography (RTE) is the comparison experiment object, and CEUS is used to compare the diagnostic efficiency, pathological results, and diagnostic efficiency of thyroid nodules in CEUS mode. The results of the study show that the nodule with higher diagnostic sensitivity is the echo feature, with a sensitivity of 97.73%, followed by the halo feature, with a sensitivity of 86.36%. In terms of diagnostic specificity, the boundary feature is the most specific. The specificity is 89.47%. In the judgment of BAM tumor nodules, the most obvious difference is the echo feature, which is as high as 14.09, followed by the acoustic halo feature, and the difference is 10.65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wan
- Ultrasonography Department, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Special Inspection Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Special Inspection Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
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Shindo H, Kakudo K, Inomata K, Mori Y, Takahashi H, Satoh S, Yamashita H. Additional Tissue Sampling Trials Did Not Change Our Thyroid Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061270. [PMID: 33809394 PMCID: PMC7999341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some studies have suggested that the use of additional tissue blocks to diagnose follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) could increase the accuracy of diagnosis and improve prognosis, and entire capsule sampling was recommended for a definitive diagnosis of borderline thyroid tumors in 2016. We conducted a study in 2016 to examine whether additional tissue sampling of the encapsulated follicular tumor increases the diagnosis of malignant cases in our patient cohort. Furthermore, the diagnosis was reclassified according to the 4th edition of the World Health Organization’s classification system. The additional tissue sampling only had a slight impact on our thyroid practice and resulted in no benefits to the patient; therefore, we decided to cease it. Abstract This study aimed to determine whether additional tissue sampling of encapsulated thyroid nodules would increase the frequency of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) diagnoses. We examined thyroid tissue specimens from 86 patients suspected of FTC (84.9% female; mean age, 49.0 ± 17.8 years). The number of tissue blocks created for pathological assessments ranged from 3 to 20 (mean, 9.1 ± 4.1); the numbers in the previous method recommended by the Japanese General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer and additional blocks ranged from 1 to 12 (mean, 6.0 ± 2.8) and from 1 to 8 (mean, 3.1 ± 2.0), respectively. The additional blocks were subsequently examined to determine whether any diagnoses changed from those based on the previous method. Five patients were diagnosed with FTC using the previous method; however, additional tissue blocks led to the diagnosis of FTC in 6 patients, as 1 diagnosis was revised from follicular adenoma to FTC. It has been reported that increasing the number of tissue blocks used for pathological assessments can increase the frequency of FTC diagnoses; however, this was not clinically significant in thyroid carcinoma, which requires completion thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment. It resulted in no benefits to the patient because all minimally invasive FTCs, follicular tumors of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), and follicular adenomas are treated with lobectomy alone in Japan. Additional tissue sampling only had a slight impact on our thyroid practice; therefore, we decided to cease it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakazu Shindo
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-9-2281-1300
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Thyroid Disease Center, Department of Pathology, City General Hospital, Osaka 594-0073, Japan;
| | - Keiko Inomata
- Department of Pathology, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (H.Y.)
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Kwon MR, Shin JH, Park H, Cho H, Kim E, Hahn SY. Radiomics Based on Thyroid Ultrasound Can Predict Distant Metastasis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2156. [PMID: 32650493 PMCID: PMC7408789 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether radiomics analysis based on gray-scale ultrasound (US) can predict distant metastasis of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). We retrospectively included 35 consecutive FTCs with distant metastases and 134 FTCs without distant metastasis. We extracted a total of 60 radiomics features derived from the first order, shape, gray-level cooccurrence matrix, and gray-level size zone matrix features using US imaging. A radiomics signature was generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and was used to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier in five-fold cross-validation. The SVM classifier showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 on average on the test folds. Age, size, widely invasive histology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases on pathology, nodule-in-nodule appearance, marked hypoechogenicity, and rim calcification on the US were significantly more frequent among FTCs with distant metastasis compared to those without metastasis (p < 0.05). Radiomics signature and widely invasive histology were significantly associated with distant metastasis on multivariate analysis (p < 0.01 and p = 0.003). The classifier using the results of the multivariate analysis showed an AUC of 0.93. The radiomics signature from thyroid ultrasound is an independent biomarker for noninvasively predicting distant metastasis of FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-ri Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Jung Hee Shin
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Hyunjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hwanho Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Soo Yeon Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
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Tugendsam C, Petz V, Buchinger W, Schmoll-Hauer B, Schenk IP, Rudolph K, Krebs M, Zettinig G. Ultrasound criteria for risk stratification of thyroid nodules in the previously iodine deficient area of Austria - a single centre, retrospective analysis. Thyroid Res 2018; 11:3. [PMID: 29760786 PMCID: PMC5941562 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-018-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to study the validity of six published ultrasound criteria for risk stratification of thyroid nodules in the former severely iodine deficient population of Austria. Methods Retrospective, single centre, observer blinded study design. All patients with a history of thyroidectomy due to nodules seen in the centre between 2004 and 2014 with preoperative in-house sonography and documented postoperative histology were analyzed (n = 195). A board of five experienced thyroidologists evaluated the images of 45 papillary carcinomas, 8 follicular carcinomas, and 142 benign nodules regarding the following criteria: mild hypoechogenicity, marked hypoechogenicity, microlobulated or irregular margins, microcalcifications, taller than wide shape, missing thin halo. Results All criteria but mild hypoechogenicity were significantly more frequent in thyroid cancer than in benign nodules. The number of positive criteria was significantly higher in cancer (2.79 ± 1.35) than in benign nodules (1.73 ± 1.18; p < 0.001). Thus, with a cut-off of two or more positive criteria, a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 45% were reached to predict malignancy in this sample of thyroid nodules. As expected, the findings were even more pronounced in papillary cancer only (2.98 ± 1.32 vs. 1.73 ± 1.18, p < 0.001). The six ultrasound criteria could not identify follicular cancer. Conclusion Our findings support the recently published EU-TIRADS score. Apart from mild hypoechogenicity, the analyzed ultrasound criteria can be applied for risk stratification of thyroid nodules in the previously severely iodine deficient population of Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Petz
- 2Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Brigitta Schmoll-Hauer
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, Vienna, AT-1080 Austria.,4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Pia Schenk
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, Vienna, AT-1080 Austria.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Rudolph
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, Vienna, AT-1080 Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, Vienna, AT-1080 Austria.,6Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Zettinig
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse 12/8, Vienna, AT-1080 Austria
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Kobayashi K, Fujimoto T, Ota H, Hirokawa M, Yabuta T, Masuoka H, Fukushima M, Higashiyama T, Kihara M, Ito Y, Miya A, Miyauchi A. Calcifications in Thyroid Tumors on Ultrasonography: Calcification Types and Relationship with Histopathological Type. Ultrasound Int Open 2018; 4:E45-E51. [PMID: 30250940 PMCID: PMC6148317 DOI: 10.1055/a-0591-6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to clarify the prevalence of calcifications within thyroid tumors on ultrasonography as well as the relationship between the calcification and histopathological types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calcifications were classified into 6 (or 8) types according to their shape, size, and region. The prevalence of calcifications and types were investigated in new outpatients and patients who underwent thyroid surgery. RESULTS Among 2,902 nodules in 2,678 new outpatients, 747 nodules (26%) had calcifications. The types showed a wide distribution. Among 941 patients with papillary carcinoma (PC), 725 patients (77%) had calcifications, and the types showed a wide distribution. 18 patients with the diffuse sclerosing variant of PC only showed punctate microcalcifications in the parenchyma (100%), 32 patients with the cyst-forming type of PC mostly fragmentary and massive types (100%), and 161 metastatic lymph nodes from PC mostly punctate microcalcifications and fragmentary types (48%). Among 337 patients with follicular carcinoma, 79 patients (23%) had calcifications, and the types were mostly fragmentary, massive, and egg-shell types. Among 41 patients with undifferentiated carcinoma, 33 patients (80%) presented with calcifications, which were mostly the massive and egg-shell types. Among 137 patients with medullary carcinoma, 99 patients (72%) had calcification, and the types showed a wide distribution. None of 173 patients with primary thyroid lymphoma had calcifications (0%). CONCLUSION Calcifications on ultrasonography can be one of the characteristic findings and a full understanding of the prevalence of calcifications and types will markedly contribute to the ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hisashi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Byoin, Kobe, Japan
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