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Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Otsuka I, Miya A, Miyauchi A, Akamizu T. Utility of solid area diameter in management of cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2024:EC-24-0040. [PMID: 38614121 DOI: 10.1530/ec-24-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with marked cystic formation (CPTC) is not a subtype of PTC, and its clinical characteristics have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to clarify the clinical and pathological characteristics of CPTC and propose important indicators for its clinical management. 33 CPTC nodules with cystic areas occupying >50% of their volume were examined. Two matched controls (AC) were prepared, one with tumor diameter matched for whole tumor diameter (WTD) of CPTCs (WTD-MC) and the other with tumor diameter matched for solid area diameter (SAD) of CPTCs. The mean age of patients with CPTC was 55.2 years and significantly older than that in SAD-MCs. Of the CPTCs, 69.7% were classified as highly suspicious by ultrasonography, and the prevalence was lower than that in WTD-MCs (88.9%) and SAD-MCs (91.2%). Total thyroidectomy was performed in 69.7% of CPTC cases, which was significantly less frequent than that in WDT-MCs (91.7%), and similar to that in SAD-MCs (76.1%). Histologically, CPTCs exhibited two characteristic findings: invasion from the solid area into the surrounding normal thyroid tissue and granulation tissue around the cystic wall. The frequencies of the cases with pathological lateral node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and Ki-67 labeling index ≥5% in CPTCs were significantly lower than those in WTD-MCs and relatively similar with that in SAD-MCs. In the surgical strategy and prognosis of CPTC, the evaluation of tumor size is based on SAD rather than on WTD. We advocate measuring not only WTD but also SAD in CPTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- A Suzuki, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- M Hirokawa, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Otsuka
- I Otsuka, Secretary Section, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miya
- A Miya, Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- A Miyauchi, Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Akamizu
- T Akamizu, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Suzuki A, Nojima S, Tahara S, Motooka D, Kohara M, Okuzaki D, Hirokawa M, Morii E. Identification of invasive subpopulations using spatial transcriptome analysis in thyroid follicular tumors. J Pathol Transl Med 2024; 58:22-28. [PMID: 38229431 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2023.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular tumors include follicular thyroid adenomas and carcinomas; however, it is difficult to distinguish between the two when the cytology or biopsy material is obtained from a portion of the tumor. The presence or absence of invasion in the resected material is used to differentiate between adenomas and carcinomas, which often results in the unnecessary removal of the adenomas. If nodules that may be follicular thyroid carcinomas are identified preoperatively, active surveillance of other nodules as adenomas is possible, which reduces the risk of surgical complications and the expenses incurred during medical treatment. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers in the invasive subpopulation of follicular tumor cells. METHODS We performed a spatial transcriptome analysis of a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma and examined the dynamics of CD74 expression in 36 cases. RESULTS We identified a subpopulation in a region close to the invasive area, and this subpopulation expressed high levels of CD74. Immunohistochemically, CD74 was highly expressed in the invasive and peripheral areas of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Although high CD74 expression has been reported in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, it has not been analyzed in follicular thyroid carcinomas. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of CD74 expression in thyroid tumors has not yet been reported. The CD74-positive subpopulation identified in this study may be useful in predicting invasion of follicular thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kohara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Yamao N, Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Ishisaka T, Miyauchi A, Akamizu T. High-grade medullary thyroid carcinoma with papillary-like nuclear features: A report of five cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:58-64. [PMID: 37846174 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with papillary-like nuclear features has not been previously described. Here, we aimed to describe the unique features of MTC and examine their prognostic value as markers of high-grade MTC. METHODS Of the 110 MTC patients reviewed, a total of five (4.5%) who exhibited MTC with papillary-like nuclear features based on observations from cytological preparations were included in this study. Papillary-like nuclear features were defined as exhibiting all of the following characteristics: ground-glass chromatin pattern, grooves, indented membrane, and lobulation. RESULTS The patients included four females and one male, with a median age of 70 years. Calcitonin-doubling times for patients 1 and 3 were 0.8 and 0.34 years, respectively. Cytologically, patients 4 and 5 displayed a Ki-67 labeling index of 5.1% and necrotic cells, respectively. All three histologically evaluated patients exhibited papillary-like nuclear features and a Ki-67 labeling index of >5.0%. Patients 1 and 3 had mitotic counts of ≥5 per 2 mm2 . The MTC in all five patients was classified as high-grade. Moreover, patient 1 harbored a RET mutation (M918T), while RET (R912W), BRAF (V600E), and CTNNB1 (S33F, T41I) mutations were present in patient 2. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that papillary-like nuclear features in MTC may be associated with high-grade tumors. These findings may be cytologically indicative of high-grade tumors other than necrosis or mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamao
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomo Ishisaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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4
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Maezawa M, Inoue M, Satake R, Wakabayashi W, Oura K, Goto F, Miyasaka K, Hirofuji S, Iwata M, Suzuki T, Tanaka H, Nishida S, Shimizu S, Suzuki A, Iguchi K, Nakamura M. Effect of acid suppressant medications on the laxative action of magnesium preparations in patients with opioid-induced constipation: A pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Pharmazie 2023; 78:245-250. [PMID: 38178284 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2023.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Magnesium oxide is widely used for treating opioid-induced constipation, a serious analgesic-associated problem. Opioid analgesic users are often prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are sometimes combined with acid suppressants to prevent gastrointestinal adverse events. Magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants may diminish magnesium preparations' laxative effect. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants on the incidence of opioid-induced constipation by using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. Methods: Adverse events were defined per the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities; the term 'constipation (preferred term code: 10010774)' was used for analysis. After adjusting for patient background factors using propensity score matching, acid suppressants' effect on constipation incidence was evaluated in opioid users prescribed magnesium preparations alone as laxatives by using a test for independence. Key Findings: The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System contains 14,475,614 reports for January 2004 to December 2021. Significantly increased constipation incidence was related to magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants, especially proton pump inhibitors (P < 0.0001, McNemar's test). Conclusion: Magnesium preparations combined with acid suppressants may diminish magnesium preparations' laxative effect; healthcare professionals should pay attention to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maezawa
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical Universit
| | - M Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - R Satake
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - W Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics , Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - K Oura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - F Goto
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - K Miyasaka
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - S Hirofuji
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - M Iwata
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Kifune Pharmacy
| | - T Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Gifu Prefectural Government
| | - H Tanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Chubu Yakuhin Co. Ltd
| | - S Nishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital
| | - S Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital
| | - K Iguchi
- Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Corresponding author: Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan mnakamura@gifu-pu. ac. jp
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5
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Nojima S, Kadoi T, Suzuki A, Kato C, Ishida S, Kido K, Fujita K, Okuno Y, Hirokawa M, Terayama K, Morii E. Deep Learning-Based Differential Diagnosis of Follicular Thyroid Tumors Using Histopathological Images. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100296. [PMID: 37532181 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning systems (DLSs) have been developed for the histopathological assessment of various types of tumors, but none are suitable for differential diagnosis between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular adenoma (FA). Furthermore, whether DLSs can identify the malignant characteristics of thyroid tumors based only on random views of tumor tissue histology has not been evaluated. In this study, we developed DLSs able to differentiate between FTC and FA based on 3 types of convolutional neural network architecture: EfficientNet, VGG16, and ResNet50. The performance of all 3 DLSs was excellent (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.91 ± 0.04; F1 score = 0.82 ± 0.06). Visual explanations using gradient-weighted class activation mapping suggested that the diagnosis of both FTC and FA was largely dependent on nuclear features. The DLSs were then trained with FTC images and linked information (presence or absence of recurrence within 10 years, vascular invasion, and wide capsular invasion). The ability of the DLSs to diagnose these characteristics was then determined. The results showed that, based on the random views of histology, the DLSs could predict the risk of FTC recurrence, vascular invasion, and wide capsular invasion with a certain level of accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.67 ± 0.13, 0.62 ± 0.11, and 0.65 ± 0.09, respectively). Further improvement of our DLSs could lead to the establishment of automated differential diagnosis systems requiring only biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tokimu Kadoi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kato
- International College of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishida
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kansuke Kido
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kei Terayama
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; International College of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Abe K, Akhlaq N, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alonso Monsalve S, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Arihara T, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Bench F, Berardi V, Berns L, Bhadra S, Blanchet A, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bonus T, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Bravar A, Bronner C, Bron S, Bubak A, Buizza Avanzini M, Caballero JA, Calabria NF, Cao S, Carabadjac D, Carter AJ, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chakrani J, Cherdack D, Chong PS, Christodoulou G, Chvirova A, Cicerchia M, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Cudd A, Dalmazzone C, Daret T, Davydov YI, De Roeck A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Delogu CC, Densham C, Dergacheva A, Di Lodovico F, Dolan S, Douqa D, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Dygnarowicz K, Eguchi A, Emery-Schrenk S, Erofeev G, Ershova A, Eurin G, Fedorova D, Fedotov S, Feltre M, Finch AJ, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fiorillo G, Fitton MD, Franco Patiño JM, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Giannessi L, Giganti C, Glagolev V, Gonin M, González Rosa J, Goodman EAG, Gorin A, Grassi M, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Harris DA, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hassani S, Hastings NC, Hayato Y, Henaff D, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Holin A, Holvey T, Hong Van NT, Honjo T, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishitsuka M, Israel HT, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Izumi N, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang JJ, Jonsson P, Joshi S, Jung CK, Jurj PB, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katayama Y, Katori T, Kawaue M, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kikutani H, King S, Kiseeva V, Kisiel J, Kobata T, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Kodama S, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Koto T, Kowalik K, Kudenko Y, Kudo Y, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, La Commara M, Labarga L, Lachner K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Lamers James M, Lamoureux M, Langella A, Laporte JF, Last D, Latham N, Laveder M, Lavitola L, Lawe M, Lee Y, Lin C, Lin SK, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li W, Longhin A, Long KR, Lopez Moreno A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Mandal M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin DGR, Martini M, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matveev V, Mauger C, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCauley N, McElwee J, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McKean J, Mefodiev A, Megias GD, Mehta P, Mellet L, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Miller E, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Molina Bueno L, Moriyama S, Moriyama S, Morrison P, Mueller TA, Munford D, Munteanu L, Nagai K, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakagiri K, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura H, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakano Y, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Naseby CER, Ngoc TV, Nguyen VQ, Niewczas K, Nishimori S, Nishimura Y, Nishizaki K, Nosek T, Nova F, Novella P, Nugent JC, O’Keeffe HM, O’Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Ogawa T, Okada R, Okinaga W, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Ospina N, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Paolone V, Pari M, Parlone J, Parsa S, Pasternak J, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pershey D, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Prabhu YS, Pupilli F, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ramírez MA, Ratoff PN, Reh M, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Roy N, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Santucci G, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Skrobova N, Skwarczynski K, Smyczek D, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Speers AJ, Spina R, Suslov IA, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tairafune S, Takayasu S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Takifuji K, Tanaka HK, Tanihara Y, Tani M, Teklu A, Tereshchenko VV, Teshima N, Thamm N, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vagins M, Vargas D, Varghese M, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Villa E, Vinning WGS, Virginet U, Vladisavljevic T, Wachala T, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wan L, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wood K, Wret C, Xia J, Xu YH, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yershov N, Yevarouskaya U, Yokoyama M, Yoshimoto Y, Yoshimura N, Yu M, Zaki R, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Zhao X, Zhu T, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - N. Akhlaq
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - A. Ali
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Antonova
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Arihara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Asada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Ashida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. T. Atkin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Barbi
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - G. J. Barker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - F. Bench
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V. Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Berns
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Bhadra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Blanchet
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Blondel
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bonus
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Bordoni
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Bravar
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Bronner
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Bron
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. Bubak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Buizza Avanzini
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. A. Caballero
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - N. F. Calabria
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - D. Carabadjac
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. J. Carter
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - S. L. Cartwright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cervera
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Chakrani
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Cherdack
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. S. Chong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A. Chvirova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Cicerchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - J. Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Cudd
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Dalmazzone
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T. Daret
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yu. I. Davydov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Dealtry
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C. C. Delogu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Densham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Dergacheva
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D. Douqa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Doyle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - O. Drapier
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. Dumarchez
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Dunne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K. Dygnarowicz
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Eguchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Emery-Schrenk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Erofeev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Ershova
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Fedorova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Fedotov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Feltre
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. J. Finch
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - G. Fiorillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. D. Fitton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - J. M. Franco Patiño
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fujii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - K. Fusshoeller
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Giannessi
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Giganti
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - V. Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - J. González Rosa
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E. A. G. Goodman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Gorin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Grassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D. R. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. T. Haigh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - D. A. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. Hartz
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Hassani
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. C. Hastings
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Hayato
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - D. Henaff
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Hiramoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Hogan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - J. Holeczek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Holin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Holvey
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - N. T. Hong Van
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. Honjo
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - F. Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - M. Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - H. T. Israel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. Iwamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Izumi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. J. Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - J. J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - P. Jonsson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Joshi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. K. Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. B. Jurj
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Kabirnezhad
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. C. Kaboth
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kakuno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Katayama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. Katori
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - M. Kawaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. Kearns
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kikutani
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. King
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - V. Kiseeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - J. Kisiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T. Kobata
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - L. Koch
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Kodama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - L. L. Kormos
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Koshio
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Kostin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Koto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kowalik
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Kudo
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - R. Kurjata
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. La Commara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Lachner
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. Lagoda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. M. Lakshmi
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Lamers James
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Langella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J.-F. Laporte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Last
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Laveder
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Lavitola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Lawe
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. Lin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S.-K. Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. P. Litchfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. L. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - W. Li
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Longhin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. R. Long
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Lopez Moreno
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - X. Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - L. N. Machado
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. Magaletti
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - K. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - A. D. Marino
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - L. Marti-Magro
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - M. Martini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - J. F. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Maruyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - T. Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - V. Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Mavrokoridis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. S. McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - C. McGrew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - J. McKean
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. D. Megias
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Mellet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Metelko
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Mezzetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - A. Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Mine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. Morrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Th. A. Mueller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Munford
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Munteanu
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K. Nagai
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Nagai
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Nakahata
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. D. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Nakayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Nakayoshi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - T. V. Ngoc
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V. Q. Nguyen
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - K. Niewczas
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Nishimori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - K. Nishizaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Nosek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Novella
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Nugent
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | | | - L. O’Sullivan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Odagawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Okada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - W. Okinaga
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - T. Okusawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. A. Owen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y. Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - V. Palladino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - M. Pari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Parlone
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Parsa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Pasternak
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - D. Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. C. Penn
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - L. Pickering
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - C. Pidcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C. Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Popov
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Porwit
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Pupilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Quilain
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - T. Radermacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B. Radics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. A. Ramírez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - P. N. Ratoff
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Reh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Riccio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - E. Rondio
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Roth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Rubbia
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. C. Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C. A. Ruggles
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Rychter
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - F. Sánchez
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Santucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. M. Schloesser
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Seiya
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - H. Sekiya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Sgalaberna
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Shaikhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Shaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Shaykina
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Shiozawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - W. Shorrock
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Shvartsman
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Skrobova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D. Smyczek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - J. T. Sobczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - H. Sobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A. J. Speers
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R. Spina
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I. A. Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - S. Suvorov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Y. Suzuki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - A. A. Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Tada
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Takayasu
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Takeuchi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - K. Takifuji
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - H. K. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanihara
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M. Tani
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Teklu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | | | - N. Teshima
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Thamm
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - W. Toki
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - C. Touramanis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. M. Tsui
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Tzanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Vagins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Varghese
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E. Villa
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Virginet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. G. Walsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Wendell
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. J. Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Wret
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Y.-H. Xu
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C. Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - G. Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - T. Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - U. Yevarouskaya
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Yoshimura
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Yu
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - R. Zaki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Zalewska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. Zalipska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zaremba
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Zarnecki
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - X. Zhao
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Zhu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Ziembicki
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. D. Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Zito
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Zsoldos
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - T2K Collaboration
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
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7
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Suzuki A, Noro R, Omori J, Terasaki Y, Tanaka T, Fujita K, Takano N, Sakurai Y, Suga M, Hayashi A, Okamura K, Saito Y, Kasahara K, Iwakiri K, Kubota K, Seike M. Pulmonary manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease: Two case reports. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 45:101914. [PMID: 37719886 PMCID: PMC10500478 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are a rare extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we herein presented two cases. Case 1: 53-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with mesalazine and azathioprine. Pulmonary nodular shadows were incidentally detected on chest imaging, and revealed granulomas through transbronchial lung biopsy. Case 2: 68-year-old man with ulcerative colitis treated with mesalazine. He presented with fever and respiratory symptoms, and chest imaging showed multiple nodular infiltrates. He was diagnosed with organizing pneumonia by lung biopsy. Both cases were diagnosed to have pulmonary involvement associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to multidisciplinary examination including positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET) and pathological test. Pulmonary manifestations with IBD may not always require discontinuation of drugs or additional use of steroids or immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Omori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuri Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Tanaka A, Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Miyauchi A, Akamizu T. Clinical, cytological, and pathological characteristics of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid: A study of 14 cases at a Japanese single institution. Pathol Int 2023; 73:351-357. [PMID: 37314120 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A preoperative diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid (MRCCT) is important for determining clinical management but is challenging even in cases with a clinical history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical, cytological, and pathological characteristics of MRCCT. Fourteen MRCCT cases extracted from 18 320 malignant thyroid tumors were included in this study. Twelve MRCCT (85.7%) occurred as solitary lesions and the most frequently suspected lesions on ultrasonography were follicular tumors. On cytology, 46.2% of cases were reported as RCC or suspected RCC; a medical history of RCC and immunocytochemistry were helpful in interpretation. RCC metastasized to a follicular adenoma in 50.0% of the solitary lesions. MRCCTs with a long interval from the initial presentation, solitary lesion, and Ki-67 labeling index <10% showed significantly longer disease-free survival. MRCCT is characterized by a long interval from the initial presentation of RCC, appearance as a solitary nodule, ultrasonographic similarity to follicular tumors, sharing cytological findings with primary thyroid tumors, and high frequency of metastasis within follicular adenoma. A long interval from the initial presentation, occurrence as a solitary lesion, and low Ki-67 labeling index may be favorable prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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9
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Hirokawa M, Matsuse M, Mitsutake N, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Hayashi T, Kamma H, Miyauchi A, Akamizu T. Non-hyalinizing trabecular thyroid adenoma: a novel thyroid tumor with diagnostic pitfalls of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:74. [PMID: 37340328 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only one thyroid follicular cell-derived tumor with a purely trabecular growth pattern has previously been described. This report aims to describe the histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of our second case, propose a novel thyroid tumor, and discuss its diagnostic pitfalls. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old female presented with an encapsulated thyroid tumor composed of thin and long trabeculae. No papillary, follicular, solid, or insular patterns are observed. The tumor cells were elongated or fusiform and arranged perpendicular to the trabecular axis. No nuclear findings of papillary thyroid carcinoma and increased basement membrane material were found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for paired-box gene 8, thyroid transcription factor-1, and negative for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and chromogranin A. Inter- and intra-trabecular accumulation of type IV collagen-positive materials was not demonstrated. None of PAX8/GLIS1 and PAX8/GLIS3 and mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, TERT promoter, CTNNB1, PTEN, and RET were detected. CONCLUSIONS We report our case as a novel disease entity called non-hyalinizing trabecular thyroid adenoma, which has the diagnostic pitfalls of hyalinizing trabecular tumor and medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35 Shimoyamate-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan.
| | - Michiko Matsuse
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35 Shimoyamate-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35 Shimoyamate-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35 Shimoyamate-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- Nasu Insititute of Medical Sciences, Nasushiobara, Japan
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10
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Shim J, Ambrose CG, Iwata J. Autophagy Plays a Crucial Role in Ameloblast Differentiation. J Dent Res 2023:220345231169220. [PMID: 37249312 PMCID: PMC10403961 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is generated by ameloblasts. Any failure in amelogenesis results in defects in the enamel, a condition known as amelogenesis imperfecta. Here, we report that mice with deficient autophagy in epithelial-derived tissues (K14-Cre;Atg7F/F and K14-Cre;Atg3F/F conditional knockout mice) exhibit amelogenesis imperfecta. Micro-computed tomography imaging confirmed that enamel density and thickness were significantly reduced in the teeth of these mice. At the molecular level, ameloblast differentiation was compromised through ectopic accumulation and activation of NRF2, a specific substrate of autophagy. Through bioinformatic analyses, we identified Bcl11b, Dlx3, Klk4, Ltbp3, Nectin1, and Pax9 as candidate genes related to amelogenesis imperfecta and the NRF2-mediated pathway. To investigate the effects of the ectopic NRF2 pathway activation caused by the autophagy deficiency, we analyzed target gene expression and NRF2 binding to the promoter region of candidate target genes and found suppressed gene expression of Bcl11b, Dlx3, Klk4, and Nectin1 but not of Ltbp3 and Pax9. Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy plays a crucial role in ameloblast differentiation and that its failure results in amelogenesis imperfecta through ectopic NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Shim
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C G Ambrose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Kakuda T, Naito R, Suzuki A, Hafuka A, Kimura K. Quantitative and qualitative variations of biopolymers in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater throughout 3 years of operation. J Environ Manage 2023; 328:116863. [PMID: 36470001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fouling potential of mixed liquor suspension samples collected from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) that treated municipal wastewater was monitored for more than 3 years. The fouling potential was assessed by batch filtration experiments using the same type of membrane as equipped in the MBR. The fouling potential increased when the temperature of the mixed liquor suspension in the MBR decreased. However, the polysaccharide and protein concentrations in the mixed liquor suspension, which have been focused on many previous studies, did not correlate with the fouling potential (R2 = 0.15 and 0.39, respectively). In contrast, the concentration of biopolymers, quantified by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), exhibited a marked correlation with the fouling potential (R2 = 0.89). A high concentration of biopolymers with large molecular weight (>1 million Da) was likely responsible for the high fouling potential. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the dissolved organic matter in the mixed liquor suspension indicated that the chemical properties of the biopolymers considerably varied with the seasonal temperature variation, which has rarely been reported and gives insights into fouling in MBRs. The effect of temperature on the biopolymer concentration and molecular weight of biopolymers was also investigated in a separate bench-scale experiment in which temperature was controlled. It was clearly shown that a low temperature induced an increase in the biopolymer concentration and an associated increase in the fouling potential of the mixed liquor suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kakuda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Rin Naito
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Akira Hafuka
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kimura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan
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12
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Abe S, Asami S, Eizuka M, Futagi S, Gando A, Gando Y, Gima T, Goto A, Hachiya T, Hata K, Hayashida S, Hosokawa K, Ichimura K, Ieki S, Ikeda H, Inoue K, Ishidoshiro K, Kamei Y, Kawada N, Kishimoto Y, Koga M, Kurasawa M, Maemura N, Mitsui T, Miyake H, Nakahata T, Nakamura K, Nakamura K, Nakamura R, Ozaki H, Sakai T, Sambonsugi H, Shimizu I, Shirai J, Shiraishi K, Suzuki A, Suzuki Y, Takeuchi A, Tamae K, Ueshima K, Watanabe H, Yoshida Y, Obara S, Ichikawa AK, Chernyak D, Kozlov A, Nakamura KZ, Yoshida S, Takemoto Y, Umehara S, Fushimi K, Kotera K, Urano Y, Berger BE, Fujikawa BK, Learned JG, Maricic J, Axani SN, Smolsky J, Fu Z, Winslow LA, Efremenko Y, Karwowski HJ, Markoff DM, Tornow W, Dell'Oro S, O'Donnell T, Detwiler JA, Enomoto S, Decowski MP, Grant C, Li A, Song H. Search for the Majorana Nature of Neutrinos in the Inverted Mass Ordering Region with KamLAND-Zen. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:051801. [PMID: 36800472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The KamLAND-Zen experiment has provided stringent constraints on the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay half-life in ^{136}Xe using a xenon-loaded liquid scintillator. We report an improved search using an upgraded detector with almost double the amount of xenon and an ultralow radioactivity container, corresponding to an exposure of 970 kg yr of ^{136}Xe. These new data provide valuable insight into backgrounds, especially from cosmic muon spallation of xenon, and have required the use of novel background rejection techniques. We obtain a lower limit for the 0νββ decay half-life of T_{1/2}^{0ν}>2.3×10^{26} yr at 90% C.L., corresponding to upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of 36-156 meV using commonly adopted nuclear matrix element calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abe
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Asami
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Eizuka
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Futagi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Gando
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Gando
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Gima
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Goto
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Hachiya
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Hata
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Hayashida
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Hosokawa
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Ichimura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Ieki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Ishidoshiro
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Kamei
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Kawada
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Kishimoto
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M Koga
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M Kurasawa
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Maemura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Mitsui
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Miyake
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Nakahata
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - R Nakamura
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Ozaki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate Program on Physics for the Universe, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Sakai
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Sambonsugi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - I Shimizu
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Shirai
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Shiraishi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Tamae
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Ueshima
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Watanabe
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Research Center for Neutrino Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Obara
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - A K Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - D Chernyak
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - A Kozlov
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Z Nakamura
- Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Takemoto
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S Umehara
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - K Fushimi
- Department of Physics, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - K Kotera
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Y Urano
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - B E Berger
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B K Fujikawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J G Learned
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Maricic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S N Axani
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Smolsky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Fu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L A Winslow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - H J Karwowski
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; Physics Departments at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA; and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; Physics Departments at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA; and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - W Tornow
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; Physics Departments at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA; and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - S Dell'Oro
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - T O'Donnell
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J A Detwiler
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Enomoto
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M P Decowski
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Grant
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A Li
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; Physics Departments at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA; and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - H Song
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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13
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Shirasu N, Sato T, Suzuki A, Nagae Y, Kurata M. Study on chemical interaction between UO 2 and Zr at precisely controlled high temperatures. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2022.2138602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Shirasu
- Nuclear Science Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Sato
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
| | - A. Suzuki
- Research Dept, Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development Co. LTD, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y. Nagae
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M. Kurata
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, Japan
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14
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Suzuki A, Kamio K, Takeno M, Terasaki Y, Taniuchi N, Sato J, Nishijima N, Saito Y, Seike M, Gemma A, Azuma A. Pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by rheumatoid arthritis in a patient presenting with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease and treated with nintedanib: a case report and literature review. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231158279. [PMID: 36872912 PMCID: PMC9989416 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with an unknown etiology and is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in the affected organs. We present the case of a 69-year-old male Japanese patient with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiographs for more than 10 years, left without further investigation. The patient reported no clinical symptoms. Chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities and reticular shadows in both lungs, along with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lymphocytosis was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Pathological examination of transbronchial lung biopsy revealed noncaseating, epithelioid granulomas congruous with sarcoidosis, together with other findings. There were no abnormalities on electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and ophthalmic examination.For progressive dyspnea on exertion, systemic corticosteroid therapy with oral prednisolone (25 mg/day) was initiated in 2017 and gradually tapered. Despite this intervention, the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) was accelerated. Three years later, the patient noticed swelling in his right wrist. Further investigation revealed elevated anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and absence of noncaseating epithelioid granuloma on surgical biopsy, leading to the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thereafter, the anti-fibrotic agent nintedanib was initiated, because interstitial lung disease (ILD) was considered to have converted into a progressive fibrosing phenotype (PF-ILD) with overlapping RA-associated lung involvement. With treatment, the progression of decline in FVC was slowed, although home oxygen therapy was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kamio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 1-383 Kosugi-machi, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi 211-8533, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeno
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Taniuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Junpei Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nishijima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kawasaki-shi, Japan
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15
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Hirokawa M, Niioka H, Suzuki A, Abe M, Arai Y, Nagahara H, Miyauchi A, Akamizu T. Application of deep learning as an ancillary diagnostic tool for thyroid FNA cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 131:217-225. [PMID: 36524985 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze cytology images, but AI has yet to be adopted in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the accuracy of AI-based image analysis for thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to propose its application in clinical practice. METHODS In total, 148,395 microscopic images of FNAC were obtained from 393 thyroid nodules to train and validate the data, and EfficientNetV2-L was used as the image-classification model. The 35 nodules that were classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) were predicted using AI training. RESULTS The precision-recall area under the curve (PR AUC) was >0.95, except for poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PR AUC = 0.49) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (PR AUC = 0.91). Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma had the lowest recall (35.4%) and was difficult to distinguish from papillary thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Follicular adenomas and follicular thyroid carcinomas were distinguished from each other by 86.7% and 93.9% recall, respectively. For two-dimensional mapping of the data using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, the lymphomas, follicular adenomas, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were divided into three, two, and two groups, respectively. Analysis of the AUS nodules showed 94.7% sensitivity, 14.4% specificity, 56.3% positive predictive value, and 66.7% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS The authors developed an AI-based approach to analyze thyroid FNAC cases encountered in routine practice. This analysis could be useful for the clinical management of AUS and follicular neoplasm nodules (e.g., an online AI platform for thyroid cytology consultations).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirohiko Niioka
- Institute for Datability Science Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology Kuma Hospital Kobe Japan
| | - Masatoshi Abe
- Institute for Datability Science Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Institute for Datability Science Osaka University Suita Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahara
- Institute for Datability Science Osaka University Suita Japan
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Abstract
Craniofacial structures change dynamically in morphology during development through the coordinated regulation of various cellular molecules. However, it remains unclear how these complex mechanisms are regulated in a spatiotemporal manner. Here we applied natural cubic splines to model gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression from embryonic day (E) 10.5 to E14.5 in the proximal and distal regions of the maxillary processes to identify spatiotemporal patterns of gene and miRNA expression, followed by constructing corresponding regulatory networks. Three major groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 3,927 temporal, 314 spatial, and 494 spatiotemporal DEGs. Unsupervised clustering further resolved these spatiotemporal DEGs into 8 clusters with distinct expression patterns. Interestingly, we found 2 clusters of differentially expressed miRNAs: 1 had 80 miRNAs monotonically decreasing and the other had 97 increasing across developmental stages. To evaluate the phenotypic relevance of these DEGs during craniofacial development, we integrated data from the CleftGeneDB database and constructed the regulatory networks of genes related to orofacial clefts. Our analysis revealed 2 hub miRNAs, mmu-miR-325-3p and mmu-miR-384-5p, that repressed cleft-related genes Adamts3, Runx2, Fgfr2, Acvr1, and Edn2, while their expression increased over time. On the contrary, 2 hub miRNAs, mmu-miR-218-5p and mmu-miR-338-5p, repressed cleft-related genes Pbx2, Ermp1, Snai1, Tbx2, and Bmi1, while their expression decreased over time. Our experiments indicated that these miRNA mimics significantly inhibited cell proliferation in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells and O9-1 cells through the regulation of genes associated with cleft palate and validated the role of our regulatory networks in orofacial clefts. To facilitate interactive exploration of these data, we developed a user-friendly web tool to visualize the gene and miRNA expression patterns across developmental stages, as well as the regulatory networks (https://fyan.shinyapps.io/facebase_shiny/). Taken together, our results provide a valuable resource that serves as a reference map for future research in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Yan
- Center for Precision Health, School of
Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston,
TX, USA
| | - L.M. Simon
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical
Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical
Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P. Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of
Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston,
TX, USA
| | - J. Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical
Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z. Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of
Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston,
TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public
Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Nagashima T, Inamura K, Nishizono Y, Suzuki A, Tanaka H, Yoshinari T, Yamanaka Y. ASP3082, a First-in-class novel KRAS G12D degrader, exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity in KRAS G12D mutated cancer models. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suzuki A, Oberhauser W, Osticioli I, Riminesi C. Insight into thermally-induced reduction of Plattnerite into red lead pigment. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322090064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Suzuki A, Cantisani E, Ricci M, Vettori S. 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping and micro-Raman analyses for the in-depth characterization of red stains on heritage marbles. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322090088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Farias N, Beckman S, Lee AT, Suzuki A. Simulated Performance of Laser-Machined Metamaterial Anti-reflection Coatings. J Low Temp Phys 2022; 209:1232-1241. [PMID: 36467122 PMCID: PMC9712410 DOI: 10.1007/s10909-022-02751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lenslet-coupled antenna arrays have been used in CMB experiments and are the baseline technology for the next-generation satellite missions such as LiteBIRD and PICO. Lenslets are small hemispherical lenses mounted on the focal plane that couple light to the detectors and are typically made of silicon or alumina due to their high focusing power and low absorption loss. To minimize reflection at the vacuum-dielectric interface, lenslets require anti-reflection (AR) coatings. Metamaterials have been used in large microwave optical components because they avoid any mismatch on the thermal expansion between the lens and its coating, but so far they have only been machined on surfaces of comparatively large radius of curvature. As a first step to understand the feasibility of machining metamaterial AR layers in lenslets through laser-etching for the LiteBIRD mission, a model in ANSYS HFSS was developed. The goal of the simulation was to optimize transmission in three frequency bands while meeting assumed laser machinability constraints and optical requirements. Simulation results from flat silicon show that an AR metamaterial coating made under the assumed conditions is feasible, and the baseline parameters for further curved-surface studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Farias
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Beckman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. T. Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Suzuki
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Yamada N, Sakuma H, Yanai M, Suzuki A, Maruyama K, Matsuki M, Nakagawa N. Unexpectedly high renal pathological scores of two female siblings with Fabry disease presenting with urinary mulberry cells without microalbuminuria. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100874. [PMID: 35782605 PMCID: PMC9248205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the cases of 47- and 45-year-old sisters who were diagnosed with Fabry disease by genomic analysis. Although the only abnormal finding was the presence of mulberry cells in their urinary sediment, the renal pathological scores, which were evaluated by light and electron microscopy, were unexpectedly very high due to severe accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in the glomerular podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. Nephrologists and laboratory technicians should recognize the importance of screening for mulberry cells during urinalysis as this is a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for early diagnosis, leading to early treatment of Fabry disease.
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Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Asano Y, Kodera M, Shirai Y, Akahoshi M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Kazuyoshi S, Motegi S, Yoshifuji H, Yoshizaki A, Kohmoto T, Takagi K, Oka A, Kanda M, Tanaka Y, Ito Y, Nakano K, Kasamatsu H, Utsunomiya A, Sekiguchi A, Niro H, Jinnin M, Makino K, Makino T, Ihn H, Yamamoto M, Suzuki C, Takahashi H, Nishida E, Morita A, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto M, Kondo Y, Goto D, Sumida T, Ayuzawa N, Yanagida H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Endo H, Shima Y, Kumanogoh A, Hirata J, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Koike Y, Tomizuka K, Yoshino S, Liu X, Ito S, Hikino K, Suzuki A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa O, Takehara K, Torii T, Sato S, Okada Y, Mimori T, Matsuda F, Matsuda K, Imoto I, Matsuo K, Kuwana M, Kawaguchi Y, Ohmura K, Terao C. OP0112 THE EVER-LARGEST ASIAN GWAS FOR SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND TRANS-POPULATION META-ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED SEVEN NOVEL LOCI AND A CANDIDATE CAUSAL SNP IN A CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENT OF THE FCGR REGION. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 29 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) in non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions (1-7). While these GWASs have clarified genetic architectures of SSc, study subjects were mainly Caucasians limiting application of the findings to Asians.ObjectivesThe study was conducted to identify novel causal variants for SSc specific to Japanese subjects as well as those shared with European population. We also aimed to clarify mechanistic effects of the variants on pathogenesis of SSc.MethodsA total of 114,108 subjects comprising 1,499 cases and 112,609 controls were enrolled in the two-staged study leading to the ever-largest Asian GWAS for SSc. After applying a strict quality control both for genotype and samples, imputation was conducted using the reference panel of the phase 3v5 1,000 genome project data combined with a high-depth whole-genome sequence data of 3,256 Japanese subjects. We conducted logistic regression analyses and also combined the Japanese GWAS results with those of Europeans (6) by an inverse-variance fixed-effect model. Polygenicity and enrichment of functional annotations were evaluated by linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), Haploreg and IMPACT programs. We also constructed polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict SSc development.ResultsWe identified three (FCRLA-FCGR, TNFAIP3, PLD4) and four (EOMES, ESR1, SLC12A5, TPI1P2) novel loci in Japanese GWAS and a trans-population meta-analysis, respectively. One of Japanese novel risk SNPs, rs6697139, located within FCGR gene clusters had a strong effect size (OR 2.05, P=4.9×10-11). We also found the complete LD variant, rs10917688, was positioned in cis-regulatory element and binding motif for an immunomodulatory transcription factor IRF8 in B cells, another genome-wide significant locus in our trans-ethnic meta-analysis and the previous European GWAS. Notably, the association of risk allele of rs10917688 was significant only in the presence of the risk allele of the IRF8. Intriguingly, rs10917688 was annotated as one enhancer-related histone marks, H3K4me1, in B cells, implying that FCGR gene(s) in B cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Furhtermore, significant heritability enrichment of active histone marks and a transcription factor C-Myc were found in B cells both in European and Japanese populations by LDSC and IMPACT, highlighting a possibility of a shared disease mechanism where abnormal B-cell activation may be one of the key drivers for the disease development. Finally, PRS using effects sizes of European GWAS moderately fit in the development of Japanese SSc (AUC 0.593), paving a path to personalized medicine for SSc.ConclusionOur study identified seven novel susceptibility loci in SSc. Downstream analyses highlighted a novel disease mechanism of SSc where an interactive role of FCGR gene(s) and IRF8 may accelerate the disease development and B cells may play a key role on the pathogenesis of SSc.References[1]F. C. Arnett et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010.[2]T. R. Radstake et al. Nat Genet, 2010.[3]Y. Allanore et al. PLoS Genet, 2011.[4]O. Gorlova et al. PLoS Genet, 2011.[5]C. Terao et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2017.[6]E. López-Isac et al. Nat Commun, 2019.[7]W. Pu et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2021.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Ohshima M, Suzuki T, Suzuki A, Nagata N, Maejima A. Three-dimensional images of ultrasonography in Sjogren's syndrome. QJM 2022; 115:316-317. [PMID: 35333337 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Ohshima
- Department of Rheumatology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan
| | - N Nagata
- Canon Medical Corporation, 1385 Ishigami, Otawara, Tochigi, 324-8550, Japan
- Canon Medical Corporation, 1385 Ishigami, Otawara, Tochigi, 324-8550, Japan
| | - A Maejima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda-izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
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Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Kanematsu R, Tanaka A, Yamao N, Higuchi M, Hayashi T, Kuma S, Miyauchi A. B-cell to T-cell ratio as a novel indicator in flow cytometry in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma. Endocr J 2022; 69:291-297. [PMID: 34670907 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative flow cytometry is recommended to prove the monoclonality and confirm the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma. However, lymphoma cases without light chain restriction may also have monoclonality. The aim of our study was to identify a novel marker for thyroid lymphomas using aspirated materials for flow cytometry. We retrospectively analyzed 26 patients with primary thyroid lymphomas and 16 patients with benign lymphoproliferative lesions. The materials for flow cytometry were obtained by fine-needle aspiration cytology using a 22-gauge needle under ultrasound guidance. Light chain restriction was defined as a κ to λ ratio of less than 0.5 or more than 3.0. According to the light chain-positive rate, 25% or less and more than 25% were classified as the low and high light chain-positive rate groups, respectively. B-cell predominance was defined as a CD19 to CD4 ratio (B- to T-cell ratio) of more than 2.0. B-cell predominance was more frequently observed in lymphomas (88.5%) than in benign lymphoproliferative lesions (25.0%; p < 0.001). Light chain restriction based on the κ/λ ratio was detected in 69.2% of lymphomas, but not in benign lymphoproliferative lesions. Among lymphomas belonging to the low light chain-positive rate group, 88.9% did not exhibit light chain restriction and B-cell predominance was present. In contrast, benign lymphoproliferative lesions with B-cell predominance were not detected in the low light chain-positive rate group. B-cell predominance was a useful indicator for diagnosing thyroid lymphoma in the low light chain-positive rate group without light chain restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Risa Kanematsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
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Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Kawakami M, Kudo T, Miyauchi A. Criteria for follow-up of thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasm without molecular testing - The experience of a high-volume thyroid centre in Japan. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:223-229. [PMID: 35133716 PMCID: PMC9304300 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical management of follicular neoplasms (FNs) using molecular testing of thyroid-aspirated materials is not routinely performed in Japan. This article aims to identify low-risk FN nodules that can be followed up without molecular testing. METHODS The relationship between preoperative findings, factors influencing surgical decision, and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was examined in 356 thyroid nodules with cytological diagnosis of FN at Kuma Hospital from January to December 2020. RESULTS ROMs of FN with cytology results favouring malignancy (41.2%) were significantly higher than those favouring benign (7.7%) or borderline (8.2%) (p < .001). Moreover, ROMs of FN with ultrasonography results of high suspicion (54.5%) were significantly higher than those with low (4.5%) or intermediate suspicion (0%) (p < .0001). There was a large difference in overall ROM in tumours bordering 30 mm in size (<30 mm; 3.6%, ≥30 mm; 20.0%). ROMs of FNs with a tumour volume doubling rate (TVDR) of 1.0/year or more (28.6%) were higher than those of FNs with a lower TVDR (9.9%) (p < .05). The ROMs of FNs with or without one or more of the following four findings suggestive of malignancy: cytological findings favouring malignancy, ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size ≥30 mm, and TV-DR ≥1.0/year, were 14.6% and 1.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION FNs with no cytological findings favouring malignancy, no ultrasonography findings of high suspicion, tumour size <30 mm and TV-DR <1.0/year, are considered low risk and can be followed up without the need for molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawakami
- Medical Information Management Section, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Furutate M, Hirai Y, Miyauchi A. LC-1000 Flow Cytometry System Improves Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules with Suspected Follicular Neoplasm. JMA J 2022; 5:124-126. [PMID: 35224273 PMCID: PMC8826851 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuru Furutate
- PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology Center PCL Inc., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hirai
- PCL Japan Pathology and Cytology Center PCL Inc., Kawagoe, Japan.,Department of Ob & Gyn., Faculty of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
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Suzuki A, Kalusniak S, Tanaka H, Brützam M, Ganschow S, Tokurakawa M, Kränkel C. Spectroscopy and continuous wave laser operation of Tm 3+-doped YScO 3 mixed sesquioxide crystal. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Okamura K, Noro R, Fujita K, Kure S, Kunugi S, Takano H, Miyashita R, Tozuka T, Tanaka T, Sugano T, Sakurai Y, Suzuki A, Suga M, Hayashi A, Saito Y, Kubota K, Seike M, Gemma A. Acute respiratory failure due to Aspergillus niger infection with acute fibrinous and organazing pneumonia: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 37:101641. [PMID: 35368801 PMCID: PMC8968055 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old woman complaining of wet cough, hemoptysis, slight fever, anorexia, and malaise was admitted to hospital with suspected lobar pneumonia. She received treatment for myocardial infarction and deep venous thrombosis caused by familial protein C deficiency. Rapid deterioration due to respiratory failure occurred despite intensive care with broad-spectrum antibiotics. At a later date, sputum examination revealed the presence of Aspergillus niger. Based on clinical and autopsy findings, she was diagnosed with acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary aspergillosis with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. This is the first reported case of pulmonary aspergillosis with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia complicated by calcium oxalate resulting from Aspergillus niger infection, leading to severe inflammation and tissue injury in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine. Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Kazue Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoko Kure
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kunugi
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takano
- Department of Cardiology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryota Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tozuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Miyuri Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Anna Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
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Hirokawa M, Higuchi M, Suzuki A, Hayashi T, Kuma S, Miyauchi A. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Honeycomb-Like Growth: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Diagnostic Significance as a Novel Variant. Pathobiology 2021; 89:107-115. [PMID: 34823252 DOI: 10.1159/000520165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to clarify the clinical and pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with unique honeycomb-like growth (HLG) and discuss its diagnostic significance. METHODS Among the 12,745 PTCs that were resected and histologically diagnosed, 28 PTC cases with HLG components (0.2%) were included. RESULTS PTC-HLG was subclassified into pure (9 cases), which consisted of only HLG components, and mixed (19 cases), which consisted of conventional PTC and HLG components, types. HLG components were histologically characterized by (1) neoplastic cyst aggregation with intervening normal thyroid follicles, (2) the cyst wall composed of single-layered carcinoma cells, (3) low papillary growth, and (4) ball-like granulation tissues. Compared with the mixed type, the pure type occurred in older people (p < 0.05), had a smaller tumor size (p < 0.0001), was more interpreted as being benign by ultrasound (p < 0.05), and had a lower lymph node metastasis rate (p < 0.005). In the mixed type, 44.4% of conventional PTCs showed a Ki-67 labeling index of >5%. All and 10.5% of the mixed type showed lymph node and lung metastases, respectively. CONCLUSION The pure type could be a nonaggressive variant of PTCs with a unique honeycomb growth pattern and tended to be clinically interpreted as benign. The mixed type is pathogenetically different from the pure type and is slightly aggressive compared with conventional PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Ohashi H, Takashima H, Nawano T, Ando H, Nakano Y, Sakurai S, Suzuki A, Suzuki W, Amano T. Differential impact of renal function on the diagnostic performance of resting full-cycle ratio as non-hyperemic physiological assessment. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a gold standard method to evaluate functional lesion severity in daily clinical practice. Recently, the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) was Previous studies showed the better diagnostic performance of RFR comparing with FFR. It is well known that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have poor prognosis. Therefore, we should carefully assess the functional lesion severity in CKD patients. However, it is unclear whether the diagnostic performance of RFR for detecting functional ischemia is similar regardless of the degree of renal function. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of RFR based on renal function.
Method
This study was a prospectively enrolled observational study. A total of 265 consecutive patients with 373 intermediate lesions were enrolled in this study. There were classified into three groups according to renal function (Group 1: eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2; Group 2: 30 mL/min/1.73m2 ≤eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2; Group 3: eGFR <30mL/min/1.73m2). The RFR was measured after adequately waiting for stable condition, while FFR was measured after intravenous administration of ATP (180mcg/kg/min). The discordance between FFR and RFR were assessed the data using known cutoffs for FFR (≤0.80) and RFR (≤0.89).
Results
Of 373 lesions, the median age was 70.1±11.0 years. Functional significance was observed in 153 lesions (41.0%) of all lesions. RFR showed a significant correlation with FFR in each group (Group 1; r2=0.63 [p<0.001], Group 2: r2=0.67 [p<0.001], Group 3: r2=0.51 [p<0.001], respectively). The ROC curve analysis of RFR showed differential results for predicting functional significance (Group 1: AUC 0.88, cut-off value 0.91; Group 2: AUC 0.88, cut-off value 0.89; Group 3: AUC 0.81, cut-off value 0.83; respectively) in each group. The prevalence of discordant between RFR and FFR was significantly different among 3 groups (Group 1: 16.5%, Group 2: 19.4%, Group 3: 25.0%, respectively, p<0.05 for among 3 groups).
Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of RFR was different based on renal function. During RFR acquisition, the degree of renal function could influence concordance with FFR, and should be taken into account when interpreting RFR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohashi
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - T Nawano
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Ando
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Sakurai
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - W Suzuki
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - T Amano
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
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Yoshimura A, Kikuchi N, Suzuki A, Saito S, Hattori H, Nomoto M, Ichihara Y, Hagiwara N, Niinami H, Nunoda S. Prognostic impact of heart mate risk score among elderly heart failure patients with non-responder for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For patients with severe heart failure (HF) who are not eligible for transplantation, there is destination therapy (DT) that uses a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Implantation of LVAD improves HF and can be expected to improve the prognosis of life. Elderly refractory HF patients with non-responders for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may benefit from LVAD as DT. In considering indications of LVAD as DT for the elderly in Japan, conditions such as a low risk of Heart Mate Risk Score (HMRS) have been raised. HMRS has been shown to correlate with mortality in the cohort of LVAD patients enrolled in the Heartmate II trials.
Purpose
Because elderly CRT non-responder refractory HF patients are not indicated for transplantation and may benefit from LVAD as DT in Japan, we aimed to investigate the HMRS and prognosis among elderly CRT non-responders.
Methods
Of 467 patients underwent CRT implantation between 2000 and 2015, 157 were aged 65–75 years old. Of which 59 patients who could be determined to be non-responders based on echocardiographic data were included in this study. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, the secondary was readmission for HF and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy.
Results
The patients' mean age was 68 years, males were 71%. The mean serum creatinine value was 1.1 mg/dl, albumin was 3.8 mg/dl, and BNP was 383 pg/ml. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 26%. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to HMRS. The average of HMRS was 2.2, the low-risk group included 17 (29%) patients, the medium was 22 (37%), and the high was 20 (34%). There was no significant difference in age, LVEF, BNP, and NYHA functional classification at the time of CRT implantation between three groups. In the low-risk group, creatinine and INR were significantly lower, and albumin was significantly higher compared to the high-risk group. BNP tended to be lower in the low-risk group, but there was no significant difference. The mortality rate by HMRS was 12% in the low-risk group, 36% in the medium-risk group, and 50% in the high-risk group. On the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the low-risk group had a significantly lower mortality rate than the high-risk group (Figure). Furthermore, focusing on HF readmission, the rate of readmission was 59% in the low-risk group, 86% in the medium -risk group, and 65% in the high-risk group, and there was no significant difference between three groups. There was also no significant difference in appropriate ICD therapy between three groups.
Conclusion
Approximately 30% of elderly non-responders of CRT are in the low-risk group by HMRS and their mortality was lower than that of the other two groups. These elderly CRT non-responder patients might be considered a candidate for DT in Japan.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoshimura
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kikuchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Hattori
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nomoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ichihara
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hagiwara
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Niinami
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nunoda
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakagawa T, Fukuhara T, Imai K, Igusa R, Yokota H, Watanabe K, Suzuki A, Morita M, Inoue A, Miura M, Minamiya Y, Maemondo M. FP05.05 A Prospective Observational Study of Osimertinib Using Plasma Concentrations in NSCLC With Acquired EGFR T790M Mutation. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fujita Y, Iihara H, Shimokawa M, Sakai C, Ikemura S, Hirose C, Kotake M, Funaguchi N, Gomyo T, Imai H, Hakamata J, Kaito D, Minato K, Arai T, Kawazoe H, Suzuki A, Ohno Y, Okura H. 1673P Efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine for the prevention of carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with thoracic malignancies: A prospective multicenter phase II study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Liu CY, Chen CC, Bychkov A, Agarwal S, Zhu Y, Hang JF, Lai CR, Na HY, Park SY, Li W, Liu Z, Jain D, Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Chia N, Nga ME, Jitpasutham T, Keelawat S, Satoh S, Gunawardena D, Kumarasinghe P, Jung CK, Kakudo K. Constitutive Cytomorphologic Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Different Staining Methods. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081396. [PMID: 34441330 PMCID: PMC8392035 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Accurate preoperative identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is challenging due to a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. However, there is a scarcity of studies describing the cytomorphologic features as seen on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears prepared using different staining methods. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective study on MTC cases with available FNA slides from 13 hospitals distributed across 8 Asia-Pacific countries. The differences in the constitutive cytomorphologic features of MTC with each cytopreparatory method were recorded. A comparative analysis of cytologic characteristics was carried out with appropriate statistical tests. (3) Results: Of a total of 167 MTC samples retrospectively recruited, 148 (88.6%) were interpreted as MTC/suspicious for MTC (S-MTC). The staining methods used were Papanicolaou, hematoxylin-eosin, and Romanowsky stains. Seven out of the eleven cytologic criteria can be readily recognized by all three cytopreparatory methods: high cellularity, cellular pleomorphism, plasmacytoid cells, round cells, dyshesive cells, salt-and-pepper chromatin, and binucleation or multinucleation. An accurate diagnosis was achieved in 125 (84.5%) of the 148 samples whose FNAs exhibited five or more atypical features. Conclusions: The present work is the first study on MTC to compare the morphological differences among the cytologic staining techniques. We investigated the constitutive features and the reliability of diagnostic parameters. A feasible scoring system based upon cytomorphologic data alone is proposed to achieve a high degree of diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Liu
- Division of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-226482121-3741
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-8602, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.); (D.J.)
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Institution of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China;
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-F.H.); (C.-R.L.)
| | - Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (J.-F.H.); (C.-R.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.A.); (D.J.)
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Noel Chia
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.C.); (M.E.N.)
| | - Min En Nga
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.C.); (M.E.N.)
| | - Tikamporn Jitpasutham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid and Parathyroid Clinic, Fukuoka 812-0034, Japan;
| | - Dilini Gunawardena
- School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Priyanthi Kumarasinghe
- School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-0073, Japan;
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Hayashi T, Akiyama N, Kanematsu R, Higuchi M, Suzuki A, Tanaka A, Yamao N, Kuma S, Hirokawa M, Miyauchi A. Potential role of mobile rapid on-site evaluation ® in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology to reduce delayed repeated aspiration. Endocr J 2021; 68:865-870. [PMID: 34121039 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration cytology is time-consuming and requires specialized cytopathology staff. Mobile Rose® is a newly developed device for rapid on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration cytology. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Mobile Rose® in reducing delayed repeated aspiration of the thyroid. A total of 120 cytological samples were collected and observed using Mobile Rose® after fine-needle aspiration cytology between September and October 2020, with immediate assessment of minimal or no cell clusters after conventional smear preparation. After qualifying and scoring, needle washout materials were prepared using the BD CytoRichTM method and correlated with cytology results. The average turn-around time of Mobile Rose® was found to be 1.5 minutes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 94.4%, 100%, 100%, and 57.1%, respectively. False-negative results were attributed to small aggregates of cells that were difficult to distinguish from the background and artifacts. Mobile Rose® may represent an important innovation for rapid on-site evaluation that is fast, has high diagnostic performance, does not require the presence of specialized cytology staff, and can reduce delayed repeated aspiration of the thyroid gland. However, further minor improvements and confirmation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Noriko Akiyama
- Cytology Department, Osaka Cytopathology Laboratories Co., Ltd, Osaka 533-0024, Japan
- Yamachu Co., Ltd, Medical Equipment Research and Development Corporation, Chiba 292-0838, Japan
| | - Risa Kanematsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
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Tedeschini T, Campara B, Grigoletto A, Bellini M, Salvalaio M, Matsuno Y, Suzuki A, Yoshioka H, Pasut G. Polyethylene glycol-based linkers as hydrophilicity reservoir for antibody-drug conjugates. J Control Release 2021; 337:431-447. [PMID: 34329685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an established therapeutic entity in which potent cytotoxic drugs are conjugated to a monoclonal antibody. In parallel with the great emphasis put on novel site-specific bioconjugation technologies, future advancements in this field also rely on exploring novel linker-drug architectures that improve the efficacy and stability of ADCs. In this context, the use of hydrophilic linkers represents a valid strategy to mask or reduce the inherent hydrophobicity of the most used cytotoxic drugs and positively impact the physical stability and in vivo performance of ADCs. Here, we describe the use of linkers containing monodisperse poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties for the construction of highly-loaded lysine-conjugated ADCs. The studied ADCs differ in the positioning of PEG (linear or pendant), the bonding type with the antibody (amide or carbamate), and the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). These ADCs were first evaluated for their stability in solution under thermal stress, showing that both the drug-linker-polymer design and the nature of the antibody-linker bonding are of great importance for their physical and chemical stability. Amide-coupled ADCs bearing two pendant 12-unit poly(ethylene glycol) chains within the drug-linker structure were the best performing conjugates, distancing themselves from the ADCs obtained with a conventional linear 24-unit PEG oligomer or the linker of Kadcyla®. The pharmacokinetic profiles of amide-linked ADCs, with a linear or pendant configuration of the PEG, were tested in mice in comparison to Kadcyla®. Total antibody pharmacokinetics paralleled the trends in aggregation tendency, with slower clearance rates for the ADCs based on the pendant drug-linker format. The above-mentioned findings have provided important clues on the drug-linker design and revealed that the positioning and configuration of a PEG unit have to be carefully tuned to achieve ADCs with improved stability and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tedeschini
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Campara
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Grigoletto
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Bellini
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Salvalaio
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Y Matsuno
- NOF CORPORATION, DDS Research Laboratory, 3-3 Chidori-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- NOF CORPORATION, DDS Research Laboratory, 3-3 Chidori-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - H Yoshioka
- NOF CORPORATION, DDS Research Laboratory, 3-3 Chidori-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - G Pasut
- University of Padova, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Tanaka A, Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Kanematsu R, Yamao N, Kuma S, Hayashi T, Miyauchi A. Clinical significance and cytological detection of tracheal puncture following thyroid fine-needle aspiration: A retrospective study. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:1116-1121. [PMID: 34289253 PMCID: PMC8518374 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background There have been no detailed reports on tracheal puncture after thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to discuss the cytological differential diagnoses of tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA and clarify its clinical significance. Methods Tracheal puncture was defined as aspiration of tracheal components, including ciliated cells, chondrocytes, and goblet cells. A history of air suction or cough during aspiration was also considered tracheal puncture. Among the 18,480 nodules from 13,813 patients that underwent thyroid FNA, 70 (0.38%) nodules with tracheal puncture were retrospectively examined. Eleven thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) and seven bronchial cysts that could exhibit ciliated cells were included in the study to compare the cytological findings. Results Sixty‐six (94.3%) nodules had no clinical evidence of complications during and after FNA. Of the nodules with tracheal puncture, 64.3%, 48.6%, and 51.4% nodules were <1.0 cm in size, located in the isthmus, and associated with calcification. Cytological examination showed that chondrocytes and ciliated cells were present in 94.3% and 32.9% nodules, respectively. Ciliated cells seen in nodules with tracheal puncture and TGDCs were non‐degenerative, whereas those in bronchial cysts were degenerative. Conclusion Tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA is rarely noticed clinically, does not cause serious conditions, and spontaneously resolves. This complication more likely occurs in small‐calcified nodules in the isthmus. Chondrocytes are more reliable diagnostic clues than ciliated cells to indicate tracheal puncture cytologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Risa Kanematsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Kanematsu R, Hirokawa M, Tanaka A, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Kuma S, Hayashi T, Miyauchi A. Evaluation of E-Cadherin and β-Catenin Immunoreactivity for Determining Undifferentiated Cells in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Pathobiology 2021; 88:351-358. [PMID: 34237735 DOI: 10.1159/000516263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An immunohistochemical study has occasionally been performed to diagnose anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, antibodies to confirm the undifferentiated nature of ATC have not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions in immunoreactivity to determine undifferentiated carcinoma cells in the diagnosis of ATC. METHODS We immunohistochemically examined 29 ATCs, 30 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs), 22 well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTCs), and 3 squamous cell carcinomas. Antibodies for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), paired-box gene 8 (PAX8), β-catenin, and E-cadherin were used. RESULTS All WDTCs tested positive for TTF-1, PAX8, and E-cadherin. The positive rates of TTF-1, PAX8, and E-cadherin were 93.3, 93.3, and 100%, respectively, in PDTCs and 17.2, 51.7, and 10.3%, respectively, in ATCs. WDTC expressed the lateral cell membrane staining for β-catenin and E-cadherin, whereas PDTC showed circumferential cell membranous expression (fishnet pattern). β-catenin cell membrane expression in ATCs is lost or discontinuous. Carcinoma cells with β-catenin nuclear expression without cell membranous expression were scattered in 72.4% of ATCs but were not observed in the other carcinomas. CONCLUSION We propose 3 immunohistochemical findings to determine undifferentiated carcinoma cells in the diagnosis of ATC: (1) β-catenin nuclear expression with no or reduced cell membranous expression, (2) the loss or discontinuous pattern of E-cadherin expression, and (3) the loss of PAX8 nuclear expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kanematsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Aki Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
After the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on 11 March 2011, radioactive materials were released into the atmosphere resulting in environmental contamination. Following the implementation of environmental decontamination efforts, the Radiation Dose Registration Centre of the Radiation Effects Association established the radiation dose registration system for decontamination and related workers to consolidate and prevent the loss of radiation records. This article presents statistics on the radiation doses of decontamination and related workers using official records. Since approximately 10 years have passed since the accident in Fukushima, the types of work conducted in the affected restricted areas have changed over time. Therefore, changes in radiation dose for each type of work and comparisons with nuclear workers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogawa
- Radiation Effects Association, 1-9-16 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
| | - T Ueno
- Radiation Effects Association, 1-9-16 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
| | - T Asano
- Radiation Effects Association, 1-9-16 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Radiation Effects Association, 1-9-16 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
| | - A Ito
- Radiation Effects Association, 1-9-16 Kaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
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Chandran M, Mitchell PJ, Amphansap T, Bhadada SK, Chadha M, Chan DC, Chung YS, Ebeling P, Gilchrist N, Habib Khan A, Halbout P, Hew FL, Lan HPT, Lau TC, Lee JK, Lekamwasam S, Lyubomirsky G, Mercado-Asis LB, Mithal A, Nguyen TV, Pandey D, Reid IR, Suzuki A, Chit TT, Tiu KL, Valleenukul T, Yung CK, Zhao YL. Publisher Correction to: Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1277-1278. [PMID: 34043033 PMCID: PMC8192350 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Chandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Singapore General Hospital, 20, College Road, Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - P J Mitchell
- Synthesis Medical NZ Limited, Pukekohe, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Amphansap
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Chadha
- Department of Endocrinology, Hinduja Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - D-C Chan
- Internal Medicine, National University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Chinese Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - P Ebeling
- Department of Medicine in the School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Gilchrist
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Habib Khan
- Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - P Halbout
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - F L Hew
- Department of Medicine, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - H-P T Lan
- Musculoskeletal and Metabolic Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Bone and Muscle Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T C Lau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J K Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Beacon International Specialist Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S Lekamwasam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | | | - L B Mercado-Asis
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - A Mithal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes Division, Mithal, M. Max Healthcare - Pan-Max, Gurgaon, India
| | - T V Nguyen
- Genetics and Epidemiology of Osteoporosis Laboratory, Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Reseach, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Pandey
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - I R Reid
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - T T Chit
- East Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - K L Tiu
- Polytrauma and Fragility Fracture Team, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T Valleenukul
- Department of Orthopedics, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C K Yung
- Department of Endocrinology and Patient Safety Unit, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Y L Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chandran M, Mitchell PJ, Amphansap T, Bhadada SK, Chadha M, Chan DC, Chung YS, Ebeling P, Gilchrist N, Habib Khan A, Halbout P, Hew FL, Lan HPT, Lau TC, Lee JK, Lekamwasam S, Lyubomirsky G, Mercado-Asis LB, Mithal A, Nguyen TV, Pandey D, Reid IR, Suzuki A, Chit TT, Tiu KL, Valleenukul T, Yung CK, Zhao YL. Development of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) Framework: clinical standards of care for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1249-1275. [PMID: 33502559 PMCID: PMC8192320 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Guidelines for doctors managing osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region vary widely. We compared 18 guidelines for similarities and differences in five key areas. We then used a structured consensus process to develop clinical standards of care for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and for improving the quality of care. PURPOSE Minimum clinical standards for assessment and management of osteoporosis are needed in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region to inform clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to improve osteoporosis care. We present the framework of these clinical standards and describe its development. METHODS We conducted a structured comparative analysis of existing CPGs in the AP region using a "5IQ" model (identification, investigation, information, intervention, integration, and quality). One-hundred data elements were extracted from each guideline. We then employed a four-round Delphi consensus process to structure the framework, identify key components of guidance, and develop clinical care standards. RESULTS Eighteen guidelines were included. The 5IQ analysis demonstrated marked heterogeneity, notably in guidance on risk factors, the use of biochemical markers, self-care information for patients, indications for osteoporosis treatment, use of fracture risk assessment tools, and protocols for monitoring treatment. There was minimal guidance on long-term management plans or on strategies and systems for clinical quality improvement. Twenty-nine APCO members participated in the Delphi process, resulting in consensus on 16 clinical standards, with levels of attainment defined for those on identification and investigation of fragility fractures, vertebral fracture assessment, and inclusion of quality metrics in guidelines. CONCLUSION The 5IQ analysis confirmed previous anecdotal observations of marked heterogeneity of osteoporosis clinical guidelines in the AP region. The Framework provides practical, clear, and feasible recommendations for osteoporosis care and can be adapted for use in other such vastly diverse regions. Implementation of the standards is expected to significantly lessen the global burden of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Singapore General Hospital, 20, College Road, Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - P J Mitchell
- Synthesis Medical NZ Limited, Pukekohe, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Amphansap
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Chadha
- Department of Endocrinology, Hinduja Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - D-C Chan
- Internal Medicine, National University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Chinese Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - P Ebeling
- Department of Medicine in the School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Gilchrist
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Habib Khan
- Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - P Halbout
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - F L Hew
- Department of Medicine, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - H-P T Lan
- Musculoskeletal and Metabolic Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Bone and Muscle Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T C Lau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J K Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Beacon International Specialist Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S Lekamwasam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | | | - L B Mercado-Asis
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - A Mithal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes Division, Mithal, M. Max Healthcare - Pan-Max, Gurgaon, India
| | - T V Nguyen
- Genetics and Epidemiology of Osteoporosis Laboratory, Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Reseach, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Pandey
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - I R Reid
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - T T Chit
- East Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - K L Tiu
- Polytrauma and Fragility Fracture team, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T Valleenukul
- Department of Orthopedics, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C K Yung
- Department of Endocrinology and Patient Safety Unit, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Y L Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China
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Vuong HG, Suzuki A, Na HY, Tuyen PV, Khuy DM, Nguyen HC, Jitpasutham T, Abelardo A, Amano T, Park SY, Jung CK, Hirokawa M, Katoh R, Kakudo K, Bychkov A. Application of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the Pediatric Population. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:680-689. [PMID: 33269383 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to provide the Asian experience with the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in pediatric thyroid nodules. METHODS Consecutive thyroid fine-needle aspirates (patient age, ≤18 years) were retrospectively collected from 7 tertiary centers in 5 Asian countries. RESULTS Of 194,364 thyroid aspirates, 0.6% were pediatric cases (mean age, 15.0 years). Among 827 nodules with accessible follow-up, the resection rate and risk of malignancy (ROM) were 36.3% and 59.0%, respectively. Malignant nodules (n = 179) accounted for 59.7% of resected nodules and 21.6% of all thyroid nodules with available follow-up. Compared with the published adult series, pediatric nodules had a higher resection rate and ROM, particularly in the indeterminate categories. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Asian pediatric thyroid nodules had higher ROM than those from adults. The prototypic outputs of TBSRTC may need to be adjusted in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Pham Van Tuyen
- Center of Pathology and Cytopathology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Doan Minh Khuy
- Center of Pathology and Cytopathology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Canh Nguyen
- Center of Pathology and Cytopathology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tikamporn Jitpasutham
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Agustina Abelardo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Laboratories, Philippine General Hospital Medical Center, Manila, Phillipines
| | | | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hamamoto Y, Kukita Y, Kitamura M, Kurashige M, Masaie H, Fuji S, Ishikawa J, Honma K, Wakasa T, Hanamoto H, Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Morii E, Nakatsuka SI. Bcl-2-negative IGH-BCL2 translocation-negative follicular lymphoma of the thyroid differs genetically and epigenetically from Bcl-2-positive IGH-BCL2 translocation-positive follicular lymphoma. Histopathology 2021; 79:521-532. [PMID: 33829512 DOI: 10.1111/his.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Follicular lymphoma (FL), comprising a minor subset of primary thyroid lymphomas, is divided into two groups based on Bcl-2 expression and IGH-BCL2 translocation. The clinicopathological features exhibited by Bcl-2-negative IGH-BCL2 translocation-negative FL of the thyroid (Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFL) are different from those of conventional FL; however, its lymphomagenesis remains unclear. Here, we collected samples from seven patients with Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFL to investigate their epigenetic and genetic aberrations. METHODS AND RESULTS The immunohistochemical profiles of epigenetic modifiers and the methylation status of histones were examined, including EZH2, MLL2/KMT2D, CBP/CREBBP, EP300, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, in Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFL and Bcl-2-positive IGH-BCL2 translocation-positive FL of the thyroid (Bcl-2+ /IGH-BCL2+ tFL). Most Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFLs retained the positivity of epigenetic modifiers and lower expression of H3K27me3, although Bcl-2+ /IGH-BCL2+ tFLs exhibited aberrant immunohistochemical patterns of EZH2 and CBP/CREBBP and overexpression of H3K27me3. Samples from seven cases were further analysed using targeted sequencing, focusing on the exons of 409 key tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFLs do not have pathogenic mutations of epigenetic modifiers, such as EZH2, MLL2/KMT2D, MLL3/KMT2C, EP300 and ARID1A, which have been reported in FLs in the literature, whereas Bcl-2+ /IGH-BCL2+ tFLs are probably pathogenic/pathogenic missense mutations or frameshift mutations of these genes. Additionally, novel mutations in TET2 and EP400 were detected in Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFLs. CONCLUSIONS Different genetic and epigenetic abnormalities might be involved in the oncogenesis of Bcl-2- /IGH-BCL2- tFLs from Bcl-2+ /IGH-BCL2+ tFLs and other FLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Kitamura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masaie
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wakasa
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hanamoto
- Department of Hematology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Higuchi M, Hayashi T, Kuma S, Miya A, Miyauchi A. Histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma: Incidence and diagnostic problems. Pathol Int 2021; 71:400-405. [PMID: 33740321 PMCID: PMC8252439 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma and discuss the occurrence of diagnostic problems. Among the 392 patients with parathyroid adenoma who underwent resection, fine-needle aspiration was performed for 21 (5.1%) parathyroid adenoma nodules. Histological findings that were significantly more frequent in cases that underwent fine-needle aspiration were considered histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma, including the following six findings: thick fibrous capsule (71.4%), multilayered fibrous capsules (14.3%), capsular pseudo-invasion (42.9%), fibrous bands (57.1%), hemosiderin deposition (14.3%), and tumor implantation (14.3%). Eighteen parathyroid adenoma nodules (85.7%) exhibited one or more of the six findings. Tumor cells and adipocytes entrapped within the thick fibrous capsule were occasionally observed. The fibrous bands were frequently connected to the thick fibrous capsule. The number of passes, duration between fine-needle aspiration and resection, tumor size, and purpose of fine-needle aspiration were not related to the incidence of histological findings. Because of the histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma that can be easily mistaken for signs of atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma, we recommend that the six findings be excluded from pathological findings indicating atypical adenoma or parathyroid carcinoma in patients with preoperative fine-needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miya
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Sato A, Matsuda K, Motoyama T, Mussazhanova Z, Otsubo R, Kondo H, Akazawa Y, Higuchi M, Suzuki A, Hirokawa M, Miyauchi A, Nagayasu T, Nakashima M. 53BP1 expression as a biomarker to differentiate thyroid follicular tumors. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:309-315. [PMID: 33617469 PMCID: PMC8052578 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the expression of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) in nuclear foci (NF), a marker reflecting DNA damage response (DDR), detected using immunofluorescence (IF) is useful to estimate the malignant potency of diverse cancers. In this prospective study, we clarified the impact of 53BP1 expression via IF as a biomarker to differentiate thyroid follicular tumors (FTs) with liquid-based cytology (LBC). A total of 183 consecutively obtained-LBC samples, which were preoperatively suspected as FTs, were analyzed. Before histological diagnosis, the type of 53BP1 immunoreactivity in LBC was classified as follows: low DDR type, one or two NF; high DDR type, three or more NF; large foci type, larger than 1.0 μm; abnormal type, intense nuclear staining. Among the 183 cases, 136 cases were postoperatively diagnosed as FTs, including adenomatous goiter (AG, n = 30), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 60), FT-uncertain malignant potency (FT-UMP, n = 18), and follicular carcinoma (FC, n = 28), and 47 cases were diagnosed as tumors other than FTs or technically inadequate materials. Total 136 FT cases were collated with the type of 53BP1 immunoreactivity in LBC. The mean incidence expressing abnormal 53BP1 expression was significantly higher in FC than FA (9.5% vs 2.6%, P-value < 0.001). When adopting 4.3% as a cut-off value to distinguish FC from FA, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 89.3, 83.3, 71.4, and 94.3%, respectively. Therefore, IF analysis of 53BP1 expression can be employed as a novel technique to diagnose FTs and to distinguish between different types of FTs using LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Sato
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Matsuda
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Motoyama
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Zhanna Mussazhanova
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty City, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ryota Otsubo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- Biostatics Section, Division of Scientific Data Registry, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Nakashima:
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46
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Hirokawa M, Suzuki A, Hashimoto Y, Satoh S, Canberk S, Jhuang JY, Jung CK, Tangnuntachai N, Kovacevic B, Zhu Y, Agarwal S, Kakudo K. Prevalence and diagnostic challenges of thyroid lymphoma: a multi-institutional study in non-Western countries. Endocr J 2020; 67:1085-1091. [PMID: 32641619 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) diagnosis is limited, with only a few large sample size studies, reported from Asian countries. The aim of the present study was to clarify the current prevalence and challenges in PTL diagnosis, and recommended ancillary studies for PTL in non-Western countries. PTL (n = 153) cases were retrieved from 10 institutions in non-Western countries and analyzed. Ultrasound examination (UE) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were used as main preoperative diagnostic tools in all participating institutions. Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed in the 5 institutions (50%). Lobectomy was the most common histological procedure to confirm the PTL diagnosis. All institutions routinely performed immuno-histochemical analysis. PTL was 0.54% of malignant thyroid tumor cases, with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being 54.9% and 38.6%, respectively. Kuma Hospital, where the frequency of MALTL was highest (83.7%), routinely performed FCM using the materials obtained by FNAC. UE and FNAC sensitivities were 62.5% and 57.8%, respectively. In both UE and FNAC, sensitivity of MALTL was lower than of DLBCL. The study elucidated that the prevalence of PTL in non-Western countries was lower than previously reported. We propose that FCM should be more actively used to improve the preoperative diagnosis of MALTL. Our data predicted that the MALTL proportion will increase with improved diagnostic tools, while observation of PTL-suspected nodules without histological examination remains a viable option.
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MESH Headings
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle
- China/epidemiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- India/epidemiology
- Japan/epidemiology
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/epidemiology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Follicular/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Prevalence
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Serbia/epidemiology
- Taiwan/epidemiology
- Thailand/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroidectomy
- Turkey/epidemiology
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sule Canberk
- Department of Pathology, Subdivision of Cytopathology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Cancer Signaling & Metabolism, IPATIMUP/Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jie Yang Jhuang
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bozidar Kovacevic
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Japan
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Takashima H, Ohashi H, Ando H, Suzuki A, Sakurai S, Nakano Y, Sawada H, Fujimoto M, Naito K, Tanabe S, Suzuki W, Waseda K, Amano T. Differential impact of target vessel on the diagnostic performance of resting full-cycle ratio as non-hyperemic physiological assessment. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, wire-based resting indices have been recognized as gold standard for evaluating physiological lesion assessment. The resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) is a unique resting index which is calculated as the point of absolutely lowest distal pressure to aortic pressure during entire cardiac cycle. It is unclear whether the diagnostic performance of RFR for detecting functional coronary artery stenosis is similar in each coronary artery. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of RFR based on target coronary vessel.
Method
This study was a prospectively enrolled observational study. A total of 156 consecutive patients with 220 intermediate lesions were enrolled in this study. The RFR was measured after adequately waiting for stable condition, while FFR was measured after intravenous administration of ATP (180mcg/kg/min). Lesions with FFR ≤0.80 were considered functionally significant coronary artery stenosis.
Results
In all lesions, reference diameter, diameter stenosis, lesion length, RFR, and FFR were 3.0±0.7mm, 45±13%, 13.0±8.8mm, 0.90±0.09, and 0.82±0.10, respectively. Functional significance was observed in 88 lesions (40%) of all lesions. RFR showed a significant correlation with FFR in overall lesions (r=0.774, p<0.001). The ROC curve analysis of RFR showed good accuracy for predicting functional significance (AUC 0.87, diagnostic accuracy 81%) in all subjects. Regarding each target vessel, there were similar and significant positive correlation between RFR and FFR (LAD; r=0.733, p<0.001, LCX; r=0.771, p<0.001, RCA; r=0.769, p<0.001, respectively). The prevalence of discordant between RFR and FFR was significantly different among 3 vessels (LAD 26%, LCX 12%, RCA 13%, respectively, p<0.05 for among 3 groups). Regarding the comparison of ROC curves according to lesion location, AUC was significantly lower in LAD than in LCX and RCA (LAD 0.780, LCX 0.947, RCA 0.926, p<0.01 for LAD compared to LCX, p<0.01 for LAD compared to RCA, respectively). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy was significantly different according to target vessel (LAD 74%, LCX 88%, RCA 87%, respectively, p<0.05 for among 3 vessels).
Conclusion
RFR demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy for evaluating functional lesion severity. The diagnostic performance of RFR was different based on target vessel. RFR is a unique and useful resting index, and it may detect functionally significant coronary stenosis that cannot be detected with other resting indices in daily practice.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Ohashi
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - H Ando
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - S Sakurai
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - K Naito
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - S Tanabe
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - W Suzuki
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - K Waseda
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - T Amano
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Ohashi H, Takashima H, Ando H, Suzuki A, Sakurai S, Nakano Y, Sawada H, Fujimoto M, Suzuki W, Waseda K, Amano T. Discordance predictor between fractional flow reserve and resting full-cycle ratio in clinical characteristics. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a gold standard method to evaluate functional lesion severity in daily clinical practice. Recently, the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) which was newly developed resting indices was launched. Unlike other resting indices evaluated in diastolic phase, RFR is evaluated during entire cardiac phase. Previous studies showed discordance predictors between FFR and instantaneous wave-free ratio. However, it is previously unreported what predictor cause discordant outcome between FFR and RFR.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical predictors of discordance between FFR and RFR.
Methods
A total of 156 patients with 220 lesions were prospectively enrolled in this study. RFR was evaluated before inducing hyperemia. FFR was measured after intravenous adenosine triphosphate administration (180 mcg/kg/min). According to FFR and RFR values, the patients and lesions were classified into 4 groups: Concordant negative (Group-1 [n=114]: FFR >0.80, RFR >0.89); negative FFR and positive RFR (Group-2 [n=18]: FFR >0.80, RFR ≤0.89); positive FFR and negative RFR (Group-3 [n=25]: FFR ≤0.80, RFR >0.89); Concordant positive (Group-4 [n=63]: FFR ≤0.80, RFR ≤0.89). Among them, discordance predictors with clinical characteristics between RFR and FFR were compared using by two separate logistic regression analyses. (Group-1 vs. Group-2, Group-3 vs. Group-4, respectively). Age, sex and those predictors with a p value ≤0.10 were included in a multivariate regression analysis using by forward stepwise selection to identify independent predictors of discordance.
Results
On multiple regression analysis, hemodialysis (HD) (OR:6.072 [1.090–33.836]), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR:9.053 [1.776–46.162]) and left anterior descending artery (LAD) (OR:9.264 [2.092–41.031]) were significantly associated with positive RFR among negative FFR groups (Groupe 2 discordance). Conversely, diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR:0.212 [0.062–0.721]) and Hb (OR:1.480 [1.102–1.987]) were significantly associated with negative RFR among positive FFR groups (Groupe 3 discordance)
Conclusions
Since the clinical characteristics with HD, PAD, LAD, DM and Hb may influence concordant with FFR during RFR evaluation, it should be considered when interpreting RFR.
Distribution and independent predictors
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohashi
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - H Ando
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Sakurai
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - W Suzuki
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Waseda
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
| | - T Amano
- Aichi medical university, Aichi, Japan
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Takashima H, Ohashi H, Ando H, Sakurai S, Nakano Y, Suzuki A, Sawada H, Fujimoto M, Waseda K, Amano T. Diagnostic feasibility of resting full-cycle ratio between systole and diastole to assess functional lesion severity of intermediate coronary artery stenosis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, non-hyperemic physiologic indices have become widespread for evaluating physiological lesion assessment. The resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) is a unique non-hyperemic index which is calculated as the point of absolutely lowest distal pressure to aortic pressure during entire cardiac cycle. It is unclear whether RFR may detect functionally significant coronary stenosis that cannot be detected with other resting indices due to differences in the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of RFR based on cardiac cycle.
Method
This study was a prospectively enrolled observational study. A total of 156 consecutive patients with 220 intermediate lesions were enrolled in this study. The RFR was measured after adequately waiting for stable condition, while FFR was measured after intravenous administration of ATP (180mcg/kg/min). Lesions with FFR ≤0.80 were considered functionally significant coronary artery stenosis.
Results
In all lesions, reference diameter, diameter stenosis, lesion length, RFR, and FFR were 3.0±0.7mm, 45±13%, 13.0±8.8mm, 0.90±0.09, and 0.82±0.10, respectively. Functional significance was observed in 88 lesions (40%) of all lesions. RFR systole was observed in 24 lesions (10.9%). Regarding to the coronary lesions, RFR systole was more frequent in non-LAD (LAD; 4.2%, left circumflex artery (LCX); 9.8%, and right coronary artery (RCA); 30.4%, respectively, p<0.018). RFR showed a significant correlation with FFR in both systole and diastole (R = 0.918, p<0.001, R = 0.733, p<0.001, respectively). The ROC curve analysis showed similar agreement in both systole and diastole (AUC: 0.881, p<0.001, AUC: 0.864, p<0.001, respectively). RFR provided a good diagnostic accuracy and no difference in both systole and diastole (79.6% and 87.5%, respectively, p=0.58).
Conclusion
RFR is feasible and reliable non-hyperemic index regardless of the difference of cardiac cycle to evaluate physiological lesion severity in daily practice.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Ohashi
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - H Ando
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - S Sakurai
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - K Waseda
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - T Amano
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Hirokawa M, Higuchi M, Suzuki A, Hayashi T, Kuma S, Miyauchi A. Prevalence and diagnostic significance of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features among tumors previously diagnosed as follicular adenoma: a single-institutional study in Japan. Endocr J 2020; 67:1071-1075. [PMID: 32595200 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is significantly lower in Asian countries than Western countries; however, the difference remains unexplained. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of NIFTP in tumors diagnosed as follicular adenoma (FA) in a Japanese institution and discuss the significance of NIFTP. In this study, 44 tumors were investigated, which were histologically diagnosed as FA at the Kuma Hospital in 2008. Of the 44 tumors, 13 (29.5%) were revised as NIFTP. In the remaining 31 tumors, the FA diagnosis was reconfirmed. On aspiration cytology, most of the NIFTPs were categorized into follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm. On histological examination, 9 (29.0%) of 31 FA nodules showed a nuclear score of 1. Twelve (92.3%) of 13 NIFTP nodules showed a nuclear score of 2, and the remaining nodule had a nuclear score of 3. No metastasis of FA or NIFTP was detected. There were no evidences of distant metastasis during follow-up. This is the first study to describe that NIFTP is more frequently included in tumors diagnosed as FA rather than PTC in Japan. As clinical management of FA and NIFTP is the same, in Japan, there is no reason to distinguish between FA and NIFTP. Conclusively, the necessity of using the disease entity "NIFTP" is not found in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Miyoko Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Toshitetsu Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Kuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
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