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Chawhuaveang DD, Lam WYH, Chu CH, Yu OY. Silver diamine fluoride in preventing enamel erosion: An in vitro study with salivary pellicle. J Dent 2024; 149:105287. [PMID: 39103075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prevention of enamel erosion and discolouring effect with a single and two weekly topical applications of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. METHODS Human enamel blocks were divided into four groups. Group 1 (SDF2) received two weekly applications of SDF solution (Advantage Arrest: 260,000 ppm Ag, 44,300 ppm F, pH 9.1). Group 2 (SDF1) received a single application of SDF solution. Group 3 (SNF, Positive Control) received daily application of stannous-chloride/amine-fluoride/sodium-fluoride solution (Elmex® Enamel professional: 800 ppm Sn(II), 500 ppm F, pH 4.5). Group 4 (DW, Negative Control) received daily application of deionised water. The treated blocks were subjected to a 14-day erosive challenge. Crystal characteristics, elemental composition, surface morphology, percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and total colour change (ΔE) of the blocks were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers' hardness testing, non-contact profilometry, and digital spectrophotometry, respectively. RESULTS XRD and EDS revealed precipitates of silver for SDF2 and SDF1 and tin for SNF. SEM showed prominent etched enamel pattern on DW than the other three groups. The%SMHL (%) of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 26.6 ± 2.9, 33.6 ± 2.8, 38.9 ± 2.9, and 50.5 ± 2.8 (SDF2SDF1=SNF>DW, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Two weekly applications was more effective than a single application of SDF in preventing enamel erosion, though it caused more discolouration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Topical application of 38 % SDF with two weekly applications protocol is effective in preventing enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chawhuaveang DD, Mei ML, Chu CH, Yu OY. Preventive dental erosion with silver diamine fluoride: An in vitro study. J Dent 2024; 145:105022. [PMID: 38670330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the erosion preventive effect of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution in enamel and dentin of human permanent teeth. METHODS Ninety enamel and ninety dentin blocks were prepared from permanent molars and allocated into three groups. Gp-SDF received a one-off application of 38 % SDF solution. Gp-SNF received a one-off application of a solution containing 800 ppm stannous chloride and 500 ppm fluoride. Gp-DW received a one-off application of deionized water. The blocks were submitted to acid challenge at pH 3.2, 2 min, 5 times/day for 7 days. All blocks were immersed in human saliva between cycles for one hour. The crystal characteristics, percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and elemental analysis and surface morphology were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test, non-contact profilometry, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Data of%SMHL and surface loss were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS XRD spectra revealed that fluorapatite and silver compounds formed in Gp-SDF, while fluorapatite and stannous compounds formed in Gp-SNF. Gp-DW presented only hydroxyapatite. The median (interquartile range) of%SMHL in Gp-SDF, Gp-SNF and Gp-DW were 27.86(3.66), 43.41(2.45), and 46.40(3.54) in enamel (p< 0.001), and 14.21(1.57), 27.99(1.95), and 33.18(1.73) in dentin, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean (standard deviation, μm) of surface loss of Gp-SDF, Gp-SNF, and Gp-DW were 2.81(0.59), 4.28(0.67), and 4.63(0.64) in enamel (p < 0.001) and 4.13(0.69), 6.04(0.61), and 7.72(0.66) in dentin, respectively (p < 0.001). SEM images exhibited less enamel corruption and more dentinal tubular occlusion in Gp-SDF compared to Gp-SNF and Gp-DW. EDS analysis showed silver was detected in Gp-SDF while stannous was detected in the dentin block of Gp-SNF. CONCLUSION 38 % SDF yielded superior results in protecting enamel and dentin blocks from dental erosion compared to SNF and DW. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Topical application of 38 % SDF is effective in preventing dental erosion in human enamel and dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Dhananthat Chawhuaveang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3B12 Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3B12 Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3B12 Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3B12 Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China.
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Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, Azzollini D, Trilli I, Carpentiere V, Hazballa D, Bordea IR, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM. Advances in Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches for Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:274. [PMID: 38132412 PMCID: PMC10742734 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses both preventive measures and clinically implemented therapy procedures that have been developed recently for the prevention and treatment of tooth erosion. METHODS The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for a thorough search. Studies on the prevention and treatment of dental erosion that were conducted in English and used in vitro were among the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The search turned up 391 papers in total, with 34 of those publications matching the requirements for inclusion. Varnishes, toothpastes, and solutions containing fluoride and other substances were used as preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS Dental erosion is a significant issue, and taking preventative steps is crucial to lessening the disease's spread and its effects. Interventions based on fluoride seem to be successful at halting erosion and encouraging remineralization. To effectively address severe tooth erosion, therapeutic methods, including composite restorations, prosthetic crowns, and veneers, are available. Dental erosion causes aesthetic and functional issues that are best addressed with less invasive treatments like direct composite restorations. To improve and broaden the range of available treatments for this common dental issue, additional research and development are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Daniela Azzollini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Irma Trilli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Vincenzo Carpentiere
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Denisa Hazballa
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine D.I.M., University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (D.A.); (I.T.); (V.C.); (D.H.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.)
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da Silva BM, Rios D, Foratori-Junior GA, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Peres SDCS, Honório HM. Effect of fluoride group on dental erosion associated or not with abrasion in human enamel: A systematic review with network metanalysis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Topical Agents for Nonrestorative Management of Dental Erosion: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081413. [PMID: 36011070 PMCID: PMC9408325 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonrestorative approach to the management of dental erosion is the foremost option: controlling dental erosion. The objectives of this study are to provide an overview and to summarise the effects and properties of topical anti-erosive agents as a nonrestorative treatment of dental erosion. A literature search was conducted on five databases of peer-reviewed literature—Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—to recruit articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. The literature search identified 812 studies; 95 studies were included. Topical anti-erosive agents can be broadly categorised as fluorides, calcium phosphate-based agents, organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents. In the presence of saliva, fluorides promote the formation of fluorapatite on teeth through remineralisation. Calcium phosphate-based agents supply the necessary minerals that are lost due to the acid challenge of erosion. Some organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents prevent or control dental erosion by forming a protective layer on the tooth surface, by modifying salivary pellicle or by inhibiting the proteolytic activity of dentine collagenases. Topical anti-erosive agents are promising in managing dental erosion. However, current evidence shows inconsistent or limited results for supporting the use of these agents in clinical settings.
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Tavares JDP, da Silva CV, Engel Y, de Freitas PM, Rechmann P. In situ effect of CO2 laser (9.3 μm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in prevention and control of erosive tooth wear in human enamel. Caries Res 2021; 55:617-628. [PMID: 34689142 DOI: 10.1159/000520215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This single-blind, controlled cross-over in situ study aimed to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser (9.3µm) irradiation, combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution on prevention and control of Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) in human enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two trial conditions were analyzed, Condition-1 as ETW-prevention (sound tooth surface) and Condition-2 as ETW-control (in vitro initial erosive lesion). The experiment was conducted in two phases, one with one without exposure to AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. A hundred and ninety-two samples of human enamel (3x3x1mm) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups for each condition: (C) without treatment (negative control); (F) AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (positive control); (L) CO2 laser irradiation; (L+F) CO2 laser+AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. Twelve volunteers used a removable device each containing 8 samples per phase. Ex-vivo erosive challenges (4×5min/day) and rinsing protocol (1×30s/day) were performed. The surface loss was determined using optical profilometer (n=12 per group), and the surface morphology was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (n=3). RESULTS Condition-1 data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Condition-2 by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, both with Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Condition-1: groups L (4.59 ±2.95µm) and L+F (1.58 ±1.24µm) showed significantly less surface loss in preventing ETW than groups C and F. Condition-2: in controlling the progression of ETW, L+F was the only group with no significant surface loss between initial erosive lesion (3.65 ±0.16µm) and after erosive challenge (4.99 ±1.17µm). CONCLUSIONS CO2 9.3µm laser application prevented and controlled ETW progression in human enamel, with greater efficiency when combined with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Paula Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Camila Vieira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yael Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Protective effect of fluorides on erosion and erosion/abrasion in enamel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized in situ trials. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Anti-erosive effect of rinsing before or after toothbrushing with a Fluoride/Stannous Ions solution: an in situ investigation. J Dent 2020; 101:103450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Silva CV, Mantilla TF, Engel Y, Tavares JP, Freitas PM, Rechmann P. The effect of CO 2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser irradiation in enamel erosion reduction with and without fluoride applications-a randomized, controlled in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1213-1222. [PMID: 32030555 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation against erosion in human enamel without and combined with TiF4 and AmF/NaF/SnCl2 applications, respectively, as well as compared to the protective effect of these fluoride treatments alone. After polishing, ninety enamel samples (3 × 3mm) were used for 9 different treatment groups: 4% TiF4 gel (pH 1.5, 24,533 ppm F-); AmF/NaF/SnCl2 rinse (pH 4.5; 500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2); CO2 laser (average power 0.58 W); CO2 laser (0.58 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.58 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; CO2 laser (0.69 W); CO2 laser (0.69 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.69 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; negative control (deionized water). TiF4 gel was brushed on only once before the first erosive cycling, while samples treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 were daily immersed in 5 ml of the solution before cycling. Laser treatment occurred with a CO2 laser (wavelength 9.3 μm, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz, pulse duration 14.6 μs/18 μs, average power 0.58 W/0.69 W, fluence 1.9 J/cm2/2.2 J/cm2, beam diameter 0.63 mm, irradiation time 10 s, air cooling). TiF4 was applied only once, while AmF/NaF/SnCl2 was applied once daily before the erosive challenge. Surface loss (in μm) was measured with optical profilometry immediately after treatment, and after 5 and 10 days of erosive cycling (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.3, 6 × 2 min/day). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy investigations were performed. All application measures resulted in loss of surface height immediately after treatment. After 5 days, significantly reduced surface loss was observed after applying laser irradiation (both power settings) followed by applications of TiF4 or AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (p < 0.05; 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test) compared to fluoride application alone. After 10 days, compared to after 5 days, a reduced tissue loss was observed in all groups treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. This tissue gain occurred with the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 application alone and was significantly higher when the application was combined with the laser use (p < 0.05). Short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation followed by additional application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution significantly reduces the progression of dental enamel erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - T F Mantilla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Y Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J P Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P M Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Abdelwahed AG, Temirek MM, Hassan FM. Antierosive Effect of Topical Fluorides: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Situ Studies. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1523-1530. [PMID: 31198467 PMCID: PMC6542392 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the application of topical fluorides in prevention of erosive tooth wear has been an issue of controversy in the literature. The objective of this systematic review was to assess in situ studies investigating the effects of using topical fluorides on prevention of erosive tooth wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Eligibility criteria included in situ-controlled studies that assessed the effect of the erosive process without additional tooth brushing. The search involved English-written articles only. A total of 684 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found after removal of duplicates, of which 22 full-text articles were selected. Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of which 6 studies included in the meta-analysis. The following data were obtained for each study: authors, year of publication, country, study design, periods of study, duration, blinding, interventions (type/concentration/form), tooth substrate, location of the intraoral appliance, number of samples attached to each appliance, type of acidic media used for erosive challenge, duration of erosive challenge, subjects (number/age/sex), reported side effects -if any-, measuring device, amounts of tissue loss. RESULTS The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. A meta-analysis of the present study was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.048 software. CONCLUSION The use of oral hygiene products containing AmF/NaF/SnCl2 or NaF may be effective in the prevention of erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gamal Abdelwahed
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohamed Temirek
- Conservative Dentistry Department; Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Fayez Mohamed Hassan
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bezerra S, João-Souza S, Aoki I, Borges A, Hara A, Scaramucci T. Anti-Erosive Effect of Solutions Containing Sodium Fluoride, Stannous Chloride, and Selected Film-Forming Polymers. Caries Res 2018; 53:305-313. [DOI: 10.1159/000493388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225 ppm F–), stannous chloride (Sn: 800 ppm Sn2+), and some film-forming polymers (Gantrez: Poly [methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride]; PGA: propylene glycol alginate; Plasdone: poly[vinylpyrrolidone]; and CMC: carboxymethylcellulose). Solutions were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10, for each substrate). Distilled water was the negative control. Cycling consisted of 120 min immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, and 120 min of exposure to human saliva, 4×/day, for 5 days. Treatment with solutions (pH = 4.5) was carried out 2×/day, for 2 min. Surface loss (SL) was evaluated with optical profilometry. Zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals was determined after treatment with the solutions. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, all polymers showed significantly lower SL (in µm) than the control (11.09 ± 0.94), except PGA (10.15 ± 1.25). PGA significantly improved the protective effect of F (4.24 ± 0.97 vs. 5.64 ± 1.60, respectively). None of the polymers increased the protection of F+Sn (5.13 ± 0.78). For dentin, only Gantrez (11.40 ± 0.97) significantly reduced SL when compared with the negative control (12.76 ± 0.75). No polymer was able to enhance the effect of F (6.28 ± 1.90) or F+Sn (7.21 ± 1.13). All fluoridated solutions demonstrated significantly lower SL values than the control for both substrates. Treatment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with all solutions resulted in more negative zeta potentials than those of the control, except Plasdone, PGA, and F+Sn+PGA, the latter two presenting the opposite effect. In conclusion, Gantrez, Plasdone, and CMC exhibited an anti-erosive effect on enamel. PGA increased the protection of F. For dentin, only Gantrez reduced erosion.
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Stannous chloride and stannous fluoride are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. J Dent 2018; 78:51-58. [PMID: 30081053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dentin and saliva can degrade collagen. Divalent metals are known inhibitors of MMPs, but stannous - such as in the form of stannous chloride (SnCl2) or stannous fluoride (SnF2) - is yet to be tested for a possible inhibitory effect. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect on the proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. METHODS Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium fluoride (NaF), and chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as controls. Gelatin zymography was performed with recombinant human MMP-2 and MMP-9. SnCl2, SnF2, NaF, NaCl, and CHX were included either in the incubation buffer (M1) or added to the recombinant MMPs (M2) before the MMPs were analyzed using zymography. Furthermore, the effect of SnCl2, SnF2, and NaF on the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured in human dentin either before or after acid etching using 37%phosphoric acid. The effect of SnCl2, NaF, and CHX on the viability and of SnCl2 and NaF on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and L929 mouse fibroblasts was also determined. RESULTS For M1, inhibitory concentrations (w/v%) of SnCl2 0.5% and 0.5%, SnF2 0.25% and 0.12%, NaF 0.12% and 0.5%, CHX 0.012% and 0.05%, were observed for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaCl had no inhibitory effect. For M2, SnCl2 0.007% and 0.12%, and SnF2 0.03% and 0.5%, inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively. NaF, NaCl and CHX had no effect. The enzymatic activity was slightly reduced when SnCl2 and NaF were applied on dentin before the acid attack. Regarding cell viability and proliferation of the cells after stimulation with the respective substances, NaF showed almost no effect, SnCl2 appeared to increase viability and proliferation of the cells, and CHX decreased the viability of cells. CONCLUSIONS Stannous ions caused a direct inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases, whereas F- only had an inhibitory effect when added to the zymography buffer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of MMPs using SnCl2 and SnF2 could play an important role in the prevention of dental erosion and caries. However, the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be proven.
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Sakae LO, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Borges AB, Aoki IV, Aranha ACC, Scaramucci T. An in vitro study on the influence of viscosity and frequency of application of fluoride/tin solutions on the progression of erosion of bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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João-Souza SH, Bezerra SJC, de Freitas PM, de Lima NB, Aranha ACC, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. In situ evaluation of fluoride-, stannous- and polyphosphate-containing solutions against enamel erosion. J Dent 2017; 63:30-35. [PMID: 28552363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225ppm of fluoride), sodium fluoride+stannous chloride (F+Sn: 225ppm of fluoride+800ppm of stannous), sodium fluoride+stannous chloride+sodium linear polyphosphate (F+Sn+LPP: 225ppm of fluoride+800ppm of stannous+2% of sodium linear polyphosphate), and deionized water (C: control), using a four-phase, single-blind, crossover in situ clinical trial. METHODS In each phase, 12 volunteers wore appliances containing 4 enamel specimens, which were submitted to a 5-day erosion-remineralization phase that consisted of 2h of salivary pellicle formation with the appliance in situ, followed by 2min extra-oral immersion in 1% citric acid (pH 2.4), 6x/day, with 90min of exposure to saliva in situ between the challenges. Treatment with the test solutions was performed extra-orally for 2 min, 2x/day. At the end of the experiment, surface loss (SL, in μm) was evaluated by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). The surface of additional specimens was evaluated by x-ray diffraction after treatments (n=3). RESULTS C (mean SL±standard-deviation: 5.97±1.70) and F (5.36±1.59) showed the highest SL, with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). F+Sn (2.68±1.62) and F+Sn+LPP (2.10±0.95) did not differ from each other (p>0.05), but presented lower SL than the other groups (P<0.05). Apatite and stannous deposits on specimen surfaces were identified in the x-ray analysis for F+Sn and F+Sn+LPP. CONCLUSIONS Sodium fluoride solution exhibited no significant anti-erosive effect. The combination between sodium fluoride and stannous chloride reduced enamel erosion, irrespective of the presence of linear sodium polyphosphate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under highly erosive conditions, sodium fluoride rinse may not be a suitable alternative to prevent enamel erosion. A rinse containing sodium fluoride and stannous chloride was shown to be a better treatment option, which was not further improved by addition of the sodium linear polyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sávio José C Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nelson B de Lima
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Butantã, P.O. Box 11049, São Paulo, SP 05422-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing street, 46202-2855, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, Zip code: 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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