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Hellberg U, Sverremark-Ekström E, Nopp A, Nilsson C. Allergy in Young Adults Associates with Elevated Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels and IgE-Verified Parental Allergy but Is Confounded by Self-Reported Symptoms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39068912 DOI: 10.1159/000539968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of IgE-verified allergy in young adults is limited as most studies are based on self-reported data. Allergic heredity is important in allergy development in early life, but less is known about the hereditary component later in life. The aim was to investigate IgE-verified and self-reported allergy and asthma at 20 years of age in association to parental allergy and environmental factors. METHODS In total, 281 individuals born into the cohort of well-characterized parents regarding allergic disease were followed to 20 years of age. The participants were categorized by parental allergy and examined regarding allergic diseases (IgE sensitization and allergic symptoms) at 2, 5, 10, and 20 years of age. FeNO was measured at 10 and 20 years. RESULTS In total, 45% of the study participants were allergic, with twice as many self-reported cases at age 20. Rhinitis was key to distinguishing confirmed allergy from self-reported. Having two allergic parents and increased FeNO were associated with an increased prevalence of allergic disease at 20 years. From a longitudinal perspective, rhinitis increased from childhood to young adulthood, in all heredity groups. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal study, we have shown that two allergic parents as well as increased FeNO levels seem to be of importance for being allergic at 20 years old. Self-reported allergy was overreported - a result that should be considered in future survey-based reports on allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Hellberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nopp
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Roy R, Dang UJ, Huffman KM, Alayi T, Hathout Y, Nagaraju K, Visich PS, Hoffman EP. A population-based study of children suggests blunted morning cortisol rhythms are associated with alterations of the systemic inflammatory state. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106411. [PMID: 37820505 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children, digital media, lifestyle, and the COVID pandemic have impacted sunlight exposure, exercise, and diet patterns - cues that entrain the circadian clock. We hypothesized that low morning cortisol reflects a weak circadian clock, impacting the pro-inflammatory state. The primary objective was to test relationships between diurnal cortisol fluctuations and the inflammatory state in children as a means of providing indirect support for this hypothesis. METHODS The Cardiovascular Health Intervention Program (CHIP) was a population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal study of circadian health in public elementary school children in Southern Maine, USA (recruitment period 2012-2017). Participants were 689 students in 4th grade (baseline; age=9.2 ± 0.4 years), and 647 students in 5th grade (age=10.5 ± 0.5 years). Nine salivary cortisol measures per child (2 awakening and 1 prior to bed for 3 sequential days) (n = 1336 child phenotype days; n = 7987 cortisol assays), 10 cytokines measured in morning and evening saliva samples (n = 202 child phenotype days), and lipids were measured. Clinical outcomes were blood pressure, weight and height (body mass index [BMI]; BMI = kg/m2), among others. FINDINGS Upon-waking cortisol levels were 0.28 ± 0.13 µg/dL, 30-minute post-waking 0.33 ± 0.15 µg/dL, and evening 0.08 ± 0.10 µg/dL. Salivary cytokine levels (n = 202) showed interleukins (IL) IL-1β and IL-8 were highest in early morning (upon awakening; AM), and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) TNF-α highest before bed (PM) (IL-1β AM > PM [-4.02 fold; p < 0.001]; IL-8 AM > PM [-1.36 fold; p < 0.001]; IL-6 AM < PM [+1.49 fold; p < 0.001]; TNF-α AM < PM [+1.73 fold; p = 0.03]. Regression modeling showed high morning cortisol was associated with high morning IL-1β (p = 3.82 ×10-6), but low evening IL-1β (p = 6.27 ×10-4). Regression modeling of BMI z-score as the response variable showed the expected significant relationships to high density lipoprotein (HDL) (negative; p < 0.001), mean arterial pressure (positive; p < 0.001), and morning cortisol (negative; p = 0.01) but only weak relationships to either evening cortisol (p = 0.1) or cytokine (positive; p = 0.02; from the model with smallest Rsquared) levels. INTERPRETATION We provide preliminary data on diurnal fluctuations of inflammatory cytokines in saliva in a population-based cohort of children. Correlation of morning and evening cortisol levels with inflammatory cytokines in the same saliva samples showed that high morning cortisol was associated with high morning IL-1β and low evening IL-1β. Future studies may test the hypothesis that strong diurnal cycling of IL-1β may serve as a homeostatic mechanism keeping the immune system in check, and that low morning cortisol (possible circadian misalignment) may lead to less stringent control of inflammatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runia Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| | - Utkarsh J Dang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tchilabalo Alayi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Visich
- Exercise and Sport Performance Department, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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Hu Z, Xue J, Pan M, Bao Y, Zou W, Wang C, Ma J. Prevalence of allergen sensitization among children with allergic rhinitis in Changzhou, China: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:466. [PMID: 37716964 PMCID: PMC10504732 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sensitivity to common inhaled and food allergens among children with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Changzhou in eastern China and provide a basis for epidemiological research of pediatric allergic rhinitis and allergen avoidance in this region. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study, a total of 1248 children with AR were enrolled at the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou between January 2018 and December 2019. The serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 19 kinds of inhaled and food allergens and serum total IgE were detected with the AllergyScreen test (Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany). All participants had a positive reaction to at least one allergen in the test (the sIgE concentration ≥ 0.35 IU/ml). RESULTS Among the patients, 818 (65.54%) were male and 430 (34.46%) were female, with 81 (6.50%) aged 1-3 year, 501 (40.14%) aged 4-7 year, and 666 (53.36%) aged 8-14 year. The positivity rate of inhaled allergens was 80.05% (n = 999), while the positivity rate of food allergens was 66.19% (n = 826). 828 patients (66.35%) were sensitized to multiple allergens. The most common inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (65.38%), mold mix (25.56%), house dust (20.67%), and dog hair dander (13.94%), and the most common food allergens were cow's milk (30.31%), cashew nut (27.9%), egg (22.68%), and beef (12.98%). With an increase in age, the inhaled allergen positivity rate showed a significant increase (P < 0.01), while the food allergen positivity rate decreased significantly (P < 0.01). There were significant age differences in total IgE levels (P < 0.01) and the total IgE level was highest in the group aged 8-14 year. CONCLUSIONS Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common sensitizing allergen in pediatric patients with AR in Changzhou. Several other inhaled and food allergens were also common. We observed that multiple allergenic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibang Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jianrong Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Yongzheng Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Wenlan Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, China.
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Rennie GH, Zhao J, Camus-Ela M, Shi J, Jiang L, Zhang L, Wang J, Raghavan V. Influence of Lifestyle and Dietary Habits on the Prevalence of Food Allergies: A Scoping Review. Foods 2023; 12:3290. [PMID: 37685223 PMCID: PMC10486777 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in behavior, lifestyle, and nutritional patterns have influenced many potential risk variables globally. In recent decades, food allergies (FAs) have been elevated to a severe public health issue both in developed countries and developing countries (third-world countries). This study aims to evaluate the effects caused by certain factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits on food allergies, review the association of lifestyle and dietary habit status with FAs, and outline why more people are allergic to food sources as a result of lifestyle changes and dietary habits. We searched electronic international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using combinations of keywords. Utilizing Excel, the relevant studies were included and the irrelevant studies were excluded, and Mendeley was used for referencing and also to remove duplicates. The framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley was used for this scoping review. The papers published in the databases from 2016 to 2020 were extracted. A total of eight studies were extracted, and this scoping review was carried out according to the risk factors. In our review, we found that some lifestyle choices (Caesarean section and antibiotics) and dietary habits (n-3 PUFA, fast food, duration of dietary intervention, and vitamin D), were important contributing factors for FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardiner Henric Rennie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Mukeshimana Camus-Ela
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Jialu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.H.R.); (J.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Sui H, Li C, Huang Z, Liu B, Song X, Liao S, Yu M, Luan T, Zuberbier T, Wang L, Zhao Z, Wu J. Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis among Chinese adults: A nationwide representative cross-sectional study. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100744. [PMID: 37008533 PMCID: PMC10050653 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been increasing steadily worldwide, especially in countries with increasing industrialization such as China. However, available evidence regarding AR prevalence among Chinese adults is scarce and limited to regional data collected in earlier years. We therefore aimed to provide a more recent and robust estimate of AR prevalence using a nationwide representative cross-sectional study in China. Methods Data of 184 326 participants aged 18 years or older were obtained from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance conducted in 2018-2019. AR was determined by self-reported sneezing, nasal itching, obstruction, or rhinorrhea symptoms for at least 1 h in the absence of a cold or flu within the last 12 months. Multivariable logistic model was used to examine the risk factors of AR, and a possible non-linear relationship was further tested by restricted cubic spline. Potential additive interactions of risk factors with sex, residence, and geographic region were assessed by relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results The weighted prevalence of AR was 8.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.4%-8.7%), of whom 23.7% (95% CI, 21.3%-26.0%) were aware of their diagnosis. Increased odds of AR were associated with younger age, men, living in urban area or north region, more education, smoking, underweight, and higher income. Despite the nonsignificant linear trend, the spline regression demonstrated a non-linear association between AR and sleep duration, with higher odds at both ends. Additionally, the observed associations were generally stronger among men and people living in urban area and north region, with significant RERI ranging from 0.07 (95% CI, 0.00-0.14) to 0.40 (95% CI, 0.12-0.67). Conclusions AR is prevalent in China and the associated factors and interactions are helpful to design targeted preventive strategies towards certain subpopulations. The low awareness of AR calls for a national effort on AR screening.
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Ying X, Qi X, Yin Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Jiang H, Yang L, Wu J. Allergens sensitization among children with allergic diseases in Shanghai, China: age and sex difference. Respir Res 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 35428297 PMCID: PMC9013110 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distribution of allergens has geographic characteristics. Local epidemiological data provides evidence-based strategies for the prevention and management of allergic diseases. Age and sex differences may exist in the prevalence of sensitivity to various allergens. We investigated the distribution of common allergens in allergic children in Shanghai, southeastern China. Methods 39,926 children 1 month to 18 years of age diagnosed with allergic diseases were tested for the presence of serum-specific Immunoglobulins E (sIgE) to 17 allergens common to this region, using a reversed enzyme allergosorbent test. Results 25,757 (64.5%) of the subjects showed elevated sIgE to at least one of the tested allergens. House mite and dust mite were the most common aeroallergens, while egg and milk were the most common food allergens. The most common aeroallergens and food allergens were similar among each allergic disease. By age-group analysis, the positive rates of aeroallergens were higher at older age. Several peaks of sensitization to food allergens were observed in children between 1 and 3 years of age for eggs, milk, nut, crab and shrimp. In addition, the sensitization to beef and mango was highest in children 3–6 years of age. The rate of positive sIgE detection was higher in males than females for all the tested allergens except cockroach, trees and beef. Considering the interplay between sex and ages and other related components (including season, monthly temperature, humidity, air quality index, test rate of patients), the sIgE positive rates of the main aeroallergens increased with age, while the main food allergens decreased; males are more sensitive to several aeroallergens (including dust mite, house mite, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and mulberry). Conclusions House mite, dust mite, milk, and egg are major allergens in Shanghai. Children at younger age are more sensitive to food allergens, while increasing overall prevalence of sensitization can be found with increasing age. Boys have higher positive rates of sIgE responses than girls. Knowledge of the prevalence of allergen sensitization in different age groups and sex may help facilitate diagnosis and intervention efforts to mitigate the impact of allergic diseases in this large geographical region. This approach may be extrapolated to other regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02008-7.
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The Association of Bullous Pemphigoid With Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Rhinitis-A Population-Based Study. Dermatitis 2021; 33:268-276. [PMID: 34570736 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bullous pemphigoid (BP), atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR) are associated with shared pathogenic mechanisms the epidemiological relationship between these conditions remains to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bidirectional association of BP with AD and AR. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed comparing BP patients (n = 3924) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 19,280), with respect to incident cases of AD and AR. A case-control design was additionally adopted to assess the odds of BP in individuals with a preexisting diagnosis of AD and AR. RESULTS The odds of BP was increased after a preexisting diagnosis of AD (fully adjusted odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.15; P < 0.001) and AR (fully adjusted odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28; P = 0.047). Patients with BP were at an increased risk of subsequent AD (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.60-2.51; P < 0.001) but not AR (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83-1.20; P = 0.997). Compared with other patients with BP, those with BP and comorbid AD and AR were more frequently managed by adjuvant drugs and long-term systemic and topical corticosteroids and had decreased all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS A history of AD and AR confers susceptibility to the development of BP. Awareness of this association may be of help for physicians managing patients with these diseases.
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Prevalence and clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis in the elderly Korean population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:3367-3373. [PMID: 32743711 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proportion of elderly people aged ≥ 65 years is increasing worldwide. Although the reported prevalence of sinonasal disease can vary according to the diagnostic methods used, differences in allergic rhinitis prevalence in the elderly according to diagnostic method have not been reported. We thus aimed to evaluate allergic rhinitis prevalence in the elderly according to diagnostic criteria obtained from questionnaires, physician diagnoses, and allergy tests. METHODS We compared the allergic rhinitis prevalence in the elderly aged ≥ 65 years with adults aged 19-64 years, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012. Total serum IgE and IgE levels specific to allergens of Dermatophagoides farina, cockroach, and dog dander were examined, and factors affecting specific IgE levels were investigated. RESULTS Allergic rhinitis prevalence according to the questionnaire responses, physician diagnoses, and allergy test results was 35.02%, 14.89%, and 17.56%, respectively. The prevalence based on all diagnostic methods assessed was significantly lower in the elderly than in the general adult group (p < 0.001). Rhinorrhea incidence was significantly increased in the elderly (p = 0.018). Sensitization to Dermatophagoides farina was significantly decreased in the elderly (p = 0.006) and did not correlate with socioeconomic status and/or general health factors. CONCLUSIONS The elderly population has a distinct clinical presentation, including a low prevalence of allergic rhinitis, and an increased incidence of rhinorrhea symptoms, compared with the general adult population. The management of allergic rhinitis in elderly patients may therefore require a different therapeutic approach to improve rhinorrhea rather than nasal obstruction.
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Ferastraoaru D, Bax HJ, Bergmann C, Capron M, Castells M, Dombrowicz D, Fiebiger E, Gould HJ, Hartmann K, Jappe U, Jordakieva G, Josephs DH, Levi-Schaffer F, Mahler V, Poli A, Rosenstreich D, Roth-Walter F, Shamji M, Steveling-Klein EH, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. AllergoOncology: ultra-low IgE, a potential novel biomarker in cancer-a Position Paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:32. [PMID: 32695309 PMCID: PMC7366896 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum IgE levels are associated with allergic disorders, parasitosis and specific immunologic abnormalities. In addition, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence indicates an association between IgE-mediated immune surveillance and protection from tumour growth. Intriguingly, recent studies reveal a correlation between IgE deficiency and increased malignancy risk. This is the first review discussing IgE levels and links to pathological conditions, with special focus on the potential clinical significance of ultra-low serum IgE levels and risk of malignancy. In this Position Paper we discuss: (a) the utility of measuring total IgE levels in the management of allergies, parasitosis, and immunodeficiencies, (b) factors that may influence serum IgE levels, (c) IgE as a marker of different disorders, and d) the relationship between ultra-low IgE levels and malignancy susceptibility. While elevated serum IgE is generally associated with allergic/atopic conditions, very low or absent IgE may hamper anti-tumour surveillance, indicating the importance of a balanced IgE-mediated immune function. Ultra-low IgE may prove to be an unexpected biomarker for cancer risk. Nevertheless, given the early stage of investigations conducted mostly in patients with diseases that influence IgE levels, in-depth mechanistic studies and stratification of malignancy risk based on associated demographic, immunological and clinical co-factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ferastraoaru
- Department of Internal Medicine/Allergy and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - H J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Bergmann
- ENT Research Institute for Clinical Studies, Essen, Germany
| | - M Capron
- LIRIC-Unite Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERM, Universite de Lille 2, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Castells
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - D Dombrowicz
- Recepteurs Nucleaires, Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Diabete, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - E Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research, Department of Medicine Research, Children's University Hospital Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - H J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL UK.,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - K Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - U Jappe
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - G Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT UK.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - V Mahler
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - A Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - D Rosenstreich
- Department of Internal Medicine/Allergy and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - F Roth-Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Inst, Univ. of Vet. Medicine Vienna, Med. Univ. Vienna, Univ. Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Imperial College London, and Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E H Steveling-Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Division, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - E Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Inst, Univ. of Vet. Medicine Vienna, Med. Univ. Vienna, Univ. Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Natural Variation of Hazelnut Allergenicity: Is There Any Potential for Selecting Hypoallergenic Varieties? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072100. [PMID: 32708541 PMCID: PMC7400875 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) have an important role in human nutrition and health. However, they are a common cause of food allergy. Due to hazelnut varietal diversity, variety-dependent differences in the IgE-binding properties may be suspected, which could allow therapeutic strategies based on the use of hypoallergenic varieties to induce desensitization. In a proteogenomic approach, we aimed to evaluate the allergenic potential of a genetically diverse set of hazelnuts (n = 13 varieties). Minor differences were found at the level of genes encoding important allergens, namely Cor a 8, Cor a 9, and Cor a 14. Nevertheless, IgE-reactivity was similar for all varieties using sera from seven allergic individuals. The predominant IgE-reactive proteins were Cor a 9 (100%) and Cor a 1.04 (60%), with the former being the most frequently identified by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic approach. Therefore, it seems that the conventional exclusion diet will hold its ground for the time being.
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11
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Simon D. Recent Advances in Clinical Allergy and Immunology 2019. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:291-305. [PMID: 31694018 DOI: 10.1159/000504364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has vital functions for homeostasis and host defense. Thus, imbalances of the immune system whether associated with allergy, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity are of great importance, as is manifest from common diseases such as atopic diseases, urticaria, and angioedema, and drug hypersensitivity reactions. These can affect patients' quality of life and can generate high costs for health care. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence for changing patterns of allergic diseases caused by lifestyle and climate changes which have consequences for medical care. Deeper insights into the pathogenesis of allergic/immunologic diseases, combined with novel technologies, provide improved diagnostic options and treatment measures. This review will summarize novel aspects of the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, as well as disease management in the fields of allergy and clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
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12
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Verschoor D, von Gunten S. Allergy and Atopic Diseases: An Update on Experimental Evidence. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:235-243. [PMID: 31694044 DOI: 10.1159/000504439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, an increasing appearance of allergies and atopic disorders, such as asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis, has been observed. The mechanisms of these disorders remain unclear, and therefore the development of novel therapies is limited. Current treatments are often symptomatic, nonspecific, or may have severe side effects. Further insights into the mechanisms of the underlying disease pathogenesis could reveal novel targets for treatment. In this review, we provide an update on recent basic and translational studies that offer novel insights and opportunities for the treatment of patients with atopic disorders.
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El Saftawy EA, Amin NM, Hamed DH, Elkazazz A, Adel S. The hidden impact of different Blastocystis genotypes on C-3 and IgE serum levels: a matter of debate in asthmatic Egyptian children. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:443-451. [PMID: 31406409 PMCID: PMC6667542 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis hominis is highly prevalent with respiratory allergies among Egyptian children. Yet, little is known about the possible immunological relationship. Aims of this study were to measure complement-3 (C-3), total and specific IgE to intestinal allergens in patients' serum regarding the identified B. hominis genotypes. In a cross-sectional study, three hundred children (150 asthmatics and 150 non asthmatics) participated in the study from both sexes, mean age 7.5 ± SD (3-4) years after a questionnaire administration. PCR-based genotyping of B. hominis selective in vitro cultivation was performed. C-3, total and specific IgE were all measured in patients' serum utilizing ELISA. Blastocystosis was detected in 100 out of 300 children, 65 (43.3%) out of 150 asthmatics and 35 (23.3%) out of 150 non-asthmatics. Vacuolar forms were the most prevalent in both direct wet mount and stool cultures. Forty (61.5%) out 65 asthmatics and 5 (14.2%) out of 35 non-asthmatics were ≥ 5 organisms/HPF. Sex and irritable bowel disease were statistically insignificant (p value < 0.05). Urticaria was coincided in 15.4% of asthmatics and 8.6% of non-asthmatics. Of 100 cases of blastocystosis, eighty-four were genotype-3 and sixteen were genotype-4. Out of these, 55 cases of genotype-3 and 6 cases of genotype-4 were asthmatics. Positive C-3 serum levels were in 46 (54.81%) of genotype-3 and 2 (12.5%) of genotype-4. High total IgE levels in 30 (35.7%) out of 84 cases of genotype-3 and 4 (25%) out of 16 cases of genotype-4. Positive specific IgE was in 25 (29.8%) of genotype-3 and 3 (18.75%) of genotype-4. Genotype-3 was of higher infection intensity (p value = 0.0001). In conclusion, B. hominis possess a hidden allergy triggering impact that can be obscured by simultaneous high (total and specific) IgE levels towards specific common intestinal allergens. Blastocystosis induces allergy by increasing C-3 serum levels in a genotype-dependent manner being higher in genotype-3. Virulence of genotype-3 seems to stand beyond increased parasite intensity and wide absorption of intestinal allergens that indirectly elevate IgE serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A. El Saftawy
- Medical Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Amin
- Medical Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H. Hamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly Elkazazz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan Adel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Betamethasone prevents human rhinovirus- and cigarette smoke- induced loss of respiratory epithelial barrier function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9688. [PMID: 29946071 PMCID: PMC6018698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is a barrier against pathogens and allergens and a target for therapy in respiratory allergy, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated barrier-damaging factors and protective factors by real-time measurement of respiratory cell barrier integrity. Barrier integrity to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), house dust mite (HDM) extract, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or human rhinovirus (HRV) infection alone or in combination was assessed. Corticosteroids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and nasal mucus proteins were tested for their ability to prevent loss of barrier integrity. Real-time impedance-based measurement revealed different patterns of CSE-, HDM-, IFN-γ- and HRV-induced damage. When per se non-damaging concentrations of harmful factors were combined, a synergetic effect was observed only for CSE and HDM. Betamethasone prevented the damaging effect of HRV and CSE, but not damage caused by HDM or IFN-γ. Real-time impedance-based measurement of respiratory epithelial barrier function is useful to study factors, which are harmful or protective. The identification of a synergetic damaging effect of CSE and HDM as well as the finding that Betamethasone protects against HRV- and CSE-induced damage may be important for asthma and COPD.
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Mazur A, Szylling A, Bielecka T, Strzelak A, Kulus M. Is the "farm effect" hypothesis still current? Atopy and allergic diseases in rural and urban children in Poland. J Asthma 2017; 55:1147-1155. [PMID: 29211564 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1400046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of allergic diseases has reached epidemic proportions in the Western world. Although farm-living has been associated with a lower prevalence of asthma and atopy, a marked increase in atopy among rural populations after accession to the European Union has been recently reported in Poland. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of living environment on the prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in Polish children. METHODS 400 schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from the capital city (223) and from traditional rural part of the country (177) were recruited from June to November 2011. Data on allergic diseases and symptoms were collected by means of questionnaire and physical examination. Atopy was assessed based on skin prick tests (SPTs) reactivity to inhalant allergens in 350 children. RESULTS A high discrepancy between the prevalence of allergic symptoms (46.7%) and doctor-diagnosed allergic diseases (25%) was demonstrated (p < 0.0001). Urban children had a higher overall prevalence of allergic diseases and atopy than children living in rural areas, 29.3% versus 17.1% (p = 0.007) and 33.5% versus 20% (p = 0.0045), respectively. However, no significant differences in the rates of particular allergic diseases were noted (p > 0.05). There was higher SPT positivity to trees, grass, corn, weeds, animal dander, and molds in urban children (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the protective effect of farm-living on the prevalence of atopy and overall allergic diseases, albeit not on particular allergic diseases, in children in Poland. The underlying mechanisms are not identified, but current socioeconomic changes may be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mazur
- a Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Szylling
- b Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Teresa Bielecka
- a Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Strzelak
- a Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marek Kulus
- a Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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