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Yan S, Zhao J, Han Y, Wang R, Bai K, Ge J, Pan Y, Zhao H. The Challenges in Investigating the Pathogenesis of Sensitive Skin by Noninvasive Measurements: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2023; 16:237-251. [PMID: 36726811 PMCID: PMC9885880 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s392925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive skin (SS) is a common cutaneous condition that seriously affects people's quality of life, but studies of sensitive skin pathogenesis are unclear, the exploration are ongoing, and the biophysical properties of sensitive skin disagree with the study results. In this paper, we summarize the noninvasive biophysical and imaging instrumental methods used for sensitive skin and provide support for the classification of sensitive skin subtypes to prescribe precise treatment. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines for articles from January 1971 to May 2022 that used noninvasive biophysical or imaging methods to monitor adult subjects with sensitive skin. The quality of the included articles was determined based on 22 items of the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. A total of 55 studies were included, representing 8 biophysical and 5 imaging methods and their applications in treatment efficacy evaluation studies. The biophysical parameter and cutaneous morphological property changes in sensitive skin subjects were observed. The quality of the studies was relatively low, and there was high variability in results between studies. Several parameters have shown tremendous potential in exploring the pathogenesis with different sensitive skin subtypes: type I may be detected with higher transepidermal water loss and lower stratum corneum hydration values, as well as with thinner epidermis with a shallower and more irregular honeycomb structure; Type II and III are more prone to higher blood flow, lower current perception threshold than normal skin. This systematic review identifies key reasons for the lack of uniform trends in noninvasive measurements and recommends the use of effective selection instruments or relevant parameters to explore the pathogenesis of sensitive skin, and to differentiate the subtypes of sensitive skin for achieving the precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Han
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Bai
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxin Ge
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yao Pan, Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 10048, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-10-68984937, Email
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
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van Erp PEJ, Peppelman M, Falcone D. Noninvasive analysis and minimally invasive in vivo experimental challenges of the skin barrier. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:867-875. [PMID: 30019358 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to give a concise and selective overview of noninvasive biophysical analysis techniques for skin barrier analysis (transepidermal water loss, electrical methods, confocal Raman microspectroscopy, sebumeter, reflectance spectrophotometry, tristimulus colorimetry, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy), including advantages and limitations. Rather than giving an exhaustive description of the many techniques currently available, we show the usefulness of a representative selection of techniques in the functional and morphological evaluation of the skin barrier. Furthermore, we introduce human minimally invasive skin challenging models as a means to study the mechanisms regulating skin homoeostasis and disease and subsequently show how biophysical analysis techniques can be combined with these in vivo skin challenging models in the functional and morphological evaluation of the skin barrier in healthy human skin. We are convinced that the widespread application of biophysical analysis techniques in dermatological practice and in cosmetic sciences will prove invaluable in offering personalized and noninvasive skin treatment solutions. Furthermore, combining the human in vivo challenging models with these novel noninvasive techniques will provide valuable methodology and tools for detailed characterization of the skin barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet E J van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malou Peppelman
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Falcone
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hussain H, Ziegler J, Hause G, Wohlrab J, Neubert RHH. Quantitative Analysis of Free Amino Acids and Urea Derived from Isolated Corneocytes of Healthy Young, Healthy Aged, and Diseased Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:94-100. [PMID: 30783061 DOI: 10.1159/000495992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Free amino acids (FAAs) and urea, present inside the corneocytes, can be important indicators of skin condition. However, due to the lack of a standard extraction protocol for FAAs from corneocytes, conflicting research results have been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to standardize the extraction protocol and (2) to investigate FAA profiles in healthy young and healthy old volunteers, as well as in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients. METHODS Skin samples were collected from four groups (healthy young, healthy old, and psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients) with 5 volunteers per group. Corneocytes were isolated and examined microscopically. FAAs and urea were extracted from the isolated corneocytes, and their amounts were quantified using LC-ESI/MS/MS (after derivatization with Fmoc-Cl) and colorimetric methods, respectively. RESULTS The micrographs of the corneocytes showed no morphological features attributable to age or disease conditions. The highest and lowest concentrations of total FAAs and urea were observed in the healthy old group and the healthy young group, respectively. Unlike the other FAAs and urea, citrulline was found at a higher level in the healthy young group than in the disease groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the levels of FAAs and urea in the skin are affected by age and skin conditions (healthy/diseased). However, further studies are needed to show the effects of different skin conditions on the levels of FAAs and urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Microscopy Unit, Biocenter of the University, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, .,Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
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Richters RJH, Uzunbajakava NE, Timofeeva N, van de Kerkhof PCM, van Erp PEJ. Development of a Novel Approach to Studying Corneodesmosomes and Stratum Corneum Adhesion: Extending Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Sensitive Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:81-93. [PMID: 30673682 DOI: 10.1159/000495070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Aberrant skin barrier and intercorneocyte adhesion are potential contributors to the pathomechanism of sensitive skin (SS). Here we aimed to develop a novel and easy-to-apply method to analyze corneodesmosomes and to interrogate potential differences between corneocytes of subjects with SS and non-SS (NSS). METHODS Corneocytes of the volar forearm and upper outer quadrant of the left buttock of SS (n = 10) and NSS (n = 8) subjects were extracted as a function of depth using adhesive tape and stained with anti-desmoglein 1 (DSG1) antibody. The total area of corneocytes and the number and average size of cells per tape was estimated using image processing. RESULTS The total area of extracted corneocytes and the quantity of DSG1 decreased with depth. The level of decrease, total area of corneocytes, and average area of individual cells differed between anatomical locations. In SS, a larger total area of extracted corneocytes and a larger average cell size per tape was found at all inspected depths. CONCLUSION The developed novel and easy-to-apply approach allows investigation of corneodesmosome components. We confirm a role of altered corneocytes in the pathomechanism of SS. The disclosed protocol can further be optimized in studies of skin conditions with strongly affected corneodesmosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J H Richters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Piet E J van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mueller S, Fischer M, Herger S, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Itin P, Cajacob L, Brandt O, Mündermann A. Good vibrations: Itch induction by whole body vibration exercise without the need of a pruritogen. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1390-1396. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mueller
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Marilena Fischer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Lucian Cajacob
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver Brandt
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
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