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Powell SK, O'Shea CP, Shannon SR, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Investigation of Schizophrenia with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 25:155-206. [PMID: 32578147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe neuropsychiatric condition manifested by cognitive, emotional, affective, perceptual, and behavioral abnormalities. Despite decades of research, the biological substrates driving the signs and symptoms of the disorder remain elusive, thus hampering progress in the development of treatments aimed at disease etiologies. The recent emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models has provided the field with a highly innovative approach to generate, study, and manipulate living neural tissue derived from patients, making possible the exploration of fundamental roles of genes and early-life stressors in disease-relevant cell types. Here, we begin with a brief overview of the clinical, epidemiological, and genetic aspects of the condition, with a focus on schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. We then highlight relevant technical advancements in hiPSC models and assess novel findings attained using hiPSC-based approaches and their implications for disease biology and treatment innovation. We close with a critical appraisal of the developments necessary for both further expanding knowledge of schizophrenia and the translation of new insights into therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Powell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Callan P O'Shea
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Rose Shannon
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Shum C, Dutan L, Annuario E, Warre-Cornish K, Taylor SE, Taylor RD, Andreae LC, Buckley NJ, Price J, Bhattacharyya S, Srivastava DP. Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 2-AG decreases neurite outgrowth and differentially affects ERK1/2 and Akt signaling in hiPSC-derived cortical neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 103:103463. [PMID: 31917333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids regulate different aspects of neurodevelopment. In utero exposure to the exogenous psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), has been linked with abnormal cortical development in animal models. However, much less is known about the actions of endocannabinoids in human neurons. Here we investigated the effect of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG) and Δ9-THC on the development of neuronal morphology and activation of signaling kinases, in cortical neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our data indicate that the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), but not the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R), GPR55 or TRPV1 receptors, is expressed in young, immature hiPSC-derived cortical neurons. Consistent with previous reports, 2AG and Δ9-THC negatively regulated neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, acute exposure to both 2AG and Δ9-THC inhibited phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), whereas Δ9-THC also reduced phosphorylation of Akt (aka PKB). Moreover, the CB1R inverse agonist SR 141716A attenuated the decrease in neurite outgrowth and ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by 2AG and Δ9-THC. Taken together, our data suggest that hiPSC-derived cortical neurons express CB1Rs and are responsive to exogenous cannabinoids. Thus, hiPSC-neurons may represent a good cellular model for investigating the role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating cellular processes in developing human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Shum
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Dutan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Annuario
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Warre-Cornish
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel E Taylor
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth D Taylor
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura C Andreae
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, UK
| | | | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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Guennewig B, Bitar M, Obiorah I, Hanks J, O’Brien EA, Kaczorowski DC, Hurd YL, Roussos P, Brennand KJ, Barry G. THC exposure of human iPSC neurons impacts genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:89. [PMID: 29691375 PMCID: PMC5915454 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong association between cannabis use and schizophrenia but the underlying cellular links are poorly understood. Neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a platform for investigating both baseline and dynamic changes in human neural cells. Here, we exposed neurons derived from hiPSCs to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and identified diagnosis-specific differences not detectable in vehicle-controls. RNA transcriptomic analyses revealed that THC administration, either by acute or chronic exposure, dampened the neuronal transcriptional response following potassium chloride (KCl)-induced neuronal depolarization. THC-treated neurons displayed significant synaptic, mitochondrial, and glutamate signaling alterations that may underlie their failure to activate appropriately; this blunted response resembles effects previously observed in schizophrenia hiPSC- derived neurons. Furthermore, we show a significant alteration in THC-related genes associated with autism and intellectual disability, suggesting shared molecular pathways perturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders that are exacerbated by THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Guennewig
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW Australia ,0000 0004 4902 0432grid.1005.4St. Vincent’s Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW Australia ,0000 0000 9983 6924grid.415306.5Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW Australia
| | - Maina Bitar
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Ifeanyi Obiorah
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - James Hanks
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Elizabeth A. O’Brien
- 0000 0001 2294 1395grid.1049.cQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Dominik C. Kaczorowski
- 0000 0000 9983 6924grid.415306.5Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW Australia
| | - Yasmin L. Hurd
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fMental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Kristen J. Brennand
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Guy Barry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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