1
|
Bramantoro T, Mardiyantoro F, Irmalia WR, Kristanti RA, Nugraha AP, Noor TEBTA, Fauzi AA, Tedjosasongko U. Early Childhood Caries, Masticatory Function, Child Early Cognitive, and Psychomotor Development: A Narrative Review. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:441-447. [PMID: 38049121 PMCID: PMC11150055 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is known as a global public health issue that has been affecting general health apart from its painful nature. Hence, it is undeniable that caries affecting young children or known as early childhood caries, also have an effect on children's general health. One of the interesting findings about caries is that it can also affect child growth and development, specifically on their cognitive and psychomotor ability. Untreated caries are linked to cognitive development through both neural and vascular pathways, with masticatory function as the key. Meanwhile, its effect on psychomotor development might be related to nutritional intake, which might slightly decline on those with caries. This review is aimed to describe the current findings of caries effect on early child development, from masticatory disturbance to further impacts on cognitive and psychomotor development. The overall conclusion of this review is that untreated severe caries in children are potentially associated negatively with their growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fredy Mardiyantoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wahyuning Ratih Irmalia
- Dental Public Health & Primary Health Care Research Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Risma Aprinda Kristanti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Asra Al Fauzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Udijanto Tedjosasongko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bramantoro T, Irmalia WR, Santoso CMA, Mohd Nor NA, Utomo H, Ramadhani A, Kristanti RA, Nugraha AP. The Effect of Caries on the Chewing Ability of Children: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1012-1019. [PMID: 36513344 PMCID: PMC10756727 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood caries might have several effects on the children's general health and growth, including chewing ability. This study aims to identify the evidences found regarding the effect of caries on the chewing ability of children through a scoping review. A scoping review literature search was performed in three databases (Scopus, PUBMED, and Web of Science) without restricting the publicized year. The selected articles were using human as its subjects and aiming to analyze the effects of caries on mastication ability in children. Ten articles matched the inclusion criteria of this review. All the articles suggested a deleterious effect of caries on masticatory performance, maximum bite force, swallowing threshold, and even masticatory behavior. Two of them stated that the effect was reversible by giving dental treatment. This scoping review concludes a negative effect of caries on the children's chewing ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nor Azlida Mohd Nor
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haryono Utomo
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Ramadhani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Risma Aprinda Kristanti
- Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanner L, Craig D, Holmes R, Catinella L, Moynihan P. Does Dental Caries Increase Risk of Undernutrition in Children? JDR Clin Trans Res 2022; 7:104-117. [PMID: 33797293 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic review of the evidence on the impact of dental caries on malnutrition risk in children was conducted. OBJECTIVES To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of dental caries severity and prevalence on risk of wasting or stunting in children. METHODS Four questions relating to caries of the permanent dentition, primary dentition, early childhood caries (ECC), and severe ECC as a risk factor for undernutrition were set. The target population was children aged 0 to 18 y from any country. Data sources included MEDLINE and Embase. All human epidemiological studies were included. Quality assessment excluded lowest-quality studies. Evidence synthesis by vote counting was depicted using harvest plots. A best available evidence approach was applied to narrative synthesis. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS Of the 2,690 studies identified, 447 were screened in duplicate; of these, 117 underwent quality assessment, resulting in 46 included studies, of which 38 were included in vote counting (3 quasi-experimental, 1 cohort, 1 case control, and 33 cross-sectional studies). For the permanent dentition, findings were mixed; the balance of data showed no association between caries prevalence (7/11 studies) or severity (8/17 studies) with wasting. For the primary dentition, the balance of data showed a positive association between caries prevalence (10/15 studies) and severity (12/15 studies) with wasting, as well as between-caries prevalence (4/5 studies) and severity (6/6 studies) with stunting. Considering ECC only did not alter this pattern of findings. CONCLUSION The balance of evidence suggests that dental caries in the primary dentition is associated with undernutrition. There is a need for well-designed trials on the impact of caries rehabilitation on growth trajectories of children from low- and middle-income countries and for prospective studies of the impact of caries severity on both stunting and wasting to confirm causality. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by policy makers when considering the importance of oral health in addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end all forms of malnutrition. The findings suggest that dental caries in the primary dentition may impair children's healthy weight gain. The findings indicate that higher-quality data are required to confirm a causal relationship and thus inform funding bodies of the need for research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to substantiate the current knowledge and inform clear and accurate policy statements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tanner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Holmes
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Catinella
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Moynihan
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Association of Dental Caries and Anthropometric Measures among Primary School Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030223. [PMID: 33805733 PMCID: PMC8001750 DOI: 10.3390/children8030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate an association between dental caries status and anthropometric measures in primary school children. Methods and Materials: An analytical cross-sectional study (n = 376) was conducted among primary school children (age range = 6–9 years) registered in private schools. Non-clinical data was gathered from parents of participating children through a self-administered structured questionnaire as well as from the children through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Clinical data included the examination of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index and anthropometric measures including calculated z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ), and physical examination. Inferential statistics included Kruskal Wallis and linear regression for univariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Results: The proportion of dental caries in primary and secondary dentition was 67.6% and 8.2% respectively. A significant association was observed between dental caries status and HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ (p < 0.001). An inverse relation was found between low, medium, and high dental caries categories and anthropometric measures. Conclusions: In the primary dentition, dental caries were significantly and inversely related to weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age. Hence, it can be concluded that among the low-income population dental caries is associated with lower anthropometric outcomes in children and therefore caries management should be considered an approach impacting overall health and quality of life.
Collapse
|
5
|
Madalena IR, Xavier TA, Cruz GV, Brancher JA, da Silva LAB, Paza AO, Segato RAB, Küchler EC. Evaluation of vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms with dental caries and developmental defects of enamel in Brazilian children. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Karki S, Päkkilä J, Ryhänen T, Laitala ML, Humagain M, Ojaniemi M, Anttonen V. Body mass index and dental caries experience in Nepalese schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47:346-357. [PMID: 31094008 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the severity of untreated dental caries among Nepalese schoolchildren and its association with their body mass index (BMI) using IOTF, WHO and Nepalese growth reference systems. METHODS This school-based clinical cross-sectional study was conducted with three WHO index age groups (5- to 6-, 12- and 15-year-olds) in 18 out of 75 districts of Nepal, selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 1135 schoolchildren were included in the study. A validated structured questionnaire was used to assess the children's oral hygiene practices and dietary habits. Clinical oral examinations investigated the status of untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth (dt/DT) along with its consequences (pufa/PUFA). Later, the grade of severity of untreated dental caries (GUDC) was determined using both dt/DT and pufa/PUFA. Height (cm), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm) and hip circumference (cm) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The findings were presented as proportions, and the chi-square test was performed to compare differences between groups. Generalized linear mixed models with random effects assessed the association between the severity of untreated dental caries and the BMI. RESULTS According to the IOTF, WHO and Nepalese growth reference systems, the overall proportions of children with a low BMI were 38.6%, 15.4% and 12.8%, and those with a high BMI were 7.9%, 4.6% and 8.4%, respectively. Untreated dental caries was common among the youngest age group and those with infrequent tooth brushing habits or frequent consumption of sweet bakery products, sweets or candy, or tea with sugar. Neither a low nor a high BMI was associated either with dt + DT or with pufa + PUFA, after adjusting for confounders. However, both a low and a high BMI (all three references) were associated with the severity of dental caries or GUDC. CONCLUSION Regardless of the growth reference system used, children with either low or high BMI may be at risk of developing untreated dental caries lesions and related consequences. Both underweight and overweight/obese and dental caries share common risk factors, mostly dietary. Preventive and intervention approaches/strategies such as behavioural and dietary modifications should be implemented to improve both children's oral health and their nutrition in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saujanya Karki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jari Päkkilä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapio Ryhänen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Manoj Humagain
- School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, PEDEGO Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|