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Lu X, Guo C, Zhu Y. Selenium-enriched crude polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt ameliorates cadmium-induced acute kidney injury in mice by modulating intestinal microorganisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19678. [PMID: 37809572 PMCID: PMC10558930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can cause serious damage to the body. It can trigger the oxidative stress response and damage various organs of the body (kidney, liver, brain, lung, testis, etc.). Selenium polysaccharides are considered to possess better antioxidant, immune regulation, and heavy metal removal activities than other polysaccharides, But few reports focused on Selenium Polysaccharides in Rosa roxburghii Tratt. The purpose of this study was to isolate crude polysaccharides (RRP), and crude Selenium polysaccharides (SeRRP) from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and determine their structure, antioxidant activity, and protective effects on cadmium-exposed mice (PONY-2020-FL-62). Results showed that SeRRP had lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The intake of food and body weight decreased, while the kidney index and liver index increased significantly after acute cadmium exposure. Most significantly, SeRRP ameliorates kidney injury by improving the kidney index. Furthermore, changes in the gut microbiota may be related to SeRRP or RRP. SeRRP and RRP decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcaceae, etc.). These findings indicate that SeRRP and RRP have the potential to be functional food against oxidant and heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Coppola A, Zorzetto G, Piacentino F, Bettoni V, Pastore I, Marra P, Perani L, Esposito A, De Cobelli F, Carcano G, Fontana F, Fiorina P, Venturini M. Imaging in experimental models of diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:147-161. [PMID: 34779949 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Translational medicine, experimental medicine and experimental animal models, in particular mice and rats, represent a multidisciplinary field that has made it possible to achieve, in the last decades, important scientific progress. In this review, we have summarized the most frequently used imaging animal models, such as ultrasound (US), micro-CT, MRI and the optical imaging methods, and their main implications in diagnostic and therapeutic fields, with a particular focus on diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial disease extremely widespread among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppola
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Filippo Piacentino
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Valeria Bettoni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Milano-Bicocca University, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
- General, Emergency, and Transplant Surgery Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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Palau V, Villanueva S, Jarrín J, Benito D, Márquez E, Rodríguez E, Soler MJ, Oliveras A, Gimeno J, Sans L, Crespo M, Pascual J, Barrios C, Riera M. Redefining the Role of ADAM17 in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells and Its Implications in an Obese Mouse Model of Pre-Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313093. [PMID: 34884897 PMCID: PMC8657896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney lesions induce an increase in A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) that cleaves several transmembrane proteins related to inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Our group has demonstrated that renal ADAM17 is upregulated in diabetic mice and its inhibition decreases renal inflammation and fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how Adam17 deletion in proximal tubules affects different renal structures in an obese mice model. Tubular Adam17 knockout male mice and their controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks. Glucose tolerance, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, renal histology, and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were evaluated. Results showed that wild-type mice fed an HFD became obese with glucose intolerance and renal histological alterations mimicking a pre-diabetic condition; consequently, greater glomerular size and mesangial expansion were observed. Adam17 tubular deletion improved glucose tolerance and protected animals against glomerular injury and prevented podocyte loss in HFD mice. In addition, HFD mice showed more glomerular macrophages and collagen accumulation, which was prevented by Adam17 deletion. Galectin-3 expression increased in the proximal tubules and glomeruli of HFD mice and ameliorated with Adam17 deletion. In conclusion, Adam17 in proximal tubules influences glucose tolerance and participates in the kidney injury in an obese pre-diabetic murine model. The role of ADAM17 in the tubule impacts on glomerular inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Palau
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Sofia Villanueva
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Josué Jarrín
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - David Benito
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Eva Márquez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - María José Soler
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Oliveras
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Gimeno
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laia Sans
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Marta Crespo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.R.); Tel.: +34-65-004-2149 (C.B.); +34-93-316-0626 (M.R.)
| | - Marta Riera
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (V.P.); (S.V.); (J.J.); (D.B.); (E.M.); (E.R.); (A.O.); (L.S.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.R.); Tel.: +34-65-004-2149 (C.B.); +34-93-316-0626 (M.R.)
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Onishi K, Fu HY, Sofue T, Tobiume A, Moritoki M, Saiga H, Ohmura-Hoshino M, Hoshino K, Minamino T. Galectin-9 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothermia and kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 26:226-233. [PMID: 34698914 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifunctional lectin that moderates inflammation and organ damage. In this study, we tested whether Gal-9 has a protective role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemic acute kidney injury. METHODS We examined the levels of Gal-9 in control mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. We developed Gal-9 knockout (KO) mice that lack Gal-9 systemically and evaluated the role of Gal-9 in LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, vascular permeability, and renal injury. RESULTS Gal-9 levels were increased in the plasma, kidney, and spleen within 4 h after LPS administration to wild-type mice. Gal-9 deficiency did not affect the LPS-induced increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α levels at 1 h or vascular permeability at 6 h. Lower urine volume and reduced creatinine clearance were observed in Gal-9-KO mice compared with wild-type mice after LPS administration. Gal-9-KO mice had limited improvement in urine volume after fluid resuscitation compared with wild-type mice. LPS reduced the body temperature 12 h after its administration. Hypothermia had disappeared in wild-type mice by 24 h, whereas it was sustained until 24 h in Gal-9-KO mice. Importantly, maintaining body temperature in Gal-9-KO mice improved the response of urine flow to fluid resuscitation. CONCLUSION Deficiency in Gal-9 worsened LPS-induced hypothermia and kidney injury in mice. The accelerated hypothermia induced by Gal-9 deficiency contributed to the blunted response to fluid resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Onishi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masahiro Moritoki
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saiga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mari Ohmura-Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, 1200 Kayo-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie, 512-8045, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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5
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Smyrli M, Tsouka G, Oikonomaki T, Apostolou T, Vougas V. Resistive Renal Index of the Recipient and its Correlation With the Outcome of Kidney Transplantation at the End of the First Year: Preliminary Results. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2760-2764. [PMID: 34565580 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal resistive index (RRI) of ultrasonography is a useful and potent tool for the assessment of patients who have undergone transplantations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of RRI with renal function 1 year after transplant. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 93 kidney allograft recipients. Data were collected from transplantations performed in our medical center between January 2014 and September 2018. Patients with acute loss of the renal function and renal survival <1 year were excluded from the study. We longitudinally compared the RRI at the first week after transplant and the third month, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) at the end of the first year of transplantation. RRI was divided into 2 groups (RRI ≤0.80 or >0.80). RESULTS From the total of 86 recipients, 59 (68.6%) were male recipients and 27 female recipients with a mean age of 48.3 ± 12.1 years. No correlations were found between the first week's RRI with sex and age of both donors and recipients (P > .05). Similarly, the first week's RRI was not correlated with delayed graft function (DGF) and 1-year eGFR after transplant (P > .05). On the contrary, RRI performed at the third month was strongly correlated to DGF and eGFR at the end of the first year. Last but not least, neither higher recipient age nor sex affects the value of resistive index in the third month after transplantation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS RRI values <0.80 in the third month after kidney transplantation were related to better annual renal function and a lower incidence of DGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Smyrli
- Nephrology Department, Antonios G Billis, General Hospital of Evaggelismos, Athens, Greece.
| | - Glykeria Tsouka
- Nephrology Department, Antonios G Billis, General Hospital of Evaggelismos, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Oikonomaki
- Nephrology Department, Antonios G Billis, General Hospital of Evaggelismos, Athens, Greece
| | - Theofanis Apostolou
- Nephrology Department, Antonios G Billis, General Hospital of Evaggelismos, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Vougas
- 1st Surgical Clinic/Transplantation Unit, General Hospital of Evaggelismos, Athens, Greece
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6
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Wild J, Jung R, Knopp T, Efentakis P, Benaki D, Grill A, Wegner J, Molitor M, Garlapati V, Rakova N, Markó L, Marton A, Mikros E, Münzel T, Kossmann S, Rauh M, Nakano D, Kitada K, Luft F, Waisman A, Wenzel P, Titze J, Karbach S. Aestivation motifs explain hypertension and muscle mass loss in mice with psoriatic skin barrier defect. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13628. [PMID: 33590724 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent evidence suggests that arterial hypertension could be alternatively explained as a physiological adaptation response to water shortage, termed aestivation, which relies on complex multi-organ metabolic adjustments to prevent dehydration. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic water loss across diseased skin leads to similar adaptive water conservation responses as observed in experimental renal failure or high salt diet. METHODS We studied mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of IL-17A which develop severe psoriasis-like skin disease. We measured transepidermal water loss and solute and water excretion in the urine. We quantified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by intravital microscopy, and energy and nitrogen pathways by metabolomics. We measured skin blood flow and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in conjunction with renal resistive indices and arterial blood pressure. RESULTS Psoriatic animals lost large amounts of water across their defective cutaneous epithelial barrier. Metabolic adaptive water conservation included mobilization of nitrogen and energy from muscle to increase organic osmolyte production, solute-driven maximal anti-diuresis at normal GFR, increased metanephrine and angiotensin 2 levels, and cutaneous vasoconstriction to limit TEWL. Heat exposure led to cutaneous vasodilation and blood pressure normalization without parallel changes in renal resistive index, albeit at the expense of further increased TEWL. CONCLUSION Severe cutaneous water loss predisposes psoriatic mice to lethal dehydration. In response to this dehydration stress, the mice activate aestivation-like water conservation motifs to maintain their body hydration status. The circulatory water conservation response explains their arterial hypertension. The nitrogen-dependency of the metabolic water conservation response explains their catabolic muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Knopp
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Alexandra Grill
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Joanna Wegner
- Department of Dermatology Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Natalia Rakova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research CenterMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - Adriana Marton
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of AthensPanepistimiopolis of Zographou Athens Greece
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | | | - Manfred Rauh
- Research Laboratory Division of Paediatrics University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki‐cho Kagawa Japan
| | - Kento Kitada
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Miki‐cho Kagawa Japan
| | - Friedrich Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research CenterMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University Clinic Erlangen Erlangen Germany
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic DisordersDuke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Division of Nephrology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Center for Cardiology Cardiology IJohannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
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7
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Giralt-López A, Molina-Van den Bosch M, Vergara A, García-Carro C, Seron D, Jacobs-Cachá C, Soler MJ. Revisiting Experimental Models of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103587. [PMID: 32438732 PMCID: PMC7278948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is constantly increasing and, nowadays, it affects more than 350 million people worldwide. Therefore, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has also increased, becoming the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the developed world. DN is characterized by albuminuria, a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hypertension, mesangial matrix expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The therapeutic advances in the last years have been able to modify and delay the natural course of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, there is still an urgent need to characterize the pathways that are involved in DN, identify risk biomarkers and prevent kidney failure in diabetic patients. Rodent models provide valuable information regarding how DN is set and its progression through time. Despite the utility of these models, kidney disease progression depends on the diabetes induction method and susceptibility to diabetes of each experimental strain. The classical DN murine models (Streptozotocin-induced, Akita, or obese type 2 models) do not develop all of the typical DN features. For this reason, many models have been crossed to a susceptible genetic background. Knockout and transgenic strains have also been created to generate more robust models. In this review, we will focus on the description of the new DN rodent models and, additionally, we will provide an overview of the available methods for renal phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giralt-López
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
| | - Mireia Molina-Van den Bosch
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara García-Carro
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Seron
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Jacobs-Cachá
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.-C.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.-C.); (M.J.S.)
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8
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Aroor AR, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Renal resistive index as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular and kidney risk reduction in type II diabetes. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:231-233. [PMID: 32003929 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Habibi J, Aroor AR, Das NA, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Johnson MS, Hayden MR, Nistala R, Wiedmeyer C, Chandrasekar B, DeMarco VG. The combination of a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and angiotensin-II receptor blocker (valsartan) attenuates glomerular and tubular injury in the Zucker Obese rat. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:40. [PMID: 30909895 PMCID: PMC6432760 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, proteinuria and remodeling. Here we examined whether the combination of an inhibitor of neprilysin (sacubitril), a natriuretic peptide-degrading enzyme, and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (valsartan), suppresses renal injury in a pre-clinical model of early DN more effectively than valsartan monotherapy. METHODS Sixty-four male Zucker Obese rats (ZO) at 16 weeks of age were distributed into 4 different groups: Group 1: saline control (ZOC); Group 2: sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) (68 mg kg-1 day-1; ZOSV); and Group 3: valsartan (val) (31 mg kg-1 day-1; ZOV). Group 4 received hydralazine, an anti-hypertensive drug (30 mg kg-1 day-1, ZOH). Six Zucker Lean (ZL) rats received saline (Group 5) and served as lean controls (ZLC). Drugs were administered daily for 10 weeks by oral gavage. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased in ZOC (+ 28%), but not in ZOSV (- 4.2%), ZOV (- 3.9%) or ZOH (- 3.7%), during the 10 week-study period. ZOC were mildly hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and hypercholesterolemic. ZOC exhibited proteinuria, hyperfiltration, elevated renal resistivity index (RRI), glomerular mesangial expansion and podocyte foot process flattening and effacement, reduced nephrin and podocin expression, tubulointerstitial and periarterial fibrosis, increased NOX2, NOX4 and AT1R expression, glomerular and tubular nitroso-oxidative stress, with associated increases in urinary markers of tubular injury. None of the drugs reduced fasting glucose or HbA1c. Hypercholesterolemia was reduced in ZOSV (- 43%) and ZOV (- 34%) (p < 0.05), but not in ZOH (- 13%) (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). Proteinuria was ameliorated in ZOSV (- 47%; p < 0.05) and ZOV (- 30%; p > 0.05), but was exacerbated in ZOH (+ 28%; p > 0.05) (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). Compared to ZOC, hyperfiltration was improved in ZOSV (p < 0.05 vs ZOC), but not in ZOV or ZOH. None of the drugs improved RRI. Mesangial expansion was reduced by all 3 treatments (ZOV > ZOSV > ZOH). Importantly, sac/val was more effective in improving podocyte and tubular mitochondrial ultrastructure than val or hydralazine (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH) and this was associated with increases in nephrin and podocin gene expression in ZOSV (p < 0.05), but not ZOV or ZOH. Periarterial and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and nitroso-oxidative stress were reduced in all 3 treatment groups to a similar extent. Of the eight urinary proximal tubule cell injury markers examined, five were elevated in ZOC (p < 0.05). Clusterin and KIM-1 were reduced in ZOSV (p < 0.05), clusterin alone was reduced in ZOV and no markers were reduced in ZOH (ZOSV > ZOV > ZOH). CONCLUSIONS Compared to val monotherapy, sac/val was more effective in reducing proteinuria, renal ultrastructure and tubular injury in a clinically relevant animal model of early DN. More importantly, these renoprotective effects were independent of improvements in blood pressure, glycemia and nitroso-oxidative stress. These novel findings warrant future clinical investigations designed to test whether sac/val may offer renoprotection in the setting of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nitin A Das
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Camila M Manrique-Acevedo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Megan S Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles Wiedmeyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Missour, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, D110, DC043.0, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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