1
|
Noor G, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Singh B, Ahmad M, Khan MI. An outlook on the target-based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5058-5079. [PMID: 37528656 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the essential defense mechanisms. Immune system inadequacy increases the risk of infections and cancer diseases, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergies or autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulators have been used in the treatment of immune-related diseases. There is growing interest in using herbal medicines as multicomponent agents to modulate the complex immune system in immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic phytochemicals showed immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms. This mechanism includes stimulation of lymphoid cell, phagocytosis, macrophage, and cellular immune function enhancement. In addition increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin production, total white cell count, and inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines that influenced the immune system. This review aims to overview, widely investigated plant-derived phytoconstituents by targeting cells to modulate cellular and humoral immunity in in vivo and in vitro. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of plant-based immunomodulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gazala Noor
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhuwanendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, S.D. College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Matos IAF, Fernandes NAR, Cirelli G, de Godoi MA, de Assis LR, Regasini LO, Rossa Junior C, Guimarães-Stabili MR. Chalcone T4 Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Stimulates Osteogenesis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087624. [PMID: 37108787 PMCID: PMC10141037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are phenolic compounds produced during the biosynthesis of flavonoids that have numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer. In this in vitro study, we investigate a newly synthesized chalcone (Chalcone T4) in the context of bone turnover, specifically on the modulation of osteoclast differentiation and activity and osteoblast differentiation. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were used as models of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Differentiation and activity osteoclasts were induced by RANKL in the presence and absence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of Chalcone T4, added in different periods during osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast differentiation and activity were assessed by actin ring formation and resorption pit assay, respectively. Expression of osteoclast-specific markers (Nfatc1, Oscar, Acp5, Mmp-9 and Ctsk) was determined by RT-qPCR, and the activation status of relevant intracellular signaling pathways (MAPK, AKT and NF-kB) by Western blot. Osteoblast differentiation and activity was induced by osteogenic culture medium in the presence and absence of the same concentrations of Chalcone T4. Outcomes assessed were the formation of mineralization nodules via alizarin red staining and the expression of osteoblast-related genes (Alp e Runx2) by RT-qPCR. Chalcone T4 reduced RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity, suppressed Oscar, Acp5 and Mmp-9 expression, and decreased ERK and AKT activation in a dose-dependent manner. Nfact1 expression and NF-kB phosphorylation were not modulated by the compound. Mineralized matrix formation and the expression of Alp and Runx2 by MC3T3-E1 cells were markedly stimulated by Chalcone T4. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Chalcone T4 inhibits in osteoclast differentiation and activity and stimulates osteogenesis, which indicates a promising therapeutic potential in osteolytic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Augusta Fernandes de Matos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giovani Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariely Araújo de Godoi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Morgana Rodrigues Guimarães-Stabili
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tuli HS, Garg VK, Mehta JK, Kaur G, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Sak K, Kumar A, Varol M, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Kaur J, Gillan R, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1419-1448. [PMID: 36474507 PMCID: PMC9719702 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s366630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly lethal disease, and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide over the past few decades. Although chemotherapeutics and surgery are widely used in clinical settings, they are often insufficient to provide the cure for cancer patients. Hence, more effective treatment options are highly needed. Although licorice has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms behind its diverse bioactivities is still rather new. In this review article, different anticancer properties (antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of various bioactive constituents of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) are thoroughly described. Multiple licorice constituents have been shown to bind to and inhibit the activities of various cellular targets, including B-cell lymphoma 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-3, resulting in reduced carcinogenesis in several in vitro and in vivo models with no evident toxicity. Emerging evidence is bringing forth licorice as an anticancer agent as well as bottlenecks in its potential clinical application. It is expected that overcoming toxicity-related obstacles by using novel nanotechnological methods might importantly facilitate the use of anticancer properties of licorice-derived phytochemicals in the future. Therefore, anticancer studies with licorice components must be continued. Overall, licorice could be a natural alternative to the present medication for eradicating new emergent illnesses while having just minor side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jinit K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Gillan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yahya MA, Alshammari GM, Osman MA, Al-Harbi LN, Yagoub AEA, AlSedairy SA. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and through activating Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
Zhang R, Hong F, Zhao M, Cai X, Jiang X, Ye N, Su K, Li N, Tang M, Ma X, Ni H, Wang L, Wan L, Chen L, Wu W, Ye H. New Highly Potent NLRP3 Inhibitors: Furanochalcone Velutone F Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:560-569. [PMID: 35450356 PMCID: PMC9014504 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has now emerged as one of the most appealing drug targets for many inflammation-related diseases. Velutone F, a natural NLPR3 inhibitor, identified in our previous study has been limited in application by its low in planta abundance, weak activity, and complicated synthetic routes. To address these needs, structural optimization of velutone F led to a series of novel NLRP3 inhibitors. Among them, compound 14c exerted remarkable inhibitory activity with an IC50 value in the nanomolar range (251.1 nM) and was approximately 5-fold more potent than velutone F. Moreover, the synthesis method of 14c was simple, easy to handle, and scalable. Compound 14c could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation by attenuating ASC speck formation. Most importantly, compound 14c reduced peritoneal neutrophil influx in mice and IL-1β in the spleen in the MSU-induced peritonitis in LPS-primed mouse model. Taken together, compound 14c is a prospective lead compound in the discovery of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Neng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hengfan Ni
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wan
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhu Z, Chen T, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9523071. [PMID: 35082907 PMCID: PMC8786487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9523071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the most frequently prescribed natural medicine in China and has been used for more than 2,000 years. The flavonoids of licorice have garnered considerable attention in recent decades due to their structural diversity and myriad pharmacological effects, especially as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation and cancer. Although many articles have been published to summarize different pharmacological activities of licorice in recent years, the systematic summary for flavonoid components is not comprehensive. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the pharmacological and mechanistic data from recent researches on licorice flavonoids and their bioactive components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Xu G, Li Z, Xiao X, Tang J, Bai Z. NLRP3 Inflammasome Pharmacological Inhibitors in Glycyrrhiza for NLRP3-Driven Diseases Treatment: Extinguishing the Fire of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:409-422. [PMID: 35082510 PMCID: PMC8784972 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the tissues’ defense response after the body is stimulated by microbial infection or damage signals, and it is initiated when pattern recognition receptors recognize pathogen-related molecular patterns and danger-related molecular patterns. The hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the main driving force of immune outbreaks, is involved in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, growing evidence has indicated that the development of NLRP3-targeted therapies offers great potential and promise for the treatment of related diseases. The search for and development of efficacious anti-inflammatory prodrugs from natural sources of plants and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have received extensive attention. Glycyrrhiza, an important minister in the kingdom of TCMs, has high activity and a wide range of therapeutic effects. Studies have shown that a variety of active components found in Glycyrrhiza, such as licochalcone A, echinatin, isoliquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin, produce a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects by discouraging NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we summarize the role and mechanism of the active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza that target the NLRP3 inflammasome and treat related inflammatory diseases. We describe a favorable approach for the development of natural, safe, and efficient drugs that exploit these naturally occurring active ingredients to treat NLRP3-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Xu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic Of China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic Of China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianyuan Tang; Zhaofang Bai Email ;
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic Of China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho M, Bu Y, Park JW, Rahman H, Ko SJ. Efficacy of complementary medicine for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal injuries: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28005. [PMID: 35049210 PMCID: PMC9191556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injuries (NSIs) have been largely ignored for decades due to the focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. With the visualization of the small intestines enabled by video capsule endoscopy, the frequency and severity of NSIs have become more evident. NSIs have a complex pathophysiology, and no effective preventive or treatment options have been proven. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been used to treat disorders of the small intestine, and more research on its effectiveness for NSIs has been conducted.We reviewed the current evidence and mechanisms of action of CAMs on NSI. Clinical and experimental studies on the effect of CAMs on NSIs were performed using 10 databases.Twenty-two studies (3 clinical and 19 in vivo experimental studies) were included in the final analysis involving 10 kinds of CAMs: bovine colostrum, Orengedokuto (coptis), muscovite, licorice, grape seed, wheat, brown seaweed, Ganoderma lucidum fungus mycelia, Chaenomeles speciosa (sweet) Nakai (muguasantie), and Jinghua Weikang capsule. The mechanisms of CAM include an increase in prostaglandin E2, reparation of the enteric nervous system, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduction of intestinal permeability and enteric bacterial numbers, decrease in oxidative stress, and modulation of small intestinal motility.CAM may be a novel alternative option for treating and preventing NSI, and further studies on human and animal models with relevant comorbidities are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi HR, Lim H, Lee JH, Park H, Kim HP. Interruption of Helicobacter pylori-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Chalcone Derivatives. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:410-418. [PMID: 33653970 PMCID: PMC8255143 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis through cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and flagellin as pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs), which, in combination with the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells promotes the expression and secretion of inflammation-causing cytokines and activates innate immune responses such as inflammasomes. To identify useful compounds against H. pylori-associated gastric disorders, the effect of chalcone derivatives to activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was examined in an H. pylori-infected human monocytic THP-1 cell line in this study. Among the five synthetic structurally-related chalcone derivatives examined, 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone (8) and 2'-hydroxy-3,4,5- trimethoxychalcone (12) strongly blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome in H. pylori-infected THP-1 cells. At 10 μM, these compounds inhibited the production of active IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization, but did not affect the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. The interruption of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by these compounds was found to be mediated via the inhibition of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4)/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. These compounds also inhibited caspase-4 production associated with non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results show for the first time that certain chalcones could interrupt the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in H. pylori-infected THP-1 cells. Therefore, these chalcones may be helpful in alleviating H. pylori-related inflammatory disorders including chronic gastritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ri Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeil Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Yang Q, Zhou X, Chen T, Dou L, Wang F, Wang W. Shenling Baizhu Powder Inhibits RV-SA11-Induced Inflammation and Rotavirus Enteritis via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642685. [PMID: 33897431 PMCID: PMC8062900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus enteritis (RVE) is a common acute intestinal infectious disease caused by rotavirus infection. It is an important cause of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. Shenling baizhu powder (SBP), a classic traditional Chinese formulation, is one of the most popularly prescribed medicines for digestive diseases. Clinical studies have revealed the protective effects of SBP on RVE. However, the potential mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-rotavirus effect of SBP and its mechanism, focusing on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that, based on the inhibition of the virus-induced cytopathic effect in Caco-2 cells, the concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) of SBP for RV-SA11 in the serum were 5.911% and 11.63, respectively. A total of 219 active compounds with oral bioavailability ≥30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18 were selected from the 10 ingredients present in the formulation of SBP, which acted on 471 potential targets. A total of 226 target genes of RVE were obtained from the GeneCards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network showed that there was a close interaction between 44 common targets of SBP and RVE. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that SBP acted on RVE through various inflammatory pathways and the intestinal immune network. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of SBP on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. After infection with RV- SA11, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA and protein increased significantly, which could be abolished by SBP treatment. In addition, the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β levels increased markedly in Caco-2 cells infected with RV-SV11. Treatment with SBP partly reversed the changes of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, while further increased the level of IFN-β. In conclusion, our study revealed that SBP can significantly inhibit rotavirus replication and proliferation in vitro. The antiviral effect may be related to the regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, followed by the down regulation of inflammatory cytokines and up regulation of IFN-β induced by rotavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Linyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital-Endoscopic Centre, Linyi, China
| | - Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Dou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Furong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernandes NAR, Camilli AC, Maldonado LAG, Pacheco CGP, Silva AF, Molon RS, Spolidorio LC, Ribeiro de Assis L, Regasini LO, Rossa Junior C, Guimarães-Stabili MR. Chalcone T4, a novel chalconic compound, inhibits inflammatory bone resorption in vivo and suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:569-578. [PMID: 33641160 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of a novel synthetic chalcone, Chalcone T4, on a murine model of periodontitis and on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. BACKGROUND Chalcones are natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, and its synthetic analogs with enhanced biological effects have potential as therapeutic agents. Periodontitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontium and alveolar bone resorption. Safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents can have an important additive effect in the treatment in this disease. METHODS Periodontitis was induced via the installation of a ligature around the first molar. Rats (n = 32) received Chalcone T4 (5 and 50 mg/kg) or distilled water by gavage daily for 15 days. Outcomes assessed were bone resorption (μCT), TNF-α production (ELISA), cellular infiltrate, and collagen content (stereometric analysis, CD45+ cells by immunohistochemistry), and activation of NFATc1 and NF-kB (immunohistochemistry). In vitro, RAW 264.7 were treated with Chalcone T4 and stimulated with RANKL for assessment of osteoclast differentiation (actin ring staining) and activity (pit assay). RESULTS Chalcone T4 significantly reduced periodontitis-associated bone resorption, as well as the cellular infiltrate, while increasing the collagen content. Production of TNF-α, infiltration of CD45-positive cells, and NF-kB activation were markedly reduced. In vitro, chalcone T4 inhibited both osteoclast differentiation and activity. CONCLUSION Chalcone T4 significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in vivo and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, suggesting a therapeutic role for this compound in the treatment of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Constantino Camilli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Andrea Gonzalez Maldonado
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cindy Grace Pérez Pacheco
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Favoreto Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Scaf Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparative Study on the Chemical Components and Gastrointestinal Function on Rats of the Raw Product and Licorice-Simmered Product of Polygala tenuifolia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8855536. [PMID: 33505508 PMCID: PMC7810529 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8855536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (Polygalaceae) (PT) has been listed as a nootropic, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic medicine that can cure insomnia. Raw PT (RPT) is toxic and must be processed before clinical use. Licorice-simmered PT (LPT) is one of the most common processed products. We conducted this study in order to investigate the differences in chemical components and gastrointestinal function between RPT and LPT. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative analysis to study the differences in the chemical components. Animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of PT on the gastrointestinal function of rats before and after simmering. Pathological sections of gastrointestinal tissues, serum hormone levels, and inflammatory cytokines were observed. The PCA results demonstrated that obvious separation was achieved between the RPT and LPT samples. Tenuifoliside B (TFSB), 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DSS), tenuifoliose A (TFOA), tenuifoliose H (TFOH), onjisaponin B (OJB), onjisaponin Z (OJZ), and total saponins levels were decreased after licorice processing, while glomeratose A (GA) and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) levels were markedly increased. Compared to the control group, the RPT groups exhibited dramatically lower levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and substance P (SP) and markedly higher levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SS), but the LPT groups exhibited no significant differences in the above indexes. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gastrointestinal tissue were markedly increased in the low RPT (L-RPT), high RPT (H-RPT), and H-LPT groups, showing a certain inflammatory effect, but the inflammatory effect in the L-LPT group was relatively weak. Licorice simmering can effectively reduce the inhibitory effect of RPT on gastrointestinal function in rats and reduce damage to gastrointestinal tissue. This study provides a scientific basis for research on the processing mechanism and clinical application of PT.
Collapse
|
13
|
Owona BA, Abia WA, Moundipa PF. Natural compounds flavonoids as modulators of inflammasomes in chronic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106498. [PMID: 32304996 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dietary or medicinal plant based natural compounds to disease treatment has become a unique trend in clinical research. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenolic compounds have drawn significant attention due to their modulatory effects on inflammasomes associated with the initiation and progression of chronic disorders including metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this article, the role of most commonly studied natural flavonoids with their disease-specific impact via inflammasomes as a potential molecular target has been described. Since the role of inflammation is evident in multiple diseases, flavonoids may serve as a promising tool in drug discovery for the intervention of chronic diseases by manipulating the status of inflammation via inflammasome targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Ayissi Owona
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO 812 AEFAS Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
| | - Wilfred Angie Abia
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO 812 AEFAS Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO 812 AEFAS Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Natural Chalcones in Chinese Materia Medica: Licorice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3821248. [PMID: 32256642 PMCID: PMC7102474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3821248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is an important Chinese materia medica frequently used in clinical practice, which contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. Chalcone, one of the major classes of flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities and is widely distributed in nature. To date, about 42 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice. These chalcones play a pivotal role when licorice exerts its pharmacological effects. According to the research reports, these compounds have a wide range of biological activities, containing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidepressive, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. This review aims to summarize structures and biological activities of chalcones from licorice. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the further studies of chalcones from licorice.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hung W, Ho C, Pan M. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroinflammation: Health Promoting Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900550. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Lun Hung
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|