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Kuroda Y, Saito Y, Enomoto Y, Naruto T, Kurosawa K. A novel ACTB variant in an atypical case of Baraitser-Winter syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and diaphragmatic hernia. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:75-78. [PMID: 38348958 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
| | - Yoko Saito
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
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2
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Reed AE, Peraza J, van den Haak F, Hernandez ER, Gibbs RA, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Marchi E, Reshef R, Alobeid B, Mace EM, Orange JS. β-Actin G342D as a Cause of NK Cell Deficiency Impairing Lytic Synapse Termination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:962-973. [PMID: 38315012 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when an individual's major clinical immunodeficiency derives from abnormal NK cells and is associated with several genetic etiologies. Three categories of β-actin-related diseases with over 60 ACTB (β-actin) variants have previously been identified, none with a distinct NK cell phenotype. An individual with mild developmental delay, macrothrombocytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, molluscum contagiosum virus, and EBV-associated lymphoma had functional NKD for over a decade. A de novo ACTB variant encoding G342D β-actin was identified and was consistent with the individual's developmental and platelet phenotype. This novel variant also was found to have direct impact in NK cells because its expression in the human NK cell line YTS (YTS-NKD) caused increased cell spreading in lytic immune synapses created on activating surfaces. YTS-NKD cells were able to degranulate and perform cytotoxicity, but they demonstrated defective serial killing because of prolonged conjugation to the killed target cell and thus were effectively unable to terminate lytic synapses. G342D β-actin results in a novel, to our knowledge, mechanism of functional NKD via increased synaptic spreading and defective lytic synapse termination with resulting impaired serial killing, leading to overall reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jackeline Peraza
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Frederique van den Haak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evelyn R Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, NCI Designated Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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3
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Ghiselli S, Parmeggiani G, Zambonini G, Cuda D. Hearing Loss in Baraitser-Winter Syndrome: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1500. [PMID: 38592426 PMCID: PMC10935159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Baraitser-Winter Syndrome (BRWS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition associated with hearing loss (HL). In the literature, two types of this condition are reported, Baraitser-Winter type 1 (BRWS1) and type 2 (BRWS2) produced by specific pathogenetic variants of two different genes, ACTB for BRWS1 and ACTG1 for BRWS2. In addition to syndromic BRWS2, some pathogenic variants in ACTG1 are associated also to another pathologic entity, the "Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss 20/26". In these syndromes, typical craniofacial features, sensory impairment (vision and hearing) and intellectual disabilities are frequently present. Heart anomalies, renal and gastrointestinal involvement and seizure are also common. Wide inter- and intra-familial variety in the phenotypic spectrum is reported. Some phenotypic aspects of these syndromes are not yet fully described, such as the degree and progression of HL, and better knowledge of them could be useful for correct follow-up and treatment. Methods and Results: In this study, we report two cases of children with HL and diagnosis of BRWS and a review of the current literature on HL in these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghiselli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Giulia Zambonini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Cuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, AUSL Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (G.Z.); (D.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
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Valencia AM, Sankar A, van der Sluijs PJ, Satterstrom FK, Fu J, Talkowski ME, Vergano SAS, Santen GWE, Kadoch C. Landscape of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex perturbations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1400-1412. [PMID: 37500730 PMCID: PMC10412456 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing-based studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified a wide range of genetic determinants. However, a comprehensive analysis of these data, in aggregate, has not to date been performed. Here, we find that genes encoding the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein complexes harbor the greatest number of de novo missense and protein-truncating variants among nuclear protein complexes. Non-truncating NDD-associated protein variants predominantly disrupt the cBAF subcomplex and cluster in four key structural regions associated with high disease severity, including mSWI/SNF-nucleosome interfaces, the ATPase-core ARID-armadillo repeat (ARM) module insertion site, the Arp module and DNA-binding domains. Although over 70% of the residues perturbed in NDDs overlap with those mutated in cancer, ~60% of amino acid changes are NDD-specific. These findings provide a foundation to functionally group variants and link complex aberrancies to phenotypic severity, serving as a resource for the chromatin, clinical genetics and neurodevelopment communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo M Valencia
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshay Sankar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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5
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Nie K, Huang J, Liu L, Lv H, Chen D, Fan W. Identification of a De Novo Heterozygous Missense ACTB Variant in Baraitser–Winter Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:828120. [PMID: 35401677 PMCID: PMC8989421 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Baraitser–Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF, OMIM: 243310) is a rare autosomal-dominant developmental disorder associated with variants in the genes ACTB or ACTG1. It is characterized by brain malformations, a distinctive facial appearance, ocular coloboma, and intellectual disability. However, the phenotypes of BWCFF are heterogenous, and its molecular pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we conducted detailed clinical examinations on a Chinese patient with BWCFF and found novel ocular manifestations including pseudoduplication of the optic disc and nystagmus. Targeted gene panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense c.478A > G (p.Thr160Ala) variant in ACTB. The mRNA and protein expression of ACTB was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blots. Furthermore, the functional effects of the pathogenic variant were analyzed by protein structure analysis, which indicated that the variant may affect the active site for ATP hydrolysis by the actin ATPase, resulting in abnormal filamentous actin organization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This discovery extends the ACTB variant spectrum, which will improve genetic counseling and diagnosis, and may contribute to understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of actin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Danian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Fan, ; Danian Chen,
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Zavala L, Ziegler G, Morón DG, Garretto N. Dystonia-Deafness Syndrome: ACTB Pathogenic Variant in an Argentinean Family. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:122-124. [PMID: 35005077 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Zavala
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ziegler
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Dolores González Morón
- Chronic and Hereditary Ataxias Program, Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nélida Garretto
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology J. M. Ramos Mejía Hospital, University Center of Neurology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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Sibbin K, Yap P, Nyaga D, Heller R, Evans S, Strachan K, Alburaiky S, Nguyen HMA, Hermann-Le Denmat S, Ganley ARD, O'Sullivan JM, Bloomfield FH. A de novo ACTB gene pathogenic variant in identical twins with phenotypic variation for hydrops and jejunal atresia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1299-1306. [PMID: 34970864 PMCID: PMC9302691 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The beta-actin gene (ACTB) encodes a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein, essential for embryonic development in humans. De novo heterozygous missense variants in the ACTB are implicated in causing Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFFS; MIM#243310). ACTB pathogenic variants are rarely associated with intestinal malformations. We report on a rare case of monozygotic twins presenting with proximal small bowel atresia and hydrops in one, and apple-peel bowel atresia and laryngeal dysgenesis in the other. The twin with hydrops could not be resuscitated. Intensive and surgical care was provided to the surviving twin. Rapid trio genome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant in ACTB (NM_00101.3:c.1043C>T; p.(Ser348Leu)) that guided the care plan. The identical variant subsequently was identified in the demised twin. To characterize the functional effect, the variant was recreated as a pseudoheterozygote in a haploid wild-type S. cerevisiae strain. There was an obvious growth defect of the yACT1S348L/WT pseudoheterozygote compared to a yACT1WT/WT strain when grown at 22°C but not when grown at 30°C, consistent with the yACT1 S348L variant having a functional defect that is dominant over the wild-type allele. The functional results provide supporting evidence that the Ser348Leu variant is likely to be a pathogenic variant, including being associated with intestinal malformations in BWCFFS, and can demonstrate variable expressivity within monozygotic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sibbin
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Yap
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denis Nyaga
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raoul Heller
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Evans
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kate Strachan
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Salam Alburaiky
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Han M Alex Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Austen R D Ganley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Australian Parkinsons Mission, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain Research New Zealand, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Starship Child Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tang H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Kang X, Han R. Integrative analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA in broilers with valgus-varus deformity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239450. [PMID: 32970714 PMCID: PMC7514040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone abnormality and leg disease in commercial broiler flocks are increasingly prominent, causing serious economic losses to the broiler breeding industry. Valgus-varus deformity (VVD) is a common deformity of the long bone in broilers that manifests as an outward or inward deviation of the tibiotarsus or tarsometatarsus. There is a paucity of studies on the molecular mechanisms of VVD. RESULTS In this study, 6 cDNA libraries were constructed from spleen samples from VVD birds and normal birds. A total of 1951 annotated lncRNAs, 7943 novel lncRNAs and 30252 mRNAs were identified by RNA-sequencing. In addition, 420 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 124 differentially expressed lncRNAs (adjusted P-value < 0.05) were obtained. A total of 16 dysregulated genes were confirmed by qPCR to be consistent with the results of the RNA-Seq. The functional lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed using differentially expressed mRNAs and target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. 11 DE genes were obtained from the analysis. In order to gain insight into the interactions of genes, lncRNAs and pathways associated with VVD, we focused on the following pathways, which are involved in immunity and bone development: the Jak-stat signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Wnt-signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway and Fanconi anemia pathway. All together, 30 candidate DE genes were obtained from these pathways. We then analyzed the interaction between the DE genes and their corresponding lncRNAs. From these interaction network analyses we found that GARS, NFIC, PIK3R1, BMP6, NOTCH1, ACTB and CREBBP were the key core nodes of these networks. CONCLUSION This study showed that differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were related to immunity or bone development. These results increase the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of VVD and provide some reference for the etiology and pathogenesis of VVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
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Hampshire K, Martin PM, Carlston C, Slavotinek A. Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome: Report of two adult siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1923-1932. [PMID: 32506774 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCS) is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that is characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features, structural brain abnormalities, seizures, microcephaly, hearing loss, and ocular colobomas. The first three cases were described in 1988 by Baraitser and Winter and included two siblings and an unrelated third patient. Subsequently, causative missense variants in the ACTB and ACTG1 genes were identified, with de novo occurrence in patients with the condition. Herein, we describe two adult siblings who were born to unaffected parents and who were diagnosed with BWCS in their fourth and sixth decade of life following exome sequencing performed for intellectual disability. We review the literature reports of adult patients with BWCS to document the clinical features and phenotypic variability that can occur later in life. This is the first molecularly confirmed report of germline mosaicism in BWCS and one of only a few reports to describe two BWCS patients belonging to the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Hampshire
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Colleen Carlston
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Parker F, Baboolal TG, Peckham M. Actin Mutations and Their Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093371. [PMID: 32397632 PMCID: PMC7247010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is a widely expressed protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells. In humans, there are six different genes, which encode specific actin isoforms. Disease-causing mutations have been described for each of these, most of which are missense. Analysis of the position of the resulting mutated residues in the protein reveals mutational hotspots. Many of these occur in regions important for actin polymerization. We briefly discuss the challenges in characterizing the effects of these actin mutations, with a focus on cardiac actin mutations.
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Differential Expression of KCNJ12 Gene and Association Analysis of Its Missense Mutation with Growth Traits in Chinese Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050273. [PMID: 31137608 PMCID: PMC6562504 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A central goal of livestock genomic study is to find causal genes underlying economic traits and identify effective variations which can be used as molecular markers for livestock breeding. The cattle KCNJ12 gene is an important candidate gene. To date, however, there have been no reports about the use of its missense mutation as a marker in cattle stature. In this study, missense mutation in KCNJ12 was firstly verified, which led to a change in its protein sequence. Further, a significant association was detected between the mutation of KCNJ12 and cattle stature, and we determined that the mutation in KCNJ12 could be used as a molecular marker in beef breeding programs. In addition, expression analysis of the KCNJ12 gene revealed high abundance in muscle and potential roles in bovine myocyte differentiation, which may be the subject of our future research. Abstract The potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 12 (KCNJ12) gene is a promising candidate for economic traits because of its crucial roles in myoblast development. Here, a missense mutation (Cys > Arg) was first detected to be located in exon 3 of KCNJ12 from three Chinese cattle breeds by DNA-pool sequencing. Then, we performed an association analysis of this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with stature in three Chinese cattle populations (n = 820). A significantly positive correlation was revealed by a reduced animal general linear model and the CC genotype was the most favorable in three breeds. Further, we measured the expression profile of the KCNJ12 gene in various cattle tissues and primary bovine skeletal muscle cells. Ubiquitous expression with high abundance in muscle was observed. Further, in primary bovine skeletal muscle cells, the KCNJ12 mRNA expression was gradually up-regulated in differentiation medium (DM) compared with that in growth medium (GM), suggesting that the KCNJ12 gene is involved in bovine myocyte differentiation. Conclusively, the KCNJ12 gene is a functional candidate gene which can be used as a molecular marker for cattle breeding.
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