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Clauwaert V, Verhaeghe E, De Schepper S, Haspeslagh M, Brochez L. Clinicopathologically Defined Naevus Subtypes and Melanoma Risk. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01868-2. [PMID: 38942231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of melanoma is a major determinant in disease outcome and drives the number of (over)excised naevi in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate demographic features and melanoma risk of clinically suspicious, mainly flat naevus subtypes. Based on the methodology of ex vivo dermoscopy and derm dotting, the 12 most prevalent naevus subtypes were identified in a collection of over 7000 naevi excised for medical reason. Dermoscopical, histopathological and clinical features of these subtypes were described. In addition, the association with melanoma history, histopathological atypia and melanoma occurrence within naevi was compared. Nearly half of the naevi removed for medical reasons were of the hypermelanotic subtype with no or mild histopathological atypia and low melanoma association, suggesting overtreatment in daily practice. Contrarily, the subtypes atypical lentiginous naevus and orange pulverocytic flat naevus were associated with higher proportions of (severe) atypia and melanoma (history). We believe these subtypes may reflect different tumoural and/or (germline) genetic entities with different melanoma risk. The data from this study may direct further prospective research on specific naevus subtypes in order to obtain better insights in associated clinical/genetic factors and melanoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Clauwaert
- Dermpat, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Ghent University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Evelien Verhaeghe
- Ghent University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Schepper
- Ghent University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Marc Haspeslagh
- Dermpat, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Ghent University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Ghent University Hospital, Dermatology Department, Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
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Lee KJ, Soyer HP, Stark MS. The Skin Molecular Ecosystem Holds the Key to Nevogenesis and Melanomagenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:456-465. [PMID: 37921715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of melanoma is critical to good patient outcomes, but we still know little about the mechanisms of early melanoma development. Normal epidermis has many of the sequence variants and genetic architecture disruptions found in both benign nevi, melanomas, and other skin cancers, yet continues to behave more or less normally. One hypothesis is that many melanocytes in this context are "tumor competent" but are regulated by the microenvironment provided by the surrounding keratinocytes to inhibit progress to nevi or melanoma. There is evidence of accumulating disorder in several measures of the genomic and epigenomic landscape from normal skin through nevi to melanoma that may be key to promoting nevogenesis and melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Lee
- Frazer Institute, the University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Queensland, Australia.
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Frazer Institute, the University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Queensland, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- Frazer Institute, the University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Queensland, Australia
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Vergara IA, Stark MS. One step closer to improving melanoma diagnosis and prognosis with liquid biopsies. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:255-259. [PMID: 37279556 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Ilut PA, Camela E, Lallas K, Papageorgiou C, Manoli SM, Kyrgidis A, Liopyris K, Sgouros D, Apalla Z, Lallas A. The Natural Evolution of Nevi with Peripheral Globules. Dermatology 2023; 239:760-767. [PMID: 37279706 DOI: 10.1159/000531004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral globules (PG) in melanocytic lesions represent a concerning dermoscopic feature since they might be present in growing nevi and melanomas. Their natural evolution has not been fully elucidated, and an age-based management approach has been recommended. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to calculate the growth rate of lesions with PG and investigate possible association with age, sex, location, and the global dermoscopic pattern. METHODS We retrospectively selected the lesions of interest from a cohort of Caucasian patients who underwent sequential digital dermoscopy monitoring. Lesions with PG distributed at 75% or more of their circumference with available follow-up images or histopathologic report were included. The surface area was automatically calculated with the help of an incorporated tool used in the acquisition of the images. The images were also evaluated by independent investigators for the presence of pre-defined criteria. Growth-curve models were used to assess the growth rate. The outcome variable was the area of nevi in mm2, and scatterplots with Lowess curves were used to present the mean change of nevi during follow-up. RESULTS A total of 208 lesions from 98 patients with a median age of 36 years (range 15-75) were included. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range 4-48). The mean growth rate for all nevi was 0.16 mm2/month (95% CI, 0.14-0.18, p < 0.001), ranging from -0.29 to 0.61 mm2/month. The growth rate was higher in nevi with a homogeneous dermoscopic pattern (p < 0.001). The number of peripheral globules during follow-up varied from increasing to complete disappearance. None of the lesions developed any melanoma-specific structure at follow-up. CONCLUSION Nevi with PG grew at a mean rate of 0.16 mm2/month, and the growth rate was independent of age, gender, or anatomic location. Nevi with homogeneous pattern demonstrated the highest growth rate in our cohort. None of the monitored nevi with PG developed melanoma-specific criteria at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Anca Ilut
- Department of Dermatology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elisa Camela
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lallas
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chryssoula Papageorgiou
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia-Magdalini Manoli
- First Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kyrgidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "George Papanikolaou,", Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Liopyris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital for Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dimitrios Sgouros
- Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, ATTIKON General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Massone C, Stanganelli I, Ingordo V, Ferrara G, Brunasso AMG, Siri G, Casazza S, Gnone M, Pizzichetta MA, Giovanni B, Chiodi S, Sola S. Clinicopathologic and Dermoscopic Features of 20 Cases of Spark's Nevus, a Dermoscopic Simulator of Melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:153-162. [PMID: 36730758 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Spark's nevus is a particular type of melanocytic nevus, with histology that shows features of both Spitz and Clark nevus. Detailed dermoscopic features in a series of Spark nevi have not been described yet. We performed a monocentric retrospective observational study on 20 lesions of Spark nevus excised from 19 patients (M:F = 10:9; mean age: 37,6 years), reviewed by 5 experts in dermoscopy and 2 dermatopathologists. A histologic review confirmed that Spark nevi were mostly symmetric (80%), well circumscribed (100%), mainly compound (65%) melanocytic lesions with either epithelioid (55%) or spitzoid (45%) cell morphology and bridging of the nests (100%). Spark nevi were more frequently found on the trunk (85%) in patients with a history of sunburns in childhood (84%), with skin phototype III (79%), and with high nevus count (>100 nevi, 7 patients (36%)). On dermoscopy, we observed different general patterns: multicomponent (40%), reticular-globular-homogeneous (15%), globular homogeneous (15%), reticular (15%), reticular-globular (5%), homogeneous (5%), and globular (5%). Spark nevi showed frequently dermoscopic asymmetry (63%), brown color (90%) with areas of central hyperpigmentation (41%) and peripheral hypopigmentation (28%), atypical pigment network (48%), irregular globules (42%), irregular dots (31%), irregular blotches (16%), blue-whitish veil (13%), peripheral island (25%), irregular hyperpigmented areas (12%), and regression (33%). BRAF mutation was present in 7 of the 10 analyzed cases (70%); all these cases presented a history of evolution. In conclusion, Spark nevi occur on the trunk of young adults with high nevus count and history of sunburns; dermoscopic features are protean, often atypical and suspicious of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Massone
- Physician, Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Physician, Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
- Physician, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vito Ingordo
- Physician, Department of Dermatology, Local Health Centre Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ferrara
- Physician, Anatomic Pathology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Siri
- Physician, Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta
- Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Biondo Giovanni
- Physician, Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Stefano Chiodi
- Physician, Plastic Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Sola
- Physician, Surgical Pathology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Dessinioti C, Befon A, Stratigos AJ. The Association of Nevus-Associated Melanoma with Common or Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030856. [PMID: 36765817 PMCID: PMC9913707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous melanoma has an adjacent nevus remnant upon histological examination in 30% of cases (nevus-associated melanoma, NAM), while it appears de novo for 70% of tumors. Regarding NAM arising in acquired melanocytic nevus, currently there is no evidence on whether NAM more frequently develops in association with a dysplastic or common melanocytic nevus. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the proportion of dysplastic or common melanocytic nevus in NAM associated with acquired nevus. Methods: A systematic literature search is conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The PRISMA checklist is used. Studies reporting patients diagnosed with NAM arising in an acquired common or dysplastic melanocytic nevus are included. A meta-analysis of proportions is performed using the random-effects model. The magnitude of heterogeneity is assessed with the I2 statistic. Results: A total of 22 studies with 2174 NAMs with an acquired nevus (dysplastic or common) are included. The proportion of dysplastic nevus in NAM varies considerably in the included studies, ranging from 0% to 100%. In the meta-analysis, the overall estimate of the proportion of having a dysplastic nevus in NAM is 51% (95% CI: 39-63%) with high heterogeneity at I2: 95.8% (p < 0.01). A sensitivity meta-analysis of 12 studies that included 30 or more acquired nevus-NAMs (2023 cases) shows that 65% of the NAMs developed in a dysplastic nevus (95% CI: 51-77%). In a meta-analysis of 4 studies reporting invasive-only acquired nevus-NAMs (764 cases), the proportion of dysplastic nevus is 56% (95% CI: 36-75%). Only 2 studies are found reporting in situ NAMs with an acquired nevus, and the pooled estimated proportion of dysplastic nevus is 71% (95% CI: 63-78%). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis suggest a higher proportion of dysplastic nevus in acquired nevus-NAM; however, there is considerable uncertainty and high heterogeneity, highlighting the need for future well-designed studies with uniform histopathological definitions for dysplastic nevus remnants which report the type of nevus in NAM separately for invasive melanomas, thin tumors, and by histological subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Dessinioti
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Aggeliki Befon
- State Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander J. Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
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Muse ME, Bergman DT, Salas LA, Tom LN, Tan JM, Laino A, Lambie D, Sturm RA, Schaider H, Soyer HP, Christensen BC, Stark MS. Genome-scale DNA methylation analysis identifies repeat element alterations that modulate the genomic stability of melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1893-1902.e7. [PMID: 34871578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acquired melanocytic nevi grow and persist in a stable form into adulthood. Using genome-wide methylation profiling, we evaluated 32 histopathologically and dermoscopically characterized nevi, to identify key epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in nevogenesis. Benign (69% globular and 31% non-specific dermoscopic pattern) and dysplastic (95% reticular/nonspecific dermoscopic pattern) nevi were dissimilar with only two shared differentially methylated (DM) loci. Benign nevi demonstrated an increase in both genome-scale methylation and methylation of Alu/LINE-1 retrotransposable elements, a marker of genomic stability, as well as global methylation. In contrast, dysplastic nevi showed evidence for genomic instability via hypomethylation of Alu/LINE-1 (Alu; P=0.00019 and LINE-1; P=0.000035). Using dermoscopic classifications, reticular/non-specific patterned nevi had 59,572 CpG DM loci (Q < 0.05), whereas globular nevi had no significant DM loci. In reticular/non-specific patterned nevi, the tumor suppressor PTEN had the greatest proportion of hypermethylated CpG loci in its promoter region compared to all other assayed gene promoters. The relative activity of reticular/non-specific nevi was evidenced by 50,720 hypomethylated loci being enriched for accessible chromatin, and 8,852 hypermethylated loci strongly enriched, for example, marks of active gene promoters, which suggests that gain of DNA methylation observed in these nevus types plays a role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Muse
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lisa N Tom
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Marie Tan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonia Laino
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Duncan Lambie
- IQ Pathology, Brisbane, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helmut Schaider
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Department of Community & Family Medicine, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
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Massone C, Hofman-Wellenhof R, Chiodi S, Sola S. Dermoscopic Criteria, Histopathological Correlates and Genetic Findings of Thin Melanoma on Non-Volar Skin. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1288. [PMID: 34440462 PMCID: PMC8391530 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, in vivo technique that allows the visualization of subsurface skin structures in the epidermis, at the dermoepidermal junction, and in the upper dermis. Dermoscopy brought a new dimension in evaluating melanocytic skin neoplasms (MSN) also representing a link between clinical and pathologic examination of any MSN. However, histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing MSN. Dermoscopic-pathologic correlation enhances the level of quality of MSN diagnosis and increases the level of confidence of pathologists. Melanoma is one of the most genetically predisposed among all cancers in humans. The genetic landscape of melanoma has been described in the last years but is still a field in continuous evolution. Melanoma genetic markers play a role not only in melanoma susceptibility, initiation, and progression but also in prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Several studies described the dermoscopic specific criteria and predictors for melanoma and their histopathologic correlates, but only a few studies investigated the correlation among dermoscopy, pathology, and genetic of MSN. The aim of this work is to review the published data about dermoscopic features of melanoma, their histopathological correlates with regards also to genetic alterations. Particularly, this review will focus on low-CSD (cumulative sun damage) melanoma or superficial spreading melanoma, high-CSD melanoma, and nevus-associated melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simona Sola
- Surgical Pathology, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
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Lee KJ, Janda M, Stark MS, Sturm RA, Soyer HP. On Naevi and Melanomas: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:635316. [PMID: 33681261 PMCID: PMC7933521 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.635316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign naevi are closely linked to melanoma, as risk factors, simulators, or sites of melanoma formation. There is a heavy genetic overlap between the two lesions, a shared environmental influence of ultraviolet radiation, and many similar cellular features, yet naevi remain locally situated while melanomas spread from their primary site and may progress systemically to distal organs. Untangling the overlapping contributors and predictors of naevi and melanoma is an ongoing area of research and should eventually lead to more personalized prevention and treatment strategies, through the development of melanoma risk stratification tools and early detection of evolving melanomas. This will be achieved through a range of complementary strategies: risk-adjusted primary prevention counseling; the use of lesion imaging technologies such as sequential 3D total body photography and consumer-performed lesion imaging; artificial intelligence deep phenotyping and clinical assistance; a better understanding of genetic drivers of malignancy, risk variants, clinical genetics, and polygenic effects; and the interplay between genetics, phenotype and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Genes Determining Nevus Count and Dermoscopic Appearance in Australian Melanoma Cases and Controls. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:498-501.e17. [PMID: 31421127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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