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Leslie AC, Ward MP, Dobyns WB. Undifferentiated psychosis or schizophrenia associated with vermis-predominant cerebellar hypoplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63416. [PMID: 37933701 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a well-studied neuropsychiatric condition that has been shown to have a high degree of genetic heritability. Still, little data on the specific genetic risk variants associated with the disease exists. Classification of the SCZ phenotype into SCZ-related endophenotypes is a promising methodology to parse out and elucidate the specific genetic risk variants for each. Here, we present a series of 17 previously reported individuals and a new proband with similar SCZ-related neuropsychiatric characteristics and shared brain imaging findings. Unsurprisingly, these individuals shared classic psychiatric features of SCZ. Interestingly, we also identified shared neuropsychiatric features in this series of individuals that had not been highlighted previously. A consistently decreased IQ, memory impairment, sleep and speech disturbances, and attention deficits were commonly reported findings. The brain imaging findings among these individuals also consistently showed posterior vermis predominant cerebellar hypoplasia (CBLH-V). Most individuals' diagnoses were initially described as Dandy-Walker malformation; however, our independent review of imaging suggests a more consistent pattern of posterior vermis predominant cerebellar hypoplasia rather than true Dandy-Walker malformation. While the specific genetic risk variants for this endophenotype are yet to be described, the aim of this paper is to present the shared neuropsychiatric features and consistent, symmetrical brain image findings which suggest that this subset of individuals comprises an endophenotype of SCZ with a high genetic solve rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Leslie
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mitchell P Ward
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Guo J, Gong J, Wei H, Li Y, Zhou Z, Yang J, Fu X, Sun C, Liu X, Yang X, Wang Z, Yu K. Recovery From Psychotic Disorder: A Surgical Case With Lhermitte-Duclos Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00044-6. [PMID: 36898902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjie Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuwei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Chen Y, Zhu J, Zhang D, Han L, Wang J, Yang W. Refractory psychiatric symptoms and seizure associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31421. [PMID: 36401431 PMCID: PMC9678574 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS) is a group of brain malformations which occasionally accompanied by psychotic symptoms. The co-occurrence of DWS and epilepsy in children is quite rare. CASE DESCRIPTION We reported a 14-year-old male who presented with a 8-month history of inconsistent upper limb tremor and accidental seizure. The MRI showed the typical alterations of DWS: cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, vermian hypoplasia, enlarged posterior fossa. He received the ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) placement for hydrocephalus and had a symptom-free period for 8 days. Then he experienced a recurrence of involuntary upper limb tremor and behavior disturbance after decreasing the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 150 to 130 mm Hg. After being treated with Olanzapine 10 mg/d, Clonazepam 3 mg/qn and Valproate acid (VPA) 500 mg/bid for nearly a month, his mental status and psychotic symptoms fluctuated. A search of Pub Med showed little report of hydrocephalus and DWS comorbidity with seizure and psychosis. Here we presented the whole process of a rare disease from the very beginning with all his symptoms, examinations and treatments. CONCLUSION VPS placement surgery at an earlier stage may be an effective way to avoid inevitable brain damage so as to improve the clinical outcomes for patients with DWS. Continued treatment with regard to DWS condition may include shunt placement, but it mainly focus on developmental concerns, with occupational and physical therapy along with ongoing supportive psychotherapy to improve the coping skills and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
- * Correspondence: Di Zhang, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, China (e-mail: )
| | - Li Han
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
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Joubert-Plus syndrome with an atretic cephalocele: a case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:3630-3634. [PMID: 35928591 PMCID: PMC9343393 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome is a rare heterogeneous disease affecting the cerebellum. It usually presents with hypotonia, abnormal breathing pattern, with distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign. It may present with different organ involvement or with other neurological alterations such as Dandy-Walker syndrome. Joubert syndrome with dandy walker syndrome is called Joubert-Plus syndrome, an exceedingly rare entity. Dandy-Walker syndrome is defined by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle. Atretic cephalocele is another rare diagnosis which is characterized by a herniation of intracranial contents through a skull defect. Herein, we present a case of a 6-month-old patient who presented with floppiness and a scalp nodule. After further evaluation, he was diagnosed with Joubert-Plus syndrome with an atretic cephalocele.
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Iftimovici A, Chaumette B, Duchesnay E, Krebs MO. Brain anomalies in early psychosis: From secondary to primary psychosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104716. [PMID: 35661683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain anomalies are frequently found in early psychoses. Although they may remain undetected for many years, their interpretation is critical for differential diagnosis. In secondary psychoses, their identification may allow specific management. They may also shed light on various pathophysiological aspects of primary psychoses. Here we reviewed cases of secondary psychoses associated with brain anomalies, reported over a 20-year period in adolescents and young adults aged 13-30 years old. We considered age at first psychotic symptoms, relevant medical history, the nature of psychiatric symptoms, clinical red flags, the nature of the brain anomaly reported, and the underlying disease. We discuss the relevance of each brain area in light of normal brain function, recent case-control studies, and postulated pathophysiology. We show that anomalies in all regions, whether diffuse, multifocal, or highly localized, may lead to psychosis, without necessarily being associated with non-psychiatric symptoms. This underlines the interest of neuroimaging in the initial workup, and supports the hypothesis of psychosis as a global network dysfunction that involves many different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Iftimovici
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; NeuroSpin, Atomic Energy Commission, Gif-sur Yvette, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
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Yazici E, Kose S, Gunduz Y, Kurt EM, Yazici AB. Mega cisterna magna in bipolar mood disorder: a case report. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 39:58-61. [PMID: 35067008 PMCID: PMC8895964 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mega cisterna magna (MCM), one of the members of the Dandy-Walker complex, is a developmental malformation of the posterior fossa that is larger than 10 mm but morphologically does not affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Reports of psychiatric disorders associated with this anomaly are rare. We present the case of a patient with MCM who presented with a psychotic manic attack and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A 28-year-old female, single housewife, university graduate, presented with irritability, decreased sleep and appetite, distraction, and agitation. The patient also had a delusion of reference. In the clinical follow-up, an increase in energy and an increase in the amount of speech were observed. Her neurological examination was normal, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an MCM. The relationship and clinical significance of MCM with psychosis and mood disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not known whether this association is accidental or based on etiological commonality. The purpose of this case report is to review the relationship between the cerebellum and psychiatric symptoms and to contribute to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Sefanur Kose
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gunduz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elif Merve Kurt
- Department of Psychiatry, Diyarbakır Dağkapı State Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Ahmet Bulent Yazici, MD Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey Tel: +90-5325994988 Fax: +90-2642552105 E-mail:
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A Case Report of Perceptual Disturbances with Incidental Calcifications in the Cerebellum. Case Rep Psychiatry 2021; 2021:2680674. [PMID: 34631189 PMCID: PMC8494594 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2680674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum has extensive connections with motor and nonmotor areas of the nervous system. These nonmotor areas include the cognitive, affective, and perceptual areas of the central nervous system. Extensive literature has emerged cognitive documents and mood disorders in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Perceptual disturbances consistent with cerebellar connections with perceptual areas have not been as widely documented. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 58-year-old female presenting with new onset isolated auditory hallucinations and incidental findings of cerebellar calcifications. Conclusion In light of this case, we discuss an expanding body of evidence that suggests the likely role of the cerebellum in perceptual functioning.
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Liu J, Liu Z, Yan H, Li Y. Dandy-Walker malformation in methylmalonic acidemia: a rare case report. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:398. [PMID: 34511063 PMCID: PMC8436548 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylmalonic acidemia is an organic acid metabolism disorder that usually has nonspecific clinical manifestations. Case presentation A 3-month-old female infant was admitted to the hospital for developmental retardation. Her prenatal and birth history was unremarkable. After admission, she developed dyspnea and severe anemia and was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain showed a Dandy-Walker malformation, and metabolic screening indicated methylmalonic acidemia. Thus, she was diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia and Dandy-Walker malformation. The patient underwent treatment including acidosis correction, blood transfusion, antibiotics, mechanical ventilation and heat preservation. Unfortunately, her condition progressively worsened and she died of metabolic crisis. Conclusions Dandy-Walker malformation may be a clinical manifestation of methylmalonic acidemia. Additionally, the co-existence of methylmalonic acidemia and Dandy-Walker malformation may be an uncharacterized syndrome which needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuohang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibo Yan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xin Min Street, 130021, Changchun, China.
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Prediction, Psychosis, and the Cerebellum. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:820-831. [PMID: 31495402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly influential hypothesis posits that many of the diverse symptoms of psychosis can be viewed as reflecting dysfunctional predictive mechanisms. Indeed, to perceive something is to take a sensory input and make a prediction of the external source of that signal; thus, prediction is perhaps the most fundamental neural computation. Given the ubiquity of prediction, a more challenging problem is to specify the unique predictive role or capability of a particular brain structure. This question is relevant when considering recent claims that one aspect of the predictive deficits observed in psychotic disorders might be related to cerebellar dysfunction, a subcortical structure known to play a critical role in predictive sensorimotor control and perhaps higher-level cognitive function. Here, we review evidence bearing on this question. We first focus on clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging findings suggesting cerebellar involvement in psychosis and, specifically, schizophrenia. We then review a relatively novel line of research exploring whether computational models of cerebellar motor function can also account for cerebellar involvement in higher-order human cognition, and in particular, language function. We end the review by highlighting some key gaps in these literatures, limitations that currently preclude strong conclusions regarding cerebellar involvement in psychosis.
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